Energy-saving and consumption-reducing full-polished glaze and glazed tile using same

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving and consumption-reducing full-polished glaze and a glazed tile using the same, the glossiness of the full-polished glaze is 30-50 degrees, the firing temperature of the full-polished glaze is less than or equal to 1100 DEG C, and the firing period is less than or equal to 30 minutes; the fully polished glaze is prepared from albite, kaolin, burnt soil, dolomite, quartz, calcite, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and strontium carbonate. The silica-alumina ratio of the full polishing glaze is 3.0-3.2, and according to the mass percent, the content of Na2O in the full polishing glaze is 4.2-5.2%, and the content of SrO in the full polishing glaze is 3.3-4.3%. According to the energy-saving and consumption-reducing full-polished glaze and the glazed tile using the same, provided by the scheme, the firing energy consumption can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the physical and chemical properties of the full-polished glaze.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building ceramics technology, and in particular to an energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed tile and glazed tiles using the same. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of building ceramics technology, reducing firing energy consumption is an important aspect of reducing production costs and improving economic efficiency; and the fundamental way to reduce the firing energy consumption of ceramic tiles is to achieve low-temperature and rapid firing of ceramic tiles.

[0003] Although the firing temperature and cycle of existing ceramic effect glaze preparation processes have been reduced to some extent, since effect glazes are the surface layer of glazed tiles, they generally need to take into account physical and chemical properties such as gloss, wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, color development performance and stain resistance. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively reduce the firing temperature and shorten the firing cycle, resulting in limited energy saving and consumption reduction effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose an energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed tile and glazed tiles using it, which can reduce firing energy consumption while ensuring the realization of the physicochemical properties of fully polished glaze, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glaze, wherein the gloss of the fully polished glaze is 30-50°, the firing temperature of the fully polished glaze is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The raw materials for the fully polished glaze are composed of albite, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide and strontium carbonate; The silicon-to-aluminum ratio of the fully polished glaze is 3.0 to 3.2, and the Na2O content in the fully polished glaze is 4.2 to 5.2% and the SrO content is 3.3 to 4.3% by mass percentage.

[0006] Preferably, the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, includes SiO2 45.0–49.0%, Al2O3 14.7–15.6%, Fe2O3 0.1–0.2%, TiO2 0.05–0.1%, CaO 8.5–9.5%, MgO 2.5–3.5%, K2O 0.1–0.3%, Na2O 4.2–5.2%, ZnO 3.4–4.4%, SrO 3.3–4.3%, and loss on ignition 8.0–12.0%.

[0007] Preferably, the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, includes 47.05% SiO2, 15.14% Al2O3, 0.17% Fe2O3, 0.08% TiO2, 8.76% CaO, 3.08% MgO, 0.17% K2O, 4.7% Na2O, 3.96% ZnO, 3.86% SrO, and 10.67% loss on ignition.

[0008] Preferably, the raw materials for the fully polished glaze are composed of 52.5% sodium feldspar, 6% kaolin, 6% calcined clay, 15% dolomite, 2% quartz, 7% calcite, 2% alumina, 4% zinc oxide and 5.5% strontium carbonate, by mass percentage.

[0009] A glazed tile includes a low-water-absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer, and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption wet-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low-water-absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing low-water-absorption powder, and the low-water-absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making. The chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-hygroscopic powder is 17.2-18.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.6-6.6%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.8%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.5%.

[0010] Preferably, the chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes 66.4–67.5% SiO2, 17.2–18.2% Al2O3, 1.6–2.7% Fe2O3, 0.3–0.5% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.8–2.3% MgO, 1.5–1.6% K2O, 1.5–1.8% Na2O, and 4.8–5.5% loss on ignition.

[0011] A glazed tile includes a high water absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the high water absorption wet-processed powder blank is >0.5% and ≤3.0%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The high water absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing high water absorption powder, and the high water absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making process; The chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the highly hygroscopic powder is 16.2-17.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.3-6.3%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.4%.

[0012] Preferably, the chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes 68.2–70.5% SiO2, 16.2–17.2% Al2O3, 1.4–2.5% Fe2O3, 0.2–0.4% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.6–2.2% MgO, 1.5–1.7% K2O, 1.4–1.6% Na2O, and 3.8–5.5% loss on ignition.

[0013] A glazed tile includes a low-water-absorption dry-process powder body, a pattern layer, and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption dry-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low water absorption dry powder blank is made by pressing and firing low water absorption dry powder, and the low water absorption dry powder is obtained by dry powder making process. The chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-absorption dry powder is 17.0-18.0%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.8-6.8%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, the content of Na2O is ≥1.9%, and the content of Na2O is greater than the content of MgO.

[0014] Preferably, the chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder, by mass percentage, includes 66.1–68.5% SiO2, 17.0–18.0% Al2O3, 1.5–2.8% Fe2O3, 0.3–0.6% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.6–2.2% MgO, 1.5–2.0% K2O, 1.9–2.3% Na2O, and 4.0–5.0% loss on ignition.

[0015] The technical solution provided by this invention may include the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared to traditional transparent fully polished glazes, this scheme selects albite from alkali metals as the main flux, and dolomite, strontium carbonate, and zinc oxide from alkaline earth metals. During firing, strontium carbonate can replace CaO and ZnO in equal amounts in the formula, thereby further increasing its fluxing effect and fluidity. Furthermore, strontium carbonate can decompose into SrO (SrCO3→SrO+CO2↑) in the temperature range of 800-1000℃, and SrO can react with SiO2 to produce low-melting-point strontium silicate (SrSiO3), accelerating the formation of the glaze glass layer and meeting the requirements of low-temperature rapid firing. The introduction of strontium carbonate can also enhance the glaze gloss, reduce scattering, and create a mirror effect. 2+ Occupying the gaps in the [SiO4] network can hinder the nucleation and growth of silicate crystals (such as wollastonite, diopside, etc.), reduce glaze opacity or crystal spots, and is very beneficial for maintaining the high transparency of the glaze layer.

