Wear-resistant accessory preparation method based on grouting pressurization liquid removal forming technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a wear-resistant accessory based on a grouting pressurized liquid removal forming technology, which is used for solving the technical problems of low bonding strength of ceramic and metal, difficulty in manufacturing a complex product, complex manufacturing process, high cost, insufficient product performance and the like in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a green body preparation material and an immersion sealing material; according to the structural requirements of the wear-resistant accessory, the wear-resistant accessory is divided into a plurality of single bodies, and a green body corresponding to each single body is manufactured by adopting a green body manufacturing technology in combination with a grouting pressurization liquid removal forming technology; the green body is placed in a sintering furnace to be sintered into a corresponding cooked body; assembling and welding the cooked blank body according to the structural requirements of the wear-resistant accessory to obtain a wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; trimming and correcting the shape of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; and pressing the immersion sealing material into pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product to obtain a wear-resistant accessory finished product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing wear-resistant equipment parts, specifically a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology. Background Technology

[0002] In various industries such as mining, thermal power generation, construction sand making, industrial powder making, metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, and dredging, slurry pumps, pipelines, material chutes, and inner lining plates used for conveying mud or mortar, as well as liners and crushing or powdering workpieces in the crushing and powdering industry, are prone to wear and have a short service life.

[0003] To improve the service life of these components, extend equipment maintenance cycles, and reduce maintenance costs, technicians attempted to use ceramic materials with excellent mechanical properties, high hardness, good oxidation resistance, strong corrosion resistance, excellent abrasion resistance, and low coefficient of friction to manufacture these components. However, directly using ceramic materials to manufacture these components presents numerous problems, including loose connections leading to easy detachment, deformation during sintering resulting in poor product precision, and poor impact resistance, making them brittle.

[0004] Based on the above problems, Chinese invention patent CN104449211A discloses a preparation process for a wear-resistant layer based on thermosetting resin and silicon carbide particles. This process can be used to manufacture wear-resistant parts such as desulfurization pumps and corrosion-resistant pipe fittings, which have wide applications in thermal power generation and coal chemical industries. However, due to the low bonding strength between silicon carbide particles and resin, they are easily detached under the continuous erosion of particles in the slurry. Therefore, although the corrosion resistance of desulfurization pumps and corrosion-resistant pipe fittings is much higher than that of steel pumps and pipe fittings, their service life is not much longer. To address this, researchers have further explored combining ceramic and metallic materials to obtain high-performance wear-resistant parts for equipment. For example, products using open-cell foam ceramics as the substrate are manufactured by pressing molten metal into the pores of the ceramic substrate under high pressure at high temperature, resulting in metal-ceramic composite products. These products are lightweight, have good rigidity, high hardness, and stable mechanical properties. However, they are difficult to manufacture, expensive, and have poor impact resistance.

[0005] Furthermore, the powder metallurgy industry uses a mixture of metal and ceramic micropowders to press wear-resistant products. However, due to the poor bonding properties between metal and ceramic, the resulting products exhibit poor wear resistance. Research indicates that metallization treatment on the surface of ceramic micropowder can significantly improve various properties of the product. However, when the thickness of the metal coating on the ceramic micropowder surface approaches the particle size of the finer powder, the wear resistance of the product decreases considerably. Moreover, the production of large-particle ceramic products is extremely difficult, and producing products with uniform density is even more challenging. Currently, mature large-particle ceramic manufacturing processes are mainly used for producing simple, thin-walled products of uniform thickness (such as grinding wheels). When the thickness is uneven, multiple pressing operations or the use of composite molds are required. This makes it virtually impossible to produce products with complex structures, thus significantly limiting their application scenarios.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for a new method for preparing wear-resistant parts to solve the problems of low bonding strength between ceramics and metals, difficulty in manufacturing complex products, complex manufacturing processes, high costs, and insufficient product performance in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, which solves the technical problems in the prior art such as low bonding strength between ceramics and metals, difficulty in manufacturing complex products, complex manufacturing process, high cost, and insufficient product performance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: A method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank preparation material and the impregnation material; the blank preparation material includes powder metallurgy material and gold-ceramic particles, and the volume ratio of the powder metallurgy material, gold-ceramic particles and impregnation material is 1~6.3:3.7~6.9:0~2.9; the powder metallurgy material includes metallurgical powder and forming agent with a volume ratio of 85%~100%:0~15%; the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the impregnation material is a resin binder or a low-melting-point metal or an elastic colloid; Step 2: According to the structural requirements of wear-resistant parts, divide them into multiple units, and use a combination of blank making material and grouting pressure dehydration molding technology to make green blanks corresponding to each unit; the grouting pressure dehydration molding technology adopts one or more of the following methods: grouting die punching pressure dehydration molding, grouting centrifugal pressure dehydration molding, grouting isostatic pressure dehydration molding, grouting high pressure injection pressure dehydration molding, and grouting injection pressure dehydration hot pressing molding; Step 3: Place all the green billets into a sintering furnace and fire them into the corresponding finished billets; the highest temperature in the sintering furnace is 3 to 100°C above the melting point of the metal or alloy with the highest melting point in the metallurgical powder of Step 1. Step 4: Assemble and weld the various finished blanks according to the structural requirements of the wear-resistant parts to obtain the semi-finished wear-resistant parts; Step 5: According to the preset process requirements, the shape of the wear-resistant parts semi-finished products is repaired and corrected; in addition, the dynamic balance of the wear-resistant parts semi-finished products can be adjusted by welding as needed. Step 6: Press the impregnation material described in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant part semi-finished product after Step 5 to obtain the finished wear-resistant part, thereby completing the preparation of wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology.

[0009] Further, in step 1, the surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method: 1.1: Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5~1.5:8.5~9.5; the coating alloy includes an active metal, a welding auxiliary metal, and a melting metal in a mass ratio of 10~50:50~80:0~10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium, and chromium; the welding auxiliary metal is at least one of nickel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, tin, tin alloy, and boron; the melting metal is an alloy containing copper and / or titanium with a melting point below 1000℃; the ceramic particles are at least one of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silane, zirconium oxide, alumina, titanium carbide-reinforced alumina, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon nitride, and silicon carbide-reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.2~5mm, which is the D50 particle size of the granulated sand; 1.2: After mixing the ceramic particles with the coating alloy, the mixture is loaded into the coating reaction tube. The coating reaction tube is then sealed or placed into a closed system. The gas inside the coating reaction tube is extracted through the extraction tube to make the vacuum level 0.1 kPa ~ 5 kPa. The coating reaction tube is then heated to 200℃ ~ 300℃. 1.3: Inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through the gas injection pipe, while slowly heating up and extracting excess gas from the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere, until the temperature reaches 300℃~700℃. After the oxides on the metal surface in the auxiliary welding metal and the molten metal are reduced, close the gas injection pipe. 1.4: Extract the gas inside the reaction tube through the evacuation tube, maintain the internal vacuum degree at 0.1 kPa to 5 kPa, then heat to 900℃ to 1250℃, hold for 10 to 60 minutes, and then cool to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0010] Further, in step 1, the particle size of the metallurgical powder is 0.5μm~1000μm, and the metallurgical powder includes metal powder and non-metal powder in a volume ratio of 80%~100%:0~20%; the metal powder is selected from at least one of aluminum powder, zinc powder, copper-zinc alloy powder, copper-tin alloy powder, copper-aluminum alloy powder, copper-tin-titanium alloy powder, ternary copper alloy powder, quaternary copper-titanium alloy powder, copper powder, copper-nickel alloy powder, aluminum-titanium alloy powder, copper-nickel-tin alloy powder, quaternary copper-titanium alloy powder, iron powder, carbon steel alloy powder, stainless steel powder, manganese alloy steel powder, chromium alloy steel powder, nickel alloy steel powder, titanium alloy steel powder, iron oxide powder, copper oxide powder, and auxiliary welding metal; the non-metal powder is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silane, zirconium oxide, alumina, and silicon dioxide; the molding agent is selected from thermosetting phenolic resin or acrylamide gel. The resin bonding material comprises a thermosetting resin and a diluent in a mass ratio of 95%~100%:0~5%, as well as a curing agent and additives corresponding to the thermosetting resin; the thermosetting resin includes at least one of epoxy resin, vinyl resin, unsaturated polyester, phenolic resin, polyurethane resin, and modified resins thereof; the diluent is an active diluent; the curing agent is a room temperature curing agent, a medium temperature curing agent, a high temperature curing agent, or a photosensitive curing agent; the additives are defoamers or leveling agents; the low melting point metal is selected from aluminum, aluminum alloys, or copper alloys; the elastic colloid includes rubber colloids, polyurethane colloids, or thermoplastic colloids.

[0011] Furthermore, step 1 also includes firing ceramic inserts corresponding to wear-resistant parts using ceramic powder, and performing surface metallization treatment on the fired ceramic inserts. The ceramic inserts are used for pre-embedding or embedding and welding to the most important wear-resistant parts of the wear-resistant parts; the ceramic inserts include dense ceramic inserts, microporous ceramic inserts and honeycomb ceramic inserts.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 2, the grouting mold punching and descaling molding is used to make accessories with bosses that are mainly flat, which can make accessories with high density and good wear resistance, such as front and rear guard plates of slurry pumps, front and rear wheel plates of impellers, flat liner plates, large radius arc liner plates, material distribution cone plates, etc. Grouting die-stamping and dehydration molding involves pouring grout colloid into a mold with drainage holes. After filling, excess aqueous slurry or molten slurry in the grout colloid is discharged through a dehydration material or immersed in a dehydration material for the green body using die-stamping and pressure combined with external drainage or internal immersion dehydration processes, resulting in a green body. The grout colloid is formed by adding aqueous slurry or molten slurry to the green body material to create a pressurized, flowable gel. The aqueous slurry is selected from water-soluble materials with viscosity that can vary between 0 and 100°C. The aqueous slurry ensures that the particulate material in the grout colloid remains stably suspended in the grout colloid during manufacturing. Examples include methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and animal and plant gums, or preferably, aqueous slurry made from the molding agent used in step 1. The most preferred material for making the aqueous slurry is a water-soluble material that can solidify through a chemical reaction; for example, aqueous slurry composed of phenolic resin series and curing agent, or aqueous slurry composed of acrylamide monomer and methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agents, and tetramethylethylenediamine catalyst and initiator. The molten slurry is an organic material that can melt into a molten slurry when heated to below 150°C, such as paraffin wax or polyethylene wax, added to the blank-making material. When making simple thin products of uniform thickness, such as simple accessories like flat lining plates, the blank-making material prepared in step 1 can be directly pressed into a green blank using a die-stamping mold.

[0013] The centrifugal dehydration molding process is used to manufacture circular parts, and can produce larger and more wear-resistant tubular parts as well as various parts with circular outer diameters, such as circular pipes, circular rings, front and rear guard plates of slurry pumps, front and rear wheel plates of impellers, etc. The centrifugal dehydration molding process involves injecting grout colloid into a rotating cavity shell or mold with micropores. Under the action of centrifugal force, the excess aqueous slurry or molten slurry in the grout colloid is discharged through the dehydration material or immersed in the dehydration material of the green body to obtain a green body. The grouting isostatic pressure dehydration molding is used to produce round pipes, circular shapes, and other relatively regular-shaped accessories that cannot be produced by die punching or centrifugal molding, such as round pipes, square pipes, bends, reducers, and slurry pump volute liners. Grouting isostatic pressure dehydration molding involves pouring grout colloid into the mold cavity between the outer steel mold and the elastic inner bag. After filling, pressurizing oil is injected into the elastic inner bag to cause it to expand and generate isostatic pressure. Then, an external dehydration process or an internal immersion dehydration process is used to drain or immerse excess aqueous slurry or molten slurry in the grout colloid between the outer steel mold and the elastic inner bag through a dehydration material or into the dehydration material of the billet material to obtain a green billet. When producing round pipe-shaped accessories, the billet material without the addition of aqueous slurry or molten slurry can be directly pressed into green billet accessories.

[0014] The high-pressure injection and dehydration molding of grouting is used to produce thick, connecting, multi-curved, and other parts that cannot be produced by the first three molding processes. The high-pressure injection and dehydration molding of grouting involves injecting grout colloid into a cavity shell or mold with micropores, and then using an external dehydration process or an internal immersion dehydration process to discharge the excess aqueous solution or molten slurry in the grout colloid through a dehydration material or immerse it in a green body material dehydration material to obtain a green body. The grouting injection pressurized dehydration hot pressing molding is used to make accessories that are easy to be hot pressed again. Specifically, the grout material colloid is injected into a steel cavity shell with micropores and a volume larger than the finished product volume. Then, the excess aqueous slurry or molten slurry in the grout material colloid is discharged from the cavity shell or immersed in the dehydration material of the green body through the dehydration material using an external dehydration process or an internal immersion dehydration process. After that, it is heated to the set temperature and then subjected to secondary pressurization to obtain the green body.

[0015] Further, in step 2, the external drainage and descaling process refers to using a rigid / soft microporous descaling material to make a cavity shell or mold, and under external pressure, extruding excess aqueous solution or molten slurry in the grout colloid along a set path into the micropores of the cavity shell or mold or outside the cavity shell or mold; wherein, the rigid microporous descaling material refers to steel material with multiple small holes or steel material inlaid with microporous material, rigid and rollable thin plate, hardened material of inorganic powder mixed with silica sol (water glass), microporous ceramic material, microporous aggregate material, thermosetting resin microporous material mixed with inorganic granules, microporous metal material, and locally inlaid and / or integral cavity shells made of gypsum-based quick-setting materials; the soft microporous descaling material refers to filter cloth, filter paper, glass fiber cloth, felt, or plastic isolation film with multiple small holes; The internal immersion dehydration process refers to pressing or compacting a portion of the billet material and then sintering it into a material with dehydration micropores. This material is then loaded into a cavity shell or mold. Under external pressure, excess aqueous solution or molten slurry from the grout colloid is squeezed into the dehydration microporous material of the billet material in the cavity shell or mold. The dehydration microporous material of the billet material refers to granules, pellets, or plates made by pressing the billet material. This method can effectively reduce the shrinkage and deformation of the billet during drying and sintering, and improve the yield. At the same time, this method can also recycle, crush, and process used scrap products and reuse them to make new products, which greatly saves material costs.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, during the grouting injection, pressurized dehydration, and hot pressing molding process, the volume inside the steel cavity shell is 5-25% larger than the volume of the corresponding finished product.

[0017] Furthermore, step 3 specifically involves: 3.1: The green billets are placed into the sintering furnace and heated to a higher temperature, while a sintering atmosphere is simultaneously introduced into the sintering furnace; the sintering atmosphere is a protective gas or a mixture of a reducing gas, a protective atmosphere, and air. 3.2: The green billet is fired into the corresponding sintered billet by means of heating, heating sintering, holding sintering, secondary hot pressing or cooling, decarburization, and cooling in sequence. During the firing process, the pressure of the sintering atmosphere in the sintering furnace is kept stable at atmospheric pressure.

