Tail gas purification plant configuration system for parking pavilion

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of healthy parking facilities, in particular to a tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion, and aims to solve many problems of a traditional parking lot. Comprising a low-carbon ground, a support assembly and a hollow ceiling. The low-carbon ground comprises a plurality of parking spaces, a support assembly is supported between every two adjacent parking spaces, the top ends of the support assemblies are connected with a hollowed-out ceiling, and the hollowed-out ceiling covers the upper portions of the parking spaces. The hollowed-out ceiling is a latticed ceiling formed by connecting a plurality of weather-proof steel pipes in a transverse and longitudinal arrangement mode, guardrails are arranged on the edges of the hollowed-out ceiling, a plurality of planting pots are arranged on the hollowed-out ceiling, first plants are planted in the planting pots, a latticed fence is arranged at the rear end of the parking space, a plurality of planting boxes are arranged on the fence, and second plants are planted in the planting boxes. According to the invention, the parking space is divided into independent spaces through green plants, an immersive recovery environment which makes drivers feel comfortable is created, the vigor of the drivers is recovered, and the physical and psychological health of the drivers is cared and supported.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of healthy parking facilities technology, and more specifically, to a system for purifying exhaust gases using plants in parking pavilions. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the concept of eco-parking, existing technologies have emerged that use plants to improve the environment and purify the air in parking facilities. For example, some parking pavilions or eco-parking lots have greenery on their roofs or around their perimeters, utilizing the photosynthesis of plants to absorb carbon dioxide and hoping that they will have a certain adsorption and purification effect on vehicle exhaust.

[0003] However, most existing plant configuration schemes remain at the level of simply greening for the sake of greening or based on general considerations such as aesthetics and ease of survival, lacking targeted research and application of the diffusion patterns of vehicle exhaust pollution in parking scenarios. Vehicle exhaust is complex, mainly including gaseous pollutants (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides) and solid particulate matter (such as PM2.5 and PM10), whose diffusion, distribution, and sedimentation characteristics vary significantly within specific parking spaces. Current technologies generally fail to scientifically and precisely configure plants in a three-dimensional manner based on these differentiated diffusion patterns, resulting in limited purification efficiency and insufficient system synergy.

[0004] Specifically, existing solutions typically fail to differentiate the functional roles of the roof area and the vertical enclosure area in intercepting and purifying different types of pollutants. For example, they fail to recognize that, under certain structures, lighter gaseous pollutants tend to accumulate below the roof, while heavier particulate matter is more easily blocked and settled by the rear enclosure. Therefore, the selection of plant species and their placement often do not match the actual spatial distribution of pollutants, resulting in a rather extensive and inefficient approach to greening that fails to achieve optimal exhaust gas purification efficiency from a system design perspective. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a tail gas purification plant configuration system for parking pavilions, which can solve many problems existing in traditional parking lots.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A plant configuration system for purifying exhaust gas in a parking pavilion, comprising:

[0008] The perforated ceiling, with its grid-like structure, is installed above the parking spaces;

[0009] Vertical fencing, which has a grid structure, is installed at the rear of the parking space;

[0010] The perforated ceiling is equipped with planting pots for planting the first plant;

[0011] The vertical enclosure is equipped with planting boxes for planting a second plant;

[0012] The first plant was selected based on the following criteria: According to the diffusion pattern of gaseous pollutants in automobile exhaust obtained by CFD simulation, the gaseous pollutants mainly accumulate in the area near the perforated roof. Therefore, the first plant was selected as the main plant for adsorbing gaseous pollutants.

[0013] The second plant was selected based on the following: According to the diffusion law of particulate pollutants in automobile exhaust obtained by CFD simulation, the particulate pollutants are easily deposited in the vicinity of the vertical enclosure due to obstruction. Therefore, the second plant was selected as the main plant for adsorbing particulate pollutants.

[0014] The first plant and the second plant work together to form a three-dimensional exhaust gas purification system above and behind the parking space.

[0015] Furthermore, the diffusion patterns obtained from the CFD simulation include: gaseous pollutants are easily accumulated in the porous structure area below the perforated ceiling (3) due to airflow separation; particulate pollutants are intercepted and settled behind the vehicle by the physical barrier of the vertical enclosure.

[0016] Furthermore, the first plant includes one or more combinations of Virginia creeper, Virginia creeper, ivy, trumpet vine, rose, carnation, daylily, iris, or Haworthia.

[0017] Furthermore, the second plant is a lichen and / or moss.

[0018] Furthermore, the vertical enclosure is a louvered structure, which includes multiple partitions for supporting the substrate on which the second plant is planted.

[0019] Furthermore, the vertical enclosure has a partition width of 5cm and a thickness of 1cm.

