Non-grain animal feed and preparation method thereof
By combining segmented temperature-controlled solid-state fermentation with directional enzymatic hydrolysis, the degradation and anti-nutritional factors of non-grain feeds have been solved, achieving efficient utilization of non-grain raw materials and excellent breeding performance of fattening cattle, while reducing production costs and the risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GANSU YANGLIU QINGMUCAI FORAGE DEV CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing non-grain feeds have problems such as being rich in anti-nutritional factors, being difficult to degrade efficiently, having long fermentation cycles, being at high risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, having high production costs, and being difficult to adapt to large-scale continuous production. As a result, animals have low digestibility and absorption rates, insufficient crude protein content in feeds, and unbalanced amino acid composition, and they cannot completely replace traditional grain feeds.
A segmented temperature-controlled solid-state fermentation coupled with directional enzymatic hydrolysis process is adopted. Using compound fermentation agents and compound enzyme preparations, the aerobic fermentation achieves the initial degradation of lignocellulose and the synthesis of microbial protein. Combined with anaerobic fermentation and directional enzymatic hydrolysis, anti-nutritional factors are further degraded. Nutritional balance additives are added to prepare non-grain animal feed.
It achieves efficient degradation of non-grain raw materials and synthesis of microbial protein, reduces production costs, improves the nutritional balance of feed and the digestibility and absorption rate of animals, and significantly enhances the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of fattening cattle.
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Figure CN121817337A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a non-grain animal feed and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Developing non-grain feed ingredients and realizing the high-value utilization of agricultural and food industry by-products is crucial for alleviating the supply and demand imbalance of feed grains and reducing breeding costs. Currently, the development and application of non-grain feeds still face several technical bottlenecks: First, non-grain raw materials are mostly edible fungus residues, brewing lees, crop straw, and fruit and vegetable processing by-products, which generally have high crude fiber content, difficult-to-degrade lignin and cellulose, and are rich in anti-nutritional factors such as tannins and phytic acid. Direct feeding can lead to low digestibility and absorption rates in animals, and even affect intestinal health. Second, existing non-grain feed processing technologies are mostly simple crushing, cooking, or single-strain fermentation, which cannot efficiently degrade anti-nutritional factors or achieve efficient synthesis of microbial protein, resulting in insufficient crude protein content and an unbalanced amino acid composition, making it impossible to completely replace traditional grain feeds. Third, some non-grain feed processes suffer from long fermentation cycles, high risk of contamination by other microorganisms, high energy consumption, high production costs, and difficulty in adapting to large-scale continuous production, limiting their widespread application. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a non-grain-based animal feed and its preparation method.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a non-grain animal feed, characterized in that, by weight, it comprises the following raw material components: 80-95 parts of non-grain base substrate, 0.3-1.2 parts of compound fermentation agent, 0.2-0.8 parts of compound enzyme preparation, and 2-8 parts of nutritional balance additive.
[0005] Preferably, the non-grain base substrate, by weight, includes 20-35 parts of enoki mushroom substrate, 15-30 parts of distiller's grains, 10-25 parts of corn stalk powder, 10-20 parts of apple pomace, and 5-15 parts of beet pulp.
[0006] Preferably, the compound fermentation agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei, with a viable count ratio of (2-3):(1-2):(2-3):(1-2), and the total viable count of the agent is ≥1×10^10 CFU / g.
[0007] Preferably, the compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, xylanase, phytase and pectinase, with the enzyme activity ratio of the four being (3-4):(2-3):(1-2):(1-2), and the total enzyme activity of the preparation is ≥5×10^4 U / g.
[0008] Preferably, the nutritional balance additive comprises, by weight, 0.5-2 parts bentonite, 0.5-1.5 parts stone powder, 0.3-1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 parts salt, 0.3-1.2 parts L-lysine, and 0.2-0.8 parts DL-methionine.
