Desertified cultivated land treatment method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of desertification cultivated land improvement, and particularly discloses a desertification cultivated land treatment method which comprises the following steps: arranging a drip irrigation pipe, a TRIME pipe pipeline and a Venturi fertilizer applicator before planting; the modified activated carbon and the organic fertilizer are uniformly broadcasted and then ploughed, so that the soil structure is improved, and the water and fertilizer retention capability is improved; microbial agents are applied to enrich soil microorganism dominant communities and improve the fertilizer utilization rate; drought-resistant and alkali-resistant crops are planted, and after the microbial agent is applied for 2-3 days, saline-alkali-resistant variety crops are sown, and meanwhile film mulching is conducted; and after the crop seedlings emerge, applying the microbial agent again.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of desertified farmland improvement technology, specifically a method for managing desertified farmland. Background Technology

[0002] Soil is a vital natural resource for industrial and agricultural development in any country, and one of the main ecosystems for sustaining life. With global climate change and intensified human activities, large areas of land are becoming increasingly desertified, posing a serious threat to agricultural production and ecological balance, and presenting severe challenges to human society and ecosystems. Desertified soil is one of the most serious ecological and environmental challenges facing the world. The formation of desertified soil not only weakens soil fertility and reduces crop yields, but also triggers a series of environmental problems such as soil erosion and ecosystem degradation. The emergence of desertified soil poses a serious threat to ecological balance and environmental health, and also limits the sustainability of agricultural production.

[0003] However, the formation of sandy soils is a complex process involving soil erosion, wind erosion, water and soil loss, and inappropriate land management. The degradation process in sandy soils is often referred to as sandification or desertification. During this process, the soil becomes infertile, its aggregate structure is destroyed, and its water and fertilizer retention capacity weakens, thus limiting crop growth. Sandy soils include fine-grained soils, fine-grained soils, and loose-grained soils. Sandy soils contain more than 70% sand, weakening the binding force between soil particles, leading to fragmented aggregate structure and loose soil, significantly increasing the risk of soil erosion. Excessive sand content leads to nutrient deficiencies, reducing organic matter and nutrient content in the soil, making it difficult for crop roots to obtain sufficient water and nutrients, thus limiting crop growth and development. The soil has high permeability and conductivity, making it susceptible to drought and wind erosion. Increased soil porosity results in lower water retention capacity and organic matter content. These characteristics directly affect farmland fertility, crop growth, and ecosystem stability. At present, there is an urgent need for a universally applicable method for the comprehensive management of desertified farmland that is acceptable, feasible, and easy to promote. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for managing desertified farmland.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for managing desertified farmland includes the following steps: before planting, drip irrigation pipes, TRIME pipes, and Venturi fertilizer applicators are laid to improve water utilization, increase fertilizer efficiency, maintain soil structure, and create a suitable soil water, fertilizer, and heat environment.

[0006] The specific method for laying drip irrigation pipes, TRIME pipes, and Venturi fertilizer applicators before planting is as follows: Select drip irrigation pipes (tapes) with a capacity of 2 L / h, one pipe per row, with a dripper spacing of 15 cm. Choose corrosion-resistant and anti-aging materials. Use TRIME pipes suitable for long-term outdoor use, with a pipe diameter of 40 mm, a hole spacing of 25 cm, and a 3-hole oblique micro-spray tape. The working pressure should be 150-200 kPa. If the water pressure is insufficient, a booster pump should be added. Select Venturi fertilizer applicators with inlet and outlet pipe diameters (D) of less than 40 mm, throat diameter (d) of 7-12 mm, a maximum cone angle of approximately 20° at the front end of the throat and a maximum cone angle of approximately 10° at the rear end of the throat. After the drip irrigation pipes are laid, the Venturi fertilizer applicators should be installed on the main pipeline. Precise fertilization can be achieved by adjusting the water-fertilizer mixing ratio.

[0007] The TRIME pipe is buried at a depth of at least 50cm and is used to test the soil moisture content of 0-50cm before each drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is required when the soil moisture content is below 70%.