[0020] Furthermore, the planting pots installed on the perforated ceiling are small resin planting pots with a diameter not exceeding 20cm.

[0021] Furthermore, the system also includes a support assembly disposed between adjacent parking spaces, wherein a grid climbing frame is provided between the two bifurcated support portions at the upper part of the support assembly for the first plant to hang down and climb to form an auxiliary purification interface.

[0022] Furthermore, the vertical enclosure is a detachable or movable structure to facilitate the replacement of the carrier module planted with the second plant.

[0023] Furthermore, the combined configuration of the first and second plants constructs a synergistic purification path from the adsorption of gaseous pollutants on the ceiling to the adsorption of particulate pollutants on the vertical surface.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art.

[0025] This invention abandons the generalized, empirical plant configuration methods of existing technologies. Instead, it uses precise design based on exhaust gas diffusion patterns obtained from CFD simulations to ensure a high degree of match between plant configuration and the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants. Specifically, for gaseous pollutants that mainly accumulate in the ceiling area, a first type of plant, specifically designed to adsorb these pollutants, is placed on the perforated ceiling. For particulate pollutants that are easily settled due to vertical barriers, a second type of plant, adept at adsorbing particulate matter, is placed on these barriers. This strategy of planting according to location and selecting plants based on pollution allows both types of plants to exert their maximum purification potential in their most effective spatial positions, thereby achieving targeted and efficient removal of both gaseous and solid pollutants from exhaust gas. The overall purification efficiency is far superior to the traditional approach of indiscriminate configuration. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Some specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in an exemplary and non-limiting manner. The same reference numerals in the drawings designate the same or similar parts or components. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is the right view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a low-carbon ground surface;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a grass-planting brick;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the CFD simulation wind field of this invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the CFD simulation of this invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a side view of the CFD simulation of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a top view of the CFD simulation of this invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is the CFD simulation isometric drawing of this invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a top view of the CFD simulation when the parking system is distributed in opposite directions;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a top view of the CFD simulation when the parking system is distributed in a single row;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a front view of another preferred embodiment of the parking system.

[0041] Figure 15 This is a side view of another preferred embodiment of the parking system.

[0042] In the diagram, 1. Low-carbon ground, 11. Grass paving area, 12. Hard paving area, 2. Support components, 21. Main support column, 22. Auxiliary support column, 23. Grid climbing trellis, 3. Hollowed-out roof, 31. Guardrail, 4. Fence.

[0043] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. The elements in the drawings are schematic and not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] The following embodiments of this application use a tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion as an example to illustrate the solution of this application in detail. However, this embodiment does not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Climbing plants are an efficient choice for creating vertical greening and shading effects, with different species suitable for diverse urban environments due to their unique advantages. The first plants in this patent—including Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Ivy, Trumpet creeper, Rose, Dianthus, Daylily simonii, Iris tectorum, and Haworthia truncata—possess strong climbing abilities and can firmly attach to weather-resistant steel pipes, supports, and other surfaces of climbing canopies, making them suitable for covering parking lot roofs and grid climbing trellises. They grow rapidly, spread quickly under suitable conditions, are highly adaptable, have low soil requirements, and exhibit strong adaptability and tolerance, being cold-resistant, drought-resistant, tolerant of poor soil, and pollution-resistant. The mixed configuration of these plants in this patent demonstrates greater ecological resilience, strong adaptability to harsh urban conditions, and reduced subsequent maintenance costs.

[0047] The shrubs have rough leaves, forming a three-dimensional barrier with their dense, low-lying branching structure. The second plant in this patent—various shrubs such as golden-edged boxwood, lilac, liriope, and red-flowered loropetalum—has thick leaves and strong tolerance to vehicle exhaust fumes. Among them, red-flowered loropetalum contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides, offering both ecological purification and health benefits. The shrubs are mostly located in the middle layer (at the vertical enclosure). In terms of space utilization, the diverse plant shapes and branching of the shrubs effectively fill the middle layer space, forming a visual connection and ecological transition layer, and can be pruned and shaped according to the design.

[0048] Mosses thrive in shady, moist environments and tolerate poor soil conditions. They do not require deep soil and can attach to rocks, bark, soilless tarpaulins, and grass pavers, relying on their rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients. The third type of plant described in this patent—lichens and / or mosses—can effectively cover grass pavers and exposed soil surfaces, suppressing dust and reducing soil erosion. Their dense planting layer can retain moisture and provides some air purification and noise reduction capabilities. They are an important component of low-maintenance, sustainable vertical greening and possess strong ecological adaptability.

