Minimally invasive bone transplantation equipment and bone taking method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses bone transplantation minimally invasive equipment and a bone taking method thereof, and belongs to the field of medical instruments. The hollow drill bit is used for drilling bone tissue, meanwhile, the drilled bone tissue and bone marrow are collected through negative pressure suction, the purpose of fully automatically obtaining autogenous bone and bone marrow through a minimally invasive channel is achieved, and effective separation and independent collection of solid bone tissue and bone marrow are achieved. According to the invention, the drilled bone tissue material is directly adsorbed and collected into the first collecting cavity under negative pressure, so that mechanical damage and thermal damage to the bone tissue in the process of collecting and conveying the bone tissue material by adopting a spiral conveying mechanism and other mechanical mechanisms are avoided. According to the bone taking method implemented by adopting the bone transplantation minimally invasive equipment, effective bioactive components such as stem cells and growth factors in the separated bone marrow can be quickly enriched in artificial bones or autogenous bones in the process of obtaining bone transplantation materials, so that the biological activity of the artificial bones or the autogenous bones is achieved; the synchronous implementation of the biological activity recovery of the artificial bone and the acquisition of the bone tissue material is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical devices and relates to minimally invasive bone transplantation technology, particularly to a novel minimally invasive bone transplantation device and its bone harvesting method. Background Technology

[0002] Autologous bone grafting refers to the transplantation of bone tissue from a suitable donor site on the patient's own body to the site of bone loss. In traditional autologous bone grafting surgery, the autologous bone is usually taken from the anterior or posterior iliac crest, or from the femur, distal radius, proximal ulna, and proximal tibia. To obtain a small amount of cancellous bone graft, the bone surface is usually fully exposed first, then a portion of the cortical bone is removed with an osteotome to create a bone window, and finally the cancellous bone within the bone window is extracted with a bone curette. However, the above-mentioned autologous bone grafting surgery is complex, resulting in a long operation time. Furthermore, the open surgical approach leads to a high incidence of serious complications at the donor site.

[0003] To address the problems associated with traditional open surgery, existing publicly available information proposes minimally invasive bone harvesting devices. These devices primarily utilize a drive control system to propel a small-diameter sleeve and blade to cut (or grind) bone tissue. A spiral conveyor connected to the blade directionally transports granular or mud-like bone tissue to a collection chamber, thus collecting autologous bone. While this minimally invasive bone harvesting device achieves non-open, minimally invasive bone harvesting, it still suffers from the following technical limitations: The method of bone harvesting by combining cutting (or grinding) with spiral conveying can only obtain granular or mud-like bone graft materials. The bone tissue and bone marrow are mixed and cannot be separated, which limits the application methods and application scenarios of bone graft materials. 2. The heat generated by the cutting (or grinding) of the cutting tool and the mechanical movement of the screw conveyor can destroy the osteogenic active components in the autologous bone, thereby reducing the bone growth-inducing and osteogenic properties of the autologous bone. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel minimally invasive bone grafting device and its bone harvesting method. It uses a hollow drill bit to extract cancellous bone from a bone window and uses negative pressure suction to collect the extracted bone graft material and separate the bone marrow. This allows for efficient separation of bone tissue and bone marrow, increases the application scenarios and combination modes of bone graft materials, and solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: On one hand, the present invention provides a minimally invasive bone grafting device, comprising: shell; The drilling mechanism includes a drill bit drive disposed on the housing and a hollow drill bit connected to the drill bit drive. The drill bit drive is used to drive the hollow drill bit to rotate so as to drill bone graft material using the distal end of the hollow drill bit. The hollow drill bit is hollow inside to transport the bone graft material. A collection mechanism, disposed on the housing, includes a first collection chamber, the inlet of which is rotatably and sealed to the proximal end of the hollow drill bit via a rotatable component to collect the bone graft material; A separation mechanism, disposed on the outer shell, includes an intercepting filter, a second collecting chamber, and a negative pressure chamber communicating with the second collecting chamber. The inlet of the second collecting chamber is connected to the outlet of the first collecting chamber, and the intercepting filter is disposed between the second collecting chamber and the first collecting chamber. The negative pressure chamber is used to connect to an external negative pressure source to negatively adsorb the bone graft material into the first collecting chamber and to negatively adsorb the bone marrow in the bone graft material into the second collecting chamber via the intercepting filter. A bone intercepting mesh is disposed at the connection between the second collecting chamber and the negative pressure chamber.

[0006] In some embodiments, the minimally invasive bone grafting device further includes a negative pressure source, and the negative pressure chamber is connected to the negative pressure source through a negative pressure channel; The negative pressure source is integrated into the outer casing; or, the negative pressure source is separately arranged from the outer casing and is located outside the outer casing.

