Anti-sinking underground forepoling equipment suitable for soft stratum and construction method of anti-sinking underground forepoling equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, in particular to anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment suitable for the soft stratum.The anti-sinking underground advance supporting equipment comprises a supporting column, a driving threaded rod capable of rotating is arranged on the inner wall of the supporting column, when the driving threaded rod rotates, the expansion base can be turned upwards, the inner base moves towards the inner side, and at the moment, the supporting assembly is in a folded state; an inner column capable of moving up and down is arranged at the upper end of the supporting column, a supporting layer is arranged at the upper end of the inner column and comprises a supporting plate, supporting expansion plates are arranged at the two ends of the inner wall of the supporting plate, when the driving threaded rod rotates, the supporting plate can be turned over downwards, the supporting expansion plates move towards the inner side, and at the moment, the supporting layer is in a folded state; during supporting, the contact area with the ground can be increased, the pressure of an equipment base on a soft stratum is reduced, and the base is prevented from sinking.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of roadway support, in particular to a suitable soft stratum anti-subsidence underground advanced support equipment and its construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mineral resources exploitation, underground engineering construction, etc., underground roadway tunneling operation needs to rely on advanced support equipment to maintain the stability of the roadway face and the surrounding rock, providing a safe operation space for subsequent tunneling construction, which is the core support equipment for roadway construction. Soft strata such as mudstone and sandstone have low mechanical strength, limited bearing capacity, and are easily softened by water. The base of the existing advanced support equipment is mostly of traditional rigid structure, with a small contact area with the stratum, resulting in a pressure on the stratum far exceeding the ultimate bearing capacity of the soft stratum during the equipment's static or working process, which easily causes the base to sink. The subsidence of the base not only causes the support position of the advanced support equipment to deviate, making it unable to accurately fit the pre-set support area of the surrounding rock and affecting the support effect, but also causes uneven stress on the equipment as a whole and local stress concentration on the base, which further leads to deformation of the support structure, imbalance of the hydraulic system load, and other faults. In severe cases, it may even cause the equipment to tilt and fall, directly threatening the safety of underground construction personnel, interrupting the tunneling operation process, and increasing the construction cost and the risk of delay in construction period. Therefore, a suitable soft stratum anti-subsidence underground advanced support equipment is provided to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a suitable soft stratum anti-subsidence underground advanced support equipment, which can increase the contact area with the ground during support, reduce the pressure of the equipment base on the soft stratum, and avoid the subsidence of the base, effectively solving the problems mentioned in the background.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: A suitable soft stratum anti-subsidence underground advanced support equipment, comprising a support column, the bottom of the support column is provided with a support assembly, the support assembly comprises a circular base, both sides of the circular base are provided with an expansion seat, both ends of the inner wall of the expansion seat are provided with an inner seat, the inner wall of the support column is provided with a driving screw rod which can rotate, when the driving screw rod rotates, the expansion seat can be turned upward and the inner seat can move inward, at this time the support assembly is in a collapsed state; the upper end of the support column is provided with an inner column which can move up and down, the upper end of the inner column is provided with a support layer, the support layer comprises a support plate, both ends of the inner wall of the support plate are provided with a support expansion plate, when the driving screw rod rotates, the support plate can be turned downward and the support expansion plate can move inward, at this time the support layer is in a collapsed state.

[0005] A second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the active threaded rod. A first bevel gear meshes with the upper end of the second bevel gear. A rocker arm is coaxially fixed to one side of the first bevel gear. A drive frame that is slidably connected to the support column is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the active threaded rod. A first connecting rod is hinged to both the front and rear end faces of the drive frame. The extension seats are all hinged to the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the circular base. The lower ends of the first connecting rods are all hinged to the corresponding extension seats.

[0006] The upper end of each extension base is rotatably connected to a fourth bevel gear, and the inner wall of the lower end of each first connecting rod is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear that meshes with the fourth bevel gear. The lower end of each fourth bevel gear is coaxially fixedly connected to a disc cam. The inner walls of the left and right ends of the extension base are slidably connected to expansion support frames, and the inner seats are installed on the inner walls of the corresponding expansion support frames. When the extension base is flipped upward, the expansion support frames and inner seats can move inward.

[0007] The upper surface of the expansion frame is fixed with a first sliding pin in the middle, and the inner walls of the left and right ends of the disc cam are provided with arc grooves and diameter-changing grooves that cooperate with the first sliding pins.

