Fractured rock mass vegetation restoration method based on portable vegetation particles

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rock slope ecological restoration engineering, in particular to a fractured rock mass vegetation restoration method based on portable vegetation particles, which comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning dangerous rocks and loose rock blocks on the slope surface of a rock slope, and synchronously recording a slope surface runoff path and fracture area distribution; s2, artificially constructed seedling holes are formed in the fracture area on the runoff path; s3, the seedling holes are pretreated to form a breathable bonding layer; s4, portable plant growing particles and slow release fertilizer are mixed and filled into the seedling holes, and the plant growing particles have the characteristics of swelling and dispersing when encountering water and being loose and breathable; s5, selecting and mixing various deep root system indigenous plant seeds, and covering the surfaces of the plant growing particles with the mixed seeds; s6, based on natural rainfall or necessary artificial moisturizing maintenance, stable deep-root-system shrub vegetation is formed through interspecific natural competition. The method is easy and convenient to implement and low in cost, natural fracture conditions of rock mass can be effectively utilized, the seed germination rate and vegetation stability are improved, and the method adapts to various rock slopes with joint fracture development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration engineering for rock slopes, specifically to a method for restoring vegetation in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles. Background Technology

[0002] Urbanization, rural infrastructure development, and resource development activities such as open-pit mining have created steep, soil-free rock slopes. These slopes are characterized by well-developed joints and fissures, leading to numerous geological and ecological environmental problems. Currently, a large number of exposed rock slopes face poor site conditions and severe erosion, resulting in significant challenges in remediation and a large area requiring restoration, leaving serious "ecological scars" on the surrounding environment.

[0003] Currently, vegetation restoration technologies for rock slopes mainly include hydroseeding, three-dimensional vegetation net hydroseeding, thick substrate hydroseeding, and vegetation bag methods, but all have significant limitations: the widely used net-supported hydroseeding technology requires soil layer reconstruction, combined with mechanical hydroseeding and sprinkler irrigation systems. However, the sprayed soil layer on steep rock slopes is prone to peeling and loss due to gravity and runoff erosion, and it involves large initial investment, high subsequent maintenance costs, and difficulty in obtaining high-quality soil sources, making it unsuitable for large areas of rock slopes to be restored. Other technologies either have stringent applicable conditions or are complex to construct, failing to balance ecological restoration effects, ease of construction, and cost-effectiveness. Existing technologies do not fully utilize the joint and fissure conditions of the rock slope itself, lacking targeted and refined vegetation establishment plans. Either indiscriminate construction leads to resource waste, or unreasonable vegetation environment construction results in low seed germination and survival rates, making it impossible to achieve long-term stable ecological revegetation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles, solving the problems of high cost, complex construction, and unstable revegetation effects in existing rock slope vegetation restoration technologies.

[0005] The basic solution provided by this invention is a method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles, comprising the following steps: S1. Rock slope surface cleaning: Manually remove dangerous rock fragments and loose boulders from the slope surface to eliminate construction safety hazards, and simultaneously record the slope runoff path, fissure area distribution and debris accumulation area. S2. Drilling of fissure seed holes: Seed holes are laid in the fissure areas and debris accumulation areas along the slope runoff path. The seed holes are artificially constructed seed holes used to contain portable planting particles, slow-release fertilizer and plant seeds, and to allow the plant seeds to germinate and grow into seedlings. S3. Pretreatment of raw holes: Spray a composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate onto the inner wall of the raw holes, and allow it to air dry naturally after spraying to form a breathable adhesive layer. S4. Loading of slow-release fertilizer and portable plant pellets: The portable plant pellets are mixed with slow-release fertilizer and then filled into the seed holes. The portable plant pellets include wood fiber, cellulose fiber, adhesive, at least one expanding mineral and at least one dispersant, and have the characteristics of swelling and dispersing upon contact with water and being loose and breathable. S5. Plant seed filling: Select a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds, mix them, fill the seed holes, and cover the surface of the portable plant granules. S6. Maintenance and Management: Based on natural rainfall or artificial watering, the water storage and retention function of portable plant granules is used to provide water for plant seed germination. The plant growth status is monitored regularly, and a stable deep-rooted shrub vegetation is formed through natural competition among species.