[0049] In terms of space utilization, the tiered planting model creates a three-dimensional, layered cover through differentiated climbing methods and growth forms. First-layer plants (vines, herbs, etc.) quickly cover vertical and horizontal interfaces such as climbing canopies and trellises, significantly increasing the green surface area per unit area and efficiently forming shade and ecological barriers. Second-layer plants (shrubs) effectively occupy and enrich the middle layer of space, forming a stable plant community structure that connects the upper and lower layers, enhancing visual and ecological hierarchy. Third-layer plants (lichens / mosses) cover the surface of grass pavers and hard substrates, making full use of small spaces, conserving soil and water, and forming an ecological base. These three elements work synergistically to simultaneously achieve multiple ecological functions within a limited space, maximizing space utilization efficiency.

[0050] Toxic gaseous pollutants commonly found in vehicle exhaust, such as ammonia (NH3), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), chlorine (Cl2), and photochemical smog, are primarily formed through incomplete combustion of fuels and the decomposition of organic matter. Ozone, in particular, is almost never emitted initially; it is mainly generated secondary through chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and precursors such as hydrocarbons (VOCs). This not only damages the human respiratory tract and affects health but also leads to a decline in vegetation productivity. These pollutants can penetrate the conjunctiva and respiratory mucosa, triggering acute inflammatory responses. Cl2 exposure has been proven to cause respiratory chemical burns, damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier, and significantly increase the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiopulmonary failure.

[0051] Its purification mechanism is based on the absorption and degradation of air pollutants by plant metabolism. Pollutant absorption mainly occurs on the surface of above-ground plants (primarily through the stomata of leaves). Stomatal deposition is one of the most important processes in atmospheric ozone dry deposition, accounting for 40%-60% of global ozone deposition on average. Stomatal conductance is a crucial parameter in ozone dry deposition simulation. Pollutant degradation occurs through the breakdown of exogenous pollutants by plant metabolites such as enzymes. The selected plant leaves contain abundant catalase and dehalogenase. Therefore, the selected first and second plants help purify atmospheric pollutants, such as harmful substances (e.g., ozone, photochemical smog) and greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)). This plant-mediated pollutant metabolism not only effectively reduces environmental concentration thresholds but also significantly improves human comfort by enhancing the Air Quality Index (AQI), thus possessing both ecosystem service functions and human health promotion value. It should be noted that although vegetation emits volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which may affect ozone formation, the plant species selected in this patent have been screened and have low BVOC emissions. Furthermore, the adsorption and sedimentation effect of their stomata on ozone is far greater than the promoting effect of their emitted BVOCs on ozone formation, thus exhibiting an overall advantage in ozone purification.

[0052] Plants can effectively mitigate the direct impact of local environmental pollution by adsorbing atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Studies have shown that the spatial distribution relationship between vegetation and pollution sources directly affects their particulate matter interception efficiency. By using plant community combinations at different heights (the stratified configuration of the first, second, and third plants in this patent), gradient adsorption of particulate matter in different vertical spaces can be achieved, thereby significantly reducing near-ground PM concentrations. Combinations of different types of climbing plants can enrich the plant community structure and improve particulate matter adsorption efficiency; the second plant (shrubs), with its dense branches and rough leaf surface, can efficiently intercept mid-layer particulate pollutants; the dense planting layer of the third plant (lichens / mosses) can capture fine particulate matter that has not settled near the ground, forming a comprehensive particulate matter adsorption system.

[0053] Negative ions released by plants can effectively reduce suspended particulate matter (PM). As monopolar charged particles, negative air ions (NAIs) can charge the surface of PM through electrostatic interactions, significantly accelerating its settling process. Charged PM is easily adsorbed onto adjacent surfaces or undergoes inter-particle aggregation due to Coulomb forces, resulting in a significantly higher settling rate compared to neutral particles. Studies have shown that the vertical structure of plant communities has the most significant reduction effect on PM2.5 and PM1; under the same conditions, the more mixed the plants, the better the reduction effect on particulate matter. The diverse combination of the first, second, and third plants in this patent provides a richer vertical structure and species richness, releasing a large number of negative ions to further enhance the particulate matter settling effect and improve the system's purification efficiency.

[0054] Negative ions (NAI) released by plants can effectively improve human health. Physiologically, NAI enhances the mechanical flexibility of red blood cell membranes and optimizes mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, synergistically improving cardiovascular homeostasis; its antihypertensive effect has been validated in multiple independent studies. Psychologically, clinical observations have confirmed that NAI intervention can significantly alleviate typical symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and its effect on mood disorders is similar to classic non-pharmacological antidepressant therapies. Furthermore, intervention studies on patients with chronic depression show that NAI has potential therapeutic value. The layered plant configuration of this patent continuously releases negative ions, improving the microenvironment around the parking pavilion and providing health protection for drivers and passengers.