[0009] The method for preparing the non-grain-type animal feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1 Raw Material Pretreatment: Crush each component of the non-grain base substrate separately, pass them through a 40-60 mesh sieve, mix them evenly according to the ratio, adjust the moisture content of the material to 40%-55%, sterilize them, and obtain the fermentation substrate. S2 strain activation: Each strain of the compound fermentation agent is inoculated into the corresponding culture medium for activation culture to prepare seed liquid of each strain. The mixture is then mixed evenly according to the ratio to obtain compound bacterial liquid. S3 solid-state fermentation: Inoculate the compound bacterial solution into the fermentation substrate at an inoculation rate of 2%-5%, mix well, and place it in a solid-state fermentation tank. Ferment in stages with controlled temperature to obtain fermented material. S4 Coupled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Add a compound enzyme preparation to the fermentation material, adjust the pH of the system to 4.5-6.0, incubate for enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fermentation material; S5 Post-processing: The enzymatically hydrolyzed fermented material is dried at low temperature to a moisture content of ≤12%, a nutrient balance additive is added, and after being mixed evenly, it is granulated to obtain the non-grain animal feed.
[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the sterilization process is high-pressure steam sterilization at 115°C for 20-30 minutes.
[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the segmented temperature-controlled fermentation specifically involves: first, aerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 24-36 hours, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 35-38℃ for 48-72 hours.
[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45-55℃ and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 12-24h.
[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the temperature of the low-temperature drying is 40-50°C.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, non-grain raw materials are used entirely, with edible fungus lees, brewing lees, crop straw, and fruit and vegetable processing by-products as the core substrates, completely replacing traditional grain feed raw materials such as corn and soybean meal. This not only realizes the high-value utilization of agricultural and food industry waste, but also significantly reduces feed production costs and effectively alleviates the contradiction between feed grain supply and demand.
[0015] 2. In this invention, a segmented temperature-controlled solid-state fermentation and directional enzymatic hydrolysis coupled process is adopted. First, aerobic fermentation is used to achieve the initial degradation of lignocellulose and the large-scale proliferation of functional bacteria. Then, anaerobic fermentation is used to achieve the synthesis of bacterial protein and the accumulation of organic acids. Finally, directional enzymatic hydrolysis is used to further degrade anti-nutritional factors.
[0016] 3. This invention significantly improves the processing efficiency of non-grain raw materials through the precise ratio and synergistic effect of compound fermentation agents and compound enzyme preparations. It has a short fermentation cycle, low risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, and achieves a complete balance of feed nutrition through nutritional balance additives, which can be directly used in livestock and poultry farming. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flowchart of a non-grain animal feed and its preparation method. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. Example
[0019] The non-grain animal feed of this embodiment, by weight, consists of the following raw material components: 88 parts non-grain base substrate, 0.8 parts compound fermentation agent, 0.5 parts compound enzyme preparation, and 10.7 parts nutritional balance additive.
[0020] The non-grain substrates, by weight, include 30 parts of enoki mushroom substrate, 25 parts of distiller's grains, 15 parts of corn stalk powder, 12 parts of apple pomace, and 6 parts of beet pulp; the ratio of viable bacteria in the compound fermentation agent (Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei) is 2:1:2:1, with a total viable bacteria count of 1.2 × 10^10 CFU / g; the ratio of cellulase, xylanase, phytase, and pectinase in the compound enzyme preparation is 3:2:1:1, with a total enzyme activity of 6 × 10^4 U / g; and the nutrient balance additives, by weight, include 1 part of bentonite, 1 part of limestone powder, 0.8 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of salt, 0.9 parts of L-lysine, and 0.7 parts of DL-methionine.