[0006] The principle of this invention is as follows: First, safety hazards are eliminated by clearing the slope surface. Simultaneously, crack areas and debris accumulation areas along the slope runoff path are recorded to provide a targeted basis for subsequent planting hole placement. Debris accumulation areas (such as localized depressions) are natural water and debris interception zones on the slope. Placing planting holes in these areas can enhance water retention capacity and reduce vegetation material loss. Furthermore, these areas are relatively flat, providing a favorable microenvironment for vegetation. Artificially constructed planting holes are placed in these areas. Then, a composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is sprayed onto the inner wall of the planting holes. After spraying, it air-dries naturally to form a breathable bonding layer. Since the walls of the planting holes on rock slopes are hard rock masses, lacking natural bonding and water retention properties, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, as a water-soluble anionic polymer, can form hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups on its molecular chain and the hydroxyl groups on the rock surface, forming a thin and dense bonding film on the hole wall. This provides a stable substrate for subsequent vegetation particles. Meanwhile, sodium alginate, as a natural polysaccharide, has extremely strong hydrophilicity and forms a porous film after film formation. When combined with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the bonding layer becomes more flexible through molecular chain interweaving, preventing the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose membrane from cracking and falling off due to rock deformation or external impact. Furthermore, its porous structure adsorbs and locks in moisture, forming a micro-water storage layer that slowly releases water for seed germination. The porous structure of the bonding layer ensures air circulation necessary for seed germination and root growth, achieving a triple function of bonding, water retention, and air permeability. Portable vegetation granules containing expanding minerals and dispersants are then mixed with slow-release fertilizer and filled into the soil. The granules expand and disperse upon contact with water, forming a loose and breathable fibrous matrix that encapsulates plant seeds and slow-release fertilizer while retaining water, addressing the problem of water and soil scarcity in fractured rock masses. Finally, a mixture of seeds from various deep-rooted native plants is filled into the seed holes. Through natural competition among species, stable deep-rooted shrubs are formed. The roots of these seeds can penetrate deep into rock fissures, achieving a strong bond between vegetation and the slope, thus achieving long-term ecological restoration.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: It eliminates the need for large machinery and extensive soil layer reconstruction; the core operations can be completed manually through cleaning, drilling, and manual filling, significantly reducing equipment investment and construction costs. Simultaneously, it avoids the excavation and transportation of high-quality soil, reducing ecological damage and additional costs. The seed holes are located in fractured areas, utilizing natural terrain to retain water and nutrients. Within the seed holes, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binds the planted particles to the hole walls, forming an "integrated structure," overcoming the defects of smooth rock walls and poor adhesion. Sodium alginate, with its strong hydrophilicity and porous film-forming properties, adsorbs and locks in moisture, forming a micro-water storage layer that slowly releases water. Combined with portability… The water-swelling and fixation properties of the plant granules effectively prevent the loss of plant materials and seeds, improving the stability of seed germination and seedling survival. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the swelling minerals and dispersant ensures that the plant granules disperse evenly and do not clump after contact with water, maintaining a loose and breathable structure and providing a stable microenvironment for seed germination. The use of deep-rooted native plant seeds adapts to the original ecological environment of the slope, exhibiting strong resistance and high survival rate. Furthermore, the resulting shrub vegetation enhances slope stability through deep root penetration into fissures, achieving the dual effects of ecological restoration and geological protection. Water replenishment is primarily through natural rainfall, reducing artificial sprinkler irrigation intervention. Stability is maintained through natural vegetation succession in the later stages, lowering long-term maintenance costs.

[0008] Furthermore, the fissure region includes type I fissure regions and type Y fissure regions. Type I fissures have a longitudinally extending structure with strong spatial stability, which is conducive to the downward penetration and rooting of deep-rooted plants, thus improving the vegetation's resistance to wind and water erosion. Type Y fissures form an interconnected spatial structure with better water retention and soil conservation capabilities, providing a more sustained humidity environment for seed germination and seedling growth. By arranging seed holes in these two types of fissure regions and filling them with portable vegetation granules, slow-release fertilizer, and plant seeds, the success rate and stability of vegetation restoration can be effectively improved.