[0055] Studies have confirmed that volatile organic compounds released by aromatic plants exhibit significant therapeutic potential in relieving psychological stress and improving mood disorders. Plant aromatic volatiles can effectively improve anxiety and depression through multiple target pathways and have clinical application feasibility. Simultaneously, plant aromatic volatiles can restore neuroendocrine homeostasis by regulating salivary cortisol concentration (a stress biomarker) and thus reduce stress. This patent selects various aromatic plants, such as trumpet vine, rose, clove, and redbud, which generally have a long flowering period. The active ingredients in the volatile oils of redbud can further enhance the health benefits. Its aroma contains various volatile organic compounds that have a strong restorative effect on human physical and mental health, relieving the frustration of parking and retrieving a car and improving the user experience.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system for parking pavilions with opposing distribution is applied in this embodiment to a landscape parking pavilion with opposing distribution. The two parking spaces of the parking pavilion are set opposite each other, forming a parking unit. Each parking unit is equipped with one set of this exhaust gas purification plant configuration system, which is compatible with the parking pavilion basic structure of double parking space + single support component as described in the technical disclosure.

[0058] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of this embodiment includes: a grid-shaped perforated roof 3, a grid-shaped vertical enclosure 4, a first plant planting pot, a second plant planting box, a support assembly 2, and a grid climbing trellis 23; wherein, the perforated roof 3 is set above the common area of ​​two opposing parking spaces, the vertical enclosure 4 is set at the rear end of the two parking spaces respectively, the support assembly 2 is set between the two opposing parking spaces, the grid climbing trellis 23 is set between the upper bifurcated support parts of the support assembly 2, the first plant planting pot is placed at the grid nodes of the perforated roof 3, and the second plant planting box is embedded in the louvered partition of the vertical enclosure 4. The first plant and the second plant work together to form a three-dimensional exhaust gas purification interface above, behind, and between the parking spaces.

[0059] The perforated roof (3: weather-resistant steel pipes are arranged horizontally and vertically to form a grid structure with a spacing of 30cm×30cm. A metal guardrail with a height of 20cm is set at the edge of the roof (31; the first plant planting pot on the roof is a small resin planting pot with a diameter of 18cm (≤20cm). The pots are evenly arranged at a density of 1 pot per 0.1㎡ of roof area. The bottom of the planting pot has a water-permeable hole that is connected to the rainwater collection structure of the perforated roof to realize rainwater recycling and irrigation.

[0060] The vertical enclosure (4) adopts a louvered grid structure, which is a detachable metal frame structure. The frame is composed of several independent metal squares spliced ​​together, and each metal square is filled with plant planting substrate. The louvered partitions of the enclosure are 5cm wide and 1cm thick, and the spacing between the partitions is 3cm. This can achieve both physical blocking and settling of exhaust gas, and ensure adequate airflow to avoid excessive local accumulation of pollutants. The overall height of the vertical enclosure is 2.4m, which matches the maximum exhaust emission height (not exceeding 240cm) recorded in the CFD simulation in the technical disclosure, achieving full-height interception of particulate pollutants.

[0061] Support assembly (2) and grid climbing frame (23): The support assembly is a Y-shaped precast concrete main support column + wooden auxiliary support column structure. The grid climbing frame (23) is set between the two bifurcated support parts on the upper part of the main support column. The climbing frame is a metal grid structure with a grid aperture of 15cm×15cm, which is suitable for the climbing growth of vine plants. The lower part of the support assembly is covered with a 2cm thick and 1m high rubber anti-collision pad to avoid damage to the system from vehicle collisions.

[0062] Planting boxes and planting substrate: The planting boxes on the vertical enclosure (4) are detachable plastic boxes that match the louvered partition. The boxes are filled with a mixed substrate of humus, perlite and coconut coir (volume ratio 3:1:1). The substrate has a water retention rate of ≥60%, providing a stable growth environment for the second plant, lichen and moss. The planting boxes can be disassembled and replaced as a whole with the metal frame, which is convenient for timely replacement after the plant's absorption capacity reaches the threshold.

[0063] The plant configuration in this embodiment is strictly based on the vehicle exhaust gas diffusion pattern obtained from CFD simulation for targeted selection, achieving synergistic adsorption by the first and second plants:

[0064] The first plant selection: a combination of Virginia creeper, Virginia quinquefolia, and Dianthus chinensis. Virginia creeper and Virginia quinquefolia are vines. Some are planted in planting pots in the perforated canopy, climbing along the weather-resistant steel pipes of the canopy to form a green covering layer below the canopy. Others climb along the grid trellis (23), forming a vertical auxiliary purification interface between two opposite parking spaces. Dianthus chinensis is a herbaceous plant, densely planted in the gaps between the vines in the planting pots in the canopy. The three plants work together as the main plants for adsorbing gaseous pollutants, targeting and adsorbing gaseous pollutants such as CO and aromatic hydrocarbons in automobile exhaust.