[0007] In some embodiments, the negative pressure source is a negative pressure fan, a negative pressure pump, a vacuum machine, or a compressor.

[0008] In some embodiments, a negative pressure chamber shell is fitted around the outer periphery of the first collection chamber. The negative pressure chamber is an annular cavity formed between the negative pressure chamber shell and the outer wall of the first collection chamber, and the negative pressure chamber is detachably connected to the outer shell. The negative pressure chamber is detachably connected to the outer shell, and the interception filter is disposed at the outlet end of the first collection chamber; The negative pressure chamber is closed at one end of the inlet of the first collection chamber, and the negative pressure chamber is sealed at one end of the outlet of the first collection chamber and connected to the second collection chamber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the negative pressure chamber is sealed to the outer casing via an insertion or threaded connection.

[0010] In some embodiments, the rotatable component is a sealed bearing disposed at the proximal end of the hollow drill bit, the proximal end of the hollow drill bit being movably inserted into the inlet of the first collecting cavity, and being rotatably sealed to the inlet of the first collecting cavity by the sealed bearing; Alternatively, the rotatable component may be a collection channel, with its inlet end connected to the proximal end of the hollow drill bit, and its outlet end movably inserted into the inlet of the first collection chamber, and rotated and sealed with the inlet of the first collection chamber via a sealing bearing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the drill bit drive includes a rotary drive and a gear transmission assembly, the rotary drive being connected to the hollow drill bit via the gear transmission assembly.

[0012] In some embodiments, the distal end of the hollow drill bit is provided with a first cutting edge for longitudinal cutting and a second cutting edge for transverse cutting. The first cutting edge is capable of cutting bone tissue vertically, and the second cutting edge is capable of cutting bone tissue horizontally inward to sever the connection between bone tissue and surrounding tissue.

[0013] In some embodiments, the outer casing is a handheld gun-shaped casing, the drilling mechanism, the collecting mechanism and the separating mechanism are all disposed on the handheld gun-shaped casing, and the distal end of the hollow drill bit passes through the front end of the handheld gun-shaped casing and rotates with the front end of the handheld gun-shaped casing.

[0014] In some embodiments, the minimally invasive bone grafting device further includes a drill switch electrically connected to the drill drive, the drill switch being disposed on the outer wall of the handheld gun-shaped housing.

[0015] In some embodiments, the minimally invasive bone transplant device further includes a negative pressure switch that is communicatively connected to the negative pressure source, the negative pressure switch being disposed on the outer wall of the handheld gun-shaped housing.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a bone harvesting method for a minimally invasive bone grafting device as described in any of the above claims, wherein artificial bone or autologous bone is pre-placed in the second collection cavity so that, during the process of obtaining the bone graft material, the separated bone marrow is enriched on the artificial bone or autologous bone in the second collection cavity.

[0017] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: The minimally invasive bone grafting device proposed in this invention has a novel and reasonable structure. It uses a hollow drill bit to extract bone tissue and simultaneously uses negative pressure suction to collect the extracted bone tissue and bone marrow. This not only achieves the goal of fully automated acquisition of autologous bone and bone marrow through a minimally invasive channel, but also realizes the effective separation and independent collection of solid bone tissue and bone marrow, increasing the application scenarios and combination modes of bone grafting materials.

[0018] This invention can directly collect drilled bone tissue material into the first collection chamber by negative pressure adsorption, avoiding mechanical damage to bone tissue during the collection and transportation of bone tissue material using mechanical mechanisms such as spiral conveyors. At the same time, the hollow drill bit, the first collection chamber, the second collection chamber, and the negative pressure chamber are connected in sequence to form a negative pressure suction channel for transporting bone tissue material. Compared with mechanical mechanisms such as spiral conveyors, there is basically no mechanical heat generated, thereby reducing or even eliminating the thermal damage to bone tissue material caused by mechanical heat.

[0019] The aforementioned minimally invasive bone transplantation device of the present invention is mainly used for autologous bone transplantation to efficiently obtain autologous bone and bone marrow.