[0009] Furthermore, the actual holes are manually constructed using portable drilling equipment. The diameter, depth, and spacing between the actual holes are adjusted according to the slope: when the slope is less than or equal to 40°, the spacing between the actual holes is 20-25cm, the diameter is 30-35mm, and the depth is 10-15cm; when the slope is greater than 40°, the spacing between the actual holes is 25-30cm, the diameter is 35-40mm, and the depth is 15-20cm. Portable drilling equipment is suitable for high and steep slope operations, offering high flexibility and convenient operation. When the slope is relatively small (less than or equal to 40°), the scouring force of the slope runoff is weak, and the matrix stability is relatively good. Therefore, smaller hole diameters, shallower hole depths, and closer spacing are used to ensure vegetation growth space while improving coverage efficiency. When the slope is large (greater than 40°), the scouring force of the runoff is strong, the matrix is ​​easily lost, and plant growth competition is more intense. Therefore, the hole diameter and depth are increased to accommodate more vegetation material and nutrients, and the spacing is increased to avoid vegetation competing for resources, ensuring the normal growth of vegetation in each hole.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the mass concentration of the composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is 1%-2%, the spraying amount is 5-10 mL per hole, and the natural air drying time is 3-6 hours. The mass ratio of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to sodium alginate is 1:2-2:1, which should be adjusted according to the climate conditions of the slope area: 1:1.5-1:2 can be used in arid areas, 1.5:1-2:1 can be used for steep slopes, and 1:1 is preferred in areas with normal climate. A mass concentration of 1%-2% can achieve a balance between bonding effect and air permeability. When the concentration is below 1%, the bonding layer strength is insufficient and it cannot effectively fix the plant particles; when the concentration is above 2%, the pores are blocked after film formation, affecting air permeability and root penetration. A spraying amount of 5-10 mL per hole can form a uniform thin coating, which ensures full coverage without occupying too much space in the hole, thus avoiding affecting the subsequent filling amount of plant particles and seeds. A natural air drying time of 3-6 hours can ensure that the bonding layer is fully cured and forms a stable structure without additional energy consumption, making it suitable for field construction conditions. The air-dried bonding layer is firmly bonded to the hole wall and can withstand the slight external impact during manual filling.

[0011] Further, in step S4, the portable plant granules contain 10%-20% of the total mass of the expanding minerals and 0.5%-1% of the total mass of the dispersant. The expanding minerals are selected from at least one of bentonite, vermiculite, and perlite, and the dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate. The expanding minerals expand in volume upon contact with water, significantly enhancing the expansion characteristics of the plant granules. Their porous structure also improves air permeability and water retention, forming a synergistic effect with wood fibers and cellulose fibers. The dispersant prevents the fibers from clumping due to adhesive action, ensuring that the plant granules are evenly dispersed after contact with water, covering the inner walls of the pores and avoiding localized water accumulation or poor air permeability. The 10%-20% ratio of expanding minerals and the 0.5%-1% ratio of dispersant balance the expansion effect, dispersibility, and structural stability, preventing both excessive expansion leading to matrix loosening and insufficient dispersant causing clumping.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the volume ratio of the portable plant granules to the slow-release fertilizer is 4:1-6:1, and the filling depth after mixing is 8-15cm. This volume ratio achieves a balance between substrate support and nutrient supply, ensuring that the plant granules form a stable fibrous substrate structure while continuously releasing nutrients through the slow-release fertilizer to meet the long-term needs of plant seed germination and seedling growth, avoiding excessive nutrient burning or insufficient nutrient leading to slow growth; the filling depth of 8-15cm matches the depth of the seed holes, ensuring that the plant material completely fills the bottom of the holes, providing a stable growth base for plant seeds, while reserving space for plant seeds.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the portable plant granules and slow-release fertilizer are filled by manual stuffing or pre-filled into thin-walled plastic tubes and poured into the seed holes. After filling, the portable plant granules are pre-moistened by manual spraying of water, causing them to expand and solidify to form a fiber covering layer. Manual stuffing is suitable for scattered, small-scale operations, while pre-filled tubes are suitable for batch, high-efficiency operations. Both methods flexibly adapt to different construction scenarios. Manual pre-moistening by spraying water can promote the rapid expansion of the plant granules, allowing them to adhere tightly to the seed hole wall and form a stable fiber covering layer. This not only prevents plant seeds from falling out during subsequent filling but also stores moisture in advance, creating favorable conditions for plant seed germination and reducing the risk of substrate loss.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S5, a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds are mixed to obtain a mixed seed mixture, mainly composed of shrub seeds and supplemented with herbaceous seeds, with shrub seeds accounting for 60%-70% and herbaceous seeds accounting for 30%-40%. The dominant proportion of shrub seeds can form a stable deep-rooted shrub core, improving the long-term stability of the slope; herbaceous seeds germinate quickly and cover rapidly, enabling rapid coverage of the slope in the early stages, reducing the erosion of the seed-forming hole matrix by rainwater. The two form a synergistic effect of short-term coverage and long-term stability; the scientific ratio of the two can avoid the problem of excessive herbaceous growth inhibiting shrub growth, or shrub growth being too slow, resulting in gaps in the early slope protection.