[0018] The sintering furnace can be a conventional sintering furnace, a tunnel kiln sintering furnace, or an induction sintering furnace. The volume of the mold cavity before pressing is 5%-20% larger than the volume after pressing. When the temperature of the heated billet reaches the preset temperature, the volume ratio of the molten metal in the finished product is optimally below 10%. The porosity left in the finished billet after subsequent hot pressing is preferably zero or less than 10% of the billet volume, in order to avoid creating pores into which the impregnation material cannot penetrate.

[0019] Furthermore, step 4 specifically involves: 4.1: Prepare clamps corresponding to the dimensions of the wear-resistant semi-finished parts, as well as the corresponding metal parts; 4.2: Assemble each of the finished billet bodies into the corresponding clamps of the semi-finished parts and tighten them to form a finished billet assembly; 4.3: Install the metal parts and ceramic inserts corresponding to the wear-resistant semi-finished products into the reserved metal part welding positions on the blank assembly, and clamp the solder in the gaps between each blank and the gaps between the blank and the corresponding metal parts or ceramic inserts. 4.4: Heating melts the solder and fills the corresponding gaps to form "immersion three-dimensional welding", resulting in a semi-finished wear-resistant part.

[0020] When manufacturing parts for small equipment, the green blanks can be directly assembled into the fixtures; then solder can be placed at the joints; and then the assembled blanks can be placed in a sintering furnace for heating, and wear-resistant parts semi-finished products can be obtained through a single sintering and welding process.

[0021] Further, in step 6, the impregnation material described in step 1 is pressed into the pores of the wear-resistant component semi-finished product treated in step 5 using any of the following methods A and D: A: The wear-resistant semi-finished parts are loaded into a pressure chamber and the chamber is evacuated to 0.05~0.1 atmospheres; then the impregnation material is injected into the pressure chamber, and after it is full, the pressure is increased to 3~20 MPa, so that the impregnation material is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant semi-finished parts; finally, the wear-resistant semi-finished parts are taken out and sent to an oven at 150~200℃ or cured by light; the impregnation material is a resin bonding material. B: After wrapping the wear-resistant semi-finished parts in a plastic film bag, place them into a pressure chamber and evacuate the pressure chamber and the plastic film bag to 0.05~0.1 atmospheres. Then, inject the encapsulating material into the plastic film bag, and simultaneously inject pressurized water or pressurized oil into the pressure chamber. After the encapsulating material and pressurized water or pressurized oil are filled, pressurize the pressure chamber to 3~20MPa, so that the encapsulating material penetrates into the pores of the wear-resistant semi-finished parts. Finally, remove the wear-resistant semi-finished parts and send them to an oven at 100~120℃ to cure the encapsulating material. The encapsulating material is a resin bonding material. C: The wear-resistant semi-finished parts are loaded into a pressure chamber, and the pressure chamber is heated to 50-100°C above the melting point of the impregnation material; then, the pressure chamber is evacuated to 0.1-0.15 atmospheres, while the impregnation material is heated to 100-250°C above its melting point; then, the impregnation material is injected into the pressure chamber, and after it is full, 2-5 atmospheres are applied to allow the impregnation material to penetrate into the pores of the wear-resistant semi-finished parts; finally, the excess impregnation material is discharged, the wear-resistant semi-finished parts are removed, and they are allowed to cool; the impregnation material is a low-melting-point metal. D: Spray a protective coating on the surface of the wear-resistant parts semi-finished product and make a shell to cover the wear-resistant parts semi-finished product. The shell is equipped with an inner suction pipe. At the same time, make an impregnation box that can hold the wear-resistant parts semi-finished product, and the lower part of the impregnation box is connected to the melt pool through an outer suction pipe. Heat the wear-resistant parts semi-finished product with the shell to 50~200°C above the melting point of the impregnation material and put it into the impregnation box. Connect the inner suction pipe to the outer suction pipe and fill the space between the impregnation box and the shell with fine sand. After heating the encapsulating material in a molten pool to 100-250°C above its melting point, the encapsulation box is evacuated to 0.1-0.15 atmospheres, allowing the encapsulating material to enter the mold shell through the outer and inner suction tubes until the pores of the wear-resistant part semi-finished product are completely filled. The encapsulation box is then started to rotate, and the encapsulating material is evenly distributed in the pores of the wear-resistant part semi-finished product under the action of centrifugal force. Finally, the wear-resistant part semi-finished product is removed and cooled. The encapsulating material is a low-melting-point metal.

[0022] Furthermore, after sintering the green billet of the steel straight tube into a mature billet using electromagnetic induction heating, the pressure of the protective gas and / or reducing gas inside the mature billet is kept stable at atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, the rotational speed of the mature billet is maintained so that the centrifugal force on the particles on the inner wall of the billet is greater than gravity, preventing the particles from falling off. The heating temperature of the mature billet is then reduced to 50-200°C above the melting point of the low-melting-point metal. The low-melting-point metal particle impregnation material is then evenly spread on the inner side of the mature billet on the steel straight tube, causing the low-melting-point metal to melt and penetrate into the wear-resistant layer. Finally, slow and uniform cooling completes the impregnation process, producing a wear-resistant straight tube.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses powder metallurgy technology combined with grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology to first obtain a green blank, and then fire the green blank into a corresponding cooked blank. After assembly and welding, a semi-finished wear-resistant part is obtained. Then, the semi-finished wear-resistant part is trimmed and shaped. Finally, the impregnation material is pressed into the pores of the semi-finished wear-resistant part to obtain the finished wear-resistant part. Using this method, wear-resistant equipment parts with high impact resistance and connection strength, small deformation during curing, drying and sintering, no cracking, wear resistance, long service life, large volume and complex shape, and excellent acid and alkali resistance can be obtained.

[0024] 2. The grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology used in this invention allows the granular material to move along the flow direction of the grout under the viscous force of the grout during pressurization, thereby producing a uniform green body. Combined with the corresponding sintering process and immersion three-dimensional welding technology (i.e., the assembly welding process), large, complex, high-performance and different wear-resistant parts can be produced.

[0025] 3. The gold-ceramic particles used in this invention are the main wear-resistant materials. They are surface-metallized ceramic particles synthesized from coated alloy and ceramic particles. The active metal in the coated alloy reacts with the surface of the ceramic particles at a temperature of 900℃~1250℃ to generate a product with high bonding strength, which tightly connects the coated alloy and ceramic particles together, thereby providing an effective guarantee for the connection strength and wear resistance of wear-resistant parts.

[0026] 4. The gold-ceramic particles used in this invention have excellent wettability. In particular, after the metal oxides on the surface of the gold-ceramic particles and the surface of the metal powder are reduced, the surface activity is released. The molten metal can quickly fuse with them to form a new alloy, forming a continuous three-dimensional metal mesh frame that encapsulates the ceramic particles. This stabilizes the sintered product system, greatly improves the connection strength and impact resistance between the particle materials, reduces the deformation rate of the product, increases the sintering speed, and saves energy.

[0027] 5. The present invention uses ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.2~5mm. These large-particle ceramic particles have a small shrinkage ratio and low deformation rate during molding, drying and sintering. Therefore, during the production of the green body and uniform heating and sintering, it can ensure that the green body has small deformation, no cracks and no slag, thus improving product quality.

[0028] 6. This invention uses large-diameter ceramic particles, which appropriately increases the porosity of the product, thereby reducing the manufacturing pressure, energy consumption and equipment wear, preventing the breakage of large particles, and providing excellent manufacturing conditions for subsequent manufacturing processes.

[0029] 7. According to the structural requirements of wear-resistant parts, the present invention can divide them into multiple units, make green blanks for each unit, fire them into mature blanks, and then assemble and weld the prepared mature blanks and corresponding metal parts or ceramic inserts. The assembly and welding adopts immersion three-dimensional welding technology. This welding technology has high interface connection strength and excellent performance. Therefore, this process greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of large and complex parts, and realizes the simplified production of complex parts and the miniaturized manufacturing of large parts.

[0030] 8. In the green body of the present invention, the molding agent and residual grouting colloid occupy the space to be impregnated by the subsequent impregnation material. During the firing of the green body, the molding agent and residual grouting colloid degummed or decomposed and carbonized at high temperature. After a decarbonization process, the carbon in the space to be impregnated by the impregnation material is basically cleared. Then the impregnation material is impregnated into the green body. The product made in this way is a product with a continuous metal main body structure composed of gold ceramic particles and metal, and the impregnation material is an auxiliary sealing material. Therefore, the wear-resistant parts made by the present invention not only have good wear resistance, but also have excellent impact resistance.

[0031] 9. The molding agent used in this invention can be thermosetting phenolic resin or acrylamide gel. These materials cure quickly and have much less shrinkage than the dried green body. After curing, the properties are stable and do not deform. At high temperature, the molding agent carbonizes into "hard carbon" to ensure that the green body does not deform. When the green body is cooled after sintering, the "residual carbon" can be removed naturally, thereby ensuring the yield of the finished green body and improving the quality of the finished product. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the slurry pump impeller in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear wheel plate of the slurry pump impeller prepared by the grouting die-punching pressure desliming molding technology in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the assembled and welded wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-finished product of assembling and welding the wear-resistant flat plate liner in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear wheel arch steel shell and its shaping mold in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing and welding structure of the impeller of the slurry pump with shell in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Raymond mill roller sleeve with shell (double roller mill roller sleeve) in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Raymond mill roller assembly and dehydration device with shell in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Raymond mill roller sleeve with shell during secondary hot pressing and shaping in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the mold and equipment used in the preparation of wear-resistant straight pipes in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in preparing wear-resistant straight pipes in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used to prepare the metal straight tube green body in Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the high-pressure oil tank and the high-pressure airbag during the fabrication of the metal straight pipe in Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in Example 7 of the present invention for preparing a metal straight tube green billet; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in preparing the shell-bent tube in Embodiment 8 of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the slurry pump volute in Embodiment 9 of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in preparing the green blank of the slurry pump volute unit in Embodiment 9 of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in Embodiment 10 of the present invention to prepare a wear-resistant impeller by high-temperature vacuum metal impregnation. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the cold-pressed blank and hot-pressing mold structure of the shell-in-ball bladder in Embodiment 11 of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of the cold-pressed blank mold of the shell-in-ball bladder, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the hot-pressing mold of the shell-in-ball bladder. Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the cold-pressed blank and hot-pressing mold structure of the column nail in Embodiment 11 of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of the cold-pressed blank mold of the column nail, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the hot-pressing mold of the column nail; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the welding structure of the gold-ceramic cutting tooth and ceramic cutting tooth core of the tunneling machine cutting tooth core in Embodiment 11 of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tooth core green blank obtained by cold pressing, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ceramic insert tooth core made by firing structural ceramic powder. Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gold-ceramic sleeve and ceramic sleeve used for bushing welding in Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

[0033] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:101-First front wheel plate, 102-First blade, 103-First rear wheel plate, 104-First central shaft seat, 105-Metal nut, 11-Solder, 12-Foam ceramic block, 13-Lower die of the first rear wheel plate, 14-Ring die of the first rear wheel plate, 15-Liner of the first rear wheel plate, 16-Die core of the first rear wheel plate, 17-Die punch of the first rear wheel plate, 18-Die base of the first rear wheel plate, 181-Upper press, 182-Lower press; 20-Wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product, 21-Sealed elastic bag, 22-Pressurizing fluid, 23-Injection pipe, 291-Pressure box, 292-Pressure box cover, 293-Ejection hole, 294-Immersion injection pipe; 301-Second Front wheel plate blank, 302-Second blade blank, 303-Second rear wheel plate blank, 304-Second central shaft seat blank, 305-Connecting bushing, 31-Rear wheel plate iron shell, 32-Blade iron shell, 33-Front wheel plate iron shell, 34-Second rear wheel plate, 35-Second blade, 36-Second front wheel plate, 37-Central shaft seat iron shell, 38-Second central shaft seat, 391-Second rear wheel plate lower die, 392-Second rear wheel plate die core, 393-Second rear wheel plate upper die, 394-Second rear wheel plate ring die, 395-Second rear wheel plate liner, 396-Second rear wheel plate die punch; 40-Raymond mill roller sleeve grouting material colloid, 41-Dehydrated ceramic, 42 - Outer circular tube, 43- Rhomboid steel column, 44- Grouting baffle, 45- Dehydration baffle, 46- Inner circular tube, 47- First grouting port, 481- Distributor, 483- Connecting pipe, 484- Loading bin, 485- Dehydration chamber, 487- Air extraction pipe, 491- Fixed pressure seat, 492- Hot press roller, 493- Spinning expansion rod; 50- Straight tube grouting material colloid, 51- Ceramic block, 52- Circular tube mold, 53- First rotating device, 54- Hard thin plate, 55- Auxiliary equipment, 56- Scraping device; 60- Straight tube blank making material, 61- First pressurizing oil, 611- First high-pressure airbag, 612- First high-pressure oil tank, 614- 615-Isostatic pressure pressurizing equipment; 616-Oil delivery pipe valve; 617-High-pressure oil pump valve; 618-High-pressure oil pump interface; 62-First elastic body; 63-Second rotating device; 631-First rotating chuck; 64-Traction rod; 65-Induction heating sintering device; 66-First steel straight pipe; 67-First pressurizing core pipe; 68-First closed end; 70-Wear-resistant straight pipe grouting material colloid; 72-First elastic composite body; 73-Second rotating chuck; 74-Elastic closed ring; 75-First sealing ring; 76-Second steel straight pipe; 77-Second pressurizing core pipe; 78-Second closed end; 79-Sealing pressure ring;80-Grouting material colloid for bent pipe, 801-Grouting system, 802-Second grouting port, 81-Second pressurizing oil, 811-Second high-pressure airbag, 812-Second high-pressure oil tank, 813-High-pressure air pipe, 814-Second oil injection pipe, 815-Sealing valve, 82-Second elastic composite, 83-Third rotating device, 831-Third rotating chuck, 84-Elastic sealing ring, 85-Fastening pressure plate, 86-Steel shell of bent pipe, 87-Third pressurizing core tube, 88-End cap, 89-First air extraction pipe interface; 90-Vortex grouting material colloid, 91-High-pressure oil pipe interface, 92-Second elastic body, 93-Ceramic insert, 94-Second sealing ring, 95-High-pressure oil pipe, 96-Baffle metal butt ring, 97-Pressure core plate, 98-Grouting interface, 990-Outer bending template, 991-Left mold pressure plate, 992-Inner bending Template, 993-Upper mold plate, 994-Right mold plate, 995-Lower mold plate; 1000-Wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product, 1001-Low melting point aluminum metal, 1002-Filling material, 1003-Mold shell, 1005-Second suction pipe interface, 1007-Box cover, 1008-Fine sand, 1009-Box body, 1010-Feed inlet, 1011-Upper suction inner pipe, 1012-Asbestos pad, 10 13-Inner suction tube; 1014-Molten pool; 1100-Green blank body for spherical bladder; 1101-Thin shell; 1102-Main mold body; 1103-Small part punch; 1104-Top mold; 1107-Steel base; 1108-Steel cutting tooth base; 1109-Ceramic insert tooth core; 1110-Green blank body for stud pin; 1120-Green blank body for cylindrical tooth core; 1130-Cylindrical green blank body. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, used to prepare a stainless steel-based corrosion-resistant slurry pump impeller with a diameter of 700mm, including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and ceramic particles, with a volume ratio of 3.6:4.9:1.5 for powder metallurgy materials, ceramic particles, and encapsulating materials. The powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powders and molding agents consumed during the manufacturing process, with a volume ratio of 94%:6%. The metallurgical powders include copper-tin alloy powder (CuSn15) with a particle size of 200 mesh, copper-nickel-tin alloy powder (C72700) with a particle size of 120 mesh, stainless steel powder with a particle size of 100 mesh, and iron oxide powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, with a mass ratio of 8%:12%:78%:2%. The molding agent used is an alkaline liquid phenolic resin molding agent with sulfonic acid as the curing agent. The encapsulating materials are selected from vinyl resin binders and medium / high temperature curing agents (such as benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxide), and the proportions used should be added according to the requirements for vinyl resin use.