[0020] The bone harvesting method proposed in this invention, which utilizes the aforementioned minimally invasive bone grafting equipment, allows for the rapid enrichment of effective bioactive components such as stem cells and growth factors from the isolated bone marrow into artificial or autologous bone during the bone grafting process. This enables the artificial bone to achieve bioactivity similar to that of autologous bone, thus achieving simultaneous restoration of the bioactivity of the artificial bone and the acquisition of bone tissue material. This method is convenient, quick, and improves surgical efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout principle of the minimally invasive bone transplantation device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the minimally invasive bone transplantation device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure, the attached label is: 100 - Minimally invasive bone grafting equipment; 1-Outer casing; 11-Barrel; 12-Handle; 13-Drilling switch; 2-Drilling mechanism; 21-Hollow drill bit; 22-Rotary drive; 23-Driving bevel gear; 24-Driven bevel gear; 3-First collecting chamber; 4-Interception Filter; 5-Second collecting chamber; 6-Negative pressure chamber; 7-Bone Interception Net; 8-Negative pressure channel; 9-Acquisition Channel. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a novel minimally invasive bone grafting device, which uses a hollow drill bit to extract cancellous bone from within a bone window and employs negative pressure suction to collect the extracted bone graft material and separate the bone marrow. This allows for efficient separation of bone tissue and bone marrow, increases the application scenarios and combination modes of bone graft materials, and solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0027] Another objective of this invention is to provide a bone harvesting method based on the aforementioned minimally invasive bone transplantation device.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment proposes a minimally invasive bone grafting device 100, including a housing 1, a drilling mechanism 2, a collection mechanism, and a separation mechanism. The drilling mechanism 2 includes a drill drive disposed on the housing 1 and a hollow drill bit 21 connected to the drill drive. The drill drive is used to drive the hollow drill bit 21 to rotate, so as to drill bone graft material using the distal end of the hollow drill bit 21. The hollow drill bit 21 is hollow inside, and its internal cavity extends through both axial ends of the hollow drill bit 21 (i.e., the proximal end and the distal end of the hollow drill bit 21). The bone graft material drilled from the distal end of the hollow drill bit 21 can directly enter the cavity of the hollow drill bit 21, so as to utilize the hollow drill bit 21. The system delivers bone graft material while simultaneously enabling a closed-loop drilling process, preventing contamination from exposure to an open environment. A collection mechanism, located on the outer casing 1, includes a first collection chamber 3. The inlet of the first collection chamber 3 is rotatably and sealed to the proximal end of a hollow drill bit 21 via a rotatable component, temporarily storing the bone graft material drilled by the hollow drill bit 21. The aforementioned separation mechanism, also located on the outer casing 1, includes an intercepting filter 4, a second collection chamber 5, and a negative pressure chamber 6 connected to the second collection chamber 5. The inlet of the second collection chamber 5 is connected to the outlet of the first collection chamber 3, and the intercepting filter 4 is positioned between the second collection chamber 5 and the first collection chamber 3. The negative pressure chamber 6 is connected to an external negative pressure source to negatively draw the bone graft material into the first collection chamber 3, while the bone marrow in the bone graft material is negatively drawn into the second collection chamber 5 via the intercepting filter 4. Solid bone tissue in the bone graft material is intercepted by the intercepting filter 4 within the first collection chamber 3, thus separating the bone tissue and bone marrow for targeted use and processing of the bone marrow.

[0030] The first collection chamber 3 and the second collection chamber 5 share a single negative pressure chamber 6, which improves the structural compactness and integration of the minimally invasive bone grafting device 100, achieving lightweight and miniaturized design, and facilitating prolonged handheld operation by the operator. The first collection chamber 3, the second collection chamber 5, and the negative pressure chamber 6 are sequentially connected, with the first collection chamber 3 indirectly connected to the negative pressure chamber 6 via the second collection chamber 5. This design not only ensures that bone marrow must enter the second collection chamber 5 through the first collection chamber 3, but also allows for the simultaneous separation of bone marrow from the bone graft material while it is being collected and adsorbed into the first collection chamber 3. Due to the interception effect of the filter 4, the bone tissue in the bone graft material remains within the first collection chamber 3. This design further simplifies the device, reduces energy consumption, and avoids the impact of excessive negative pressure sources on the bone graft material due to operating heat.

[0031] In some feasible implementations, the intercepting filter 4 is made of ABS or PC material integrally injection molded with the first collecting chamber 3. The intercepting filter 4 is located at the outlet end of the first collecting chamber 3, and several small holes with a diameter of 1 mm are opened on the intercepting filter 4. In this case, the outlet end of the first collecting chamber 3 is the mesh end face, which serves as both the outlet of the first collecting chamber 3 and the intercepting filter 4. Figure 2 As shown, the intercepting filter 4 is integrally formed at the outlet end of the first collecting chamber 3. In other embodiments, the intercepting filter 4 may also be made of materials such as silicone.