[0021] The preparation method of non-grain animal feed in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1 Raw material pretreatment: each component of the non-grain base substrate is crushed separately, passed through a 40-mesh sieve, mixed evenly according to the ratio, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 50% by deionized water, sterilized by high-pressure steam at 115℃ for 25 minutes, and cooled to room temperature to obtain fermentation substrate; S2 strain activation: Each strain of the compound fermentation agent was inoculated into the corresponding MRS, YPD, LB and PDA mediums, and activated at 30℃ to the logarithmic growth phase to prepare seed liquids of each strain. The seed liquids were then mixed evenly according to the live cell count ratio to obtain the compound bacterial solution. S3 solid-state fermentation: The compound bacterial solution is inoculated into the fermentation substrate at an inoculation rate of 3%, and after being thoroughly mixed, it is placed in a solid-state fermentation tank. First, it is aerobic fermented at 30℃ for 30 hours, and then anaerobic fermented at 37℃ for 60 hours to obtain the fermented material. S4 Coupled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A compound enzyme preparation was added to the fermentation material, the pH of the system was adjusted to 5.0 using a citrate-sodium citrate buffer solution, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50℃ for 18 hours to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fermentation material. S5 post-processing: The enzymatically hydrolyzed fermented material is dried at a low temperature of 45℃ to a moisture content of 10%, a nutrient balance additive is added, and the mixture is placed in a twin-shaft mixer and mixed evenly. The mixture is then granulated by a pellet mill to obtain non-grain animal feed. Example
[0022] The non-grain animal feed of this embodiment, by weight, consists of the following raw material components: 92 parts non-grain base substrate, 0.5 parts compound fermentation agent, 0.3 parts compound enzyme preparation, and 7.2 parts nutritional balance additive.
[0023] The non-grain substrates, by weight, include 25 parts of enoki mushroom substrate, 22 parts of distiller's grains, 20 parts of corn stalk powder, 15 parts of apple pomace, and 10 parts of beet pulp; the compound fermentation agent contains Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei in a ratio of 3:2:3:2, with a total viable count of 1.5 × 10^10 CFU / g; the compound enzyme preparation contains cellulase, xylanase, phytase, and pectinase in a ratio of 4:3:2:2, with a total enzyme activity of 8 × 10^4 U / g; and the nutrient balance additives, by weight, include 1.5 parts of bentonite, 1.2 parts of limestone powder, 0.6 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 0.4 parts of salt, 0.8 parts of L-lysine, and 0.5 parts of DL-methionine.
[0024] The method for preparing non-grain-type animal feed in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1 Raw Material Pretreatment: Crush each component of the non-grain base substrate separately, pass them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them evenly according to the ratio, adjust the moisture content of the material to 45% with deionized water, sterilize with high-pressure steam at 115℃ for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation substrate; S2 strain activation: Same as in Example 1; S3 solid-state fermentation: The compound bacterial solution is inoculated into the fermentation substrate at an inoculation rate of 4%, and after being thoroughly mixed, it is placed in a solid-state fermentation tank. First, it is aerobic fermented at 32℃ for 24 hours, and then anaerobic fermented at 38℃ for 48 hours to obtain the fermented material. S4 Coupled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A compound enzyme preparation was added to the fermentation material, the pH of the system was adjusted to 5.5 using a citrate-sodium citrate buffer solution, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 55℃ for 12 hours to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fermentation material. S5 post-processing: The enzymatically hydrolyzed fermented material is dried at a low temperature of 50℃ to a moisture content of 11%, a nutrient balance additive is added, and the mixture is placed in a twin-shaft mixer and mixed evenly. The mixture is then granulated by a pellet mill to obtain non-grain animal feed. Example
[0025] The non-grain animal feed of this embodiment, by weight, consists of the following raw material components: 82 parts non-grain base substrate, 1.0 part compound fermentation agent, 0.7 parts compound enzyme preparation, and 16.3 parts nutritional balance additive.
[0026] The non-grain substrates, by weight, include 35 parts of enoki mushroom substrate, 20 parts of distiller's grains, 12 parts of corn stalk powder, 10 parts of apple pomace, and 5 parts of beet pulp; the ratio of viable bacteria in the compound fermentation agent (Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei) is 2.5:1.5:2.5:1.5, with a total viable bacteria count of 1.0×10^10 CFU / g; the ratio of enzyme activity in the compound enzyme preparation (cellulase, xylanase, phytase, pectinase) is 3.5:2.5:1.5:1.5, with a total enzyme activity of 5×10^4 U / g; and the nutrient balance additives, by weight, include 0.8 parts of bentonite, 0.8 parts of limestone powder, 0.5 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 0.2 parts of salt, 1.0 part of L-lysine, and 0.6 parts of DL-methionine.