[0065] The second type of plant: a combination of lichen and moss, planted in a 1:1 area ratio in the planting boxes of the vertical fence, attached to the substrate surface of the louvered partition. As the main plants for adsorbing particulate pollutants, they target and adsorb particulate pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 in automobile exhaust. The combination of lichen and moss utilizes their shade tolerance and strong adsorption properties to form a dense particulate pollutant adsorption layer on the fence surface.

[0066] This embodiment addresses the exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of opposing parking pavilions by constructing a three-step progressive collaborative purification path, consistent with the exhaust gas adsorption steps described in the technical disclosure document:

[0067] Step 1: After the vehicle exhaust gas is discharged from the outlet (15cm above the ground, flow rate 0.5m / s), it first comes into contact with the vertical fence (4) at the rear of the parking space. The louvered structure of the fence physically blocks the exhaust gas, cutting off the diffusion of particulate pollutants in the horizontal and vertical directions. At the same time, the second plant lichen + moss preliminarily adsorbs particulate pollutants, realizing the interception and sedimentation of PM2.5 and PM10.

[0068] Step 2: The exhaust gas, after being initially treated by the enclosure, diffuses upwards to the area above the parking space. In the porous structure area below the perforated roof (3), gaseous pollutants accumulate due to airflow separation. At this time, the first plant (Winter Ivy + Virginia Creeper + Dianthus) planted on the roof targets and adsorbs the accumulated CO, aromatic hydrocarbons and other gaseous pollutants.

[0069] Step 3: A small amount of gaseous pollutants that are not adsorbed by the roof plants diffuse between the two opposite parking spaces and are adsorbed a second time by the first plant vertical auxiliary purification interface on the grid climbing trellis (23). This ultimately achieves the stratified and step-by-step synergistic purification of particulate pollutants and gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas, preventing pollutants from spreading into the atmosphere or accumulating in the driver's breathing zone.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system for parking pavilions with a single row of distributed parking spaces is applied to a landscape parking pavilion with a single row of distributed parking spaces. The multiple parking spaces of the parking pavilion are arranged in a straight line in a single row, and each two adjacent parking spaces form a parking unit. Each unit is equipped with one set of this exhaust gas purification plant configuration system, which is compatible with the parking pavilion basic structure of double parking spaces + single support components as described in the technical disclosure.

[0072] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of this embodiment has the same composition as that of embodiment 1, including a perforated roof (3), a vertical enclosure (4), a first plant planting pot, a second plant planting box, a support assembly (2), and a grid climbing trellis (23); the difference is that a fixed wall is set at the rear of the parking space of the single-row parking pavilion, the vertical enclosure (4) is set against the fixed wall, the perforated roof (3) only covers the top of the single-row parking space, and the grid climbing trellis (23) is set on the support assembly 2 between adjacent parking spaces to form a linear exhaust gas purification system extending along the single-row parking space.

[0073] The structure and dimensional parameters of each component in this embodiment are completely consistent with those in Embodiment 1, including the parameters of the weather-resistant steel pipe mesh of the perforated roof, the diameter of the small resin planting pot (18cm), the dimensions of the louvered partition of the vertical enclosure (5cm wide, 1cm thick), and the parameters of the anti-collision pad of the support assembly (2cm thick, 1m high), etc. The only adjustment is the placement density of the first plant planting pot. Because the exhaust gas from the single-row parking pavilion will diffuse obliquely upward in the opposite direction after being blocked by the wall, it is necessary to increase the adsorption density of the roof plants. The placement density of the planting pots is adjusted to one per 0.08㎡ of roof area to ensure sufficient adsorption of gaseous pollutants.

[0074] The plant configuration in this embodiment is adjusted based on the exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of a single-row distributed parking pavilion (the wall obstructs the exhaust gas, causing it to diffuse obliquely upwards, requiring the adsorption of all harmful gases and particulate matter in the exhaust gas). The adsorption range of the first plant covers gaseous pollutants and some particulate pollutants, while the second plant still primarily focuses on adsorbing particulate pollutants. The specific configuration is as follows:

[0075] The first plant selection is a combination of ivy, trumpet vine, daylily, and striped haworthia. Ivy and trumpet vine are climbing plants that grow along the perforated ceiling and grid trellis, forming a green canopy and a vertical auxiliary purification interface, which has the ability to adsorb both gaseous pollutants (CO, aromatic hydrocarbons) and fine particulate pollutants (PM2.5). Daylily and striped haworthia are herbaceous / succulent plants that are tolerant of poor soil and wind resistance. They are densely planted in the planting pots on the ceiling to improve the adsorption efficiency of gaseous pollutants and are suitable for the single-row distribution of exhaust gas diffusion characteristics.