[0008] The lower end of the disc cam is coaxially fixed with a short cam. A circular sleeve seat that is slidably connected to the extension seat is fitted on the outer surface of the short cam. Outer sliding plates are fixed on both sides of the outer surface of the circular sleeve seat. Inner sliding plates are slidably connected to the inner walls of the outer sliding plates. The inner seats are fixed to the inner walls of the corresponding inner sliding plates. When the short cam rotates, the circular sleeve seat and the inner seats can move upward.

[0009] The inner walls on both sides of the circular sleeve are fixed with second sliding pins, and the outer surfaces of the short cam are provided with arc-shaped inclined grooves and arc-shaped flat grooves that cooperate with the second sliding pins.

[0010] The inner wall of the support column is provided with a support that can move up and down. The inner column is fixed to the upper end of the support. The inner walls on both sides of the support are provided with movable locking pins. The inner walls on both sides of the inner column are provided with multiple slots that cooperate with the locking pins.

[0011] The inner walls at both ends of the support are slidably connected to inner support plates, and the locking pins are fixed to the corresponding inner support plates. The inner wall of one side of the support is also provided with a rotatable drive disc. Two centrally symmetrical short connecting rods are hinged at the non-center end face of one side of the drive disc. The outer ends of the short connecting rods are all hinged to the corresponding inner support plates. The inner wall of the support is also provided with two first springs that cooperate with the inner support plates.

[0012] The inner wall of the inner column is rotatably connected to a driven threaded rod, the upper end of the driving threaded rod is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft, the driven threaded rod is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting shaft, the inner wall of the inner column is slidably connected to a threaded slider that is threadedly connected to the driving threaded rod, the lower end of the support plate is hinged to a long connecting rod, the lower end of the long connecting rod is hinged to the threaded slider, the upper end of the inner column is provided with an extension seat, the inner wall of the extension seat is fixedly connected to a pin, the middle part of the lower end of the support plate is fixedly connected to a connecting seat, and the connecting seat is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the pin.

[0013] Long cams are fixed to both ends of the outer surface of the pin. The inner wall of each long cam is provided with an outer cylinder. The support expansion plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the front and rear ends of the support plate. A fixed seat is fixed to the lower end surface of each support expansion plate. The outer cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed seat. A long pin is fixed to the outer surface of each outer cylinder. A long inclined groove that matches the long pin is opened on the outer surface of each long cam.

[0014] A construction method for downhole pre-support in soft formations includes the following steps: S1. Equipment transfer and deployment: Rotate the active threaded rod on the inner wall of the support column to control the support assembly to be in the retracted state, so that the expansion seat flips upward and the inner seat moves inward. At the same time, control the support layer to be in the retracted state, so that the support plate flips downward and the support expansion plate moves inward. Transport the support equipment to the preset support position in the underground roadway. S2. Support component unfolding and fixing: Rotate the active threaded rod in the opposite direction to drive the extension seat to flip downwards to be coplanar with the circular base, and at the same time drive the inner seat to move outwards to the limit position, so that the circular base, extension seat and inner seat together fit into the soft ground, increasing the contact area to reduce pressure. S3. Support height adjustment: Adjust the inner column at the top of the support column to move up and down along the inner wall of the support column so that the support layer adapts to the actual height of the underground roadway. S4. Support layer deployment: Continue to maintain the rotation direction of the active threaded rod, drive the support plate to flip upwards until it fits against the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway, and at the same time drive the support expansion plate to move outwards to expand the support coverage area.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: During use, when the support assembly is extended (i.e., the extended seat is coplanar with the circular base and the inner seat is at its outermost position), both the extended and inner seats can contact the ground, increasing contact area and preventing the base from sinking. A rotatable active threaded rod controls the extension and retraction of the support assembly. When retracted, it does not occupy space, facilitating transport and movement; when extended, it provides normal support for the support column. The support layers—support plates and support expansion plates—provide support and protection for the tunnel roof when extended, and reduce space occupancy when the active threaded rod controls the retraction of the support layer, facilitating movement in narrow tunnels. By increasing the contact area between the base and the ground, the pressure exerted by the equipment base on soft soil is effectively reduced, keeping the pressure within the soil's ultimate bearing capacity range, preventing base sinking from the outset and ensuring equipment stability throughout construction. The static and operational states eliminate the potential for cascading failures caused by subsidence; the absence of subsidence in the base ensures that the support position of the advanced support equipment is always precisely aligned with the preset surrounding rock support area, avoiding problems such as localized exposure of the surrounding rock and blind spots caused by support position deviation, improving the fit between the support structure and the surrounding rock, fully leveraging the constraint and stabilization effect of the support equipment on the surrounding rock, and enhancing the safety of tunnel construction; the increased contact area allows the overall weight and working load of the equipment to be evenly transferred to the stratum, avoiding localized stress concentration in the base, reducing the probability of deformation and damage to the support structure, extending the service life of the equipment, and reducing equipment maintenance and replacement costs; the absence of tilting or tipping risks ensures the safety of underground construction personnel, avoids interruptions in tunneling operations due to equipment failure, effectively shortens the construction cycle, reduces the safety risks and economic costs of tunnel construction in soft strata, and provides reliable support for efficient and safe underground tunneling construction. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is an isometric drawing of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a support column for a downhole advance support device applicable to soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a drive frame for a downhole pre-support device suitable for soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is an extended sectional view of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a disc cam in a downhole advance support device for soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner seat installation of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a short cam in a downhole advance support device for soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a circular sleeve base of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner column of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of a support for a downhole advance support device suitable for soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the drive disc of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner column of a downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a long cam in a downhole advance support device for soft formations to prevent subsidence, according to the present invention.