[0036] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles, which are prepared by the following method: 1.1: Prepare a coating alloy with a volume ratio of 1.05:8.95 and silicon carbide ceramic particles with a particle size of 1~1.2 mm, and a coating alloy with a volume ratio of 1.5:8.5 and silicon carbide ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.2~0.5 mm, with a volume ratio of 70%:30%; the coating alloy includes an active metal and a welding auxiliary metal with a mass ratio of 32:68, the active metal is titanium, and the welding auxiliary metal is copper and nickel with a mass ratio of 38~45:23~30.

[0037] 1.2: The coating alloy is first melted at high temperature to form a copper-titanium-nickel alloy, and then the copper-titanium-nickel alloy is made into powder; then the copper-titanium-nickel alloy powder and ceramic particles are loaded into the coating reaction tube and sealed, and then the gas in the coating reaction tube is extracted through the vacuum tube to make its vacuum degree 0.1Kpa ~5Kpa; the coating reaction tube is heated to 200℃~300℃ through the heating equipment.

[0038] 1.3: Slowly inject protective gas and reducing gas into the coating reaction tube through the gas injection pipe to dilute the residual air and reduce and remove the oxides on the metal surface, and continue to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pump to extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, and keep the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube at about one atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 500℃~700℃, the oxides on the metal surface in the auxiliary welding metal are completely reduced. At this time, close the gas injection pipe for supplying reducing gas and protective gas.

[0039] 1.4: Extract the gas from the coating reaction tube using a vacuum pump to achieve an absolute vacuum of 0.1 kPa to 5 kPa. Maintain a stable absolute vacuum and heat the coating reaction tube to 1200–1250 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. Hold the temperature for 20–25 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is complete, cool the tube to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag or mixed with an anti-oxidation protectant for later use.

[0040] Step 2: Prepare the green body of the wear-resistant impeller using grouting die-stamping and pressure-removing molding technology. First, such as Figure 1 As shown, the stainless steel-based corrosion-resistant slurry pump impeller with a diameter of 700mm is disassembled into four units: the first front wheel plate 101, the first blade 102, the first rear wheel plate 103, and the first central shaft seat 104.

[0041] Next, as Figure 2 As shown, molds are then made for each unit. In this embodiment, the process of the first rear wheel plate 103 is taken as an example. The mold includes a lower mold assembly (i.e., the first rear wheel plate lower mold 13, the first rear wheel plate mold core 16, and the first rear wheel plate liner 15), a first rear wheel plate mold base 18, a first rear wheel plate mold punch 17, and a first rear wheel plate ring mold 14. Holes for draining water are made on the first rear wheel plate lower mold 13. Foam ceramic blocks 12 with micropores for dehydration are inserted into the holes, and a plastic film with excellent elasticity is used as a separating membrane. Multiple small holes for dehydration need to be processed on the plastic film; or a release agent is applied to the inside of the mold. In addition, an upper press 181 and a lower press 182 are also required. The lower mold assembly, the first rear wheel plate mold base 18, and the first rear wheel plate ring mold 14 are installed on the lower press 182, and the first rear wheel plate mold punch 17 is installed on the upper press 181.

[0042] Next, an aqueous slurry of grouting colloid is prepared by mixing alkaline phenolic resin liquid with water at 50% of the resin volume with the blank material from step 1, and then adding a sulfonic acid curing agent to form a grouting colloid that can flow under pressure.

[0043] Finally, the gas in the grout is removed by vacuum, and then the grout is metered and poured into the mold cavity of the first rear wheel plate 103. The grout is spread and smoothed by a spreading tool, and then the hydraulic press is started to close and seal the mold. The first rear wheel plate die punch 17 is used to pressurize the grout and squeeze out the aqueous slurry in the grout. When the first rear wheel plate die punch 17 descends to the set position, it stops descending. The internal temperature of the mold is adjusted to make the blank material gel and form. After demolding, correction and filling defects, the rear wheel plate green blank is made.

[0044] By completing the fabrication of the first front wheel plate 101, the first blade 102, and the first central shaft seat 104 green blanks according to the above method, the green blanks corresponding to each unit are obtained.

[0045] The grouting and die-casting pressure-release molding technology has the following characteristics: 1. Grouting die punching and dehydration molding is suitable for the preparation of large products. The product design is first decomposed into multiple individual parts, and then grouting die punching and dehydration molding is used to make the product. This method is mainly suitable for making large slurry pump impellers and front and rear baffles, large axial flow pump blades, large material discharge chute liners, etc.

[0046] 2. When the proportion of gold-ceramic particles in the finished product is less than about 40%, existing powder metallurgy technology can be used for the metal powder formulation, forming agent, and die-stamping pressure during molding. The pressure can reach tens or hundreds of MPa. The proportion of molten metal in the metal powder to the total volume of the finished product is no more than 10%, which ensures excellent product performance and prevents deformation during manufacturing and sintering. When the finished product contains multi-level gold-ceramic particles, and the volume ratio of gold-ceramic particles reaches or exceeds 50%~60%, the die-stamping pressure can only be a few MPa to tens of MPa. The gold-ceramic particles are mainly connected by brazing with molten metal. Therefore, the proportion of molten metal in the metal powder will be greatly increased, and it is possible to use molten metal powder for all metal powder, thus enabling the production of wear-resistant parts with a high proportion of gold-ceramic particles and excellent performance. 3. Although products with a high proportion of ceramic particles exhibit excellent performance, when manufacturing products with uneven thickness, pressure cannot achieve a uniformly distributed internal structure. However, the slurry-casting and pressurized desliming molding technology allows the granular material to move in the direction of slurry flow under the viscous force of the slurry, thus obtaining a product with uniform material. When the volume of ceramic particles in the product is relatively low, a small dose of lubricating molding agent is used, and the performance requirements of the molding agent are relatively low, and the price is inexpensive. When the volume of ceramic particles in the product is relatively high, an appropriate amount of reactive solidification molding agent (which maintains the product's shape at high temperatures with residual carbon) is used, ensuring that the green body containing a high proportion of ceramic particles does not deform, crack, or slag during high-temperature sintering.

[0047] 4. The die-stamping and pressure forming process is fast and facilitates automated production.

[0048] Step 3: Place all the green billets into a sintering furnace and fire them to produce the corresponding finished billets. In this embodiment, a tunnel kiln sintering furnace is used for sintering. First, the sintering furnace is heated to a higher temperature. According to the copper-nickel-tin alloy powder (melting point 1060℃) which has the highest melting point among the metals involved in the melting and bonding of the metallurgical powder in step 1, the heating temperature of the tunnel kiln sintering furnace is designed. At the same time, protective gas and reducing gas are introduced into the furnace. When the temperature inside the tunnel kiln sintering furnace rises to 1065~1100℃, the green blanks of the first front wheel plate 101, the first blade 102, the first rear wheel plate 103, and the first central shaft seat 104, which have been formed, are fed into the tunnel kiln sintering furnace from one end for firing. The green blanks are first heated and sintered in the front section of the kiln to melt the fusible metal and begin to reduce the oxide layer on the surface of the iron oxide powder and particles. When the green blanks enter the heat preservation sintering section, the medium molten metal melts and the sintering is completed. The green blanks then enter the cooling zone and are cooled to the set temperature. The fired green blanks corresponding to the first front wheel plate 101, the first blade 102, the first rear wheel plate 103, and the first central shaft seat 104 are obtained from the other end outlet.

[0049] Step 4: Assemble and weld the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product Reference Figure 3 First, the metal nut 105 is brazed into the first central shaft seat 104. Then, the blanks of a first front wheel plate 101, a first rear wheel plate 103, five first blades 102, and a first central shaft seat 104 are assembled into the shaping fixture. Before assembly, the solder 11 is clamped between the five first blades 102 and the first front wheel plate 101, the first rear wheel plate 103, and the first central shaft seat 104. Then, the first front wheel plate 101, the first rear wheel plate 103, the five first blades 102, and the first central shaft seat 104 are fastened and fixed to form a blank assembly. After assembly and fixing, it is placed in a sintering furnace for heating and heating, so that the solder 11 melts and fills the gaps between the blanks. At this time, some of the molten solder 11 will penetrate into the reserved holes to form "three-dimensional welding" to make a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product. After the heating, welding and cooling are completed, the fixture is removed.

[0050] Step 5: Repair, straighten, adjust dynamic balance and perform welding repairs on the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product according to the actual situation to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0051] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product under high pressure to obtain the wear-resistant impeller finished product.

[0052] Reference Figure 4A pressure box 291, designed to hold at least the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product, is constructed according to its shape. The wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product is then placed into the pressure box 291 and sealed with a pressure box cover 292. Gas is extracted from the sealed pressure box 291 through a vent 293, bringing the pressure inside the pressure box 291 to 0.05-0.1 atmospheres. The impregnation material prepared in step 1 is then injected into the sealed pressure box 291. After filling, pressure is applied to bring the pressure inside the pressure box 291 to 8 MPa, ensuring that the impregnation material completely fills the impregnation pores of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product. After filling, the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product is removed and placed in a drying oven at 150-200°C for curing. Once the impregnation material in the pores of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product has cured, the finished wear-resistant impeller is produced.

[0053] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology, used to prepare simple wear-resistant flat plate liners, including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, ceramic particles, and encapsulating materials is 4.2:4.3:1.5; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the manufacturing process, and the volume ratio of the two is 98.5%:1.5%; the metallurgical powder includes zinc powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, copper powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, cuprous oxide with a particle size of 320 mesh, and iron powder with a particle size of 80 mesh, and the mass ratio of the four is 10%:11%:4%:75%. The forming agent uses graphite powder and zinc stearate forming agent; In this embodiment, the impregnation material is selected from vinyl resin adhesive and room temperature curing agent (accelerator and initiator). The vinyl resin adhesive is selected from vinyl resin and styrene as a reaction diluent, and the mass ratio is: (vinyl resin + styrene): accelerator: curing agent = 100: (1~3): (2~5).

[0054] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles, which are prepared by the following method: 1.1: Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 1.1:8.9; wherein the ceramic particles are alumina particles with a particle size of 0.8~1 mm; the coating alloy includes an active metal, a welding auxiliary metal, and a molten metal with a mass ratio of 25:70:5; the active metal is titanium (powder), the welding auxiliary metal is copper (powder), and the molten metal is a copper-titanium-tin alloy containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0055] 1.2: The ceramic particles and the coating alloy are respectively loaded into the coating reaction tube and sealed. Then, the gas in the coating reaction tube is extracted through the vacuum tube to make its vacuum degree 0.1Kpa ~5Kpa. Then, the coating reaction tube is heated to 200℃~300℃ through the heating equipment.

[0056] 1.3: Slowly inject protective gas and reducing gas into the coating reaction tube through the gas injection pipe to dilute the residual air and reduce and remove the oxides on the metal surface, and continue to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pump to extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, and keep the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube at about one atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 500-550℃, the oxides on the metal surface in the auxiliary welding metal and the ignition metal are completely reduced. At this time, close the gas injection pipe for supplying reducing gas and protective gas.

[0057] 1.4: Extract the gas from the coating reaction tube using a vacuum pump to achieve an absolute vacuum of 0.1 kPa to 5 kPa. Maintain a stable absolute vacuum and heat the coating reaction tube to 1100–1150 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. Maintain the temperature for 25–30 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is complete, cool the tube to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag or mixed with an anti-oxidation protectant for later use.

[0058] Step 2: Prepare wear-resistant flat plate green bodies using grouting die-stamping and pressure-removing molding technology. First, since wear-resistant flat plates are generally large-area and varied-shaped accessories, they can be decomposed into multiple individual units of different shapes such as hexagons, quadrilaterals, trapezoids, and triangulars, and then assembled by welding. Each individual unit can be molded into a green blank using a simplified process.

[0059] Next, a mold corresponding to each monomer is prepared. The mold includes a flat lower mold, a flat mold base, a flat mold punch, and a flat ring mold, similar to the mold in Example 1. After the mold is prepared, a release agent is applied to the inner wall of the mold and to the mold cavity.

[0060] Finally, since the structure of the wear-resistant flat plate is relatively simple, it is not necessary to equip it with grouting material. The blank material is directly and evenly loaded into the mold. After the blank material is scraped and smoothed by the combing and leveling tool, the hydraulic press is started to pressurize and lower the flat plate die to the set position. The green blank is then pressed into shape, demolded, corrected and filled to produce the corresponding flat plate green blank.

[0061] Step 3: Place all the green billets into a sintering furnace and fire them to produce the corresponding finished billets. This embodiment uses a tunnel kiln sintering furnace for firing. First, the sintering furnace is heated to a high temperature. The heating temperature of the tunnel kiln sintering furnace is set according to the highest melting point of copper powder (melting point 1083℃) among the metals involved in the melting and bonding of the metallurgical powder in step 1. Simultaneously, protective gas and reducing gas are introduced into the furnace. When the tunnel kiln temperature reaches 1090~1100℃, each prepared green billet is fed into the tunnel kiln sintering furnace from one end for firing. The green billets undergo heating and sintering at the front of the kiln to melt the fusible metals and begin reducing the oxide layer on the surface of the iron oxide powder and particles. When the green billets enter the heat preservation sintering section, the medium-melting metal melts. After sintering is completed, the green billets enter the cooling zone and are cooled to the set temperature. The fired finished billets are then obtained from the other end of the furnace.