[0016] 2. The raw material formulation in this solution is a low-viscosity formulation (i.e., with lower high-temperature viscosity). This allows the micropores created by the CO2 produced during the early decomposition of strontium silicate to be quickly filled by the low-viscosity melt, forming a pore-free surface and achieving surface densification. Simultaneously, the low-viscosity formulation also facilitates rapid air venting in other structural layers of the ceramic tile product (such as the body layer). It should be noted that because strontium silicate is completely decomposed before 1000℃, even under the low-temperature rapid firing mechanism of this solution, pinholes in the glaze caused by residual CO2 can be eliminated.

[0017] 3. In the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, this scheme also limits the silicon-to-aluminum ratio and optimizes the content of fluxing components Na₂O and SrO, resulting in a sodium-strontium system glaze. Traditional fully polished glazes are generally potassium-barium system glazes, which are sensitive to the silicon content. Increasing the silicon content to improve the corrosion resistance of the glaze layer will increase the pores on the glaze surface, thereby reducing the anti-fouling performance. Compared to traditional potassium-barium system glazes, the sodium-strontium system glaze can simultaneously increase the aluminum and silicon content of the glaze, thus balancing the corrosion resistance and anti-fouling performance of the glaze layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This technical solution provides an energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glaze, wherein the gloss of the fully polished glaze is 30-50°, the firing temperature of the fully polished glaze is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The raw materials for the fully polished glaze are composed of albite, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide and strontium carbonate; The silicon-to-aluminum ratio of the fully polished glaze is 3.0 to 3.2, and the Na2O content in the fully polished glaze is 4.2 to 5.2% and the SrO content is 3.3 to 4.3% by mass percentage.

[0019] To reduce firing energy consumption while ensuring the physicochemical properties of fully polished glaze, and to achieve low-temperature, rapid firing of fully polished glaze (specifically referring to a firing temperature ≤1100℃ and a firing cycle ≤30min), this technical solution proposes an energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glaze (specifically referring to a glaze with a gloss level of 30-50° after firing and before polishing), and specifies the selection of raw materials and the content of key components, specifically: Polished glaze is an almost molten glass structure. The raw material scheme of this solution is a raw transparent glaze, which is basically not opaque, has high light transmittance, strong penetration, and good color development. It also has physical and chemical properties such as anti-fouling, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and has a short firing time.

[0020] Compared to traditional transparent fully polished glazes, this design selects albite, an alkali metal, as the main flux, and dolomite, strontium carbonate, and zinc oxide as alkaline earth metals. Dolomite is a very inexpensive calcium and magnesium raw material among natural minerals; zinc oxide contributes to the excellent color development of the glaze formula.

[0021] During firing, strontium carbonate can replace CaO and ZnO in equal amounts in the formula, thereby further increasing its fluxing effect and fluidity. Furthermore, strontium carbonate decomposes into SrO (SrCO3→SrO+CO2↑) within the temperature range of 800-1000℃. SrO can react with SiO2 to produce low-melting-point strontium silicate (SrSiO3), accelerating the vitrification of the glaze and meeting the requirements of low-temperature rapid firing. Additionally, the raw material formula in this solution is a low-viscosity formula (i.e., with lower high-temperature viscosity), allowing the micropores created by CO2 from the early decomposition of strontium silicate to be quickly filled by the low-viscosity melt, forming a pore-free surface and achieving surface densification. Simultaneously, the low-viscosity formula also facilitates rapid venting of other layers in the ceramic tile product (such as the body layer). It should be noted that since strontium silicate is completely decomposed before 1000℃, even under the low-temperature rapid firing mechanism of this solution, pinholes in the glaze caused by residual CO2 can be eliminated.

[0022] Furthermore, SrO has a refractive index of 1.83, while strontium silicate, formed during the vitrification reaction, has a refractive index of 1.65. The introduction of strontium carbonate can also enhance the glaze gloss, reduce scattering, and create a mirror effect. 2+ Occupying the gaps in the [SiO4] network can hinder the nucleation and growth of silicate crystals (such as wollastonite, diopside, etc.), reduce glaze opacity or crystal spots, and is very beneficial for maintaining the high transparency of the glaze layer.

[0023] Furthermore, strontium carbonate is also a color-developing agent; SrO can replace part of CaO, reducing Cr content. 3+ It reduces oxidation tendency and stabilizes pink color; and during the experimental debugging process, it was found that this system, when combined with zinc oxide, is also very beneficial for red color development.

[0024] In the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, this scheme also limits the silicon-to-aluminum ratio (SiO2 / Al2O3) and optimizes the content of fluxing components Na2O and SrO, thus forming a sodium-strontium system glaze in terms of chemical composition. Traditional fully polished glazes are generally potassium-barium system glazes, which are sensitive to the silicon content in their chemical composition. If the corrosion resistance of the glaze is improved by increasing the silicon content, the glaze surface porosity will increase, thereby reducing the anti-fouling performance of the glaze. Compared with traditional potassium-barium system glazes, the sodium-strontium system glaze can simultaneously increase the aluminum and silicon content of the glaze, while taking into account both the corrosion resistance and anti-fouling performance of the glaze.

[0025] It should be noted that the firing temperatures mentioned in this scheme are all measured by the British POLORS temperature measuring ring, which reflects the equivalent temperature corresponding to the comprehensive thermal effect experienced at the location where the temperature measuring ring is placed during the actual firing process.

[0026] To further clarify, the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, includes SiO2 45.0–49.0%, Al2O3 14.7–15.6%, Fe2O3 0.1–0.2%, TiO2 0.05–0.1%, CaO 8.5–9.5%, MgO 2.5–3.5%, K2O 0.1–0.3%, Na2O 4.2–5.2%, ZnO 3.4–4.4%, SrO 3.3–4.3%, and loss on ignition 8.0–12.0%.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the glaze during the firing process and to meet the performance requirements of this solution, this solution proposes an example of the chemical composition of a specific fully polished glaze.