[0015] Furthermore, the mixed seeds include at least five species selected from *Haloxylon ammodendron*, *Vitex negundo*, *Indigofera tinctoria*, *Lespedeza bicolor*, *Pyracantha fortuneana*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Festuca granatum*, and *Eleusine indica*. The types and proportions of plant seeds are adjusted according to the climate and native vegetation distribution characteristics of the slope area. These plant seeds have the advantages of strong stress resistance and wide adaptability, and can adapt to the fractured rock mass environment under different climatic conditions. The types and proportions are adjusted according to the regional climate (such as arid or humid) and native vegetation type to specifically improve the vegetation's adaptability to the local environment.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S6, artificial watering is only carried out once during periods of continuous drought exceeding 30 days. Regular monitoring is discontinued once vegetation coverage reaches 15% or more, relying on natural succession to maintain vegetation stability. The watering threshold of more than 30 days of continuous drought avoids increasing costs through frequent artificial intervention and prevents seedling death caused by extreme drought. Atomized watering avoids excessive water flow that could wash away the substrate and seedlings. When vegetation coverage reaches 15% or more, the vegetation has formed a preliminary protective capacity, and discontinuing regular monitoring further reduces maintenance costs. At the same time, relying on natural succession aligns with the core concept of ecological restoration, ensuring the formation of a stable vegetation community that is in harmony with the native ecosystem. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of vegetation restoration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the live holes in the fracture region according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The diagram labels in the instruction manual include: 1. Slope, 2. Plant seed, 3. Type I fissure area, 4. Type Y fissure area, 5. Slow-release fertilizer, 6. Portable plant granules, 7. Seed hole. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles 6, comprising the following steps: S1. Rock slope surface cleaning: Manually remove dangerous rock fragments and loose boulders from the surface of slope 1 to eliminate construction safety hazards, and simultaneously record the slope runoff path, fissure area distribution and debris accumulation area. S2. Drilling of fissure seed holes: Seed holes 7 are arranged in the fissure area and debris accumulation area on the slope runoff path. The seed holes 7 are artificially constructed seed holes for accommodating portable planting particles 6, slow-release fertilizer 5 and plant seeds 2, and for the plant seeds 2 to germinate and grow into seedlings. S3. Pretreatment of raw holes: Spray a composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate onto the inner wall of raw hole 7, and allow it to air dry naturally after spraying to form a breathable adhesive layer. S4. Loading of slow-release fertilizer and portable plant pellets: The portable plant pellets 6 are mixed with the slow-release fertilizer 5 and then filled into the solid hole 7. The portable plant pellets 6 include wood fiber, cellulose fiber, adhesive, and at least one expanding mineral and at least one dispersant. They have the characteristics of swelling and dispersing when exposed to water and being loose and breathable. S5. Plant seed filling: Select a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds 2 and fill them into the seed holes 7, covering the surface of the portable plant granules 6. S6. Maintenance and Management: Based on natural rainfall or artificial watering, the water storage and retention function of the portable plant granules 6 is used to provide water for the germination of plant seeds 2. The plant growth status is monitored regularly, and a stable deep-rooted shrub vegetation is formed through natural competition among species.

[0022] Furthermore, the fracture region includes a type I fracture region 3 and a type Y fracture region 4.

[0023] Furthermore, the actual holes 7 are manually constructed using portable drilling equipment. The diameter, depth, and spacing between the actual holes 7 are adjusted according to the slope: when the slope is less than or equal to 40°, the spacing between the actual holes 7 is 20-25cm, the diameter is 30-35mm, and the depth is 10-15cm; when the slope is greater than 40°, the spacing between the actual holes 7 is 25-30cm, the diameter is 35-40mm, and the depth is 15-20cm.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, the mass concentration of the composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is 1%-2%, the spraying amount is 5-10 mL per hole, and the natural air drying time is 3-6 hours.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S4, in the portable plant granules 6, the expanding mineral accounts for 10%-20% of the total mass of the plant granules, and the dispersant accounts for 0.5%-1% of the total mass of the plant granules; the expanding mineral is selected from at least one of bentonite, vermiculite, and perlite, and the dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, the volume ratio of the portable plant granules 6 to the slow-release fertilizer 5 is 4:1-6:1, and the filling depth after mixing is 8-15cm.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S4, the portable plant granules 6 and the slow-release fertilizer 5 are filled by manual stuffing or pre-filled in thin-walled plastic tubing and poured into the solid hole 7. After filling, the portable plant granules 6 are pre-moistened by manual spraying of water to expand and fix them to form a fiber covering layer.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S5, a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds 2 are selected and mixed to obtain a mixed seed with shrub seeds as the main component and herb seeds as the auxiliary component, wherein the shrub seeds account for 60%-70% and the herb seeds account for 30%-40%.