[0062] Step 4: Assemble and weld the semi-finished wear-resistant flat plate. The various pre-cast blanks of the wear-resistant plate are assembled into a fixture for manufacturing the wear-resistant plate and fastened in place to form a pre-cast blank assembly. Heating melts the solder 11, filling the gaps between the individual blanks, and a portion of the molten solder 11 is immersed into pre-reserved sealing holes in each blank, forming a "three-dimensional weld" to produce a semi-finished wear-resistant surface. The heating and welding can be performed using either overall simultaneous heating or localized heating, depending on the actual situation. After the heating and welding are completed, the fixture is removed to obtain the semi-finished wear-resistant plate 20.

[0063] Step 5: Repair, reshape, and repair the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product according to the actual situation.

[0064] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20 under high pressure; to obtain the wear-resistant flat plate finished product.

[0065] like Figure 4As shown, a pressure box 291 is made according to the shape of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20, which is at least large enough to hold the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20. A sealing and isolating plastic elastic bag 21 is wrapped around the surface of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20. Then, the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20 with the plastic elastic bag 21 is placed into the pressure box 291, so that the plastic elastic bag 21 is connected in parallel with the impregnation injection pipe 294, and the pressure box 291 is sealed. The air in the pressure box 291 is extracted through the air extraction hole 293. Then, the pressurizing liquid 22 (water) is injected into the pressure box 291 through the liquid injection pipe 23 and filled. The gas in the pores of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20 is extracted through the impregnation injection pipe 294 to make it reach 0.05~0.1 atmospheres. Then Turn on the switching valve to open the impregnation injection pump, and inject the impregnation material (vinyl resin) prepared in step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20 through the impregnation injection pipe 294; after filling, pressurize to 10MPa, and simultaneously pressurize to 10MPa in the pressure tank 291 through the liquid injection pipe 23 and inject pressurizing liquid 22 (water); the pressure on the liquid injection pipe 22 is slightly greater than the pressure on the impregnation injection pipe 294 by 0.05~0.1 atmospheres; so that the impregnation material fills the pores of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20; after pressurization and filling, take out the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20; send it into an oven at 100~120℃ for curing, so that the impregnation material in the pores of the wear-resistant flat plate semi-finished product 20 is cured, and the wear-resistant flat plate finished product is produced.

[0066] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure desliming molding technology, used to produce an impeller for an iron-based slurry pump with a diameter of 700mm. The method employs a combination of shell-mounted grouting die-casting with pressure desliming molding and secondary hot pressing for shaping. The manufacturing method includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, ceramic particles and encapsulating materials is 4.5:4.4:1.1; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the production, and the volume ratio of the two is 98%:2%; the metallurgical powder includes zinc powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, copper powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, iron powder with a particle size of 80 mesh, iron particles with a particle size of 0.5 micrometers and iron oxide powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, and the mass ratio of the five is 6%:14%:51%:25%:4%; the forming agent is prepared by using 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution and lubricant graphite or by using paraffin wax as the forming agent.

[0067] The gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles, and their preparation method is the same as that in Example 2. The ceramic particles are selected from two types of alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.5~0.8 mm, and the mass ratio of the two is 75%:25%.

[0068] In this embodiment, the encapsulating material is selected from vinyl resin adhesives and medium / high temperature curing agents (such as benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxide). The specific usage ratio can be added according to the requirements of vinyl resin.

[0069] Step 2: The green body is prepared by combining the shell-type grouting mold punching and pressure dehydration with secondary hot pressing. The metallurgical powder in the slurry pump impeller prepared in this embodiment contains metal particles. These particles need to be deformed under high temperature and pressure to obtain components with superior performance. Therefore, a shell-mounted grouting die is used for pressurized dehydration and blanking, followed by a second high-temperature pressing to produce the blank. The aqueous slurry for preparing the grouting colloid is prepared by mixing a 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution with all the blank-making materials to create a pressurized, flowable grouting colloid.

[0070] like Figure 6 As shown, based on the structure of the slurry pump impeller with a diameter of 700mm, it is divided into a second rear impeller plate 34, a second blade 35, a second front impeller plate 36, and a second central shaft seat 38. Next, two sets of four molds are designed and manufactured. One set of four molds is for manufacturing the front impeller plate iron shell 33, the rear impeller plate iron shell 31, the blade iron shell 32, and the central shaft seat iron shell 37; the other set of four molds is for secondary hot pressing of the second rear impeller plate 34, the second blade 35, the second front impeller plate 36, and the second central shaft seat 38.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment takes the manufacturing process of the second rear wheel arch 34 as an example. First, a shaping mold for the rear wheel arch steel shell 31 is manufactured, including a combined lower mold (second rear wheel arch lower mold 391, second rear wheel arch mold core 392, second rear wheel arch liner 395), a second rear wheel arch upper mold 393, a second rear wheel arch die punch 396, and a second rear wheel arch ring mold 394. Next, a thin steel plate of one millimeter is selected and pressed to form the upper and lower shells of the rear wheel arch steel shell 31. Then, the two are welded together. The welded rear wheel arch steel shell 31 is about 20% thicker than the finished second rear wheel arch 34. Afterward, the above-mentioned shaping molds are installed on a press.

[0072] Add the aqueous slurry prepared in step 2 to the blank material prepared in step 1, mix evenly to obtain grout colloid, and remove the gas from the grout colloid. Measure and pour the grout colloid into the cavity of the rear wheel plate iron shell 31, and seal the pouring port after filling. Then place it into the shaping mold; start the hydraulic press to close the mold, apply the first pressure to the cavity of the rear wheel plate iron shell 31, and squeeze out the aqueous slurry in the grout colloid; when the second rear wheel plate die punch 396 descends to about 5% of the final set position, stop descending; inject heated gas to discharge the remaining aqueous slurry in the grout colloid, adjust the temperature inside the mold to allow the blank material to gel and form, demold, correct, and fill defects to produce the shelled second rear wheel plate blank 303 (at this time, it is a green blank).

[0073] The preparation of the shelled green blanks of the second blade 35, the second front wheel plate 36, and the second central shaft seat 38 can be completed by following the above method.

[0074] Step 3: Place all the green billets into a sintering furnace and fire them to produce the corresponding finished billets. This embodiment uses a conventional sintering furnace for firing. First, the green billet is placed on a material rack, which is then pushed into the sintering furnace. The furnace door is closed, and the furnace is heated to a certain temperature. The heating temperature of the sintering furnace is set to 1090~1100℃, based on copper powder (melting point 1083℃), which has the highest melting point among the metals involved in the melting and bonding of the metallurgical powders in step 1. Simultaneously, protective gas and reducing gas are introduced into the furnace. Once the sintering furnace temperature reaches the set temperature, the billet is removed and placed into a shaping mold. The hydraulic press is activated to close the mold, applying a second pressure to the second rear wheel plate billet 303 inside the rear wheel plate outer shell 31. The downward pressure from the die punch 396 reduces the volume of the second rear wheel plate billet 303 by approximately 5%, achieving the design specifications. After cooling, a finished billet of the shelled second rear wheel plate is obtained. Similarly, finished billets of the shelled second blade 35, second front wheel plate 36, and second central shaft seat 38 are also obtained.

[0075] Step 4: Assemble and weld the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product like Figure 6As shown, the outer shells at the connections between the second rear wheel blank 303, the second blade blank 302, the second front wheel blank 301, and the second central shaft blank 304 (all of which are finished blanks) from step 3 are removed. The assembled components are then placed into a shaping fixture. Before assembly, the solder 11 is clamped at the connections between the finished blanks and then fastened to form a blank assembly. The entire assembly is then placed in a sintering furnace and heated to melt the solder 11, filling the gaps between the blanks. At this time, some of the molten solder 11 will penetrate into the pre-reserved sealing holes, forming a "three-dimensional weld" to create a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product. After heating, welding, and cooling, the fixture is removed, and the product is trimmed to create a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product. During sintering, the connecting shaft sleeve 305 can also be installed and welded on simultaneously. Step 5: Repair, straighten, adjust dynamic balance and perform welding repairs on the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product according to the actual situation to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0076] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product under high pressure to obtain the finished wear-resistant impeller. The scheme of Step 6 in this embodiment is the same as Step 6 in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0077] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, used to prepare Raymond mill roller sleeves (double roller mill roller sleeves) with a diameter of 400mm and a length of 600mm. The method employs a shell-mounted grouting injection pressurized dehydration preform forming combined with secondary hot pressing, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making materials The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and gold-ceramic particles, with a volume ratio of 5.3:4.7. This embodiment does not use an impregnation material. The powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and a forming agent consumed during the manufacturing process, with a volume ratio of 98%:2%. The metallurgical powder includes zinc powder (120 mesh), copper powder (120 mesh), iron powder (80 mesh), iron particles (0.8 micrometers), and iron oxide powder (320 mesh), with a mass ratio of 6%:14%:45%:25%:10%. The forming agent is a 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution.

[0078] The preparation method of the surface metallized ceramic particles described in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 2. The ceramic particles selected are two types of alumina ceramic particles with surface metallization particle sizes of 2.2~2.5 mm and 0.5~0.8 mm, and the mass ratio of the two is 85%:15%.

[0079] Step 2: The process and equipment for grout injection, pressurized dehydration, and secondary hot pressing to form the billet. This embodiment requires that no encapsulating material be added to the product; instead, the shelled preform is pressed into a dense Raymond mill roller sleeve under high temperature and pressure. Figure 7 As shown, the Raymond mill roller sleeve is inlaid with orderly arranged rhomboid steel columns 43 (or circular steel columns), and the rhomboid steel columns 43 can be deformed under pressure at high temperature.

[0080] Grouting injection, pressurized dehydration, and hot pressing molding belong to a two-stage pressurization molding technology. Raymond mill roller sleeves are suitable for workpieces requiring two-stage hot pressing. First, the Raymond mill roller sleeve is manufactured using a loading and dehydration device. The loading device includes a loading bin 484, a distributor 481, and a connecting pipe 483 with a valve. The dehydration device includes a dehydration chamber 485 and an extraction pipe 487 (e.g., ...). Figure 8 , 9 (As shown). Next, a mold for processing the cavity shell is designed and manufactured according to the shape of the accessory. The cavity shell consists of an outer circular tube 42 and an inner circular tube 46, both of which are made of steel pipes. Multiple rhomboid steel columns 43 are welded between the outer circular tube 42 and the inner circular tube 46 in an orderly manner. A grouting baffle 44 is installed at the upper end of the cavity shell, and a first grouting port 47 is provided on the grouting baffle 44. A dehydration baffle 45 is also installed at the lower end of the cavity shell, and ceramics 41 with dehydration micropores are embedded in the dehydration baffle 45. Finally, a spinning expansion tube press is selected as the secondary hot pressing equipment. The spinning expansion tube press includes a fixed pressure seat 491, a spinning expansion tube rod 493, and a hot press roller 492.

[0081] In use, firstly, the outer round tube 42, inner round tube 46, rhomboid steel column 43, grouting baffle 44, and dehydration baffle 45 are assembled and welded to form a steel cavity shell. Then, multiple rhomboid steel columns 43 are arranged in an orderly manner and welded into the cavity shell. The grouting baffle 44 and dehydration baffle 45 are welded to the upper and lower ends of the cavity shell, respectively. Then, the distributor 481 and dehydration chamber 485 are clamped onto both ends of the cavity shell, and the clamping joints are sealed. The valve at the connecting pipe 483 is closed, and the billet material is prepared according to step 1. A 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is added to the billet material to form a Raymond mill roller sleeve grouting colloid 40 that can be pressurized and flowed. This colloid is placed into the loading hopper 484, and the gas in the Raymond mill roller sleeve grouting colloid 40 is removed by vacuum. At the same time, the gas in the cavity shell is extracted through the air extraction pipe 487 interface on the dehydration chamber 485, so that the gas pressure in the cavity is lower than 0.15 atmospheres. Then, open the valve at the connecting pipe 483 and pressurize the surface of the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 in the loading bin 484, so that the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 flows into the distributor 481 through the connecting pipe 483. The distributor 481 divides the flow so that the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 flows evenly through the first grouting port 47 on the grouting baffle 44 into the slot between the rhomboid steel columns 43 in the cavity shell. After filling, the excess aqueous slurry in the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 is desorbed under pressure. The liquid-removing ceramic 41 on the liquid baffle 45 enters the liquid-removing chamber 485 through micropores and then exits; the remaining Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 will deposit at the bottom of the cavity shell. Under the action of micro-vibration, the remaining material of the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 will form a dense accumulation; as the amount of remaining material accumulates and excess aqueous slurry is discharged, the Raymond mill roller sleeve grout colloid 40 needs to be continuously pressurized and replenished, with a pressure of not less than 3~5MPa, until the deposited material fills the cavity shell and then the feeding stops. At this time, the distributor 481 and the liquid-removing chamber 485 are removed and the liquid-removing baffle 45 is closed. Except for leaving a small vent hole on the grouting baffle 44, all other first grouting ports 47 are closed. The cavity shell is heated to about 150~200℃ to evaporate and discharge the remaining water in the cavity shell; then the cavity shell is placed in the fixed pressure seat 491 (e.g. Figure 9 As shown, the spinning expander rod 493 is activated, which drives the hot press roller 492 to rotate and pressurize the cavity shell, reducing the volume inside the cavity shell by about 3-5% to achieve the designed volume. Finally, the cavity shell is removed to obtain the green blank with the shell.

[0082] Step 3: Firing the green blank of the Raymond mill roller sleeve with shell. This embodiment uses a conventional sintering furnace for firing. First, the green blank with the shelled Raymond mill roller sleeve is placed on a material rack, and the material rack is pushed into the sintering furnace and the furnace door is closed. Then, the sintering furnace is heated, and sintering protective gas is simultaneously introduced into the sintering furnace. According to step 1, copper powder (melting point 1083℃), which has the highest melting point among the metals involved in melting and bonding in the metallurgical powder, is set to a maximum heating temperature of 1090~1100℃. After the green blank with the shelled Raymond mill roller sleeve reaches the set temperature in the sintering furnace through heating, sintering at higher temperatures, and holding sintering, it is removed and placed in a fixed pressure holder 491 (e.g., Figure 9 As shown), the spinning expansion rod 493 is started, which carries the hot pressure roller 492 to rotate and pressurize the cavity shell. The pressurization makes the molten metal fill all the gaps in the cavity shell. When the cavity shell is completely compacted, the temperature is lowered to obtain the cooked blank.

[0083] Step 4: After trimming the molten blank according to the design requirements, the wear-resistant Raymond mill roller sleeve is made into a finished product.

[0084] The Raymond mill roller sleeve produced in this embodiment is 600mm in length and has a relatively small overall size. If a larger Raymond mill roller sleeve is to be produced, it can be divided into multiple units during the green blank preparation stage. After the green blank is fired, the individual units can be combined and welded together in the manner described in the previous embodiment to obtain the corresponding semi-finished product. After trimming, the wear-resistant Raymond mill roller sleeve of the corresponding size can be obtained.