[0028] To further clarify, the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, includes 47.05% SiO2, 15.14% Al2O3, 0.17% Fe2O3, 0.08% TiO2, 8.76% CaO, 3.08% MgO, 0.17% K2O, 4.7% Na2O, 3.96% ZnO, 3.86% SrO, and a loss on ignition of 10.67%.

[0029] To further explain, the raw materials of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, consist of 52.5% sodium feldspar, 6% kaolin, 6% calcined clay, 15% dolomite, 2% quartz, 7% calcite, 2% alumina, 4% zinc oxide, and 5.5% strontium carbonate.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a specific raw material ratio scheme for fully polished glazed ceramic is also proposed.

[0031] A glazed tile includes a low-water-absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer, and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption wet-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low-water-absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing low-water-absorption powder, and the low-water-absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making. The chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-hygroscopic powder is 17.2-18.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.6-6.6%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.8%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.5%.

[0032] This solution also proposes a glazed tile using the aforementioned fully polished glaze, which is combined with a low-water-absorption wet-process powder-made body, which is beneficial to meeting the market demand for high-value, high-performance ceramic products (this solution specifically refers to a body with a water absorption rate ≤0.5% and a body made from wet-process powder).

[0033] Specifically, this technical solution proposes a formula for wet-process powdered green bodies with low water absorption rate. The purpose is to meet the market demand for high-value and high-performance ceramic products while achieving low-temperature rapid firing of the green body (this solution specifically refers to a firing temperature ≤1100℃ and a firing cycle ≤30min), and at the same time improve the roller marks caused by excessive softening during high-temperature firing.

[0034] It should be noted that the water absorption rate of the green body mainly affects the strength of the ceramic product, and the strength of the ceramic product also determines its market positioning. Generally speaking, the lower the water absorption rate, the higher the strength of the ceramic product, making it suitable for the mid-to-high-end market. Furthermore, in the preparation process of ceramic green bodies, the powder preparation process is mainly divided into wet powder preparation and dry powder preparation processes: The wet powder preparation process mainly involves first adding water to the prepared green body raw materials and wet ball milling to form a slurry, and then spray granulating the slurry through a spray tower to produce powder. The resulting powder particles have the characteristics of low hardness, large particle size, and low fine powder content. The dry powder preparation process mainly involves first removing iron and crushing the prepared green body raw materials, and then grinding them through a vertical dry mill to obtain fine powder with the required moisture content. After removing iron and slag from the fine powder, it is then wet-granulated to obtain powder that meets the production particle size requirements. The resulting powder particles have the characteristics of high hardness, small particle size, and high fine powder content. In comparison, although dry milling processes are prone to small pits on the surface of the green body, resulting in poor flatness and a noticeable orange peel effect, and may cause black cores and black spots on the surface of the green body after firing, they are mainly suitable for high-volume markets and engineering orders due to their obvious advantages in energy saving and low cost. On the other hand, although wet milling processes consume more energy, they produce higher quality green bodies, and are therefore mainly suitable for mid-to-high-end markets.

[0035] Specifically, this scheme first controls the Al2O3 content in the low hygroscopic powder to 17.2-18.2% to avoid the softening of the green body due to excessively low content, which can cause defects such as roller marks or even brick deformation. At the same time, it can also prevent the green body formula from requiring a high firing temperature due to excessively high content, which would make it impossible to achieve the low-temperature fast firing mechanism required by this scheme.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to adapt to the Al2O3 content in the formula, this scheme also designs the fluxing system of the green body formula as a quaternary system of CaO-MgO-K2O-Na2O. In addition to controlling the total content of fluxing components, the content of individual fluxing components is also controlled separately. By utilizing the gradient fluxing effect brought by the quaternary fluxing system, the product is less likely to experience rapid softening of the liquid phase due to a single flux during high-temperature firing, thus preventing the problem of excessive softening of the green body.

[0037] To further explain, the chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes 66.4–67.5% SiO2, 17.2–18.2% Al2O3, 1.6–2.7% Fe2O3, 0.3–0.5% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.8–2.3% MgO, 1.5–1.6% K2O, 1.5–1.8% Na2O, and 4.8–5.5% loss on ignition.

[0038] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the green body's performance throughout the forming, drying, and firing processes, while meeting the performance requirements of this solution, a specific embodiment of the chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder is proposed. In one specific embodiment, this solution also controls the loss on ignition (IL) of the low-hygroscopic powder formulation to below 5.5% to reduce gaseous products generated in the green body, further ensuring the quality of the green body and meeting market demand for high-value, high-performance ceramic products.

[0039] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can configure the chemical composition of the low hygroscopic powder in this scheme according to the local raw material resources. This scheme does not limit the composition and proportion of the raw materials.

[0040] Preferably, the raw materials of the low-hygroscopic powder are composed of bentonite 3%, bauxite 12%, green sand 32%, magnesia 2.5%, broken brick powder 5%, mixed mud 8%, washed mud 4%, edge grinding and polishing mud 7%, talc 1.5% and yellow sand 25% by mass percentage.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a specific raw material ratio scheme for low moisture absorption powder is also proposed.

[0042] In this raw material formula, the main role of bentonite is to improve the plasticity and strength of the green body during molding and transportation, and reduce the occurrence of broken bricks.

[0043] The amount of bauxite added to the raw material formula is controlled at 12%. At the same time, mixed clay and washed clay are introduced into the raw material formula to supplement Al2O3 in the chemical composition. Since the main mineral of mixed clay and washed clay is kaolinite, kaolinite is easier to sinter than water-hard / soft borosilicate, thus better matching the low-temperature fast firing mechanism of this scheme.