[0032] In practical applications, bone marrow is typically a viscous fluid that is difficult to pass through a filter. Therefore, to effectively collect bone marrow, artificial bone or autologous bone is pre-placed in the second collection chamber 5. This allows for the rapid enrichment of effective bioactive components such as stem cells and growth factors from the bone marrow into the artificial or autologous bone during the adsorption and collection process, enabling the artificial or autologous bone to achieve bioactivity similar to autologous bone. To prevent the artificial or autologous bone pre-placed in the second collection chamber 5 from being sucked into the negative pressure chamber 6 when the negative pressure source connected to the negative pressure chamber 6 is activated, a bone interception mesh 7 is installed at the connection between the second collection chamber 5 and the negative pressure chamber 6. This mesh intercepts the artificial or autologous bone placed in the second collection chamber 5. The bone interception mesh 7 preferably uses a filter with a pore size of 1mm, and the filter material includes, but is not limited to, silicone, ABS, or PC materials.

[0033] It should be noted that the artificial bone or autologous bone placed in the second collection chamber 5 is generally a commercially available medical product that has undergone drying treatment and has a strong ability to absorb liquid, so the vast majority of bone marrow will be enriched.

[0034] In some feasible implementations, the minimally invasive bone grafting device 100 can be used in conjunction with a negative pressure source. The negative pressure source typically employs a negative pressure air source, such as a compressor, vacuum machine, negative pressure fan, or negative pressure pump. Specifically, a miniature compressor or miniature negative pressure air pump can be used. For ease of operation by the physician, a foot-operated switch can be provided to control the opening, closing, and pressure of the negative pressure source. Foot-operated switches are a mature existing technology and will not be elaborated upon here. The negative pressure source preferably uses 80-120 kPa of negative pressure to suction and extract bone tissue material.

[0035] Some feasible implementation methods, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a negative pressure chamber shell is fitted around the outer periphery of the first collecting chamber 3. The negative pressure chamber 6 is an annular cavity formed between the negative pressure chamber shell and the outer wall of the first collecting chamber 3, and the negative pressure chamber 6 is detachably connected to the outer shell 1. The first collecting chamber 3 and the negative pressure chamber 6 can be injection molded as a single unit, with the inlet end of the negative pressure chamber 6 of the first collecting chamber 3 closed and the outlet end of the negative pressure chamber 6 open. The second collecting chamber 5 is a cylindrical cavity with one open end and the other closed, which can be detachably connected to the outlet end of the negative pressure chamber 6 of the first collecting chamber 3 by a sealing plug or threaded connection. After the second collecting chamber 5 is connected to the negative pressure chamber 6, the first collecting chamber 3, the second collecting chamber 5, and the negative pressure chamber 6 form a single integrated structure. This single integrated structure is detachably connected to the outer shell 1 through the negative pressure chamber 6, and the connection methods include, but are not limited to, sealing plug, snap-fit, and threaded connection.

[0036] In some feasible embodiments, the bone interceptor 7 can be disposed at one end of the negative pressure chamber 6 located at the outlet end of the first collection chamber 3. In this case, the bone interceptor 7 is annular and can be connected to the negative pressure chamber 6 by means of bonding, bolting, snap-fitting, welding, or integral molding. In other embodiments, the bone interceptor 7 can also be disposed at the open end of the second collection chamber 5 and can be connected to the second collection chamber 5 by means of bonding, bolting, snap-fitting, welding, or integral molding. In this case, an external thread can be provided on the outer wall of the open end of the second collection chamber 5 to be threadedly connected to the internal thread at one end of the negative pressure chamber 6 located at the outlet end of the first collection chamber 3.

[0037] In some feasible implementations, at least one sealing ring may be provided at the connection between the negative pressure chamber 6 and the second collection chamber 5 to improve the sealing performance of the connection between the negative pressure chamber 6 and the second collection chamber 5 and avoid situations such as pressure leakage.

[0038] In some feasible implementations, the rotatable component between the inlet of the first collecting chamber 3 and the proximal end of the hollow drill bit 21 can be a sealed bearing disposed at the proximal end of the hollow drill bit 21. In this case, the proximal end of the hollow drill bit 21 is movably inserted into the inlet of the first collecting chamber 3, and is sealed by rotation with the inlet of the first collecting chamber 3 through the sealed bearing. The sealed bearing can ensure the sealing between the proximal end of the hollow drill bit 21 and the inlet of the first collecting chamber 3, and also ensure the rotatability between the two. In this design, the hollow drill bit 21 is relatively long, and its internal space is directly used as the collection channel 9. In addition to the aforementioned rotary seal installation method, the rotatable component can also be a collection channel 9 coaxially arranged with the hollow drill bit 21. The collection channel 9 is a rigid pipe, and its inlet end is sealed to the proximal end of the hollow drill bit 21. The connection method includes, but is not limited to, key connection, threaded connection, or welding. The outlet end of the collection channel 9 is movably inserted into the inlet of the first collection chamber 3 and is rotary sealed to the inlet of the first collection chamber 3 through a sealing bearing. The sealing bearing can ensure both the sealing performance of the collection channel 9 and the inlet of the first collection chamber 3, and also ensure the rotatability between them. The sealing bearing is a mature existing technology and will not be described in detail here. To meet clinical needs, the hollow drill bit 21 can be configured with various diameter specifications. To enable the device to match hollow drill bits 21 with various diameter specifications, it is preferable that the hollow drill bit 21 is connected to the first collection chamber 3 through the collection channel 9. The diameter of the collection channel 9 remains unchanged and does not require disassembly. The inlet end of the collection channel 9 can be connected to the proximal end of hollow drill bits 21 of different specifications through a universal threaded port, which facilitates the replacement of hollow drill bits 21 of different specifications.