[0085] The grouting injection, pressurized dehydration, and hot pressing molding method used in this embodiment has the following characteristics: 1. Grouting injection pressurized dehydration hot pressing molding is suitable for decomposing large products into units, using grouting injection pressurized dehydration, and then hot pressing molding them into products in two (or more) stages. It is mainly applicable to the production of large slurry pump impellers and front and rear baffles, large axial flow pump blades, large material discharge chute liners, various grinding roller sleeves, various pressure roller sleeves, various tubular wear-resistant equipment shell liners, grinding barrels, conveying pipes, etc.

[0086] 2. When the volume ratio of gold and ceramic particles in the finished product material is less than 45%, a zero-impregnation material manufacturing scheme can be adopted in the process of grouting injection, pressurization and dehydration hot pressing, and a dense product can be made by secondary hot pressing. If the volume ratio of gold and ceramic particles is higher than 50%, the volume ratio of impregnation material in the blank made by secondary hot pressing should preferably be higher than 10%, so as to avoid the formation of closed micro-cavities in the blank and avoid the impregnation material failing to fill the gaps of the product.

[0087] 3. Grouting injection pressurized dehydration hot pressing is fundamentally different from shell-type hot pressing in powder metallurgy. Shell-type hot pressing in powder metallurgy involves producing products with high density and extremely low porosity from fine metal powder under high temperature and pressure. In contrast, shell-type grouting injection pressurized dehydration hot pressing is a constant-volume forming process. At high temperature, some of the metal in the billet is melted, and a lower pressure is applied to make the particles in the billet adhere tightly. The molten metal between the particles is extruded and expanded, increasing the connection area for molten brazing and greatly improving the connection strength and wear resistance of the product. At the same time, constant-volume forming can ensure the percentage of porosity in the product.

[0088] 4. The production speed is fast by using grouting injection, pressurization and dehydration hot pressing molding, which facilitates the implementation of automated production.

[0089] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology. The method is used to prepare a wear-resistant straight pipe with an outer diameter of 700mm, a length of 1000mm, and a wear-resistant layer thickness of 25mm. The green pipe is prepared using grouting and centrifugal pressure dehydration molding technology. The preparation method of this wear-resistant straight pipe is as follows: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, ceramic particles and encapsulating materials is 3.5:4.9:1.6; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the production process, and the volume ratio of the two is 95%:5%; the metallurgical powder includes zinc powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, copper powder with a particle size of 150 mesh, iron powder with a particle size of 150 mesh, and iron oxide powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, and the mass ratio of the four is 18%:20%:47%:15%; the forming agent is selected as an aqueous solution composed of acrylamide monomer and corresponding methylenebisacrylamide crosslinking agent, corresponding catalyst and initiator, with a mass ratio of 15~20%.

[0090] The preparation method of the ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 2. The ceramic particles selected are two types of alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.3~0.5 mm, respectively, and the mass ratio of the two is 85%:15%.

[0091] For impregnation materials, select vinyl resin adhesives and medium / high temperature curing agents (such as benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxide), and add them in proportions according to the requirements for vinyl resin use.

[0092] Step 2: Prepare green bodies using grouting, centrifugal, and pressure-based dehydration technology. A. Prepare the grouting material and related equipment for straight pipe grouting. The blank material from step 1 is used to prepare a straight pipe grouting colloid with an aqueous slurry. The aqueous slurry is composed of 5% to 10% by mass of acrylamide monomer, a corresponding methylenebisacrylamide crosslinking agent, a corresponding catalyst, and an initiator.

[0093] Combination Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment uses a pressure-induced dehydration technique to produce the blank, and employs a centrifugal pressure-induced dehydration molding process to produce a straight pipe with a diameter of 700mm. A split steel circular pipe mold 52 is designed and manufactured, which is composed of 2 to 4 parts along the axial direction. When in use, the parts are connected and fastened to obtain the circular pipe mold 52. At the same time, multiple holes are machined on the circular pipe mold 52, and each hole is fitted with a ceramic block 51 with dehydration micropores. After demolding treatment, a thin layer of glass fiber felt is applied to the inside of the circular pipe mold 52. A layer of flexible rigid thin plate 54 with micropores is applied to the inside of the glass fiber felt, so that the aqueous slurry can be discharged from a set position.

[0094] In addition, a first rotating device 53 with adjustable speed is required, and the length of the first rotating device 53 is 1000mm. If the device is not long enough, the blank can be decomposed into two or more individual units for production. After preparation, the round tube mold 52 is fastened to the rotating chuck of the first rotating device 53. Retaining rings are installed at both ends of the round tube mold 52, and the rotating chuck is connected to a power component with adjustable speed function. At the same time, auxiliary device 55 is also required, which is equipped with a leveling device 56 with material spreading and combing functions.

[0095] B. Preparation using grouting centrifugal pressure dehydration technology Vacuum removal of gas from the straight pipe grout colloid 50 is performed. The first rotating device 53, with the round pipe mold 52 installed, is then started and rotated at a low speed with slight vibration. When the rotation speed reaches a point where the centrifugal force on the material falling onto the inner wall of the round pipe mold 52 is greater than gravity, ensuring the material will not fall off, the prepared straight pipe grout colloid 50 is metered and poured into the cavity of the round pipe mold 52. A leveling device 56 is used to smooth and even out the straight pipe grout colloid 50 within the cavity of the rotating, slightly vibrating round pipe mold 52. Then, the speed of the first rotating device 53 is increased to the set speed. At this speed, the inertial centrifugal force centrifugally ejects excess aqueous slurry from the straight pipe grout colloid 50. The built-in induction heating device is used to heat the straight pipe grout colloid 50 to approximately 100°C, causing it to gel and solidify. After solidification, the material is cooled, and the straight pipe mold 52 is removed. The material is then demolded, corrected, and any defects are filled to produce a green blank of a wear-resistant straight pipe. In this process, the aqueous slurry is ejected through the micropores on the rigid thin plate 54, then through the gaps in the glass fiber felt, and finally through the micropores of the ceramic block 51 on the round tube mold 52.

[0096] Step 3: Firing the green billet of the wear-resistant straight tube into a mature billet. This embodiment uses a conventional sintering furnace. First, the green billet is placed on a material rack, which is then pushed into the sintering furnace. The furnace door is closed, and the furnace is heated according to the heating curve. Based on the copper powder (melting point 1083℃), which has the highest melting point among the metals involved in the melting and bonding of the metallurgical powders in step 1, the heating temperature of the sintering furnace is set to 1090~1100℃. Simultaneously, protective gas and reducing gas are introduced into the furnace. Once the temperature inside the sintering furnace reaches the set temperature, it is held and cooled according to the heating curve. When the temperature drops to approximately 700℃, air is slowly introduced to remove carbon, and finally, the furnace is cooled to obtain a finished green billet.

[0097] Step 4: Assemble and weld the wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product If the workpiece is made into two or more blanks, the two joints are coated with solder 11 and fixed together. Then, the joints are heated by induction heating to melt the solder 11 and fill the gaps between the blanks. At this time, some of the melted solder 11 will be immersed into the reserved impregnation holes, thus forming a "three-dimensional welding" to make a wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product.

[0098] Step 5: Adjust the wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product according to the actual situation to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0099] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product under high pressure.

[0100] Specifically, an annular pressure box is manufactured, and then the operation is carried out according to step 6 in Example 1 to finally obtain the wear-resistant straight pipe product.

[0101] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology. It is used to prepare a straight metal pipe shell with an outer diameter of 400mm, a wall thickness of 5mm, a length of 600mm, and a wear-resistant layer thickness of 15mm. The method employs a combination of grouting, centrifugal, and isostatic pressing molding technology, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and gold-ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, gold-ceramic particles and encapsulating materials is 3.7:4.3:2; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the manufacturing process, and the volume ratio of the two is 95%:5%; the metallurgical powder includes 320-mesh copper powder, 120-mesh aluminum powder, 120-mesh zinc powder, 120-mesh tin powder and 100-mesh iron powder with anti-oxidation protective agent on the surface, and the mass ratio of the five is 44.5%:2.5%:2.5%:0.5%; 50%; the forming agent is an aqueous solution of methylcellulose containing 1%.

[0102] The preparation method of the ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 2. The ceramic particles selected are two types of alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.5~0.8 mm, respectively, and their mass ratio is 90%:10%. The encapsulating material in this embodiment is aluminum metal particles.

[0103] Step 2: The green body is produced by isostatic pressing using a combination of infusion and centrifugal molding. A. Prepare equipment for isostatic pressing to produce green blanks. like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, a second rotating device 63 is prepared. A first steel straight tube 66 is fastened and clamped onto a first rotating chuck 631 of the second rotating device 63. Both ends of the first steel straight tube 66 are equipped with retaining rings. The first rotating chuck 631 is connected to a power source with speed regulation function.

[0104] The isostatic pressing equipment is designed and manufactured as follows: First, a steel first pressing core tube 67 is processed. The diameter of the first pressing core tube 67 is smaller than the diameter of the wear-resistant tube to be manufactured after being loaded with material. The outer side of the first pressing core tube 67 is wrapped with a first elastic body 62, and the outer surface of the first elastic body 62 is coated with a release agent. The effective working length of the first pressing core tube 67 is greater than 600mm. A first oil injection pipe 614 is installed on the first pressing core tube 67. One end of the first oil injection pipe 614 is inserted between the first pressing core tube 67 and the first elastic body 62. The other end of the first oil injection pipe 614 is connected to a first high-pressure oil tank 612 and a high-pressure oil pump. The first high-pressure oil tank 612 is fixed on the first pressing core tube 67 and moves together with the first pressing core tube 67. The first high-pressure oil tank 612 contains an inflatable first high-pressure air bladder 611 (as shown in Figure 13). The isostatic pressing equipment 615 is installed on a railcar and can rotate synchronously with the second rotating device 63. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a material spreading equipment for evenly spreading, combing, and leveling the billet material inside the first steel straight pipe 66.

[0105] B. Isostatic pressing process for producing green blanks The straight tube blank material 60 prepared in step 1 is loaded onto the spreading equipment for later use; the first steel straight tube 66 is clamped onto the second rotating device 63, and the second rotating device 63 is started to rotate. When the rotation speed reaches the set speed, the spreading equipment is started, and the straight tube blank material 60 is spread, combed, and scraped evenly before being removed from the spreading equipment. Then, high-pressure gas to 3-5 atmospheres is injected into the first high-pressure airbag 611. The rotational power is activated to drive the isostatic pressing device 615 to rotate. When the rotational speed is the same as that of the first steel straight pipe 66, the isostatic pressing device 615 is fed into the first steel straight pipe 66 along the track and connected to the traction rod 64. Then, the first closed end 68 is closed. The oil supply valve 616 is opened, and the first pressurizing oil 61 in the first high-pressure oil tank 612 is injected into the space between the first pressurizing core tube 67 and the first elastic body 62 through the first oil injection pipe 614 under the expansion pressure of the first high-pressure air bladder 611. This causes the first elastic body 62, which contains a release agent, to expand and pressurize the straight pipe blank material 60. When the set pressure (0.3MPa~0.5MPa) is reached, rotation is stopped, and the oil supply valve 616 is closed. The high-pressure oil pump interface 618 is connected to the high-pressure oil pump, and the high-pressure oil pump valve 617 is opened to inject the first pressurizing oil 61 to apply high pressure to the straight pipe blank material 60 again, making the straight pipe blank material 60 more compact. After reaching the set high pressure (10MPa~15MPa), the first steel straight tube 66 is heated to 100~120℃, causing the molding agent in the straight tube blank material 60 inside the first steel straight tube 66 to gel and form a green blank with the outer shell of the first steel straight tube 66. The high-pressure oil pump valve 617 is closed, the first pressurizing oil 61 between the first pressurizing core tube 67 and the first elastic body 62 is extracted, and the isostatic pressurizing equipment 615 is removed.

[0106] Step 3: Fire the green billet with the first steel straight tube 66 outer shell into a finished billet. This embodiment employs an induction heating sintering device 65. First, the induction heating sintering device 65 is concentric with the green billet of the first steel straight tube 66. The second rotating device 63 is then activated, rotating the first steel straight tube 66 green billet. When the rotational speed reaches the point where the centrifugal force on the material at the highest point of the green billet wall equals the gravity, protective gas and reducing gas are introduced into the green billet. The power is turned on, and the induction heating sintering device 65 is used to slowly heat the billet according to the heating curve. The heating temperature is set to 1090~1100℃, based on the highest melting point of copper powder (melting point 1083℃) among the metals involved in the melting and bonding of the metallurgical powder in step 1. After the sintering temperature reaches the set temperature, it is maintained and cooled according to the heating curve. When the temperature drops to approximately 750℃, air is slowly introduced to remove carbon. The output temperature of the induction heating sintering device 65 is maintained, thus producing a semi-finished wear-resistant straight tube.

[0107] Step 4: If the prepared wear-resistant straight tube is short, this step can be omitted; if the product is divided into multiple units, then the semi-finished product is obtained by welding according to the method of the aforementioned embodiment.

[0108] Step 5: Adjust the wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product according to the actual situation to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0109] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product under high pressure.

[0110] Specifically, in this embodiment, aluminum is selected as the encapsulating material. Slightly increase the rotation speed of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product, and evenly spread the aluminum particles coated with anti-oxidation paint on the inner side of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product; introduce protective gas again and increase the rotation speed of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product, and keep the induction heating sintering device heating until the temperature of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product reaches 700~800℃. At this time, the aluminum particles on the inner side of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product melt and penetrate into the wear-resistant layer under the action of inertial centrifugal force. After being evenly filled, it is cooled to complete the production of the wear-resistant straight tube.

[0111] The grouting centrifugal pressure dehydration and molding technology in this embodiment has the following characteristics: 1. Grouting centrifugal pressurization combined with isostatic pressing is mainly used to manufacture large and medium-sized wear-resistant straight pipes, as well as linings and shells of straight pipe equipment, such as axial flow pump shell linings. Grouting centrifugal pressurization combined with high-pressure injection and desliming molding technology is mainly used to manufacture products with roughly circular and complex shapes, such as small and medium-sized slurry pump impellers, volutes, front and rear baffles, etc.

[0112] 2. When manufacturing long straight tubes with a large radius, even with the use of low-shrinkage and high-carbon-residue molding agents, it is still difficult to avoid deformation of the straight tube products. Therefore, adding a steel shell to the outside of the straight tube products is an excellent choice. However, it is necessary to reasonably select the ratio of fine metal powder to prepare a blank material with a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of the steel shell to ensure the stability of the product during the manufacturing process. 3. When making short pipes with appropriate radius, if the rotating equipment and the isostatic pressing equipment can rotate synchronously, the blank material without adding aqueous slurry can be used to directly make straight short pipe blanks, which can then be welded into finished products. This can save molding agent, improve production efficiency, and create conditions for CNC production.