[0044] Green sand is a type of sand material, mainly produced in Rongchang District and Yongchuan District of Chongqing. It is a unique ceramic raw material in the area. This type of raw material has good firing plasticity and large reserves, making it easy to obtain. If it is added in large quantities to the body formula, the cost of raw materials can be greatly reduced. At the same time, because the chemical composition of green sand also contains a certain amount of MgO, K2O and Na2O, it has a good fluxing effect.

[0045] Magnesia clay, as the main source of MgO in chemical composition, has the effects of fluxing and whitening to a certain extent; in addition, talc, as a supplementary source of MgO in chemical composition, can increase the stability of the formula when the two are combined.

[0046] Yellow sand is also a cheap and white raw material in Chongqing, which has good economic benefits. However, because the Al2O3 content in the raw material is extremely low, excessive use will lead to a decrease in the overall Al2O3 content of the formula, resulting in softening of the green body.

[0047] Broken brick powder is clinker formed by crushing substandard products after firing. When added to other raw materials, it can promote rapid firing of the green body layer, further reducing the energy consumption of green body production, thus effectively promoting rapid firing of the green body and shortening the firing cycle. At the same time, replacing traditional feldspar materials as a fluxing agent in the formula has a significant fluxing effect and can also effectively reduce raw material costs.

[0048] Edge grinding and polishing putty is a common waste material in the building ceramics industry. It mainly consists of waste residue generated during the edge grinding and polishing process of ceramic tiles. Its main minerals are glass phase, quartz, and mullite, with small amounts of silicon carbide and grinding resin, making it prone to foaming. As a solid waste material, its outsourced disposal is costly, so it is generally used in small quantities in the body formulation to reduce costs. However, its use in low-water-absorption bodies (water absorption ≤ 0.5%) must be strictly controlled. This is because low-water-absorption bodies produce a large amount of liquid phase during high-temperature firing (used to support the body's density). This liquid phase affects the degassing of easily foaming materials such as silicon carbide and resin in the edge grinding and polishing putty, thus impacting the glaze quality of ceramic tile products using such bodies.

[0049] A glazed tile includes a high water absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the high water absorption wet-processed powder blank is >0.5% and ≤3.0%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The high water absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing high water absorption powder, and the high water absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making process; The chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the highly hygroscopic powder is 16.2-17.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.3-6.3%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.4%.

[0050] This solution also proposes a glazed tile using the above-mentioned fully polished glaze, which is combined with a wet-processed powder body with high water absorption rate. This is beneficial to meeting the market demand for low-value, low-performance ceramic products (this solution specifically refers to 0.5 < E (body water absorption rate) ≤ 3.0%, and the body is made of powder produced by wet-processing powder).

[0051] Specifically, this technical solution proposes a formula for wet-process powdered green bodies with high water absorption rate. The purpose is to meet the market demand for low-value, low-performance ceramic products while achieving low-temperature rapid firing of the green body (this solution specifically refers to a firing temperature ≤1100℃ and a firing cycle ≤30min), and at the same time improve the roller marks caused by excessive softening during high-temperature firing.

[0052] It should be noted that the water absorption rate of the green body is mainly reflected in the strength of the ceramic product, and the strength of the ceramic product also determines its market positioning. Generally speaking, the higher the water absorption rate, the lower the strength of the ceramic product, which is suitable for the low-end market.

[0053] Specifically, this scheme first controls the Al2O3 content in the high hygroscopic powder to be 16.2-17.2%. This aluminum content range can meet the requirements of the high water absorption green body produced by this scheme in resisting high temperature softening while reducing the cost of raw materials. It avoids the softening of the green body due to excessively low content, which can cause defects such as roller marks or even brick deformation. At the same time, it can also prevent the green body formula from requiring a high firing temperature due to excessively high content, which would make it impossible to achieve the low temperature fast firing mechanism required by this scheme.

[0054] Furthermore, to adapt to the Al2O3 content in the formula, this solution designs the fluxing system of the green body formula as a quaternary system of CaO-MgO-K2O-Na2O. In addition to controlling the total content of the fluxing components, the content of each individual fluxing component is also controlled. Utilizing the gradient fluxing effect provided by the quaternary fluxing system, the product is less prone to rapid softening of the liquid phase during high-temperature firing due to a single flux, thus preventing excessive softening of the green body. Moreover, the optimized total content range of the fluxing components in this solution can reduce the density of the green body formula while lowering the cost of the raw materials, thereby increasing the water absorption rate of the green body and meeting the market demand for low-value, low-performance ceramic products.

[0055] To further explain, the chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes 68.2–70.5% SiO2, 16.2–17.2% Al2O3, 1.4–2.5% Fe2O3, 0.2–0.4% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.6–2.2% MgO, 1.5–1.7% K2O, 1.4–1.6% Na2O, and 3.8–5.5% loss on ignition.

[0056] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the green body's performance throughout the forming, drying, and firing processes, while meeting the performance requirements of this solution, this solution proposes a specific embodiment of the chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder. In one specific embodiment, this solution also controls the loss on ignition (IL) of the highly hygroscopic powder formulation to below 5.5% to reduce gaseous products generated in the green body and ensure green body quality.

[0057] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can configure the chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder in this scheme according to the local raw material resources. This scheme does not limit the composition and proportion of the raw materials.

[0058] Preferably, the raw materials of the highly hygroscopic powder are composed of 4% bentonite, 6% bauxite, 18% green sand, 1.5% magnesia, 15% broken brick powder, 16% mixed mud, 16% grinding and polishing mud, 1% talc and 22.5% yellow sand by mass percentage.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a specific raw material ratio scheme for highly hygroscopic powder is also proposed.

[0060] In this raw material formula, the main role of bentonite is to improve the plasticity and strength of the green body during molding and transportation, and reduce the occurrence of broken bricks.

[0061] Bauxite, the most common raw material in ceramic tile production, is mainly composed of hydrous / soft boehmite. Its function is to increase the Al2O3 content in the formula and its resistance to softening during high-temperature firing. At the same time, mixed clay is introduced into the raw material formula to supplement the Al2O3 in the chemical composition. Since the main mineral of the mixed clay is kaolinite, it is easier to sinter than hydrous / soft boehmite, thus ensuring the strength during the molding process and the high-temperature resistance during high-temperature firing.