[0027] The method for preparing non-grain-type animal feed in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1 Raw Material Pretreatment: Crush each component of the non-grain base substrate separately, pass through a 40-mesh sieve, mix evenly according to the ratio, adjust the material moisture content to 55% with deionized water, sterilize with high-pressure steam at 115℃ for 20 minutes, cool to room temperature, and obtain the fermentation substrate; S2 strain activation: Same as in Example 1; S3 solid-state fermentation: The compound bacterial solution is inoculated into the fermentation substrate at an inoculation rate of 2%, and after being thoroughly mixed, it is placed in a solid-state fermentation tank. First, it is aerobic fermented at 28℃ for 36 hours, and then anaerobic fermented at 35℃ for 72 hours to obtain the fermented material. S4 Coupled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A compound enzyme preparation was added to the fermentation material, the pH of the system was adjusted to 4.5 using a citrate-sodium citrate buffer solution, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 45℃ for 24 hours to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fermentation material. S5 post-processing: The enzymatically hydrolyzed fermented material is dried at a low temperature of 40℃ to a moisture content of 9%, a nutrient balance additive is added, and the mixture is placed in a twin-shaft mixer and mixed evenly. The mixture is then granulated by a pellet mill to obtain non-grain animal feed.
[0028] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is a traditional corn and soybean meal type complete feed. The raw material composition is: 62 parts corn, 25 parts soybean meal, 8 parts wheat bran, and 5 parts premix, which is a commercially available conventional complete feed for fattening cattle.
[0029] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example is a non-grain feed that has not undergone fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The raw material composition is completely consistent with that of Example 1. The preparation method is only raw material crushing and mixing, sterilization, drying and granulation, without fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis.
[0030] Comparative Example 3 is a non-grain feed that was fermented but not enzymatically hydrolyzed. The raw material composition is completely the same as that of Example 1. The preparation method omits the coupled enzymatic hydrolysis step S4, and the remaining steps are exactly the same as those of Example 1.
[0031] Comparative Example 4 is a non-grain feed that has only undergone enzymatic hydrolysis and has not been fermented. The raw material composition is completely the same as that of Example 1. The solid-state fermentation process in step S3 is omitted from the preparation method, and the remaining steps are exactly the same as those of Example 1.
[0032] Experimental verification Feed nutrient index testing: Routine nutrient index testing was performed on the feeds of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0033] Table 1 Results of feed nutrient index testing for each group Group Crude protein (%) Crude fiber (%) Lysine (%) Methionine (%) calcium(%) Total phosphorus (%) Example 1 19.2 5.8 0.98 0.56 0.72 0.58 Example 2 18.5 6.3 0.92 0.51 0.68 0.55 Example 3 19.8 5.5 1.05 0.59 0.75 0.60 Comparative Example 1 17.8 3.2 0.85 0.48 0.65 0.52 Comparative Example 2 11.3 14.6 0.32 0.21 0.41 0.28 Comparative Example 3 16.5 8.9 0.71 0.40 0.58 0.45 Comparative Example 4 12.1 10.2 0.38 0.25 0.43 0.30 As can be seen from Table 1, the crude protein content of the feeds in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is significantly higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-4, and the crude fiber content is significantly lower than that in the raw materials. The content of essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine, as well as calcium and phosphorus, all meet the nutritional requirements of fattening cattle complete feed. The nutritional indicators are better than those of traditional corn and soybean meal type complete feed, which verifies the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention.