[0113] Example 7 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, used to manufacture a wear-resistant straight pipe with an outer diameter of 400mm, a wall thickness of 5mm, a length of 3000mm, and a wear-resistant layer thickness of 15mm, and equipped with a metal shell. The method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and gold-ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, gold-ceramic particles, and encapsulating materials is 3.7:4.3:2; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and molding agent consumed in the manufacturing process, and the volume ratio of the two is 95%:5%; the metallurgical powder includes 320-mesh copper powder, 120-mesh aluminum powder, 120-mesh zinc powder, 120-mesh tin powder, and 100-mesh iron powder with anti-oxidation protective agents on the surface, and the mass ratio of the five is 44.5%:2.5%:2.5%:0.5%:50%; the molding agent is a low-shrinkage phenolic resin that hardens, and a corresponding curing agent.

[0114] The preparation method of the gold-ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1. The volume ratio of the coating alloy to the ceramic particles is 1.1:8.9, and the ceramic particles are selected from two types of alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 1~1.2 mm and 0.3~0.5 mm, respectively, with a mass ratio of 85%:15%. The coating alloy includes an active metal, a welding auxiliary metal, and a melting metal in a mass ratio of 23:70:7; the active metal is titanium (powder), the welding auxiliary metal is copper (powder), and the melting metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0115] For impregnation materials, select vinyl resin adhesives and medium / high temperature curing agents (such as benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxide), and add them in proportions according to the requirements of vinyl resin.

[0116] Step 2: Fabricate green blanks using grouting isostatic pressing technology. A. Equipment for producing green blanks using grouting and isostatic pressing. This embodiment employs isostatic pressure dehydration molding technology for grouting. First, the aqueous slurry in the grouting material colloid is prepared using sodium alkaline phenolic resin and the corresponding curing agent, with a mass ratio of 15-20%.

[0117] Secondly, a rotating device is designed to manufacture a second steel straight tube 76 with an outer diameter of 400mm, a wall thickness of 5mm, a length of 3000mm, and a wear-resistant layer thickness of 15mm. The second steel straight tube 76 requires a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of the billet. The two ends of the second steel straight tube 76 are equipped with retaining rings. The second steel straight tube 76 is equipped with a vacuum extraction pipe and a grouting interface. The second rotating chuck 73 on the rotating device can securely clamp the second steel straight tube 76. The second rotating chuck 73 is connected to a power device with a speed regulation function.

[0118] Then, design and manufacture isostatic pressure equipment: such as Figure 14As shown, firstly, a second pressurizing core tube 77 is processed. The outer diameter of the second pressurizing core tube 77 is smaller than the inner diameter of the prepared green blank. The outer diameter of the second pressurizing core tube 77 is the inner diameter of the green blank minus the shrinkage of the grouting material and the shrinkage of the first elastic composite 72 under pressure. The outer side of the second pressurizing core tube 77 is wrapped with the first elastic composite 72. The inner side of the first elastic composite 72 is an elastic body, and the middle is at least two layers of elastic filter mesh. The outer side of the elastic filter mesh is wrapped with a flexible elastic film material with micropores, thus forming the first elastic composite 72. A first oil injection pipe 614 is installed on the second pressurizing core tube 77, and the first oil injection pipe 614 passes between the second pressurizing core tube 77 and the first elastic composite 72. A first sealing ring 75 and a sealing pressure ring 79 are respectively installed at the two ends of the first elastic composite 72 and the second pressurizing core tube 77.

[0119] Furthermore, the isostatic pressurizing device is installed inside the second steel straight pipe 76. Both ends of the isostatic pressurizing device are clamped in elastic sealing rings 74 within the second closed end 78. The second closed end 78 is clamped onto the second steel straight pipe 76 and connected to the second rotary chuck 73 via the second steel straight pipe 76. A first oil injection pipe 614 is installed inside the second pressurizing core tube 77 of the isostatic pressurizing device. The first oil injection pipe 614 is connected to the first high-pressure oil tank 612 and the high-pressure oil pump (see reference). Figure 13 (As shown); the first high-pressure oil tank 612 is connected and fixed to the second pressurizing core tube 77 and moves together with the second pressurizing core tube 77. The first high-pressure oil tank 612 contains an inflatable first high-pressure airbag 611; the first oil injection pipe 614 is connected to the high-pressure oil pump during secondary high pressure.

[0120] B. Grouting and isostatic pressing process for producing green blanks Prepare the billet material according to step 1, and add the above aqueous slurry to the billet material. After mixing evenly, a grouting colloid is obtained. Vacuum removes the gas from the grouting colloid. Mount the second steel straight pipe 76 onto the second rotating chuck 73, then install and fix the isostatic pressing equipment in the second steel straight pipe 76, sealing both ends with sealing tape. Connect the vacuum extraction port on the second steel straight pipe 76 to the vacuum system, and simultaneously connect the grouting port to the grouting system. Then inject high-pressure gas into the first high-pressure airbag 611 to 3-5 atmospheres (reference). Figure 13The vacuum system is used to extract the gas from the cavity formed between the second steel straight pipe 76 and the isostatic pressing equipment for making the green body. The vacuum system is turned off, the grouting system is turned on, and the prepared wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70 is pressurized and poured into the mold cavity. After filling, the grouting system is removed, the grouting interface is closed, and the seals at the connection between the two ends of the second steel straight pipe 76 and the second closed end 78 are opened. The second rotating chuck 73 is started and rotated in both directions at a low speed, switching directions within 1 to 5 revolutions, so as to keep the granular material in the grout colloid in the mold cavity always evenly distributed. Simultaneously, the oil supply pipe valve 616 is opened. The first pressurized oil 61 in the first high-pressure oil tank 612, under the expansion pressure of the first high-pressure airbag 611, is injected through the first oil injection pipe 614 between the second pressurized core tube 77 and the first elastic composite 72. This causes the elastic body, carrying the filter mesh and flexible elastic film material, to expand and pressurize the wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70, thereby squeezing out excess aqueous slurry from the wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70. When the set pressure (0.3MPa~0.5MPa) is reached, rotation is stopped, and the oil supply pipe valve 616 is closed. The oil supply pipe pump interface 618 is connected to the high-pressure oil pump, and the high-pressure oil pump valve 617 is opened. The high-pressure oil pump then applies high pressure to the wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70 again, making the wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70 more compact. After reaching the set high pressure (10MPa~15MPa), the second steel straight tube 76 is heated to 150~200℃, so that the molding agent in the wear-resistant straight tube grouting colloid 70 inside the second steel straight tube 76 is cured and shaped. After demolding, correction and filling, a wear-resistant straight tube green body with a shell is made.

[0121] In this embodiment, excess aqueous slurry in the wear-resistant straight pipe grout colloid 70 is discharged through the micropores of the flexible film on the first elastic composite 72 under the action of isostatic pressure, along the gaps of the filter fine mesh, from the clamping point between the second steel straight pipe 76 and the second closed end 78. Step 3: Fire the green blank into the corresponding finished blank. The specific firing process is the same as the firing process in step 3 of Example 4.

[0122] Step 4: Assemble and weld the wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product If it is necessary to connect two wear-resistant straight pipes with shells, first apply solder 11 to the two joints, fix them together, and then heat the joints by induction heating to melt the solder 11 and fill the gap between the blanks. At this time, some of the melted solder 11 will be immersed into the reserved impregnation holes to form a "three-dimensional welding" to weld the wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product. Then, weld the shells of the wear-resistant straight pipes together to make a wear-resistant straight pipe semi-finished product with a shell.

[0123] Step 5: Trim and straighten the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product with shell according to design requirements.

[0124] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product with a shell under high pressure (see reference). Figure 3 ).

[0125] Specifically, an annular pressure box is made, and then the operation is carried out according to step 6 in Example 1, or the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product with a shell is installed on a centrifugal device and rotated at high speed. Then, the prepared impregnation material is evenly poured onto the inner wall of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product. Under the action of centrifugal force, the impregnation material penetrates into the pores of the wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product to make a wear-resistant straight tube finished product with a shell.

[0126] Example 8 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting pressure dehydration molding technology. The method uses grouting isostatic pressure dehydration molding technology to produce a wear-resistant bend with an outer diameter of Ø350mm, a bending radius of R600mm, a wall thickness of 20mm, and an outer 5mm steel shell. The specific preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and gold-ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, gold-ceramic particles and encapsulating materials is 3.8~4.1:4.5~4.8:1.5~1.8; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powders and forming agents consumed in the production process, and the volume ratio of the two is 92%:8%, wherein the metallurgical powders include zinc powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, copper powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, iron powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, iron oxide powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, and silicon carbide micro powder with a particle size of 1200 mesh, and the mass ratio of the five powders is 20%:27%:45%:3%:5%; the forming agent is an alcohol-soluble phenolic resin with 9% hexamethylenetetramine added.

[0127] The preparation method of the ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 6. The ceramic particles selected are alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.5~0.8 mm, respectively, and the mass ratio of the two is 90%:10%. The encapsulating material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0128] Step 2: Use grouting isostatic pressure dehydration molding technology to produce a green billet of wear-resistant bent pipe with a steel shell. A. Prepare the relevant equipment for grouting and isostatic pressing to produce green bodies. like Figure 15As shown, a 90° bent steel outer shell 86 with an outer diameter of Ø350mm, a bending radius of R600mm, and a wall thickness of 5mm is manufactured. Two end caps 88 are made of 3mm steel plate, each end cap 88 having at least one second grouting port 802 and a first venting pipe interface 89. It should be noted that the bent steel outer shell 86 needs to be made of a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the billet. Elastic sealing rings 84 are installed between the end caps 88 at both ends of the bent steel outer shell 86 and the third pressurized core tube 87.

[0129] The third rotating device 83 is designed and manufactured. The third rotating chuck 831 on the third rotating device 83 can fasten and clamp the bent steel shell 86. The third rotating chuck 831 is connected to a power device with speed regulation function.

[0130] The design and fabrication of the isostatic pressure testing equipment involves the following steps: First, the third pressure core tube 87 is processed. The third pressure core tube 87 is a 90° bend with a bending radius of R600mm and a wall thickness of 5mm. The outer side of the third pressure core tube 87 is wrapped with a 1.5mm thick second elastic composite material 82. An elastic body is located inside the second elastic composite material 82, and at least two layers of elastic filter mesh are wrapped around the elastic body. The outermost layer of the second elastic composite material 82 is also wrapped with a microporous flexible elastic film material outside the elastic filter mesh. A second oil injection pipe 814 interface is provided on the third pressure core tube 87, connecting the third pressure core tube 87 to the second elastic composite material 82. Both ends of the third pressure core tube 87 are designed with elastic sealing rings 84 and fastening plates 85. The third pressure core tube 87 is a variable diameter bend, and the diameter reduction is the shrinkage amount of the grout colloid 80 after excess aqueous slurry is discharged under pressure.

[0131] In use, the isostatic pressure pressurizing device is installed inside the bent pipe steel shell 86, with both ends connected to the bent pipe steel shell 86. A second oil injection pipe 814 is installed inside the third pressurizing core tube 87 of the isostatic pressure pressurizing device, and the second oil injection pipe 814 is connected to a sealing valve 815, which in turn is connected to a second high-pressure oil tank 812. The second high-pressure oil tank 812 is fixed to a third rotating device 83 and can rotate with it. The second high-pressure oil tank 812 contains an inflatable second high-pressure airbag 811. The second high-pressure airbag 811 is connected to an external high-pressure air pump via a high-pressure air pipe 813. In this embodiment, excess aqueous slurry in the bent pipe grout colloid 80 is discharged from the elastic sealing rings 84 at both ends of the isostatic pressure pressurizing device through the micropores of the flexible elastic film of the second elastic composite 82 under isostatic pressure, along the gaps in the filter mesh.

[0132] B. Grouting and isostatic pressing process for producing green blanks Following step 1, prepare the blank material. First, melt hexamethylenetetramine and phenolic resin with an appropriate amount of alcohol, then mix them evenly with the blank material. Next, add a 1% methylcellulose aqueous solution to the blank material and mix evenly to obtain the bent pipe grouting colloid 80. Remove the gas from it under vacuum. Fix the bent pipe steel shell 86 onto the third rotating device 83, then install and fix the isostatic pressing device inside the bent pipe steel shell 86. Seal the connection ports of the end caps 88 at both ends with sealing tape. Connect the first suction pipe interface 89 on the bent pipe steel shell 86 to the vacuum system, and simultaneously connect the second grouting port 802 to the grouting system 801. Then, inject high-pressure gas into the second high-pressure airbag 811 to make the air pressure inside the second high-pressure airbag 811 reach 3-5 atmospheres. The vacuum system is used to extract the gas from the cavity between the steel outer shell 86 of the bent pipe and the second elastic composite 82 of the isostatic pressurizing device; the vacuum system is then shut off, the valve of the second grouting port 802 is opened, and the prepared bent pipe grouting colloid 80 is pressurized and poured into the mold cavity. After filling, the grouting system 801 is removed, and the second grouting port 802 is closed; the third rotating device 83 is started, and it rotates in both directions at a low speed, switching directions within 1 to 5 revolutions, thereby ensuring that the granular material in the bent pipe grouting colloid 80 in the mold cavity is evenly distributed. Open the tape seals at both ends of the steel casing 86 of the bent pipe; simultaneously open the sealing valve 815 of the oil supply pipe. The second pressurized oil 81 in the second high-pressure oil tank 812, under the expansion pressure of the second high-pressure airbag 811, is injected through the second oil injection pipe 814 between the third pressurized core tube 87 and the second elastic composite 82. This causes the second elastic composite 82, carrying the filter mesh and flexible elastic film material, to expand, pressurizing the bent pipe grout colloid 80 and squeezing out excess aqueous slurry. When the set pressure (0.3MPa~0.5MPa) is reached, stop rotating; connect the second high-pressure airbag 811 to the high-pressure air pump through the high-pressure air pipe 813, start the high-pressure air pump, and apply high pressure to the bent pipe grout colloid 80 again, making the bent pipe grout colloid 80 more compact. After reaching the set high pressure (10MPa~15MPa), maintain the pressure and heat the bent steel shell 86 to 150~200℃ to solidify and shape the molding agent in the bent grout colloid 80 inside the bent steel shell 86. After demolding, correction and filling, a green blank with the bent steel shell 86 is produced. Step 3: Fire the green billet into the corresponding cooked billet. The specific steps are the same as Step 3 in Example 4. This step will yield a wear-resistant bent pipe semi-finished product with a bent steel outer shell 86.

[0133] Step 4: The structure of the molten blank prepared in this embodiment is simple, so this step can be omitted.