[0062] Green sand is a type of sand material, mainly produced in Rongchang District and Yongchuan District of Chongqing. It is a unique ceramic raw material in the area. This type of raw material has good firing plasticity and large reserves, making it easy to obtain. If it is added in large quantities to the body formula, the cost of raw materials can be greatly reduced. At the same time, because the chemical composition of green sand also contains a certain amount of MgO, K2O and Na2O, it has a good fluxing effect.

[0063] Magnesia clay, as the main source of MgO in chemical composition, has the effects of fluxing and whitening to a certain extent; in addition, talc, as a supplementary source of MgO in chemical composition, can increase the stability of the formula when the two are combined.

[0064] Yellow sand is also a cheap and white raw material in Chongqing, which has good economic benefits. However, because the Al2O3 content in the raw material is extremely low, excessive use will lead to a decrease in the overall Al2O3 content of the formula, resulting in softening of the green body.

[0065] Broken brick powder is clinker formed by crushing substandard products after firing. When added to other raw materials, it can promote rapid firing of the green body layer, further reducing the energy consumption of green body production, thus effectively promoting rapid firing of the green body and shortening the firing cycle. At the same time, replacing traditional feldspar materials as a fluxing agent in the formula has a significant fluxing effect and can also effectively reduce raw material costs.

[0066] Edge grinding and polishing putty is a common waste material in the building ceramics industry, mainly generated during the edge grinding and polishing process of ceramic tiles. Its main minerals are glass phase, quartz, and mullite, with small amounts of silicon carbide and grinding resin, making it prone to foaming. As a solid waste material, its outsourced treatment is costly, and it is generally used in small quantities in the body formulation to reduce costs. However, since the purpose of this solution is to prepare bodies with high water absorption, and high water absorption produces less liquid phase during high-temperature firing, it has less impact on the exhaust of easily foaming materials such as silicon carbide and resin in the edge grinding and polishing putty. Therefore, it can be added in large quantities to the raw material formulation of this solution, achieving efficient solid waste disposal under a low-temperature rapid firing mechanism, while simultaneously ensuring product quality and cost-effectiveness.

[0067] A glazed tile includes a low-water-absorption dry-process powder body, a pattern layer, and a fully polished glaze layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired from the aforementioned fully polished glaze. According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption dry-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low water absorption dry powder blank is made by pressing and firing low water absorption dry powder, and the low water absorption dry powder is obtained by dry powder making process. The chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-absorption dry powder is 17.0-18.0%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.8-6.8%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, the content of Na2O is ≥1.9%, and the content of Na2O is greater than the content of MgO.

[0068] This solution also proposes a glazed tile using the aforementioned fully polished glaze, which is combined with a dry-processed powder body with low water absorption rate. This is beneficial to meeting the market demand for low-cost ceramic products (this solution specifically refers to a body with a water absorption rate of ≤0.5% and a body made from powder produced by a dry-processing powder production process).

[0069] Specifically, this technical solution proposes a formula for dry-processed powdered green bodies with low water absorption rate. The purpose is to meet the market demand for low-cost ceramic products while achieving low-temperature rapid firing of the green bodies (this solution specifically refers to a firing temperature ≤1100℃ and a firing cycle ≤30min), and at the same time improve the roller marks caused by excessive softening during high-temperature firing.

[0070] It should be noted that the water absorption rate of the green body mainly affects the strength of the ceramic product, and the strength of the ceramic product also determines its market positioning. Generally speaking, the lower the water absorption rate, the higher the strength of the ceramic product. In addition, in the preparation process of ceramic green bodies, the powder preparation process is mainly divided into wet powder preparation and dry powder preparation processes: The wet powder preparation process mainly involves first adding water to the prepared green body raw materials and wet ball milling to form a slurry, and then spray granulating the slurry through a spray tower to form powder. The resulting powder particles have the characteristics of low hardness, large particle size, and low fine powder content. The dry powder preparation process mainly involves first removing iron and crushing the prepared green body raw materials, and then grinding them through a vertical dry mill to obtain fine powder with the required moisture content. After removing iron and slag from the fine powder, it is then wet-granulated to obtain powder that meets the production particle size. The resulting powder particles have the characteristics of high hardness, small particle size, and high fine powder content. In comparison, although dry-processed powder production results in small pits on the surface of the green body, poor flatness, and obvious orange peel effect, and may cause black core and black spots on the surface of the green body after firing, it is mainly suitable for high-volume markets and engineering order products due to its obvious advantages in energy saving and low cost.

[0071] Specifically, this scheme first controls the Al2O3 content in the low-absorption dry powder to 17.0-18.0% to avoid the softening of the green body due to excessively low content, which can cause defects such as roller marks or even brick deformation. At the same time, it can also prevent the green body formula from requiring a high firing temperature due to excessively high content, which would make it impossible to achieve the low-temperature fast firing mechanism required by this scheme.

[0072] Furthermore, in order to adapt to the Al2O3 content in the formula, this scheme also designs the fluxing system of the green body formula as a quaternary system of CaO-MgO-K2O-Na2O. In addition to controlling the total content of fluxing components, the content of individual fluxing components is also controlled separately. By utilizing the gradient fluxing effect brought by the quaternary fluxing system, the product is less likely to experience rapid softening of the liquid phase due to a single flux during high-temperature firing, thus preventing the problem of excessive softening of the green body.