[0029] The following are the numbered components in the diagram: 1-Support column, 2-Circular base, 3-Crank handle, 4-First bevel gear, 5-Second bevel gear, 6-Driving threaded rod, 7-Drive frame, 8-First connecting rod, 9-Extension seat, 10-Third bevel gear, 11-Fourth bevel gear, 12-Disc cam, 13-Variable diameter groove, 14-Arc groove, 15-First sliding pin, 16-Expansion bracket, 17-Inner seat, 18-Outer sliding plate, 19-Inner sliding plate, 20-Short cam, 21-Arc-shaped inclined groove, 22-Arc-shaped flat groove, 23-Second sliding pin, 24-Circular sleeve seat. 25-Limit rod, 26-Connecting shaft, 27-Inner column, 28-Handle, 29-Support, 30-Drive disc, 31-Short connecting rod, 32-Inner support plate, 33-Snap pin, 34-First spring, 35-Snap groove, 36-Driven threaded rod, 37-Threaded slider, 38-Long connecting rod, 39-Support plate, 40-Connecting seat, 41-Extension seat, 42-Pin, 43-Extension rod, 44-Outer cylinder, 45-Fixed seat, 46-Long pin, 47-Long cam, 48-Long inclined groove, 49-Support expansion plate, 50-Plug pin. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1-13 As shown, this invention provides a downhole pre-support device suitable for soft formations to resist subsidence, including a support column 1. The support column 1 has a support assembly at its bottom, which includes a circular base 2. Both sides of the circular base 2 are provided with extension seats 9. Both ends of the inner wall of the extension seats 9 are provided with inner seats 17. The inner wall of the support column 1 is provided with a rotatable active threaded rod 6. When the active threaded rod 6 rotates, it can cause the extension seats 9 to flip upward and the inner seats 17 to move inward. At this time, the support assembly is in a retracted state. The upper end of the support column 1 is provided with an inner column 27 that can move up and down. The upper end of the inner column 27 is provided with a support layer, which includes a support plate 39. Both ends of the inner wall of the support plate 39 are provided with support expansion plates 49. When the active threaded rod 6 rotates, it can cause the support plate 39 to flip downward and the support expansion plates 49 to move inward. At this time, the support layer is in a retracted state.

[0032] like Figures 1-12 As shown, support column 1 and support layer are used to support the roadway. There are two support columns 1 and support layers in each group, as shown. Figure 2As shown, one support layer is provided with a pin 50, and the other support layer is provided with a pin hole. Through the cooperation of the pin 50 and the pin hole, a support device can be assembled to support the roadway. The support assembly is used to fix the support column 1. By placing the circular base 2 on the ground, when the support assembly is extended, i.e., when the extended seat 9 is in a coplanar position with the circular base 2 and the inner seat 17 is in the outermost position, the extended seat 9 and the inner seat 17 can contact the ground, thereby increasing the contact with the ground and preventing the base from sinking. A rotatable active... The threaded rod 6 controls the retraction and extension of the support assembly. When retracted, it does not occupy space, facilitating transport and movement. When extended, it provides normal support for the support column 1. The inner column 27 can move up and down within the inner wall of the support column 1, allowing adjustment of the entire support system's height according to the roadway's height. The support layers, namely the support plate 39 and the support expansion plate 49, provide support and protection for the roadway roof when extended. When the active threaded rod 6 controls the retraction of the support layer, it reduces space occupancy, thus facilitating operation in narrow roadways. Internal movement; by increasing the contact area between the base and the ground, the pressure of the equipment base on the soft strata can be effectively reduced, keeping the pressure stably controlled within the ultimate bearing capacity of the strata. This prevents base sinking from the source, ensuring the stable static and working state of the equipment throughout the construction process and eliminating the potential for chain failures caused by sinking. The absence of base sinking ensures that the support position of the advanced support equipment is always precisely aligned with the preset surrounding rock support area, avoiding problems such as localized exposure of the surrounding rock and blind spots caused by support position deviation. This improves the fit between the support structure and the surrounding rock, fully utilizing the support equipment's support for the surrounding rock. The equipment's constraint and stabilizing effect enhances the safety of tunnel construction; the increased contact area allows the overall weight and working load of the equipment to be evenly distributed to the stratum, avoiding local stress concentration in the base, reducing the probability of deformation and damage to the support structure, extending the service life of the equipment, and lowering the maintenance and replacement costs; the equipment is free from tilting and tipping risks, ensuring the safety of underground construction personnel, avoiding interruptions in tunneling operations due to equipment failure, effectively shortening the construction cycle, reducing the safety risks and economic costs of tunnel construction in soft strata, and providing reliable support for efficient and safe underground tunneling construction.