[0134] Step 5: Adjust and reshape the wear-resistant bend semi-finished product according to the actual situation.

[0135] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant bend semi-finished product under high pressure. The specific method is the same as the method in Step 6 of Example 2, so as to obtain the wear-resistant bend finished product.

[0136] Example 9 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting pressure dehydration molding technology. It employs a combination of high-pressure grouting injection and pressure dehydration with isostatic pressure molding technology to prepare a large slurry pump volute with an inner diameter greater than two meters. The specific steps include: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw materials for the blank preparation include powder metallurgy materials and gold-ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, gold-ceramic particles and encapsulating materials is 2~2.5:6.3~6.5:1~1.7; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the production, and the volume ratio of the two is 94%:6%; the metallurgical powder includes zinc powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, copper powder with a particle size of 320 mesh, and iron powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, and the mass ratio of the three is 30%:40%:30%; the forming agent is an alcohol-soluble phenolic resin with 9% hexamethylenetetramine added.

[0137] The preparation method of the gold-ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1. The ceramic particles selected are alumina ceramic particles with particle sizes of 5~4.8 mm, 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.3~0.2 mm, and the mass ratio of the three is 40%:50%:10%. The encapsulation material is the same as that in Example 7.

[0138] In addition, this embodiment also uses ceramic powder to make ceramic insert 93, and then the surface of ceramic insert 93 is metallized for later use.

[0139] Step 2: The green body of the large slurry pump volute is produced by combining high-pressure grouting injection with pressure dehydration and isostatic pressure molding. The aqueous slurry for preparing the grouting colloid is made by mixing an aqueous slurry containing 1% methylcellulose with the preform material to create a grouting colloid that can flow under pressure. A. Prepare equipment for high-pressure injection, pressurization and dehydration combined with isostatic pressing molding for grouting. like Figure 16 , Figure 17As shown, the volute of a large slurry pump is disassembled into multiple units, and a steel mold with multiple descaling holes and a secondary pressurizing elastomer is made for each unit. This embodiment uses one of the disassembled units as an example. The corresponding unit mold includes: an inner bending template 992, an outer bending template 990, an upper mold pressure plate 993, a lower mold pressure plate 995, a left mold pressure plate 991, a right mold pressure plate 994, and a pressurizing core plate 97. A 2mm second elastomer 92 is installed on the blanking side of the pressurizing core plate 97. Multiple rigid microporous descaling foam ceramics 12 are embedded in the bottom of the lower mold pressure plate 995 or the outer bending template 990. The mold is also equipped with a grouting interface 98 and a high-pressure oil pipe interface 91. The high-pressure oil pipe 95 installed on the pressurizing core plate 97 is connected to the externally provided high-pressure oil pipe interface 91 via the inner bending template 992. Simultaneously, a grouting press and a high-pressure hydraulic press are connected to the unit mold, and a grouting platform with micro-vibration is required.

[0140] B. Grouting high-pressure injection combined with pressure dehydration and isostatic pressure molding process Taking the process of manufacturing a large slurry pump volute unit as an example, the prepared unit mold is assembled and vertically fixed on the grouting platform. Then, following step 1, the blank preparation material is prepared. Urotropine and phenolic resin are melted with an appropriate amount of alcohol and then mixed evenly with the blank preparation material. A 1% methylcellulose aqueous solution is added to the blank preparation material, and after mixing evenly, the volute grouting colloid 90 is obtained. The gas is removed by vacuum. The prepared volute grouting colloid 90 is poured into the cavity from the grouting interface 98 at the top of the mold using a high-pressure device. Simultaneously, micro-vibration is activated, causing the volute grouting colloid 90 to flow downwards under the action of gravity and pressure. After flowing to the bottom of the mold, the granular material in the volute grouting colloid 90 continuously accumulates from the bottom upwards, while the water slurry in the volute grouting colloid 90 is discharged out of the mold through the foam ceramic 12 at the bottom of the mold. After the granular material fills the mold cavity, close the grouting interface 98; start the high-pressure oil pump connected to the high-pressure oil pipe interface 91, and pressurize the high-pressure oil through the high-pressure oil pipe 95 between the second elastomer 92 and the pressure core plate 97. At the same time, slowly heat the mold. When the high-pressure oil pressure reaches 25MPa, maintain the pressure. When the mold is heated to 150~200℃, the molding agent in the volute grout colloid 90 inside the mold solidifies and sets. After demolding, correction, and filling, a single green blank is formed. During this period, the second sealing ring 94 ensures that the high-pressure oil does not leak out.

[0141] Preferably, when making large volutes with thicker shell walls, the blank material can be first used to make and sinter 5-10mm spherical particles, which are then mixed into the volute grout colloid 90, which can greatly reduce the deformation rate of the volute blank. Step 3: Fire the green blank of the slurry pump volute into the corresponding cooked blank, using the same method as in Step 3 of Example 4.

[0142] Step 4: Assemble and weld the semi-finished wear-resistant slurry pump volute. like Figure 16 As shown, the assembly and welding of the slurry pump volute semi-finished product requires first welding the metal connection between the ceramic insert 93 and the pressure core plate 97, and then assembling and welding the various individual parts of the slurry pump volute and the baffle metal butt ring 96 together according to the assembly and welding process in step 4 of Example 1. The welding principle between the individual parts is the same as that in step 4 of Example 1, thus obtaining the wear-resistant slurry pump volute semi-finished product.

[0143] Step 5: Repair and correct the semi-finished wear-resistant slurry pump casing according to design requirements.

[0144] Step 6: Press the impregnation material prepared in Step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant slurry pump volute semi-finished product under high pressure. The specific method is the same as the method in Step 6 of Example 2.

[0145] Example 10 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressurized dehydration molding technology, used to prepare slurry pump impellers. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the semi-finished part with a mold shell is vacuum-sealed with a low-melting-point metal at high temperature, including the following steps: Steps 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are the same as those in Example 1.

[0146] Step 6: Press the impregnation material into the pores of the wear-resistant equipment parts semi-finished product.

[0147] like Figure 18 As shown, the wear-resistant part semi-finished product in this embodiment is a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000. A protective coating is sprayed onto the surface of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 or it is impregnated with paraffin wax. A wax pattern is made using paraffin wax to allow the molten metal to flow through the holes. Then, a shell 1003 is made on the outer surface of the protective coating using silica sol, water glass, and alumina powder. The wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 is wrapped inside the shell 1003. After heating to remove the paraffin wax, a body to be impregnated is formed. A filler 1002 with a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the shell 1003 is prepared using silicon carbide micro powder, iron powder, and a small amount of silica sol and filled into the cavity of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000.

[0148] Based on the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000, an impregnation box with a second suction pipe interface 1005 is manufactured. The impregnation box is composed of a box cover 1007 and a box body 1009. The lower part of the box body 1009 is designed with a material suction pipe. The impregnation box can rotate around the central axis. The second suction pipe interface 1005 is connected to the vacuum energy storage chamber via a suction pipe. The vacuum energy storage chamber should have a large volume.

[0149] The wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 with shell 1003, along with the lower suction inner tube 1013 and the upper suction inner tube 1011, are placed in a heating furnace and heated to 700~750℃. Then, the lower suction inner tube 1013 and the upper suction inner tube 1011 are removed and installed into the suction outer tube at the bottom of the box 1009. The lower suction inner tube 1013 and the upper suction inner tube 1011 are flexibly connected with an asbestos pad 1012. Then, the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 is removed and placed on the upper part of the suction inner tube 1011. The feed inlet 1010 is connected to the upper part of the suction inner tube 1011, and an asbestos pad is placed at the interface. Then, fine sand 1008 is filled into the gap between the inside of the impregnation box 1009 and the outside of the shell 1003. Finally, the impregnation box cover 1007 is covered and sealed. Low-melting-point aluminum 1001 is heated to 700~750℃ in molten pool 1014 to melt the low-melting-point aluminum 1001 into molten aluminum. The lower part of the housing 1009 is placed into the molten aluminum in the molten aluminum pool 1014, so that the suction pipe at the bottom of the housing 1009 is immersed in the molten aluminum. The air extraction switch is turned on, and the gas in the housing 1009 is quickly extracted to 0.1~0.15 atmospheres through the second air extraction pipe interface 1005. This ensures that the air pressure in the housing 1009 is reduced to the set standard before the molten aluminum is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 (the size of the lower suction pipe 1013 opening can effectively control the flow rate of the molten aluminum entering the housing 1009). After the molten aluminum is immersed in the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 in the shell 1003, the housing 1009 is started to rotate, so that the molten aluminum fills the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000 under the action of centrifugal force. When the molten aluminum solidifies in the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product 1000, the centrifugal force causes the molten aluminum to move outward, thereby compensating for the volume shrinkage during the solidification of the molten aluminum. According to the process path, keep the box 1009 rotating and lift it upwards; when the suction pipe at the bottom of the box 1009 is separated from the aluminum melt surface, air enters the pipe at the junction of the lower suction pipe 1013 and the upper suction pipe 1011 through the gap between the suction pipe and the lower suction pipe 1013, and the gap between the lower suction pipe 1013 and the upper suction pipe 1011, so that the excess unsolidified aluminum melt in the pipe flows back to the melt pool 1014; when the temperature drops and solidifies, stop the rotation of the box 1009, take it out and cool it to make the wear-resistant impeller finished product.

[0150] The characteristics of high-temperature vacuum metal impregnation are as follows: 1. When manufacturing oversized products, if the equipment cannot meet the manufacturing requirements, the product design can be broken down into individual parts, and the joints can be pre-welded. This pre-welding process involves first melting an easily weldable material (such as copper or copper alloy) into the joint, then performing a high-temperature vacuum metal impregnation process. After the high-temperature vacuum metal impregnation is completed, the parts are then butt-welded together to form the finished product. This technology is suitable for manufacturing large slurry pump impellers and front and rear baffles, large volutes, large short pipes, and bends.

[0151] 2. High-temperature vacuum metal impregnation is a fast production method that facilitates automated production.

[0152] Example 11 This embodiment provides a method for preparing wear-resistant parts based on grouting and pressure dehydration molding technology. It employs a die-stamping and hot-pressing method with or without a partial iron shell to prepare parts with regular shapes and small volumes. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the blank making material and impregnation material. The raw material for the green body includes powder metallurgy materials and ceramic particles, wherein the volume ratio of powder metallurgy materials, ceramic particles, and encapsulating materials is 5~5.5:4~4.5:0~0.5; the powder metallurgy materials include metallurgical powder and forming agent consumed in the manufacturing process, and the volume ratio of the two is 98%~99.5%:0.5%~2%; the metallurgical powder includes zinc powder with a particle size of 120 mesh, copper powder or nickel-copper alloy with a particle size of 320 mesh, iron powder with a particle size of 80 mesh, and steel particles with a mass ratio of 0.5 micrometers, wherein the mass ratio of the four is 2~5%:8~10%:45~55%:25~35%; the forming agent is a commonly used forming agent in powder metallurgy. The preparation method of ceramic particles in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 2, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from two types of alumina ceramic particles with a particle size of 1.2~1.5 mm and 0.5~0.8 mm; the encapsulating material is a copper alloy, which is directly added to the raw material for the green body.

[0153] Step 2: The process and equipment for die stamping, pressing, and hot pressing of the blank. The components prepared in this embodiment are small in size and regular in shape. They can be made into green blanks by direct pressure application using a die punch, or the green blanks can be hot-pressed into shape at least once. Applicable components mainly include ball mill bladders, pins for roller crushers, cutting teeth, pins, cutting wheels, bushings, and sealing rings for tunneling machines.

[0154] Small parts can be manufactured using a process with or without a thin shell. When the small parts are large and the press pressure is insufficient, using a process with or without a thin shell can greatly improve the yield rate and eliminate breakage during repeated pressing.

[0155] The ceramic particles used for manufacturing small parts are preferably at least one of the following: titanium carbide reinforced alumina, titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride, and silicon carbide reinforced alumina particles formed by hot pressing.

[0156] The steel granules and metal powders used to make small parts can be selected from various combinations with different hardness, melting point and coefficient of thermal expansion, as needed.

[0157] When hot-pressing small parts, the volume of single-stage ceramic particles added to the ingredients is about 40%, and the total volume of multi-stage ceramic particles added is about 45%. This can prevent the structure of the ceramic particles from being damaged during hot-pressing and can also prevent micropores from appearing in the parts produced under high pressure.

[0158] In step 1, the amount of metal used in the melting and bonding of powder metallurgy powder is related to the size of the particles and, more importantly, to the pressure of hot pressing. The amount used is generally based on the test data during operation. If the pressure of the press is not high enough, the encapsulating metal needs to be added directly to the blank material. The encapsulating metal can be the metal used for melting and bonding.

[0159] Preferably, corresponding ceramic inserts can be manufactured and their surfaces metallized. These inserts are then pre-embedded or mounted and welded to the most critical wear-resistant parts of the wear-resistant equipment components, thereby improving the wear resistance of the components. Furthermore, steel bases can be designed for some smaller components as needed.

[0160] A. Prepare equipment for die-stamping, blanking, and hot pressing. like Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown, a die-stamping and pressing method is used to form the blank, which is then heated and hot-pressed. A set of equipment for making thin shells is required, including a shell-making mold and a die-stamping machine. A set of cold-pressing blank molds (small part die-stamping 1103, top mold 1104, main mold body 1102) and a die-stamping machine are also required. A set of hot-pressing shaping molds (small part die-stamping 1103, top mold 1104, main mold body 1102) and a high-pressure die-stamping machine are also required. B. The process of die-stamping and hot-pressing to shape the blank. First, a shell-making mold and a die-stamping machine are used to make a thin shell from a thin steel plate or thin-walled tube; then, the blank-making material is prepared according to step 1, and the prepared blank-making material is quantitatively placed into the blank-making mold of the cold-pressing blank and pressed to form a green blank; or the blank-making material is quantitatively loaded into the thin shell first, and then placed into the blank-making mold of the cold-pressing blank and pressed to form a green blank with a shell.

[0161] 1. Manufacturing the ball mill bladder: For ball mill bladders smaller than 100mm, the blank material is placed into a cold-pressing mold and pressed into an ellipsoidal green blank 1100; for ball mill bladders larger than 100mm, the blank material is first loaded into a thin shell 1101, and then placed into the... Figure 19 (a) shows a cold-pressed blank mold in which an ellipsoidal shell-shaped green blank 1100 is pressed.