[0029] Furthermore, the mixed seeds include at least five species from the following: horse chestnut, vitex, indigofera, lespedeza, firethorn, barn grass, tall fescue, and goosegrass. The types and proportions of plant seeds are adjusted according to the climate and native vegetation distribution characteristics of the area where slope 1 is located.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S6, artificial watering is only carried out once when there is a continuous drought of more than 30 days. Regular monitoring is stopped after the vegetation coverage reaches more than 15%, and vegetation stability is maintained by natural succession.

[0031] In this embodiment, a conglomerate slope with a height of 5m and a slope of 60° (greater than 40°) is used for further illustration. The specific steps are as follows: S1. Rock Slope Cleaning: Workers wearing safety protective equipment and secured with safety ropes will carry out slope cleaning operations. They will manually remove individual unstable rocks and loose boulders from the surface of slope 1 one by one, and collect the cleaned rocks in a safe area at the bottom of the slope to prevent them from rolling down and causing safety hazards. At the same time, by visual observation combined with a simple slope measuring instrument, two main runoff paths on the slope will be identified and marked with red paint. By gently tapping the rock mass with a small hammer, the specific locations of type I fracture area 3 (longitudinal extension) and type Y fracture area 3 (intersecting distribution) will be identified and marked. The distribution range of four debris accumulation areas (local pits) on the slope will also be recorded to provide accurate targeting basis for the subsequent deployment of borehole 7.

[0032] S2. Drilling of Fractured Holes: A portable rechargeable drilling machine (with a 37mm drill bit) is used. The operator holds the equipment and lays out the drilled holes 7 along the marked fracture area and debris accumulation area. The spacing of the drilled holes 7 is set at 27cm, the hole diameter is 37mm, and the hole depth is 17cm. After drilling each hole, use a stiff brush to remove any residual rock cuttings inside the hole to ensure that the hole wall is clean, free of debris, and the hole is unobstructed.

[0033] S3. Pretreatment of raw wells: Prepare a 1.5% composite aqueous solution by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate in a 1:1 mass ratio. After stirring evenly, let it stand for 25 minutes to ensure that the two solutes are completely dissolved without clumping or precipitation. Using a 10mL manual metering spray bottle, spray about 7mL of the composite aqueous solution evenly onto the inner wall of each raw well. Rotate the nozzle slowly during spraying to ensure full coverage of the upper, middle, and lower parts of the well wall without any blind spots. After spraying, air dry for about 5 hours under natural ventilation to form a breathable adhesive layer.

[0034] S4. Slow-release fertilizer and portable plant pellet filling: Portable plant pellets 6 with a diameter of 6mm and a length of 10mm are selected. The composition and mass ratio of the pellets are 32% wood fiber, 24% cellulose fiber, 9% binder, 16% perlite, 0.7% naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and the remainder is inert filler. The portable plant pellets 6 are mixed with long-acting slow-release granular fertilizer 5 at a volume ratio of 5:1. The mixing process is carried out by gentle manual stirring to prevent damage to the plant pellets. During filling, densely fissured areas are filled manually to ensure that the plant pellets fit tightly against the hole walls. Open areas are filled by pouring in a pre-installed thin-walled plastic hose (35mm in diameter and 15cm in length) to improve filling efficiency. The filling depth of the mixture is controlled at 13cm. After filling, 14mL of water is sprayed manually into each solid hole 7 to pre-moisten it, so that the portable plant pellets 6 expand rapidly and fit tightly against the hole walls and the breathable adhesive layer to form a dense and stable fiber covering layer without looseness or gaps.

[0035] S5. Plant Seed Filling: Select a mixed seed mixture consisting of shrub seeds (65% total) such as *Rhizoma Cynanchi*, *Vitex negundo*, *Indigofera tinctoria*, *Lespedeza bicolor*, and *Pyracantha fortuneana*, and herbs such as *Herba Barkhampa*, *Ferula tallica*, and *Eleusine indica* (35% total). The mixed seeds are then evenly filled into the seed holes 7 by hand-scattering, covering the surface of the portable plant granules 6. The seed coverage thickness is approximately 0.9 cm, with even distribution and no local accumulation, to avoid affecting the germination rate.