[0039] It should be noted that when the hollow drill bit 21 is directly connected to the inlet rotary seal of the first collecting chamber 3, sealed bearings are installed at both ends of the hollow drill bit 21 to support its installation and ensure the stability of the hollow drill bit 21 during rotation. Similarly, when the hollow drill bit 21 is connected to the inlet rotary seal of the first collecting chamber 3 through the collecting channel 9, sealed bearings are also installed at both ends of the collecting channel 9 to support its installation.

[0040] In other embodiments, besides using sealed bearings, a locating bushing can also be used to achieve a rotational sealed connection between the hollow drill bit 21 (or the collection channel 9) and the inlet of the first collection chamber 3. Taking the collection channel 9 as an example, its proximal end is fitted with a locating bushing by interference fit, welding, or key connection, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the limiting sleeve extends through the inlet of the first collecting cavity 3, and a limiting ring is provided at the proximal end of the limiting sleeve. The limiting sleeve contacts and engages with the inner wall of the first collecting cavity 3 through the limiting ring to axially limit the limiting sleeve and prevent it from coming out of the inlet of the first collecting cavity 3. To improve the sealing between the limiting sleeve and the inlet of the first collecting cavity 3, at least one sealing ring is also fitted on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve. During installation, the limiting sleeve can be first inserted from the inside of the first collecting cavity 3 through the inlet of the first collecting cavity 3 until the limiting ring of the limiting sleeve is in contact with the inner wall of the first collecting cavity 3. At this time, the limiting sleeve and the inlet of the first collecting cavity 3 are in clearance fit and sealed by the sealing ring; then the proximal end of the collection channel 9 is inserted and engaged with the limiting sleeve. Subsequently, due to the keyed connection and assembly between the acquisition channel 9 and the driven bevel gear 24, the acquisition channel 9 will not move relative to the outer shell 1 (the acquisition channel 9 can only rotate in place relative to the outer shell 1 around the axis of the acquisition channel 9), that is, the limiting ring of the limiting sleeve is always in limiting engagement with the inner wall of the first collection chamber 3. During operation, the acquisition channel 9 drives the limiting sleeve to rotate synchronously under the action of the drill bit, but the limiting sleeve cannot drive the first collection chamber 3 to rotate.

[0041] In some feasible implementations, the drill bit drive includes a rotary drive 22 and a gear transmission assembly, the rotary drive 22 being connected to the hollow drill bit 21 via the gear transmission assembly. Specifically, the gear transmission assembly can be a spur gear meshing assembly or a bevel gear meshing assembly, such as... Figure 1The diagram shows a schematic of a bevel gear meshing assembly used in a gear transmission system. The bevel gear meshing assembly includes a driving bevel gear 23 and a driven bevel gear 24 that meshes perpendicularly with the driving bevel gear 23. The rotary drive 22 is a rotary drive motor, which is mounted on the housing 1 via a motor mounting bracket or similar structure. The output end of the rotary drive motor is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drill bit 21. The driving bevel gear 23 is coaxially mounted to the output end of the rotary drive motor via a key connection. The axis of the driven bevel gear 24 is perpendicular to the axis of the driving bevel gear 23, and it is coaxially mounted to the outside of the acquisition channel 9 via a key connection. Starting the rotary drive motor drives the driving bevel gear 23 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven bevel gear 24 to rotate. This converts the vertical rotational motion of the rotary drive motor into a horizontal rotational motion perpendicular to it. The horizontally rotating driven bevel gear 24 then drives the hollow drill bit 21 to rotate, thus performing bone tissue material extraction.