[0162] 2. Making the pins for the roller crusher: Place the billet material into the roller crusher. Figure 20 (a) shows a cold-pressed blank mold forming a green blank 1110 with a hemispherical end pin. 3. Fabricating the core of the cutting teeth for the tunneling machine: such as Figure 21 As shown in (a), a cylindrical toothed core green blank 1120 with a pointed end is made according to the method for making a pin; or, as shown in (a), Figure 21 As shown in (b), a pointed cylindrical ceramic insert tooth core 1109 is made by firing structural ceramic powder, and then the ceramic insert tooth core 1109 is metallized on the surface of the ceramic insert according to the process of making surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0163] 4. Making bushings: such as Figure 22 As shown, a cylindrical green body 1130 is made according to the method of making post nails; or a cylindrical ceramic insert is made by firing structural ceramic powder, and then metallization treatment is performed on the surface of the ceramic insert according to the process of making surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0164] Step 3, sintering process and hot pressing In this embodiment, a conventional sintering furnace is used. First, the green billet is placed on the material rack, the material rack is pushed into the sintering furnace, the furnace door is closed, and the sintering furnace is heated to raise its temperature. Then, according to the melting point of the main metals involved in melting and bonding in the metallurgical powder in step 1, a specific heating temperature is set.

[0165] 1. Making the ball mill bladder: Heat the ball mill bladder green blank 1100 (less than 100mm) to 3-5°C below the melting point of the main metal for fusion bonding, then remove the ball mill bladder green blank 1100 and place it into the ball mill. Figure 19 (b) The hot-pressing mold is used to press the material into shape using a high-pressure die press, and then it is placed in a sintering furnace and heated to 3-5°C above the melting point of the main metal to be fused together, and then cooled to form the product. A shell-type green billet 1100 with a diameter greater than 100mm is heated to 3-15°C above the melting point of the main metal to be fused together, then removed and placed in a hot-pressing mold, and pressed into shape using a high-pressure die press.

[0166] 2. Fabrication of the pins for the roller crusher: After heating the green pin blank 1110 to 3-5°C below the melting point of the main metal for molten bonding, remove it and place it into the roller crusher. Figure 20 (b) The hot-pressing mold is used to press the material into shape using a high-pressure die press. Then it is placed in a sintering furnace and heated to 3-5°C above the melting point of the main metal to be fused together, and then cooled to produce the product.

[0167] 3. Fabrication of the core for the tunnel boring machine cutting teeth: The cylindrical core blank 1120 is heated to 3-5°C below the melting point of the main metal to be fused together, then placed into a corresponding shaping mold and pressed into shape using a high-pressure die press. It is then placed in a sintering furnace and heated to 3-5°C above the melting point of the main metal to be fused together, and cooled to produce the final product. The cylindrical core blank 1120 is then brazed into a steel cutting tooth base 1108 to form the final product. Figure 21 As shown in (a). Alternatively, a cylindrical ceramic insert tooth core 1109, made of structural ceramic powder and metallized on the surface, is inserted into a steel cutting tooth base 1108 and connected by solder 11 to form a product, such as... Figure 21 As shown in (b).

[0168] 4. Manufacturing the bushing: The cylindrical green blank 1130 is fired into a finished product using the firing method for the cutting tooth core of a tunneling machine; or structural ceramic powder is fired into a cylindrical ceramic insert, and then the cylindrical ceramic insert is metallized on the surface using the process of manufacturing surface-metallized ceramic particles; finally, as... Figure 22 As shown, a cylindrical finished product or ceramic insert is placed into a steel base 1107 and connected by solder 11 to form a product.

[0169] The above method can omit steps 4, 5, and 6, and directly obtain the finished product of the corresponding part.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing wear-resistant parts based on the pressurized liquid-extraction molding technology by grouting, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: preparing a green body making material and an impregnation material; the green body making material comprises a powder metallurgy material and ceramic particles, and the volume ratio of the powder metallurgy material, the ceramic particles and the impregnation material is 1-6.3:3.7-6.9:0-2.9; the powder metallurgy material comprises metallurgical powder and a forming agent, and the volume ratio of the metallurgical powder and the forming agent is 85%-100%:0-15%; the ceramic particles are surface metallized ceramic particles; and the impregnation material is a resin bonding material or a low-melting-point metal or an elastic colloid; Step 2: according to the structure requirements of the wear-resistant accessory, the wear-resistant accessory is divided into a plurality of single bodies, and the green body corresponding to each single body is made by using the green body making material and a grouting pressurized liquid-extruding forming technology; the grouting pressurized liquid-extruding forming technology adopts one or a combination of more than one of the following methods: grouting mold pressing and pressurized liquid-extruding forming, grouting centrifugal pressurized liquid-extruding forming, grouting isostatic pressurized liquid-extruding forming, grouting high-pressure injection pressurized liquid-extruding forming and grouting injection pressurized liquid-extruding hot-pressing forming; Step 3: each green body is placed in a sintering furnace to be sintered into a corresponding sintered body; the highest temperature in the sintering furnace is 3-100℃ higher than the melting point of the metal or alloy with the highest melting point among the metal powders of the metallurgical powder in step 1; Step 4: each sintered body is assembled and welded according to the structure requirements of the wear-resistant accessory to obtain a wear-resistant accessory semi-product; Step 5: the shape of the wear-resistant accessory semi-product is trimmed and corrected according to the preset process requirements; Step 6: the impregnation material in step 1 is pressed into the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-product after the treatment in step 5 to obtain a wear-resistant accessory product, thereby completing the preparation of the wear-resistant accessory based on the grouting pressurized liquid-extruding forming technology.

2. The wear-resistant accessory preparation method based on the grouting pressurized liquid-extruding forming technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method: 1.1: preparing ceramic particles and a cladding alloy with a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5; the cladding alloy comprises an active metal, an auxiliary welding metal and an ignition metal, and the mass ratio of the active metal, the auxiliary welding metal and the ignition metal is 10-50:50-80:0-10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride and zirconium; the auxiliary welding metal is at least one of nickel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, tin and tin alloy; the ignition metal is an alloy containing copper and / or titanium and having a melting point lower than 1000℃; the ceramic particles are at least one of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, zirconia, alumina, titanium carbide reinforced alumina, titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide and titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.2-5mm; 1.2: after the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy are mixed, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is closed or the cladding reaction tube is loaded into a closed system, and the gas in the cladding reaction tube is pumped out through a gas extraction pipe to make the vacuum degree of the cladding reaction tube 0.1Kpa-5Kpa, and then the cladding reaction tube is heated to 200℃-300℃. 1.3: Inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through the gas injection pipe, slowly increase the temperature, and extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere, until the temperature is increased to 300-700℃, and after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are reduced, the gas injection pipe is closed; 1.4: Extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through the gas extraction pipe, keep the internal vacuum degree at 0.1-5KPa, then heat to 900-1250℃, keep for 10-60 minutes, and then reduce to room temperature to obtain the surface metallized ceramic particles.

3. The wear-resistant accessory preparation method based on the grouting pressurization liquid extraction forming technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the particle size of the metallurgical powder is 0.5-1000μm, and the metallurgical powder comprises metal powder and non-metal powder in a volume ratio of 80-100%:0-20%; the metal powder is at least one of aluminum powder, zinc powder, copper-zinc alloy powder, copper-tin alloy powder, copper-aluminum alloy powder, copper-tin-titanium alloy powder, ternary copper alloy powder, quaternary copper-titanium alloy powder, copper powder, copper-nickel alloy powder, aluminum-titanium alloy powder, copper-nickel-tin alloy powder, quaternary copper-titanium alloy powder, iron powder, carbon steel alloy powder, stainless steel powder, manganese alloy steel powder, chromium alloy steel powder, nickel alloy steel powder, titanium alloy steel powder, iron oxide powder, copper oxide powder, and auxiliary welding metal; the non-metal powder is at least one of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, zirconia, alumina, and silicon dioxide; and the forming agent is thermosetting phenolic resin or acrylamide gel. The resin bonding material comprises thermosetting resin and diluent in a mass ratio of 95-100%:0-5%, and curing agent and auxiliary agent corresponding to the thermosetting resin; the thermosetting resin comprises at least one of epoxy resin, vinyl resin, unsaturated polyester, phenolic resin, polyurethane resin, and modified resin thereof; the diluent is active diluent; the curing agent is normal-temperature curing agent, medium-temperature curing agent, high-temperature curing agent, or light-sensitive curing agent; the auxiliary agent is defoaming agent or leveling agent; the low-melting-point metal comprises aluminum, aluminum alloy, or copper alloy; and the elastic colloid comprises rubber colloid, polyurethane colloid, or thermoplastic colloid.

4. The wear-resistant accessory preparation method based on the grouting pressurization liquid extraction forming technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the ceramic powder is used to sinter the corresponding ceramic insert for the wear-resistant accessory, and the sintered ceramic insert is subjected to surface metallization treatment, and the ceramic insert is used to be embedded or embedded and welded in the most important wear-resistant part of the wear-resistant accessory; the ceramic insert comprises dense ceramic insert, microporous ceramic insert, and honeycomb ceramic insert.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In step 2, The grouting mold pressing and liquid-extracting forming is to fill the grouting material colloid into a mold with liquid-removing small holes, and after filling, the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is removed by a liquid-extracting material or immersed into the blank material liquid-extracting material by using a mold pressing and liquid-extracting process or an internal immersion liquid-extracting process, so as to obtain a green blank body; the grouting material colloid is formed by adding the water solution slurry or the melted slurry into the blank body material, so as to form a gelatinous body capable of being pressurized to flow; the water solution slurry is selected from water-soluble materials with viscosity changeable within 0-100 ℃; the melted slurry liquid is selected from organic materials capable of being melted within 150 ℃; The grouting centrifugal pressing and liquid-extracting forming is to fill the grouting material colloid into a rotating and micro-hole type cavity shell or mold, and under the action of centrifugal force, the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is removed by a liquid-extracting material or immersed into the blank material liquid-extracting material, so as to obtain a green blank body; The grouting isostatic pressing and liquid-extracting forming is to fill the grouting material colloid into a mold cavity between a steel mold outer sleeve and an elastic inner bag, and after filling, the grouting material colloid is filled into the elastic inner bag by pressurized injection of pressurized oil, so as to generate isostatic pressure; and then the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid between the steel mold outer sleeve and the elastic inner bag is removed by a liquid-extracting material or immersed into the blank material liquid-extracting material by using an external liquid-extracting process or an internal immersion liquid-extracting process, so as to obtain a green blank body; The grouting high-pressure injection and liquid-extracting forming is to fill the grouting material colloid into a type cavity shell or mold with micro-holes, and then the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is removed by a liquid-extracting material or immersed into the blank material liquid-extracting material by using an external liquid-extracting process or an internal immersion liquid-extracting process, so as to obtain a green blank body; The grouting injection and liquid-extracting hot pressing forming is to fill the grouting material colloid into a steel type cavity shell with micro-holes and a volume greater than that of a finished product, and then the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is removed by a liquid-extracting material or immersed into the blank material liquid-extracting material by using an external liquid-extracting process or an internal immersion liquid-extracting process; and then the green blank body is obtained by heating to a set temperature and then performing secondary pressurization.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by, In step 2: The external liquid-extracting process refers to that a hard / soft micro-hole liquid-extracting material is used to make a type cavity shell or mold, and under the action of external pressure, the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is directed to be extruded into the micro-holes of the type cavity shell or mold or outside the type cavity shell or mold along a set path; The internal immersion liquid-extracting process refers to that a blank material liquid-extracting micro-hole material is loaded into a type cavity shell or mold, and under the action of external pressure, the excess water solution slurry or melted slurry liquid in the grouting material colloid is extruded into the blank material liquid-extracting micro-hole material in the type cavity shell or mold.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of: In step 2: ​ In the grouting injection and liquid-extracting hot pressing forming, the volume of the steel type cavity shell is 5-25% greater than that of the corresponding finished product.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, Step 3 is specifically: 3.1: The green blank body is respectively placed into a sintering furnace for heating and temperature rising, and a sintering atmosphere is simultaneously filled into the sintering furnace; the sintering atmosphere is a protective gas or a mixed gas of a reducing gas and a protective gas and air; 3.2: The green body is fired into the corresponding sintered body by sequentially heating, heating and sintering, holding and sintering, secondary hot pressing or cooling, carbon removal, and cooling, and the sintering atmosphere in the sintering furnace is kept at a constant pressure.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, Step 4 is specifically: 4.1: Prepare a jig corresponding to the size of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product, and a metal part corresponding to the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; 4.2: Assemble each sintered body into the jig corresponding to the accessory semi-finished product in sequence and fasten it to form a sintered body assembly; 4.3: The metal part corresponding to the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is installed in the reserved metal part welding position of the sintered body assembly, and the welding material is clamped in the gap between each sintered body and the gap between the sintered body and the corresponding metal part; 4.4: Heat the solder to melt and fill into the corresponding gap to obtain a wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by, In step 6, any one of the following methods A-D is used to press the impregnated material in step 1 into the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product treated in step 5: A: The wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is placed in a pressure tank and the inside of the pressure tank is vacuumed to 0.05-0.1 atm; then the impregnated material is injected into the pressure tank, and after being filled, the pressure is increased to 3-20 MPa, so that the impregnated material is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; finally, the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is taken out and sent to an oven at 150-200°C or cured by light; the impregnated material is a resin bonding material; B: The wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is wrapped in a plastic film bag and then placed in a pressure tank, and the inside of the pressure tank and the plastic film bag are vacuumed to 0.05-0.1 atm; then the impregnated material is injected into the plastic film bag, and at the same time, pressurized water or pressurized oil is injected into the pressure tank; after the impregnated material and the pressurized water or pressurized oil are filled, the pressure in the pressure tank is increased to 3-20 MPa, so that the impregnated material is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; finally, the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is taken out and sent to an oven at 100-120°C to cure the impregnated material; the impregnated material is a resin bonding material; C: The wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is placed in a pressure tank, and the pressure tank is heated to 50-100°C above the melting point of the impregnated material; then the pressure tank is vacuumed to 0.1-0.15 atm, and the impregnated material is heated to 100-250°C above its melting point; then the impregnated material is injected into the pressure tank, and after being filled, 2-5 atm is applied, so that the impregnated material is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; finally, the excess impregnated material is discharged, and the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is taken out and cooled; the impregnated material is a low-melting-point metal; D: Spraying a protective coating on the surface of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product, and making a mold shell covering the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product, the mold shell being provided with an inner suction pipe; meanwhile, making an immersion tank capable of accommodating the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product, and the lower part of the immersion tank being communicated with the molten pool through an outer suction pipe; heating the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product with the mold shell to 50-200 DEG C above the melting point of the immersion material, and then loading it into the immersion tank, connecting the inner suction pipe with the outer suction pipe, and filling fine sand between the immersion tank and the mold shell; heating the immersion material in the molten pool to 100-250 DEG C above the melting point, and then vacuumizing the immersion tank to 0.1-0.15 atm, so that the immersion material enters the mold shell through the outer suction pipe and the inner suction pipe until it is immersed in the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product; starting the immersion tank to rotate, and the immersion material is uniformly distributed in the pores of the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product under the action of centrifugal force; finally, taking out the wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product and cooling it; the immersion material is a low melting point metal.

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