[0033] The upper end of the outer surface of the active threaded rod 6 is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear 5, and the upper end of the second bevel gear 5 is meshed with a first bevel gear 4. A rocker arm 3 is coaxially fixedly connected to one side of the first bevel gear 4. The outer surface of the active threaded rod 6 is threadedly connected to a drive frame 7 that is slidably connected to the support column 1. The front and rear end faces of the drive frame 7 are both hinged to first connecting rods 8. The extension seats 9 are all hinged to the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the circular base 2. The lower ends of the first connecting rods 8 are all hinged to the corresponding extension seats 9.

[0034] like Figures 1-5As shown, a bearing bracket is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the active threaded rod 6. The bearing bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the support column 1, which is equivalent to the active threaded rod 6 being rotatably connected to the inner wall of the support column 1. A rotating shaft is fixed to the inner wall of the first bevel gear 4 and the rocker arm 3. The rotating shaft passes through the support column 1 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the support column 1, limiting the rocker arm 3 and the first bevel gear 4 to rotate only. When the rocker arm 3 is driven to rotate, it can drive the first bevel gear 4, the second bevel gear 5 and the active threaded rod 6 to rotate synchronously. The drive frame 7 can slide up and down on the inner wall of the support column 1. When the active threaded rod 6 rotates, it can drive the first bevel gear 4, the second bevel gear 5 and the active threaded rod 6 to rotate synchronously. With the threaded connection to the drive frame 7, the drive frame 7 can move upward or downward. That is, when the drive screw rod 6 does not rotate, the position of the drive frame 7 is fixed. When the drive frame 7 moves upward, it can drive the upper end of the first connecting rod 8 to move upward, and the lower end of the first connecting rod 8 will drive the extension seat 9 to flip upward. Similarly, when the drive frame 7 moves downward, it can drive the extension seat 9 to flip downward. With the threaded connection between the drive screw rod 6 and the drive seat, it has a self-locking function. That is, when the drive screw rod 6 does not rotate, the drive frame 7, the first connecting rod 8, the extension seat 9, etc. are in a fixed state.

[0035] The upper end of each extension seat 9 is rotatably connected to a fourth bevel gear 11. The lower inner wall of each first connecting rod 8 is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear 10 that meshes with the fourth bevel gear 11. The lower end of each fourth bevel gear 11 is coaxially fixedly connected to a disc cam 12. The inner walls of both the left and right ends of the extension seat 9 are slidably connected to expansion brackets 16. The inner seats 17 are installed on the inner walls of the corresponding expansion brackets 16. When the extension seat 9 is flipped upward, the expansion brackets 16 and the inner seats 17 can move inward. The upper surface of each expansion bracket 16 is fixedly connected to a first sliding pin 15. The inner walls of both the left and right ends of the disc cam 12 are provided with arc grooves 14 and variable diameter grooves 13 that cooperate with the first sliding pins 15.