[0008] Furthermore, after evenly spreading the modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer, the soil is tilled to a depth of 40 cm to break up the plow pan, improve soil structure, and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity. The method for preparing the modified activated carbon includes: The activated carbon preparation method includes the following steps: The plant raw material is washed with deionized water and air-dried naturally. It is then pulverized and ground using a plant pulverizer, passed through a 6-8 mesh sieve, and placed in a high-temperature, oxygen-deficient activation furnace (800-1000℃) for pyrolysis reaction, maintained for 20 minutes to form a preliminary porous structure. Steam activation further expands the pore structure and enhances adsorption capacity. Finally, impurities in the original activated carbon material are dissolved and cleaned using an acidic solution, and after drying, high-purity activated carbon is obtained.

[0009] Specifically, the plant materials (coconut shells, fruit kernels (apricot kernels / peach kernels)) are washed with deionized water and air-dried. They are then pulverized and ground using a plant pulverizer, and passed through a 6-8 mesh sieve. The activation furnace is first evacuated to a vacuum or inert gas is introduced to completely replace the internal air. The raw materials are then placed in a high-temperature, oxygen-deficient activation furnace and heated to 800-1000℃ for pyrolysis, maintaining this temperature for 20 minutes to form a preliminary porous structure. Further activation with steam (850-950℃) further expands the pore structure and enhances adsorption capacity. The steam flow rate is between 0.8-1.5 kg / (kg charcoal·h), the activation time is 1-2 hours, and the inert gas ratio is 0-30%. Finally, impurities in the original activated carbon material were dissolved and cleaned using an acidic solution: 100 g of activated carbon was added to 800 mL of 10% hydrochloric acid solution, stirred at 200 rpm for 2 hours at room temperature, filtered, and washed with deionized water until the pH of the washing solution was approximately 7. The carbon was then dried at 110 °C to constant weight to obtain high-purity activated carbon.

[0010] Modification of activated carbon: Weigh dried activated carbon and place it in a microwave tube furnace. Adjust the power to 2880W and irradiate for 10 minutes to obtain modified activated carbon. The modified activated carbon has an increased specific surface area. When applied to soil, it can promote the formation of soil aggregates and improve soil aeration and water retention capacity.

[0011] Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials: one or more of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, soybean cake or rapeseed cake, with an organic matter content of ≥40%, or commercially available.

[0012] Preferably, the modified activated carbon is mixed with organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:99.

[0013] Preferably, the modified activated carbon is added at a rate of 300 kg / mu after being mixed with organic fertilizer.

[0014] Furthermore, a microbial agent is applied, namely, the salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis BCCDH-1, with accession number CCTCC M 20231545, classified as Bacillus velezensis BCCDH-1, which was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on August 31, 2023, at No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, to enrich the dominant microbial community in the soil and improve fertilizer utilization.

[0015] Preferably, the method and dosage of the microbial agent are as follows: after diluting the agent 50-100 times, it is applied to the cultivated land through the drip irrigation pipe by a Venturi fertilizer applicator, with a single application rate of 4L / mu.

[0016] Preferably, after applying the microbial agent for 2-3 days, the salt-tolerant crop is sown and covered with film at the same time, which can increase temperature and retain moisture, improve soil structure, and prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0017] Preferably, after the crop emerges, the microbial agent is applied again, using the same method and dosage as described above.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1) The selected chemical modifiers and microbial preparations are green, efficient, and environmentally friendly; the modification methods are acceptable, feasible, and easy to promote.

[0019] 2) Modified activated carbon has a large specific surface area and high porosity, which can reduce soil bulk density, promote aggregate formation, improve soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and optimize the crop root growth environment. At the same time, when combined with organic fertilizer, it can increase organic matter content and retain nutrients. The selected microbial agents are salt and alkali resistant, have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and have the ability to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, produce iron carriers, and produce high levels of plant hormones. They promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil (such as actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria), and can induce thickening of plant cell walls, thereby enhancing disease resistance and stress resistance.

[0020] 3) Combining agronomic measures with chemical and biological improvement methods can effectively enhance the productivity of desertified farmland and achieve the dual effect of soil improvement and increased production. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in this invention are all conventional solutions in the field, and the reagents or raw materials used are all purchased from commercial channels or are publicly available unless otherwise specified.