[0042] In some feasible implementations, the drill body of the hollow drill bit 21 has a hollow tube structure, meaning its internal cavity extends through both axial ends of the hollow drill bit 21. The distal end of the hollow drill bit 21 is provided with a first cutting edge for longitudinal cutting and a second cutting edge for transverse cutting. The first cutting edge can cut bone tissue perpendicularly, and the second cutting edge can cut bone tissue horizontally inwards to sever the connection between the bone tissue and surrounding tissues. The hollow drill bit 21 can be made of existing stainless steel drill bits, carbide drill bits, etc., and its internal cavity extends through both axial ends of the hollow drill bit 21. The specific structure and functional principle of the hollow drill bit 21 will not be elaborated here.

[0043] In some feasible implementations, the outer shell 1 can be a simple plate-shaped shell, with the drilling mechanism 2, collecting mechanism, and separating mechanism all disposed on the surface of the plate-shaped shell. Alternatively, the outer shell 1 can also be a closed shell with a cavity, such as a cylindrical shell or a rectangular shell. To improve grip, a handheld gun-shaped shell is preferred. Figure 2The handheld gun-shaped housing shown adopts a gun housing shape, with a horizontally arranged barrel 11 and a handle 12 arranged at an angle to the barrel 11. The drilling mechanism 2, as one of the important components of the equipment, is preferably located inside the barrel 11, and the distal end of the hollow drill bit 21 penetrates through the front end of the handheld gun-shaped housing and rotates with the front end of the handheld gun-shaped housing. In order to improve the operational stability of the gear transmission assembly, the outer periphery of the driven bevel gear 24 is preferably also assembled with the inner wall of the barrel 11 through a gear fixing bracket or other structure, so as to use the inner wall of the barrel 11 to circumferentially limit the driven bevel gear 24, and prevent the axis of the hollow drill bit 21 from deviating or shaking during rotation. The collection mechanism and the separation mechanism can be located inside the handheld gun-shaped housing or externally. Considering that both the first collection chamber 3 and the second collection chamber 5 need to be disassembled to obtain bone tissue material and bone marrow, it is preferable that both the first collection chamber 3 and the second collection chamber 5 are externally installed at the rear of the handheld gun-shaped housing. In practical applications, the main form is a closed shell with a cavity.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, after the first collecting chamber 3, the second collecting chamber 5, and the negative pressure chamber 6 are assembled into a single structure, they are rigidly connected to the tail end of the barrel 11 by threaded tightening or clamping through the front end of the negative pressure chamber 6 (i.e., the inlet end of the first collecting chamber 3). The second collecting chamber 5 and the negative pressure chamber 6 are exposed outside the barrel 11. When it is necessary to remove the artificial bone or autologous bone from the second collecting chamber 5, the second collecting chamber 5 can be unscrewed directly. To facilitate the collection of bone tissue material intercepted in the first collecting chamber 3, the outlet end of the first collecting chamber 3 can also be set as a detachable end cap structure. The front end of this end cap structure is threadedly connected to the cylindrical cavity body of the first collecting chamber 3, and the intercepting filter 4 is integrally formed on the end cap structure. When it is necessary to collect the bone tissue material intercepted in the first collecting chamber 3, the end cap structure can be unscrewed to open the outlet end of the first collecting chamber 3 so as to obtain the bone tissue material inside the first collecting chamber 3. In other embodiments, the collection channel 9 can be directly pluggably connected to the limiting bushing, so that when disassembling the negative pressure chamber 6, the outlet end of the first collection chamber 3 can be directly pulled away from the end of the collection channel 9.

[0045] The negative pressure channel 8 connects the negative pressure chamber 6 and the negative pressure source, and is externally mounted on the handheld gun-shaped shell. When the negative pressure source is activated, the suction force generated by the negative pressure is sequentially transmitted through the negative pressure channel 8, the negative pressure chamber 6, the second collection chamber 5, the first collection chamber 3, and the collection channel 9 to the hollow drill bit 21, thereby creating a suction effect on human bone tissue. In some other embodiments, the negative pressure channel 8 may be integrated into the handle 12.

[0046] In some feasible implementations, the rotary drive 22 for driving the drill bit is mounted inside the handle 12 via a structure such as a motor mounting bracket. The handle 12 also houses a power supply module and a main control board. The power supply module is electrically connected to the main control board, the rotary drive 22, and the negative pressure source to supply power to these components. Specifically, the power supply module may use a replaceable disposable battery or a rechargeable power supply. The main control board uses a conventional control chip and is communicatively connected to both the rotary drive 22 and the negative pressure source.