[0036] like Figures 5-6 As shown, a rotating shaft is fixed to the inner wall of the fourth bevel gear 11 and the disc cam 12. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the extension seat 9, limiting the fourth bevel gear 11, the disc cam 12, etc., to only rotate. When the first connecting rod 8 moves upward or downward, it can drive the extension seat 9 to flip upward or downward. Under the meshing of the third bevel gear 10 and the fourth bevel gear 11, it can also drive the disc cam 12 to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. The expansion support frame 16 is used to install and support the inner seat 17. The expansion support frame 16 can slide inward or outward on the inner wall of the extension seat 9. When the disc cam 12 rotates, it can drive the expansion support frame 16, the inner seat 17, etc., to move inward or outward synchronously. Figure 6As shown, when the first sliding pin 15 is engaged with the arc groove 14, the first sliding pin 15, the expansion bracket 16, etc., can remain stationary in a designated position when the disc cam 12 rotates. That is, the first sliding pin 15 and the expansion bracket 16 are stationary at the outermost end. When the first sliding pin 15 is engaged with the variable diameter groove 13, the first sliding pin 15, the expansion bracket 16, etc., can move inward or outward when the disc cam 12 rotates. Therefore, when the disc cam 12 rotates in the opposite direction, the first sliding pin 15 is engaged with the arc groove 14, and the first sliding pin 15, the expansion bracket 16, the inner seat 17, etc., can remain stationary at the outermost end. When the disc cam 12 rotates to the point where the first sliding pin 15 enters the inner wall of the variable diameter groove 13, the first sliding pin 15, the expansion bracket 16, the inner seat 17, etc., can move inward and close together.

[0037] The lower end of the disc cam 12 is coaxially fixed with a short cam 20. A circular sleeve 24 that is slidably connected to the extension seat 9 is fitted on the outer surface of the short cam 20. Outer slide plates 18 are fixed on both sides of the outer surface of the circular sleeve 24. Inner slide plates 19 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the outer slide plates 18. Inner seats 17 are fixed to the inner walls of the corresponding inner slide plates 19. When the short cam 20 rotates, the circular sleeve 24 and the inner seats 17 can move upward.

[0038] like Figures 7-8 As shown, two limiting rods 25 are fixed to the inner wall of the bottom end of the expansion seat 9. The circular sleeve seat 24 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the limiting rods 25, that is, the circular sleeve seat 24 can only move up and down, and the short cam 20 can rotate on the inner wall of the circular sleeve seat 24. The inner seat 17 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the expansion frame 16, and the inner slide plate 19 can slide left and right on the inner wall of the outer slide plate 18. That is, when the circular sleeve seat 24 moves up and down, it can drive the outer slide plate 18, the inner slide plate 19, the inner seat 17, etc. to move up and down synchronously. The inner seat 17 can also follow the expansion frame 16 to move inward or outward, and the two movements do not affect each other. The short cam 20 can rotate synchronously with the disc cam 12. When the short cam 20 rotates, it can drive the circular sleeve seat 24, the inner seat 17, etc. to move upward or downward synchronously.

[0039] The inner walls on both sides of the circular sleeve 24 are fixed with second sliding pins 23, and the outer surfaces of the short cam 20 are provided with arc-shaped inclined grooves 21 and arc-shaped flat grooves 22 that cooperate with the second sliding pins 23.

[0040] like Figure 8As shown, under the engagement of the second sliding pin 23 and the arc-shaped inclined groove 21, when the short cam 20 rotates, it can cause the second sliding pin 23, the circular sleeve 24, etc., to move upward or downward. Under the engagement of the second sliding pin 23 and the arc-shaped flat groove 22, when the short cam 20 rotates, it can drive the second sliding pin 23, the circular sleeve 24, etc., to be stationary at the highest point. That is, when the short cam 20 rotates in the opposite direction, it can drive the second sliding pin 23, the circular sleeve 24, the inner seat 17, etc., to move upward first, and then stop intermittently after reaching the top. Through the mutual cooperation of the disc cam 12 and the first sliding pin 15, and the short cam 20 and the second sliding pin 23, when the extension seat 9 flips upward and causes the disc cam 12 and the short cam 20 to rotate in the opposite direction synchronously, the first sliding pin 15 engages with the arc-shaped groove 14, which will cause... When the expansion bracket 16 and inner seat 17 are in a stationary state at their outermost ends, the second sliding pin 23 engages with the arc-shaped inclined groove 21, enabling the second sliding pin 23 and inner seat 17 to move upward first. After moving upward to the top, the second sliding pin 23 can enter the inner wall of the arc-shaped flat groove 22, and the first sliding pin 15 can enter the inner wall of the variable diameter groove 13, which will cause the expansion bracket 16 and inner seat 17 to move inward and close simultaneously, thereby closing the support assembly. Similarly, when the extension seat 9 flips downward to make the disc cam 12 and short cam 20 rotate in the forward direction, it can drive the inner seat 17 to move outward first. After moving outward to the top, the inner seat 17 will move downward again. After the inner seat 17 moves downward to the top, it can keep collinear with the bottom surface of the extension seat 9, thereby synchronously contacting the ground for support.