[0024] Preparation example: Method for preparing modified activated carbon: Sufficient coconut shells were washed with deionized water and air-dried. The shells were then pulverized using a plant pulverizer, ground, and passed through an 8-mesh sieve. The raw material was placed in a high-temperature, oxygen-deficient activation furnace (850℃) for pyrolysis for 20 minutes to form a preliminary porous structure. The pore structure was further expanded and adsorption capacity enhanced through steam activation (900℃). The steam flow rate was maintained at 1.0 kg / (kg carbon material·h), the activation time was 1.5 hours, and the inert gas ratio was 20%. Finally, impurities in the original activated carbon material were dissolved and cleaned using a 10% hydrochloric acid solution. The ratio of activated carbon to hydrochloric acid solution was 1 g: 8 ml. The solution was dried at 110℃ to constant weight to obtain high-purity activated carbon. The dried activated carbon was weighed and placed in a microwave tube furnace with the power adjusted to 2880W. After irradiation for 10 minutes, modified activated carbon was obtained.

[0025] In this embodiment, the microbial agent was prepared from salt-tolerant Bacillus berleis bacillus BCDH-1.

[0026] Specific methods for preparing microbial inoculants: 1. Activation of the strain: Inoculate the Bacillus strain into the activation medium and culture it with shaking at 30-37℃ and 150-200 r / min for 12-18 h to obtain the activated bacterial solution; 2. Seed culture: Inoculate the activated bacterial solution into the seed culture medium at an inoculation rate of 5-10%, and culture with shaking at 30-37℃ and 150-200 r / min for 8-12 hours to obtain the seed culture; 3. Fermentation Tank Cultivation: Inoculate the seed culture at a rate of 10% into the fermentation medium in a 5L fermenter, resulting in a fermentation medium volume of 4L. The fermentation medium formula is as follows: glucose 5-10g / L, yeast extract 3-5g / L, peptone 5-10g / L, KH2PO4 1-2g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1-0.5g / L, MnSO4·H2O 0.1g / L, pH 7.5. Prepare a 4L fermentation broth using the above medium, pour it into the fermenter, sterilize at 121℃ for 20 minutes, cool to 30-37℃, inoculate with the above seed culture, and incubate at 30-37℃, pH 7.5. Harvest the fermentation broth after 20-30 hours.

[0027] The salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis BCCDH-1, with accession number CCTCC M 20231545 and taxonomical name Bacillus velezensis BCCDH-1, was deposited on August 31, 2023, at the China Center for Type Culture Collection, located at No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

[0028] Experimental Example 1 In May 2024, a desertified farmland improvement experiment was conducted in Erxiang Township, Zhangwu County, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province. 1) Lay drip irrigation pipes, TRIME pipes, and Venturi fertilizer applicators before planting; Select 2 L / h drip irrigation tubing (tape), one per row, with a dripper spacing of 15 cm. Choose corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant materials suitable for long-term outdoor use. The TRIME tubing should have a diameter of 40 mm, a hole spacing of 25 cm, and be a 3-hole angled micro-sprinkler tape. The working pressure should be 150–200 kPa; a booster pump is required if the water pressure is insufficient. Select a VI0110H (ARCK) Venturi fertilizer applicator. After the drip irrigation tubing is laid, the Venturi fertilizer applicator should be installed on the main pipeline. Precise fertilization can be achieved by adjusting the water-fertilizer mixing ratio. The TRIME tubing should be buried at a depth of 1.0 m. When the soil moisture content is below 70%, drip irrigation tubing should be used. 2) After evenly mixing and spreading the modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer (purchased from Panjin Heyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the main raw materials are 75% cow manure and 25% straw, with a nutrient content of 40.4% organic matter and 5.1% total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm to break up the plow pan, improve soil structure and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity. The mixing ratio of modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer is 1:99, and the dosage after mixing is 300 kg / mu.