[0073] Furthermore, magnified microscopic images reveal that the powder particles prepared by the dry powder milling process are irregularly shaped with numerous sharp edges and a rough surface. The solid particles result in a relatively high bulk density. Consequently, during the pressing process, the pressed brick blanks, due to the lower porosity and higher density of the powder, exhibit less shrinkage and larger dimensions after firing. Simultaneously, the rough surface of the dry powder particles leads to greater friction between particles during molding, resulting in uneven stress distribution and shrinkage across the brick blank. This proposed solution increases the proportion of Na₂O in the flux composition, leveraging the greater shrinkage characteristic of the high-sodium formulation to compensate for the larger brick blank size resulting from the smaller overall shrinkage caused by the solid, fine particles in the dry powder milling process.

[0074] To further clarify, the chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder, by mass percentage, includes 66.1–68.5% SiO2, 17.0–18.0% Al2O3, 1.5–2.8% Fe2O3, 0.3–0.6% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.6–2.2% MgO, 1.5–2.0% K2O, 1.9–2.3% Na2O, and 4.0–5.0% loss on ignition.

[0075] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the green body's performance throughout the forming, drying, and firing processes, while meeting the performance requirements of this solution, a specific embodiment of the chemical composition of the low-absorption dry-process powder is proposed. In one specific embodiment, this solution also controls the loss on ignition (IL) of the low-absorption dry-process powder formulation to below 5% to reduce gaseous products generated in the green body, further ensuring the quality of the green body and meeting market demand for low-cost ceramic products.

[0076] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can configure the chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder in this scheme according to the local raw material resources. This scheme does not limit the composition and proportion of the raw materials.

[0077] Preferably, the raw materials of the low-absorption dry powder are composed of 10% bentonite, 14% bauxite, 35% green sand, 1% magnesia, 11% broken brick powder, 7% grinding and polishing mud, 1% talc and 21% yellow sand by mass percentage.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a specific raw material ratio scheme for low-absorption dry powder is also proposed.

[0079] In this raw material formulation, the main role of bentonite is to improve the plasticity and strength of the brick body during molding and transportation, reducing the occurrence of broken bricks. Furthermore, since the dry powdering process does not require the preparation of a slurry, the issue of slurry flowability does not need to be considered. Therefore, a large amount of inexpensive bentonite can be used in the formulation to improve the plasticity and strength of the brick body, eliminating the cost of using water-reducing agents and other chemical materials.

[0080] The addition of bauxite to the raw material formula is controlled at 14%, while high-alumina brick powder is introduced to supplement the Al2O3 content. Since brick powder is clinker formed from crushed waste products after firing, it has no loss on ignition and higher phase activity. Adding this clinker to other raw material compositions promotes rapid firing of the green body, further reducing energy consumption during production and effectively accelerating firing and shortening the firing cycle. Furthermore, replacing traditional feldspar as a fluxing agent in the formula has a significant fluxing effect and effectively reduces raw material costs. It should be noted that dry milling processes have high requirements for the moisture content of raw materials, generally requiring the moisture content of the green body raw materials to be below 15 wt%. Therefore, clay-based raw materials with high Al2O3 content (such as mixed clay and washed clay) typically used for supplementary Al2O3 in wet milling processes cannot be used.

[0081] Green sand is a type of sand material, mainly produced in Rongchang District and Yongchuan District of Chongqing. It is a unique ceramic raw material in the area. This type of raw material has good firing plasticity and large reserves, making it easy to obtain. If it is added in large quantities to the body formula, the cost of raw materials can be greatly reduced. At the same time, because the chemical composition of green sand also contains a certain amount of MgO, K2O and Na2O, it has a good fluxing effect.

[0082] Magnesia clay, as the main source of MgO in chemical composition, has the effects of fluxing and whitening to a certain extent; in addition, talc, as a supplementary source of MgO in chemical composition, can increase the stability of the formula when the two are combined.

[0083] Yellow sand is also a cheap and white raw material in Chongqing, which has good economic benefits. However, because the Al2O3 content in the raw material is extremely low, excessive use will lead to a decrease in the overall Al2O3 content of the formula, resulting in softening of the green body.

[0084] Edge grinding and polishing putty is a common waste material in the building ceramics industry. It mainly consists of waste residue generated during the edge grinding and polishing process of ceramic tiles. Its main minerals are glass phase, quartz, and mullite, with small amounts of silicon carbide and grinding resin, making it prone to foaming. As a solid waste material, its outsourced disposal is costly, so it is generally used in small quantities in the body formulation to reduce costs. However, its use in low-water-absorption bodies (water absorption ≤ 0.5%) must be strictly controlled. This is because low-water-absorption bodies produce a large amount of liquid phase during high-temperature firing (used to support the body's density). This liquid phase affects the degassing of easily foaming materials such as silicon carbide and resin in the edge grinding and polishing putty, thus impacting the glaze quality of ceramic tile products using such bodies.

[0085] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0086] Example 1 A. Mix the raw materials of the low hygroscopic powder, add water and ball mill to obtain a slurry; then, spray the slurry into a spray granulation tower, and obtain the low hygroscopic powder through spray granulation; The raw materials for the low-hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, consist of 3% bentonite, 12% bauxite, 32% green sand, 2.5% magnesia, 5% broken brick powder, 8% mixed mud, 4% washed mud, 7% grinding and polishing mud, 1.5% talc, and 25% yellow sand. The chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder made from the above-mentioned raw materials is shown in Table 1 below.

[0087] B. Mix the raw materials of the fully polished glaze, add water and ball mill to obtain the fully polished glaze A; The raw materials for fully polished glaze A are composed of sodium feldspar, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide and strontium carbonate. Fully polished glaze A is obtained by rationally configuring the above raw materials. Its corresponding chemical composition is shown in Table 2 below.

[0088] C. Press the low moisture absorption powder from step A into a blank, dry it, then inkjet print a pattern layer on the surface of the blank and apply a full polished glaze A. After drying again, fire it in a kiln to obtain glazed tile A. The firing temperature was 1100℃ (measured by a British Pluton temperature measuring ring), and the firing cycle was 29.5 minutes; the glazed tile A had a size of 800mm × 800mm, a body thickness of 10mm, and an inkjet printing rate of 30g / m³. 2 The glaze application rate for fully polished glazed A is 450g / m². 2 .