[0041] The inner wall of the support column 1 is provided with a support 29 that can move up and down. The inner column 27 is fixed to the upper end of the support 29. The inner walls on both sides of the support 29 are provided with movable locking pins 33. The inner walls on both sides of the inner column 27 are provided with multiple slots 35 that cooperate with the locking pins 33.

[0042] like Figures 9-11 As shown, the bracket 29 and inner column 27 can only move up and down on the inner wall of the support column 1. When the bracket 29 moves up and down, the height of the inner column 27 and the support layer can be adjusted. The locking pin 33 can move inward or outward on the inner wall of the bracket 29. Through the engagement of the locking pin 33 and the locking groove 35, the movement of the bracket 29 and inner column 27 can be restricted, that is, the height of the support layer is fixed. When the two locking pins 33 move inward and disengage from the locking groove 35, the bracket 29 and inner column 27 can move up and down, that is, the height of the support layer can be adjusted.

[0043] The inner walls of both the front and rear ends of the support 29 are slidably connected to inner support plates 32, and the locking pins 33 are fixed to the corresponding inner support plates 32. The inner wall of one side of the support 29 is also provided with a rotatable drive disk 30. Two centrally symmetrical short connecting rods 31 are hinged at the non-center end face of one side of the drive disk 30. The outer ends of the short connecting rods 31 are all hinged to the corresponding inner support plates 32. The inner wall of the support 29 is also provided with two first springs 34 that cooperate with the inner support plates 32.

[0044] like Figures 10-11 As shown, the inner support plate 32 can slide back and forth on the inner wall of the support 29. The locking pin 33 passes through the front and rear end surfaces of the support 29 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support 29. When the inner support plate 32 moves inward or outward, it can drive the support 29 to move inward or outward. A handle 28 is coaxially fixed to one side of the drive disc 30. The drive disc 30 can be rotated by driving the handle 28. The first spring 34 always exerts an outward elastic force on the two inner support plates 32. Even when the inner support plate 32 and the locking pin 33 are at the outermost end under normal conditions, the locking pin 33... It can stably engage with the slot 35; when the drive disc 30 rotates, it can drive the inner support plate 32 and the locking pin 33 to move inward or outward through the hinge with the short connecting rod 31; that is, when it is necessary to adjust the height of the support 29, the inner column 27, and the support layer, the drive disc 30 can be rotated by rotating the drive handle 28, that is, the corresponding inner support plate 32, locking pin 33, etc. can move inward, so that the locking pin 33 disengages from the slot 35. When the locking pin 33 disengages from the slot 35, the height of the support 29, the support layer, etc. can be adjusted.

[0045] The inner wall of the inner column 27 is rotatably connected to a driven threaded rod 36. The upper end of the driving threaded rod 6 is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft 26. The driven threaded rod 36 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting shaft 26. The inner wall of the inner column 27 is slidably connected to a threaded slider 37 that is threadedly connected to the driving threaded rod 6. The lower end surface of the support plate 39 is hinged to a long connecting rod 38. The lower end of the long connecting rod 38 is hinged to the threaded slider 37. The upper end of the inner column 27 is provided with an extension seat 41. The inner wall of the extension seat 41 is fixedly connected to a pin 42. The middle part of the lower end surface of the support plate 39 is fixedly connected to a connecting seat 40. The connecting seat 40 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the pin 42.

[0046] like Figure 9 , Figures 12-13As shown, the threaded slider 37 can slide up and down on the inner wall of the inner column 27. The connecting shaft 26 and the driven threaded rod 36 are splined, meaning the driven threaded rod 36 can move up and down on the upper surface of the outer surface of the connecting shaft 26. When the connecting shaft 26 rotates, it can drive the driven threaded rod 36 to rotate. When the driven threaded rod 36 rotates, it can drive the threaded slider 37 to move up or down. The threaded connection between the driven threaded rod 36 and the threaded slider 37 has a self-locking function. That is, when the driven threaded rod 36 does not rotate, the corresponding positions of the threaded slider 37 and the support plate 39 are fixed. The extension seat 41 is fixed to one end face of the inner column 27. Through the connection of the extension seat 41, pin 42, connecting seat 40, etc., the support plate 39 is equivalent to being hinged to the upper end of the inner column 27. When the driven threaded rod 36 rotates to control the threaded slider 37 to move down, it can cause the support plate 39 to flip down. Similarly, when the threaded slider 37 moves up, it can cause the support plate 39 to flip up.