[0036] S6. Maintenance and Management: After construction, on-site monitoring will be conducted every 25 days to record the substrate moisture content, seed germination status, and seedling height in the seedling holes 7. Daily watering will rely on natural rainfall. In the 2.5 months after construction, if there is a continuous drought for more than 30 days, artificial humidification will be carried out once using a backpack atomizer, spraying 18mL of atomized water per hole to avoid substrate loss or seedling lodging caused by water flow impact. In the 4.5 months after construction, the vegetation coverage will be tested on-site using the grid method. If the result exceeds 15%, regular monitoring will be stopped. At this time, the root system has penetrated the breathable bonding layer and penetrated into the rock fissures 4-6cm deep. Herbaceous vegetation has achieved initial coverage of the slope, successfully forming a stable vegetation community with deep-rooted shrubs as the core and herbaceous plants as the auxiliary, effectively improving the ecological stability and landscape harmony of slope 1.

[0037] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Rock slope surface cleaning: Manually remove dangerous rock fragments and loose boulders from the slope surface to eliminate construction safety hazards, and simultaneously record the slope runoff path, fissure area distribution and debris accumulation area. S2. Drilling of fissure seed holes: Seed holes are laid in the fissure areas and debris accumulation areas along the slope runoff path. The seed holes are artificially constructed seed holes used to contain portable planting particles, slow-release fertilizer and plant seeds, and to allow the plant seeds to germinate and grow into seedlings. S3. Pretreatment of raw holes: Spray a composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate onto the inner wall of the raw holes, and allow it to air dry naturally after spraying to form a breathable adhesive layer. S4. Loading of slow-release fertilizer and portable plant pellets: The portable plant pellets are mixed with slow-release fertilizer and then filled into the seed holes. The portable plant pellets include wood fiber, cellulose fiber, adhesive, at least one expanding mineral and at least one dispersant, and have the characteristics of swelling and dispersing upon contact with water and being loose and breathable. S5. Plant seed filling: Select a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds, mix them, fill the seed holes, and cover the surface of the portable plant granules. S6. Maintenance and Management: Based on natural rainfall or artificial watering, the water storage and retention function of portable plant granules is used to provide water for plant seed germination. The plant growth status is monitored regularly, and a stable deep-rooted shrub vegetation is formed through natural competition among species.

2. The method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fractured region includes type I fractured regions and type Y fractured regions.

3. The method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The generated holes are manually constructed using portable drilling equipment. The diameter, depth, and spacing between the generated holes are adjusted according to the slope: when the slope is less than or equal to 40°, the spacing between the generated holes is 20-25cm, the diameter is 30-35mm, and the depth is 10-15cm; when the slope is greater than 40°, the spacing between the generated holes is 25-30cm, the diameter is 35-40mm, and the depth is 15-20cm.

4. The method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the mass concentration of the composite aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is 1%-2%, the spraying amount is 5-10 mL per hole, and the natural air drying time is 3-6 hours.

5. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the portable plant granules contain 10%-20% of the total mass of the expanded minerals and 0.5%-1% of the total mass of the plant granules; the expanded minerals are selected from at least one of bentonite, vermiculite, and perlite, and the dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate.

6. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the volume ratio of portable plant granules to slow-release fertilizer is 4:1-6:1, and the filling depth after mixing is 8-15cm.

7. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the portable plant granules and slow-release fertilizer are filled by manual stuffing or pre-filled in thin-walled plastic tubes and poured into the solid holes. After filling, they are pre-moistened by manual spraying of water to allow the portable plant granules to expand and fix to form a fiber covering layer.

8. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, a variety of deep-rooted native plant seeds are selected and mixed to obtain a mixed seed with shrub seeds as the main component and herb seeds as the auxiliary component, wherein shrub seeds account for 60%-70% and herb seeds account for 30%-40%.

9. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mixed seeds include at least five species from the following: horse chestnut, vitex, indigofera, lespedeza, firethorn, barn grass, tall fescue, and goosegrass. The types and proportions of plant seeds are adjusted according to the climate and native vegetation distribution characteristics of the slope area.

10. A method for vegetation restoration in fractured rock masses based on portable vegetation particles according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S6, artificial watering is carried out only once when there is a continuous drought of more than 30 days. Regular monitoring is stopped after the vegetation coverage reaches more than 15%, and vegetation stability is maintained by natural succession.

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