[0034] Seventy Simmental × local yellow cattle F1 generation fattening cattle of similar weight and good health were selected for the animal breeding experiment and randomly divided into 7 groups of 10 cattle each. They were fed the feeds of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. The pre-trial period was 15 days and the formal trial period was 60 days. During the experiment, the cattle had free access to feed and water, and routine deworming, immunization and pen feeding management were carried out. The initial weight, final weight and feed intake of each group were recorded. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0035] Table 2 Results of fattening cattle breeding performance in each group Group Initial body weight (kg) Final weight (kg) Average daily weight gain (g / d) Average daily feed intake (kg / d) Meat-to-fat ratio Example 1 300.5±8.2 378.6±9.5 1301.7±32.4 7.52±0.21 5.78 Example 2 300.2±7.8 375.3±9.1 1251.7±30.6 7.45±0.20 5.95 Example 3 300.4±8.5 380.2±9.8 1330.0±33.5 7.58±0.22 5.70 Comparative Example 1 300.3±8.1 366.1±9.2 1096.7±28.3 7.68±0.21 7.00 Comparative Example 2 300.4±7.9 332.5±8.5 535.0±22.1 6.85±0.19 12.80 Comparative Example 3 300.2±8.0 354.4±8.8 903.3±25.7 7.32±0.20 8.10 Comparative Example 4 300.3±7.7 339.3±8.6 650.0±23.2 7.02±0.19 10.80 As can be seen from Table 2, the average daily weight gain of fattening cattle fed in Examples 1-3 of the present invention was significantly higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-4, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in the comparative examples. The breeding effect was better than that of traditional corn and soybean meal type complete feed. In contrast, the breeding effect of non-grain feeds that were not fermented and enzymatically hydrolyzed, or only fermented or only enzymatically hydrolyzed was extremely poor. This further verifies the synergistic effect of the compound fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis coupling process of the present invention, as well as the excellent breeding performance of the feed.
[0036] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A non-grain-type animal feed, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw material components: 80-95 parts of non-grain base substrate, 0.3-1.2 parts of compound fermentation agent, 0.2-0.8 parts of compound enzyme preparation, and 2-8 parts of nutritional balance additive.
2. The non-grain-type animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-grain substrate, by weight, includes 20-35 parts of enoki mushroom substrate, 15-30 parts of distiller's grains, 10-25 parts of corn stalk powder, 10-20 parts of apple pomace, and 5-15 parts of beet pulp.
3. The non-grain-type animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound fermentation agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma reesei, with a viable count ratio of (2-3):(1-2):(2-3):(1-2), and the total viable count of the agent is ≥1×10^10 CFU / g.
4. The non-grain-type animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, xylanase, phytase and pectinase, with an enzyme activity ratio of (3-4):(2-3):(1-2):(1-2), and the total enzyme activity of the preparation is ≥5×10^4 U / g.
5. The non-grain-type animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutritional balance additive, by weight, includes 0.5-2 parts bentonite, 0.5-1.5 parts stone powder, 0.3-1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 parts salt, 0.3-1.2 parts L-lysine, and 0.2-0.8 parts DL-methionine.
6. A method for preparing a non-grain-type animal feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Raw Material Pretreatment: Crush each component of the non-grain base substrate separately, pass them through a 40-60 mesh sieve, mix them evenly according to the ratio, adjust the moisture content of the material to 40%-55%, sterilize them, and obtain the fermentation substrate. S2 strain activation: Each strain of the compound fermentation agent is inoculated into the corresponding culture medium for activation culture to prepare seed liquid of each strain. The mixture is then mixed evenly according to the ratio to obtain compound bacterial liquid. S3 solid-state fermentation: Inoculate the compound bacterial solution into the fermentation substrate at an inoculation rate of 2%-5%, mix well, and place it in a solid-state fermentation tank. Ferment in stages with controlled temperature to obtain fermented material. S4 Coupled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Add a compound enzyme preparation to the fermentation material, adjust the pH of the system to 4.5-6.0, incubate for enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fermentation material; S5 Post-processing: The enzymatically hydrolyzed fermented material is dried at low temperature to a moisture content of ≤12%, a nutrient balance additive is added, and after being mixed evenly, it is granulated to obtain the non-grain animal feed.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the sterilization process is high-pressure steam sterilization at 115°C for 20-30 minutes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the segmented temperature-controlled fermentation specifically involves: first, aerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 24-36 hours, followed by anaerobic fermentation at 35-38℃ for 48-72 hours.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45-55℃ and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 12-24h.
10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, the temperature of the low-temperature drying is 40-50℃.