[0047] The minimally invasive bone grafting device 100 also includes a drill switch 13 and a negative pressure switch. Both the drill switch 13 and the negative pressure switch are mounted on the outer wall of the handle 12 and are communicatively connected to the main control board. By operating the drill switch 13 and the negative pressure switch, the rotary drive 22 and the negative pressure source can be controlled, making operation convenient. The gun-shaped outer shell 1, combined with the drill switch 13 and the negative pressure switch mounted on the handle 12, allows physicians to easily operate the device with one hand, making it very convenient to use. The switch types used for the drill switch 13 and the negative pressure switch include, but are not limited to, buttons and slide keys.

[0048] In practical applications, the drilling switch 13 can also be set to different gears, which can not only control the opening and closing of the rotary drive 22, but also adjust the power output of the rotary drive 22.

[0049] The following section uses autologous bone grafting surgery as an example to explain in detail the usage method and operating principle of the aforementioned minimally invasive bone grafting device 100: In use, a minimally invasive incision is first made in the skin at the surgical site. Then, a hole is made in the cortical bone at the surgical site using a bone drill. The hollow drill bit 21, extending from the front end of the minimally invasive bone grafting device 100, is then inserted into the hole. The negative pressure source and rotation drive 22 are activated, allowing the hollow drill bit 21 to drill and cut bone tissue. Simultaneously, under the action of negative pressure suction, the cut tissue and bone marrow fluid are drawn through the collection channel 9 into the first collection chamber 3. The obtained autologous bone tissue and bone marrow can be used for the patient's autologous bone grafting surgery.

[0050] In the specific operation, the first cutting edge of the hollow drill bit 21, which cuts vertically at its front end, first contacts the bone tissue to be cut. After the rotation drive 22 is activated, the first cutting edge of the hollow drill bit 21 cuts the bone tissue vertically, while the second cutting edge, which cuts inward, cuts the root of the bone tissue horizontally, severing the connection between the bone tissue and surrounding tissues. The suction force generated by the negative pressure source is transmitted sequentially through the negative pressure channel 8, negative pressure chamber 6, second collection chamber 5, first collection chamber 3, and collection channel 9 to the hollow drill bit 21, thereby creating a suction effect on the bone tissue material obtained by cutting. The bone tissue material enters the first collection chamber 3 through the collection channel 9. In addition to creating a suction effect on the target bone tissue, the negative pressure also creates a suction effect on the bone marrow fluid around the bone harvesting area. The bone marrow enters the first collection chamber 3 through the collection channel 9, and then passes through the intercepting filter 4 between the first collection chamber 3 and the second collection chamber 5, entering the second collection chamber 5. The intercepting filter 4 blocks solid bone tissue from passing through. The presence of the intercepting filter 4 facilitates the separation of autologous bone tissue and bone marrow. The collected autologous bone tissue and bone marrow can be used alone or together in autologous bone transplantation surgery. In practical applications, artificial bone or autologous bone can be pre-placed in the second collection chamber 5 to rapidly enrich the effective bioactive components such as stem cells and growth factors from the bone marrow into the artificial bone or autologous bone during the adsorption and collection process, achieving bioactivity similar to autologous bone.

[0051] For the sake of surgical comfort, the minimally invasive bone grafting device 100 adopts a gun-like structure design, with the rotary drive 22 longitudinally positioned inside the handle 12 and the collection channel 9 laterally positioned inside the barrel 11. To convert the horizontal rotational motion of the rotary drive 22 into the perpendicular motion of the output shaft, this invention introduces a bevel gear meshing mechanism.

[0052] Due to the airtight requirements of negative pressure suction, the collection channel 9 can adopt an integrated stainless steel hollow tube structure. However, other mechanical structures that can achieve the above functions are not excluded. But the integrated stainless steel hollow tube structure is one of the best structures considering both cost and feasibility.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, the bone transplantation minimally invasive device 100 proposed in this invention uses a hollow drill bit to drill bone tissue, and at the same time uses negative pressure suction to obtain bone tissue and bone marrow in the collection channel. It not only achieves the purpose of fully automatic acquisition of autologous bone and bone marrow through a minimally invasive channel, but also achieves effective separation and independent collection of solid bone tissue and bone marrow.

[0054] This invention can directly collect drilled bone tissue material into the first collection chamber by negative pressure adsorption, avoiding mechanical damage and unnecessary thermal damage to bone tissue during the collection and transportation of bone tissue material using mechanical mechanisms such as threaded conveyors.