[0047] Long cams 47 are fixedly connected to both ends of the outer surface of the pin 42. The inner wall of the long cam 47 is provided with an outer cylinder 44. The support expansion plate 49 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the front and rear ends of the support plate 39. The lower end surface of the support expansion plate 49 is fixedly connected with a fixed seat 45. The outer cylinder 44 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat 45. Long pins 46 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the outer cylinder 44. Long inclined grooves 48 that cooperate with long pins 46 are opened on the outer surface of the long cam 47.

[0048] like Figures 12-13As shown, the long cam 47 is fixed to both ends of the outer surface of the pin 42, limiting the rotation of the long cam 47. The outer cylinder 44 can move back and forth and rotate within the inner wall of the long cam 47. Extension rods 43 are fixed to both ends of the pin 42, and the outer cylinder 44 is sleeved on the corresponding extension rods 43. The extension rods 43 can restrict the stable back and forth movement of the outer cylinder 44. When the support expansion plate 49 can slide back and forth within the inner wall of the support plate 39, when the support plate 39 and the support expansion plate 49 can move back and forth, the outer cylinder 44 can rotate within the inner wall of the pin 42. When the support plate 39 flips downwards, it drives the fixed base 45 to flip downwards. The downward flipping of the fixed base 45 also drives the outer cylinder 44, long pin 46, etc., to rotate. When the long pin 46 rotates, through engagement with the long inclined groove 48, it drives the long pin 46, outer cylinder 44, fixed base 45, support expansion plate 49, etc., to move inwards, thereby closing the support layer. Similarly, when the support plate 39 flips upwards, the support expansion plate 49 can move outwards, causing the support layer to expand. The quick-opening function of the support assembly and the support layer allows for… After the tunneling face advances, the support deployment can be completed quickly, avoiding the construction wait caused by the excessive time required for support deployment in traditional equipment. The quick-release design can significantly shorten the equipment withdrawal time when the equipment position needs to be adjusted or the work area needs to be moved, effectively compressing the single cycle operation time and significantly improving the overall construction progress of underground roadway excavation. During the excavation of soft strata, if there is a sudden danger such as surrounding rock deformation or local collapse, the quick-release function of the support components and support layer can realize the immediate positioning of the support structure, quickly forming effective protection and reducing the risk of the danger escalating. At the same time, the quick-release capability in emergency situations can also allow the equipment to be quickly evacuated from the danger zone, providing double protection for the safety of construction personnel and equipment. Reduced operation complexity and labor intensity: The quick-release and quick-release function is usually accompanied by a simplified operation process, eliminating the need for complicated manual splicing or cumbersome mechanical adjustment, reducing the physical input and operation steps of operators, reducing equipment failure or safety hazards caused by operational errors, and improving the convenience and reliability of equipment use.

[0049] A construction method for downhole pre-support in soft formations includes the following steps: S1. Equipment transfer and deployment: Rotate the active threaded rod 6 on the inner wall of the support column 1 to control the support assembly to be in the retracted state, so that the expansion seat 9 flips upward and the inner seat 17 moves inward. At the same time, control the support layer to be in the retracted state, so that the support plate 39 flips downward and the support expansion plate 49 moves inward. Transport the support equipment to the preset support position in the underground roadway. S2, Support component unfolding and fixing: Rotate the active threaded rod 6 in the opposite direction to drive the extension seat 9 to flip downwards to be coplanar with the round base 2, and at the same time drive the inner seat 17 to move outwards to the extreme position, so that the round base 2, extension seat 9 and inner seat 17 are in contact with the soft ground, increasing the contact area to reduce pressure. S3. Support height adjustment: Adjust the inner column 27 at the upper end of the support column 1 to move up and down along the inner wall of the support column 1 so that the support layer adapts to the actual height of the underground roadway. S4. Support layer deployment: Continue to maintain the rotation direction of the active threaded rod 6, drive the support plate 39 to flip upwards to fit against the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway, and at the same time drive the support expansion plate 49 to move outwards to expand the support coverage area.