[0076] The second plant: still choose the combination of lichen and moss, and plant them in the louvered planting box of the vertical fence according to the 1:1 area ratio of Example 1. Relying on the physical barrier of the fence, the particulate pollutants that diffuse back from the wall are intercepted and adsorbed. At the same time, the dense growth layer of lichen and moss can capture fine particulate pollutants that diffuse obliquely upward.

[0077] This embodiment addresses the exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of single-row distributed parking pavilions by constructing a synergistic purification path combining bidirectional barrier and omnidirectional adsorption:

[0078] Step 1: After the vehicle exhaust is emitted, part of it diffuses towards the rear of the parking space and is blocked by the vertical barrier 4 set up against the fixed wall. Secondly, the plant lichen and moss adsorb and settle the particulate pollutants. The other part diffuses diagonally upward in the opposite direction due to the wall barrier. The upper structure of the barrier provides secondary barrier to slow down the diffusion rate of pollutants.

[0079] Step 2: The exhaust gas that diffuses upwards is all collected in the porous structure area below the perforated ceiling 3. The first plant, which is densely arranged, adsorbs gaseous pollutants such as CO and aromatic hydrocarbons and fine particulate pollutants such as PM2.5 throughout the entire area, so as to achieve comprehensive capture of various pollutants in the exhaust gas.

[0080] Step 3: A small amount of pollutants that are not adsorbed by the roof plants diffuse between adjacent parking spaces and are adsorbed by the vertical auxiliary purification interface of the grid climbing trellis 23, ultimately achieving thorough purification of exhaust pollutants from a single row of parking pavilions.

[0081] To verify the effect of the exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of this invention on reducing the concentration of PM2.5 and CO in the driver's breathing zone, a CFD simulation method consistent with the technical disclosure was adopted. A control group and an experimental group were set up for comparative testing. All simulation parameters and model settings were consistent with the CFD simulation recorded in the technical disclosure to ensure the authenticity and validity of the test results.

[0082] Simulation model: The time-averaged momentum equation is handled by the shear stress SST turbulence model, the component transport model is used to simulate the distribution of pollutants in the exhaust gas, and the wall surface uses scalable wall functions to avoid the near-wall mesh affecting the computational efficiency.

[0083] Exhaust parameters: The exhaust outlet of the vehicle is 15cm above the ground, the exhaust flow rate is 0.5m / s, the initial concentration of PM2.5 in the exhaust is 85μg / m³, and the initial concentration of CO is 12mg / m³, which are typical concentration values ​​of vehicle exhaust in urban open parking lots.

[0084] Atmospheric conditions: Neutral and stable atmosphere; atmospheric velocity at the inlet of the computational domain varies with altitude according to a power law; zero-pressure outlet boundary condition; symmetric boundary condition for the top and sidewalls of the computational domain.

[0085] Driver breathing zone definition: Based on ergonomics, the space directly above the driver's seat in the parking space, at a height of 1.2m-1.8m above the ground, is defined as the driver breathing zone. This area is the core breathing area for drivers and passengers and is also the key area where exhaust pollutants have a health impact on the human body.

[0086] Control and experimental group setup: The control group was a traditional open-air parking pavilion without the plant configuration system (same structure and layout, only all plants and planting carriers were removed); the experimental group was a parking pavilion equipped with the plant configuration system of this invention, with the opposing distribution experimental group of Example 1 and the single-row distribution experimental group of Example 2 respectively.

[0087] Detection indicators: After the exhaust gas diffuses to a steady state, the PM2.5 and CO concentrations in the breathing zones of the drivers in the control group and the two experimental groups are detected and recorded. The concentration reduction rate is calculated. The formula for calculating the reduction rate is: Concentration reduction rate = (Concentration of control group - Concentration of experimental group) / Concentration of control group × 100%.

[0088] The quantitative test results of the exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of this invention on the reduction rate of PM2.5 and CO concentrations in the driver's breathing zone are shown in Table 1 below:

[0089] Table 1. Quantitative test results of the reduction rate of PM2.5 and CO concentration in the driver's breathing zone by the exhaust gas purification plant configuration system.