[0089] Example 2 A. Mix the raw materials of the highly hygroscopic powder, add water and ball mill to obtain a slurry; then, spray the slurry into a spray granulation tower, and obtain the highly hygroscopic powder through spray granulation; The raw materials for the high hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, consist of 4% bentonite, 6% bauxite, 18% green sand, 1.5% magnesia, 15% broken brick powder, 16% mixed mud, 16% grinding and polishing mud, 1% talc, and 22.5% yellow sand. The chemical composition of the high hygroscopic powder made from the above-mentioned raw materials is shown in Table 1 below.

[0090] B. Mix the raw materials of the fully polished glaze, add water and ball mill to obtain the fully polished glaze B; The raw materials for fully polished glaze B consist of sodium feldspar, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide, and strontium carbonate. Fully polished glaze B is obtained by rationally configuring the above raw materials, and its corresponding chemical composition is shown in Table 2 below.

[0091] D. Press the highly hygroscopic powder from step A into a blank, dry it, then print a pattern layer on the surface of the blank using inkjet printing and apply a fully polished glaze B. After drying again, fire it in a kiln to obtain glazed brick B. The firing temperature was 1100℃ (measured by a British Plutonium thermometer), and the firing cycle was 29.5 minutes. The glazed tile B had a size of 800mm × 800mm, a body thickness of 7.4mm, and an inkjet printing rate of 30g / m². 2 The glaze application rate for fully polished glazed B is 450g / m². 2 .

[0092] Example 3 A. Mix the raw materials of the low-absorption dry powder according to the formula, and grind them into fine powder by vertical dry mill; then, add water to the fine powder and granulate to obtain the low-absorption dry powder. The raw materials for the low-absorption dry-process powder, by mass percentage, consist of 10% bentonite, 14% bauxite, 35% green sand, 1% magnesia, 11% broken brick powder, 7% edge grinding and polishing mud, 1% talc, and 21% yellow sand. The chemical composition of the low-absorption dry-process powder made from the above-mentioned raw materials is shown in Table 1 below.

[0093] B. Mix the raw materials of the fully polished glaze, add water and ball mill to obtain the fully polished glaze C; The raw materials for fully polished glaze C consist of sodium feldspar, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide, and strontium carbonate. Fully polished glaze C is obtained by rationally configuring the above raw materials, and its corresponding chemical composition is shown in Table 2 below.

[0094] E. Press the low-absorption dry powder from step A into a blank, dry it, then inkjet print a pattern layer on the surface of the blank and apply a full polished glaze C. After drying again, fire it in a kiln to obtain glazed tiles C. The firing temperature was 1100℃ (measured by a British Pluton temperature measuring ring), and the firing cycle was 29.5 minutes; the glazed tile C had a size of 800 mm × 800 mm, a body thickness of 10 mm, and an inkjet printing rate of 30 g / m². 2 The glaze application rate for fully polished glazed C is 450g / m². 2 .

[0095] Table 1 Chemical composition of each powder in step A of Examples 1-3

[0096] Table 2 Chemical composition of each fully polished glaze in step B of Examples 1-3

[0097] It should be noted that the total chemical composition of the powders listed in Examples 1-3 of Table 1 is less than 100%, and the remaining content is an unavoidable impurity in the formulation system. The total chemical composition of the fully polished glazes listed in Examples 1-3 of Table 2 is less than 100%, and the remaining content is an unavoidable impurity in the formulation system.

[0098] The glazed tiles prepared in Examples 1-3 were subjected to corresponding performance tests according to the test methods of the People's Republic of China National Standards GB / T 4100-2015 and GB / T 45817-2025. The results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 Performance test results of various glazed tiles in Examples 1-3

[0099] As shown in Table 3, this solution can reduce firing energy consumption and achieve low-temperature fast firing while ensuring the physical and chemical properties of fully polished glaze. The performance test results of roller printing meet the standard of GB / T 45817—2025, and the other performance test results meet the standard of GB / T 4100-2015.

[0100] It should be noted that the chemical composition of the raw materials for each green body powder in Examples 1-3 is as follows: The chemical composition of the bauxite, by mass percentage, includes 41.64% SiO2, 40.99% Al2O3, 1.59% Fe2O3, 1.08% TiO2, 0.29% CaO, 0.38% MgO, 0.65% K2O, 0.31% Na2O, and 12.89% loss on ignition.

[0101] The chemical composition of the bentonite, by mass percentage, includes 68.45% SiO2, 14.57% Al2O3, 0.81% Fe2O3, 0.11% TiO2, 1.48% CaO, 1.59% MgO, 2.91% K2O, 1.67% Na2O, and 7.02% loss on ignition.

[0102] According to mass percentage, the chemical composition of the green sand includes 69.51% SiO2, 14.73% Al2O3, 3.19% Fe2O3, 0.31% TiO2, 1.41% CaO, 1.83% MgO, 1.74% K2O, 3.87% Na2O and 2.59% loss on ignition.

[0103] The chemical composition of the magnesian clay, by mass percentage, includes 62.59% SiO2, 5.79% Al2O3, 1.62% Fe2O3, 0.13% TiO2, 0.79% CaO, 1.41% MgO, 0.25% K2O, 0.25% Na2O, and 6.04% loss on ignition.

[0104] The chemical composition of the broken brick powder, by mass percentage, includes 65.67% SiO2, 18.0% Al2O3, 1.75% Fe2O3, 0.5% TiO2, 0.62% CaO, 1.77% MgO, 1.92% K2O, and 2.09% Na2O.

[0105] The chemical composition of the mixed mud, by mass percentage, includes 69.35% SiO2, 20.5% Al2O3, 0.94% Fe2O3, 0.43% TiO2, 0.98% CaO, 0.3% MgO, 1.06% K2O, 0.17% Na2O, and 7.21% loss on ignition.