[0029] 3) Apply microbial inoculants. Dilute the inoculants 50 times and apply them to the cultivated land through the drip irrigation pipe using a Venturi fertilizer applicator at a rate of 4L / acre. This will enrich the dominant microbial community in the soil and improve fertilizer utilization. It is also suitable for planting drought- and alkali-tolerant crops. 4) Two to three days after applying the microbial inoculant, sow corn and cover it with plastic film at the same time; 5) After the crops emerge, apply microbial inoculant again at a rate of 4L / acre.

[0030] The experimental plot covered an area of ​​2 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares), with one soil improvement treatment and one control. The control plot CK was planted using conventional methods (without drip irrigation, TRIME pipes, or Venturi fertilizer applicators; no mulch was laid after sowing, and no soil improvement products were applied), with an experimental area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The treatment plot T1 adopted the treatment method provided in this embodiment, with an experimental area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). As shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1. Application methods of products in the test plots

[0032] On May 31, 2024, the root development of maize seedlings was tracked and compared. Three seedlings were randomly selected from each seedling stage to observe root development. The measurement data is shown in Table 2. On July 19, the root development and plant height of maize in the field were tracked and compared. The measurement data is shown in Table 3. On September 30, the actual yield of maize in the field was measured. The yield data is shown in Table 4.

[0033] Table 2 Measurement data of maize seedlings

[0034] Table 2 shows that the average root length of the treatment group was 27 cm, which was 36.4% higher than that of the control group, indicating a more developed root system in the treatment group. The application of organic fertilizer, modified biochar, and microbial agents can rapidly replenish soil organic matter, promote soil aggregate formation, and enhance root development during the seedling stage. A well-developed root system allows corn to absorb water and nutrients from deeper depths, promoting its growth in sandy soil, alleviating water shortage problems caused by drought, and improving its resistance to lodging.

[0035] Table 3 Measurement data of maize at the tasseling stage

[0036] Table 3 shows that after improvement, the corn grew better overall, with a high survival rate and vigorous plant growth. The average plant height increased by 3.4%; root diameter increased by 7.8%; stem diameter increased by 8.8%; and taproot diameter increased by 2.3%.

[0037] Table 4. Corn Yield Measurement Data

[0038] As shown in Table 4, the yield of the improved plot was 408.1 kg / mu, while the yield of the control plot was 204.4 kg / mu, representing an increase of 203.7 kg / mu and a yield increase rate of 99.6%, indicating a significant improvement effect.

[0039] Experiment Example 2 In May 2025, a desertified farmland improvement experiment was conducted in Xinping Village, Tianshan Town, Arukorqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia: 1) Drip irrigation pipes, TRIME pipes and Venturi fertilizer applicators were laid before planting; Select 2 L / h drip irrigation tubing (tape), one per row, with a dripper spacing of 15 cm. Choose corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant materials suitable for long-term outdoor use. The TRIME tubing should have a diameter of 40 mm, a hole spacing of 25 cm, and be a 3-hole angled micro-sprinkler tape. The working pressure should be 150–200 kPa; a booster pump is required if the water pressure is insufficient. Select a VI0110H (ARCK) Venturi fertilizer applicator. After the drip irrigation tubing is laid, the Venturi fertilizer applicator should be installed on the main pipeline. Precise fertilization can be achieved by adjusting the water-fertilizer mixing ratio. The TRIME tubing should be buried at a depth of 1.2 m. When the soil moisture content is below 75%, drip irrigation tubing should be used. 2) After mixing modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer (purchased from Panjin Heyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the main raw materials are 75% cow manure and 25% straw, with a nutrient content of 40.4% organic matter and 5.1% total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), spread the mixture evenly and then plow it to a depth of 40 cm to break up the plow pan, improve soil structure and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity. The mixing ratio of modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer is 1:99, and the dosage of the mixed modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer is 300 kg / mu.

[0040] 3) Apply microbial inoculants. Dilute the inoculants 50 times and apply them to the cultivated land through the drip irrigation pipe using a Venturi fertilizer applicator at a rate of 4L / acre. This will enrich the dominant microbial community in the soil and improve fertilizer utilization. It is also suitable for planting drought- and alkali-tolerant crops. 4) Two to three days after applying the microbial inoculant, sow corn and cover it with plastic film at the same time; 5) After the crops emerge, apply microbial inoculant again at a rate of 4L / acre.