[0090] Test group PM2.5 concentration (μg / m³) in the driver's breathing zone PM2.5 concentration reduction rate CO concentration in the driver's breathing zone (mg / m³) CO concentration reduction rate Control group (traditional open-air) 82.3 - 11.6 - Experimental group 1 (opposite distribution) 23.0 72.0% 4.0 65.5% Experimental group 2 (single-row distribution) 28.8 65.0% 5.5 52.6%

[0091] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of this invention has a significant concentration reduction effect on PM2.5 and CO in the driver's breathing zone. With a counter-distribution arrangement, the PM2.5 reduction rate reaches 72.0% and the CO reduction rate reaches 65.5%, while with a single-row distribution, the PM2.5 reduction rate reaches 65.0% and the CO reduction rate reaches 52.6%, verifying the effectiveness of the system's exhaust gas purification. The reduction effect of the counter-distribution arrangement is better than that of the single-row distribution because the exhaust gas in the counter-distribution parking pavilion has sufficient space for velocity attenuation, and the plant configuration can perform stratified targeted adsorption according to the diffusion patterns of particulate and gaseous pollutants. In contrast, the single-row distribution parking pavilion, due to wall obstruction, causes exhaust gas to diffuse in the opposite direction, resulting in a more complex pollutant diffusion path. Although effective adsorption is achieved by increasing the density of the roof plants, the reduction rate is slightly lower than that of the counter-distribution arrangement. The effect is achieved through the dual action of physical barrier and plant adsorption: the louvered structure of the vertical enclosure traps and settles particulate pollutants, while the porous structure of the perforated roof allows gaseous pollutants to accumulate. Combined with the adsorption characteristics of the first and second targeted plants, a complete purification system of barrier-sedimentation-adsorption-secondary purification is formed, which is highly consistent with the synergistic purification path of adsorbing gaseous pollutants from the roof to adsorbing particulate pollutants from the vertical surface as described in claim 10. Simulation test results show that the pollutant concentration in the driver's breathing zone is significantly reduced, with PM2.5 concentration dropping to below 30 μg / m³ and CO concentration dropping to below 6 mg / m³, far below the urban air pollutant limits. This effectively reduces the health hazards of vehicle exhaust to drivers and passengers, achieving the technical effect of maintaining the physical and mental health of users as described in the technical disclosure.

[0092] The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system of the present invention can adjust the density and combination of the first plant according to the actual layout of the parking pavilion (opposite / single row), but its core technical features, such as the targeted plant configuration based on CFD simulation of exhaust gas diffusion law, the synergistic purification path of the canopy-vertical surface, and the physical barrier of the louvered enclosure, remain unchanged. The selection of the first plant is not limited to any one or more combinations of the following in this embodiment: Virginia creeper, five-leaf ivy, hedera, trumpet vine, rose, carnation, daylily, iris, and striped haworthia. They can be replaced according to the actual regional climate and growing environment, and all can achieve the adsorption effect of gaseous pollutants. The vertical enclosure can be set as a movable structure according to the usage requirements. Compared with the detachable structure of this embodiment, the overall position can be adjusted to adapt to the exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of different parking spaces, and its plant adsorption effect is consistent with that of the detachable structure.

[0093] like Figure 14 and Figure 15As shown, this solution upgrades and enhances the parking pavilion from a single structure into an integrated plant space system that is maintainable, replaceable, and manageable on a daily basis. It takes into account exhaust gas purification efficiency, vertical greening effect, and ease of operation and maintenance. It is compatible with the parking pavilion basic structure described in the patent (Y-shaped support components, grid-like perforated roof, etc.), and the specific optimized configuration is as follows:

[0094] The device adopts a layered modular layout, which fits the core logic of the patented layered planting, and achieves a dual improvement in efficient space utilization and convenient operation and maintenance: the upper layer is a suspended functional plant device, with hanging points precisely set on both sides of the Y-shaped column and the edge of the canopy, which is compatible with the structural design of the grid-like hollowed-out canopy in the patent, and does not affect the collection of rainwater and the circulation of exhaust gas in the canopy; the lower layer is a ground-mounted functional plant device, installed at the base of the Y-shaped column, with the ground height controlled at 0.75-0.90m, which is close to the human operating height. As the main planting and daily maintenance operation area, basic operation and maintenance can be completed without high-altitude operations, which greatly improves the convenience of maintenance.

[0095] The plant configuration primarily features adaptable climbing plants such as pothos, continuing the core advantages of vines in climbing, covering, and targeted adsorption. The growth path is optimized using a guided growth mechanism: after sprouting from the lower-level ground-mounted functional plant device or designated planting point, the climbing plants climb upwards along the steel wire mesh on the column side or a dedicated guide structure until they reach the roof grid, forming a dense green covering layer on the roof grid. Simultaneously, by guiding the steel wire mesh downwards along the edge of the roof, the vines naturally cascade down from above, further filling the coverage gaps and forming a three-dimensional covering pattern of climbing-covering-cascading, increasing the density of the roof cover and enhancing the adsorption effect on gaseous pollutants in vehicle exhaust. This highly aligns with the exhaust adsorption function of the roof green layer in the patent.