[0106] The chemical composition of the washed mud, by mass percentage, includes 49.1% SiO2, 33.74% Al2O3, 2.11% Fe2O3, 0.2% TiO2, 0.23% CaO, 0.58% MgO, 2.56% K2O, 0.31% Na2O, and 11.09% loss on ignition.

[0107] The chemical composition of the edge polishing paste, by mass percentage, includes 67.48% SiO2, 18.0% Al2O3, 1.6% Fe2O3, 0.38% TiO2, 2.12% CaO, 2.46% MgO, 2.05% K2O, 2.14% Na2O, and 1.77% loss on ignition.

[0108] The chemical composition of the talc, by mass percentage, includes 32.24% SiO2, 0.69% Al2O3, 0.22% Fe2O3, 0.03% TiO2, 1.76% CaO, 37.57% MgO, 0.01% K2O, 0.09% Na2O, and 27.0% loss on ignition.

[0109] The chemical composition of the yellow sand, by mass percentage, includes 79.63% SiO2, 9.53% Al2O3, 0.65% Fe2O3, 0.22% TiO2, 0.24% CaO, 0.32% MgO, 1.63% K2O, 0.22% Na2O, and 2.8% loss on ignition.

[0110] The technical principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the invention in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of the invention without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed tile, characterized in that: The gloss of the fully polished glaze is 30-50°, the firing temperature of the fully polished glaze is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The raw materials for the fully polished glaze are composed of albite, kaolin, calcined clay, dolomite, quartz, calcite, alumina, zinc oxide and strontium carbonate; The silicon-to-aluminum ratio of the fully polished glaze is 3.0 to 3.2, and the Na2O content in the fully polished glaze is 4.2 to 5.2% and the SrO content is 3.3 to 4.3% by mass percentage.

2. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to mass percentage, the chemical composition of the fully polished glaze includes SiO2 45.0-49.0%, Al2O3 14.7-15.6%, Fe2O3 0.1-0.2%, TiO2 0.05-0.1%, CaO 8.5-9.5%, MgO 2.5-3.5%, K2O 0.1-0.3%, Na2O 4.2-5.2%, ZnO 3.4-4.4%, SrO 3.3-4.3%, and loss on ignition 8.0-12.0%.

3. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed steel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chemical composition of the fully polished glaze, by mass percentage, includes 47.05% SiO2, 15.14% Al2O3, 0.17% Fe2O3, 0.08% TiO2, 8.76% CaO, 3.08% MgO, 0.17% K2O, 4.7% Na2O, 3.96% ZnO, 3.86% SrO, and 10.67% loss on ignition.

4. The energy-saving and consumption-reducing fully polished glazed steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: According to the mass percentage, the raw materials of the fully polished glaze are composed of 52.5% sodium feldspar, 6% kaolin, 6% calcined clay, 15% dolomite, 2% quartz, 7% calcite, 2% alumina, 4% zinc oxide and 5.5% strontium carbonate.

5. A glazed tile, characterized in that: It includes a low water absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer and a fully polished glaze layer arranged from bottom to top, and the fully polished glaze layer is fired by firing the fully polished glaze as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption wet-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low-water-absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing low-water-absorption powder, and the low-water-absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making. The chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-hygroscopic powder is 17.2-18.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.6-6.6%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.8%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.5%.

6. A glazed tile according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chemical composition of the low-hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes SiO2 66.4–67.5%, Al2O3 17.2–18.2%, Fe2O3 1.6–2.7%, TiO2 0.3–0.5%, CaO 0.8–1.2%, MgO 1.8–2.3%, K2O 1.5–1.6%, Na2O 1.5–1.8%, and loss on ignition 4.8–5.5%.

7. A glazed tile, characterized in that: It includes a high water absorption wet-process powder body, a pattern layer and a fully polished glaze layer arranged from bottom to top, and the fully polished glaze layer is made by firing the fully polished glaze as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the high water absorption wet-processed powder blank is >0.5% and ≤3.0%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The high water absorption wet-process powder blank is made by pressing and firing high water absorption powder, and the high water absorption powder is obtained by wet-process powder making process; The chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the highly hygroscopic powder is 16.2-17.2%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.3-6.3%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, and the content of Na2O is ≥1.4%.

8. A glazed tile according to claim 7, characterized in that: The chemical composition of the highly hygroscopic powder, by mass percentage, includes 68.2–70.5% SiO2, 16.2–17.2% Al2O3, 1.4–2.5% Fe2O3, 0.2–0.4% TiO2, 0.8–1.2% CaO, 1.6–2.2% MgO, 1.5–1.7% K2O, 1.4–1.6% Na2O, and 3.8–5.5% loss on ignition.

9. A glazed tile, characterized in that: It includes a low water absorption dry powder body, a pattern layer and a fully polished glaze layer arranged from bottom to top, wherein the fully polished glaze layer is fired by firing the fully polished glaze as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; According to mass percentage, the water absorption rate of the low water absorption dry-process powdered green body is ≤0.5%, the firing temperature is ≤1100℃, and the firing cycle is ≤30min; The low water absorption dry powder blank is made by pressing and firing low water absorption dry powder, and the low water absorption dry powder is obtained by dry powder making process. The chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder includes Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O. By mass percentage, the content of Al2O3 in the low-absorption dry powder is 17.0-18.0%, the total content of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O is 5.8-6.8%, the content of CaO is ≥0.8%, the content of MgO is ≥1.6%, the content of K2O is ≥1.5%, the content of Na2O is ≥1.9%, and the content of Na2O is greater than the content of MgO.

10. A glazed tile according to claim 9, characterized in that: According to mass percentage, the chemical composition of the low-absorption dry powder includes SiO2 66.1-68.5%, Al2O3 17.0-18.0%, Fe2O3 1.5-2.8%, TiO2 0.3-0.6%, CaO 0.8-1.2%, MgO 1.6-2.2%, K2O 1.5-2.0%, Na2O 1.9-2.3%, and loss on ignition 4.0-5.0%.

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