[0055] Bone grafting is currently widely used to repair bone defects caused by trauma, disease, and surgery. Autologous bone grafting refers to obtaining bone tissue from a suitable site on the patient's own body and then transplanting it to the site of the bone defect. Autologous bone is the gold standard for bone defect transplantation materials, and autologous bone marrow is also an excellent material for promoting bone fusion. Therefore, in clinical practice, the aforementioned minimally invasive bone grafting device is used more than 100 times for autologous bone grafting to efficiently obtain autologous bone and bone marrow.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a bone harvesting method using the minimally invasive bone grafting device 100 in Embodiment 1. Specifically, artificial bone or autologous bone is pre-placed in the second collection chamber 5 so that during the process of obtaining bone grafting materials, effective bioactive components such as stem cells and growth factors separated from the bone marrow are rapidly enriched in the artificial bone or autologous bone, thereby achieving bioactivity similar to autologous bone.

[0057] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and to facilitate understanding and reading. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the invention can be implemented and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and objectives of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0058] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive bone grafting device, characterized in that, include: Outer shell (1); The drilling mechanism (2) includes a drill bit drive disposed on the housing (1) and a hollow drill bit (21) connected to the drill bit drive. The drill bit drive is used to drive the hollow drill bit (21) to rotate so as to drill bone graft material from the distal end of the hollow drill bit (21). The hollow drill bit (21) is hollow inside to deliver the bone graft material; A collection mechanism is provided on the outer shell (1), which includes a first collection chamber (3). The inlet of the first collection chamber (3) is rotatably sealed to the proximal end of the hollow drill bit (21) through a rotatable component to collect the bone graft material. A separation mechanism is provided on the outer shell (1), which includes an interception filter (4), a second collection chamber (5) and a negative pressure chamber (6) communicating with the second collection chamber (5). The inlet of the second collection chamber (5) is connected to the outlet of the first collection chamber (3), and the interception filter (4) is provided between the second collection chamber (5) and the first collection chamber (3). The negative pressure chamber (6) is used to connect to an external negative pressure source to negatively adsorb the bone graft material into the first collection chamber (3) and to negatively adsorb the bone marrow in the bone graft material into the second collection chamber (5) through the interception filter (4). A bone interception mesh (7) is provided at the connection between the second collection chamber (5) and the negative pressure chamber (6).

2. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a negative pressure source, and the negative pressure chamber (6) is connected to the negative pressure source through a negative pressure channel (8); The negative pressure source is integrated on the outer shell (1); or, the negative pressure source is separately arranged from the outer shell (1) and is located outside the outer shell (1).

3. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the first collection chamber (3) is fitted with a negative pressure chamber shell, and the negative pressure chamber (6) is an annular cavity formed between the negative pressure chamber shell and the outer wall of the first collection chamber (3), and the negative pressure chamber (6) is detachably connected to the outer shell; The negative pressure chamber (6) is detachably connected to the outer shell (1), and the interception filter (4) is disposed at the outlet end of the first collection chamber (3); The negative pressure chamber (6) is closed at one end of the inlet of the first collection chamber (3), and the negative pressure chamber (6) is sealed at one end of the outlet of the first collection chamber (3) and connected to the second collection chamber (5).

4. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The negative pressure chamber (6) is sealed and plugged into or threadedly connected to the outer shell (1).

5. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The rotatable component is a sealed bearing disposed at the proximal end of the hollow drill bit (21). The proximal end of the hollow drill bit (21) is movably inserted into the inlet of the first collecting cavity (3) and is sealed by rotation with the inlet of the first collecting cavity (3) through the sealed bearing. Alternatively, the rotatable component is a collection channel (9), the inlet end of which is connected to the proximal end of the hollow drill bit (21), and the outlet end of which is movably inserted into the inlet of the first collection chamber (3) and rotated and sealed with the inlet of the first collection chamber (3) through a sealing bearing.

6. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The drill bit drive includes a rotary drive (22) and a gear transmission assembly, wherein the rotary drive (22) is connected to the hollow drill bit (21) via the gear transmission assembly.

7. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The hollow drill bit (21) is provided with a first cutting edge for longitudinal cutting and a second cutting edge for transverse cutting at its distal end. The first cutting edge can cut bone tissue vertically, and the second cutting edge can cut bone tissue horizontally inward to sever the connection between bone tissue and surrounding tissue.

8. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is a handheld gun-shaped shell. The drilling mechanism (2), the collecting mechanism and the separating mechanism are all located on the handheld gun-shaped shell. The distal end of the hollow drill bit (21) passes through the front end of the handheld gun-shaped shell and rotates with the front end of the handheld gun-shaped shell.

9. The minimally invasive bone grafting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a drill switch (13) that is communicatively connected to the drill bit drive, the drill switch (13) being disposed on the outer wall of the handheld gun housing.

10. A method for harvesting bone using the minimally invasive bone grafting device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Artificial bone or autologous bone is pre-placed in the second collection cavity (5) so that the separated bone marrow is enriched on the artificial bone or autologous bone in the second collection cavity (5) during the acquisition of the bone graft material.

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