[0096] Ground-mounted functional plant devices (defined as ground-mounted, maintainable planting tubes / bases with replaceable substrates, adapted to the design concept of detachable planting carriers in the patent, facilitating substrate replacement and plant maintenance); suspended functional plant devices (defined as small flower pot components hanging on the side of Y-shaped columns or the edge of the ceiling, referencing the design of small resin planting pots on the ceiling in the patent, compact in size and flexible in placement); climbing guidance systems (defined as steel wire mesh / ceiling mesh and drooping guide components on the column side, serving as a growth guidance structure for climbing plants, adapted to the climbing function of the grid climbing frame in the patent).

[0097] The horizontally braced, partitioned planting trough component improves the system's planting structure and function, and is compatible with the patented layered collaborative purification technology logic: the component has a certain thickness of planting soil inside and is composed of two horizontal braces and two partitions (referring to the detachable modular design concept for easy installation and maintenance). The overall structure of the component is lightweight, and the upper part can flexibly place flower pots and herbs, while providing a stable growth starting point and guiding support for climbing plants. During plant growth, the weight is mainly transferred to the climbing guidance system through the climbing attachment, and the load is distributed by the roof grid and the steel wire mesh on the column side, without relying on the partitions to bear the main weight. Therefore, the horizontal braces can adopt a lightweight design, taking into account both structural stability and ease of operation and maintenance.

[0098] Compared to existing technologies where flowerpots are placed on the roof, soil replacement and maintenance require high-altitude operations and are cumbersome, this sub-project highlights significant improvements in performance and maintenance methods. Its core advantages are as follows: All flowerpots, planting modules, and horizontally supported partitioned planting trough components are designed to be detachable and replaceable, perfectly aligning with the maintainable and replaceable design concept of the patent. All maintenance operations, such as soil replacement, fertilization, and plant replacement, can be completed on the ground, eliminating the need for high-altitude operations and significantly improving maintenance safety and operational efficiency. Simultaneously, through a climbing-covering-falling guided growth mechanism, the climbing plants form a more stable and denser roof covering layer. Compared to the covering effect of rooftop flowerpot planting in existing technologies, this further enhances exhaust gas adsorption efficiency, achieving a dual improvement in maintenance convenience and exhaust gas purification performance, while also considering ecological function and operational practicality.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A system for purifying exhaust gases using plants in parking pavilions, characterized in that, include: The perforated ceiling (3) is a grid structure and is installed above the parking space; Vertical fencing (4), which is a grid structure, is set at the rear of the parking space; The hollowed-out ceiling (3) is equipped with a planting pot for planting the first plant; The vertical enclosure (4) is equipped with a planting box for planting a second plant; The configuration of the first plant is based on the following: According to the diffusion law of gaseous pollutants in automobile exhaust obtained by CFD simulation, the gaseous pollutants mainly accumulate in the area near the hollowed-out ceiling (3). Therefore, the first plant is selected as the main plant for adsorbing gaseous pollutants. The second plant was selected based on the following: According to the diffusion law of particulate pollutants in automobile exhaust obtained by CFD simulation, the particulate pollutants are easily deposited in the vicinity of the vertical enclosure (4) due to the obstruction. Therefore, the second plant was selected as the main plant for adsorbing particulate pollutants. The first plant and the second plant work together to form a three-dimensional exhaust gas purification system above and behind the parking space.

2. The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion patterns obtained from the CFD simulation include: gaseous pollutants are easily accumulated in the porous structure area below the perforated roof (3) due to airflow separation; particulate pollutants are intercepted and settled behind the car by the physical barrier (4).

3. The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first plant includes one or more combinations of Virginia creeper, Virginia creeper, ivy, trumpet vine, rose, carnation, daylily, iris, or Haworthia.

4. The exhaust gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second plant is a lichen and / or moss.

5. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical enclosure (4) is a louvered structure, which includes multiple partitions for supporting the substrate on which the second plant is planted.

6. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical enclosure (4) has a partition width of 5cm and a thickness of 1cm.

7. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The planting pots set on the hollowed-out ceiling (3) are small resin planting pots with a diameter of no more than 20cm.

8. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a support assembly (2) set between adjacent parking spaces. A grid climbing frame (23) is provided between the two bifurcated support parts at the top of the support assembly (2) for the first plant to hang down and climb to form an auxiliary purification interface.

9. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vertical enclosure (4) is a detachable or movable structure to facilitate the replacement of the carrier module planted with the second plant.

10. A tail gas purification plant configuration system for a parking pavilion according to claim 9, characterized in that, The combination of the first and second plants creates a synergistic purification pathway from the adsorption of gaseous pollutants on the ceiling to the adsorption of particulate pollutants on the vertical surface.

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