[0041] The experimental plot covered an area of ​​2 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares), with one soil improvement treatment and one control. The control plot (CK) was conventionally planted (without drip irrigation, TRIME pipes, or Venturi fertilizer applicators; no mulch was laid after sowing, and no soil amendment products were applied), with an experimental area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The treatment plot (T1) adopted the treatment method provided in this embodiment, with an experimental area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). See Table 5. Table 5. Application methods of products in the test plots

[0042] On June 12, 2025, the development of maize seedlings was tracked. Three seedlings were randomly selected from each seedling stage, and the root system, plant height, and dry matter content were measured. The data are shown in Table 6. On September 28, the actual yield of maize in the field was measured. The yield data are shown in Table 7.

[0043] Table 6 Measurement data of maize at the seedling stage

[0044] As shown in Table 6, the average root length of the treatment group was 33.0 cm, which was 31% higher than that of the control group, indicating that the fibrous root system of the treatment group was more developed; the average plant height of the treatment group was 17.3 cm, which was 7% higher than that of the control group, indicating that the growth of the treatment group was more vigorous; and the dry matter content of the plants in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

[0045] Table 7 Corn Yield Measurement Data

[0046] As shown in Table 7, the yield of the treatment group reached 530 kg / mu, which was 175.4 kg / mu higher than that of the control plot, with a yield increase rate of 49.5%, and the improvement effect was significant.

[0047] In summary, this method for treating desertified soil, by applying modified activated carbon, organic fertilizer, and microbial agents, combined with agronomic measures such as drip irrigation and mulching, can effectively improve the soil environment and increase crop yield.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of managing a desertified farmland, characterized by: Before planting, lay the drip irrigation pipe, TRIME pipe and Venturi fertilizer applicator; mix the modified activated carbon and organic fertilizer, evenly spread and till, improve the soil structure and water and fertilizer retention capacity; apply microbial inoculant to enrich the soil microbial dominant community and improve fertilizer utilization rate; plant drought and alkali tolerant crops, apply microbial inoculant 2-3 days before sowing, cover the film at the same time; apply microbial inoculant again after the crops emerge.

2. The method of managing a desertified farmland according to claim 1, wherein: The TRIME pipe is buried at least 50 cm deep and is used to detect soil moisture content before each drip irrigation, and drip irrigation is performed when the soil moisture content is less than 70%.

3. A method of managing a desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing ratio of modified activated carbon to organic fertilizer is 1:

99.

4. The method of managing a desertified farmland according to claim 3, wherein: The preparation method of the modified activated carbon comprises the following steps: 1) Preparation of activated carbon: using plant raw materials to prepare activated carbon; 2) Modification of activated carbon: using a microwave device to optimize and modify the activated carbon.

5. The method of managing a desertified field according to claim 4, characterized in that: Wash, dry and grind the plant raw materials, then perform pyrolysis reaction to form a preliminary pore structure, further expand the pore structure by steam activation, and finally dissolve and wash the impurities by using an acidic solution, and dry to obtain activated carbon.

6. The improver for a sandy soil according to claim 4, characterized by: The modification step of the activated carbon is: placing the dried activated carbon into a microwave tube furnace, adjusting the power to 2880W, and irradiating for 10 minutes to obtain modified activated carbon.

7. The method of managing a cultivated land subject to desertification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: One or more of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, soybean meal or rapeseed cake.

8. A method of managing a desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial inoculant is salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis BCCDH-1, with the preservation number CCTCC M 20231545, preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on August 31, 2023, and the preservation address is No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

9. The method of managing a desertified farmland according to claim 1, wherein: The amount of modified activated carbon mixed with organic fertilizer applied is 300 kg / acre.

10. The method of managing a cultivated land subject to desertification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of applying microbial inoculant is to dilute the inoculant 50-100 times, then apply it to the cultivated land with the drip irrigation pipe through the Venturi fertilizer applicator, with a dosage of 4 L / acre; the method and dosage of applying microbial inoculant again after the crops emerge are the same as above.

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