[0050] In use, when the support assembly is extended, i.e., when the extended seat 9 is coplanar with the circular base 2 and the inner seat 17 is at its outermost position, the extended seat 9 and the inner seat 17 can contact the ground, thereby increasing the contact area and preventing the base from sinking. By providing a rotatable active threaded rod 6, the extension or retraction of the support assembly can be controlled. When retracted, it does not occupy space, facilitating transport and movement; when extended, it provides normal support for the support column 1. The support layer, i.e., the support plate 39 and the support expansion plate 49, provides support and protection for the tunnel roof when extended, and reduces space occupancy when the active threaded rod 6 controls the retraction of the support layer, thus facilitating movement in narrow tunnels. By increasing the contact area between the base and the ground, the pressure of the equipment base on the soft soil can be effectively reduced, keeping the pressure stably controlled within the soil's ultimate bearing capacity range, preventing base sinking from the source and ensuring the safety of the equipment. The stable static and operational status throughout the construction process eliminates the potential for chain failures caused by subsidence. The absence of subsidence in the base ensures that the support position of the advanced support equipment is always precisely aligned with the pre-set surrounding rock support area, avoiding problems such as localized exposure of the surrounding rock and blind spots caused by support position deviation. This improves the fit between the support structure and the surrounding rock, fully leveraging the restraint and stabilizing effect of the support equipment on the surrounding rock, and enhancing the safety of tunnel construction. The increased contact area allows the overall weight and working load of the equipment to be evenly transferred to the stratum, avoiding localized stress concentration in the base, reducing the probability of deformation and damage to the support structure, extending the equipment's service life, and lowering maintenance and replacement costs. The absence of tilting or tipping risks ensures the safety of underground workers, prevents interruptions in tunneling operations due to equipment failure, effectively shortens the construction cycle, reduces the safety risks and economic costs of tunnel construction in soft strata, and provides reliable support for efficient and safe underground tunneling construction.

Claims

1. A downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations, comprising a support column (1), characterized in that: The support column (1) is provided with a support assembly at its bottom. The support assembly includes a round base (2). Both sides of the round base (2) are provided with extension seats (9). Both ends of the inner wall of the extension seats (9) are provided with inner seats (17). The inner wall of the support column (1) is provided with a rotating active threaded rod (6). When the active threaded rod (6) rotates, the extension seats (9) can be flipped upward and the inner seats (17) can be moved inward. At this time, the support assembly is in a retracted state. The upper end of the support column (1) is provided with an inner column (27) that can move up and down. The upper end of the inner column (27) is provided with a support layer. The support layer includes a support plate (39). Both ends of the inner wall of the support plate (39) are provided with support expansion plates (49). When the active threaded rod (6) rotates, the support plate (39) can be flipped downward and the support expansion plates (49) can be moved inward. At this time, the support layer is in a retracted state.

2. The downhole advance support equipment for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the outer surface of the active threaded rod (6) is fixed with a second bevel gear (5), the upper end of the second bevel gear (5) is meshed with a first bevel gear (4), a rocker arm (3) is fixedly connected to one side of the first bevel gear (4), a drive frame (7) is threadedly connected to the support column (1) on the outer surface of the active threaded rod (6), and a first connecting rod (8) is hinged to both the front and rear end faces of the drive frame (7). The extension seats (9) are all hinged to the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the round base (2), and the lower ends of the first connecting rods (8) are all hinged to the corresponding extension seats (9).

3. The downhole advance support equipment for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the expansion seat (9) is rotatably connected to a fourth bevel gear (11), and the inner wall of the lower end of the first connecting rod (8) is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear (10) that meshes with the fourth bevel gear (11). The lower end of the fourth bevel gear (11) is coaxially fixedly connected to a disc cam (12). The inner walls of the left and right ends of the expansion seat (9) are slidably connected to an expansion support frame (16), and the inner seat (17) is installed on the inner wall of the corresponding expansion support frame (16). When the expansion seat (9) is flipped upward, the expansion support frame (16) and the inner seat (17) can move inward. The middle part of the upper surface of the expansion support frame (16) is fixedly connected to a first sliding pin (15), and the inner walls of the left and right ends of the disc cam (12) are provided with an arc groove (14) and a variable diameter groove (13) that cooperate with the first sliding pin (15).

4. The downhole advance support equipment for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end of the disc cam (12) is coaxially fixed with a short cam (20). A circular sleeve (24) that is slidably connected to the extension seat (9) is fitted on the outer surface of the short cam (20). Both sides of the outer surface of the circular sleeve (24) are fixed with outer slide plates (18). The inner walls of the outer slide plates (18) are slidably connected with inner slide plates (19). The inner seats (17) are fixed to the inner walls of the corresponding inner slide plates (19). When the short cam (20) rotates, the circular sleeve (24) and the inner seats (17) can move upward.

5. The downhole advance support equipment for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls of both sides of the circular sleeve (24) are fixed with second sliding pins (23), and the outer surfaces of the short cam (20) are provided with arc-shaped inclined grooves (21) and arc-shaped flat grooves (22) that cooperate with the second sliding pins (23).

6. The downhole advance support equipment for soft formations to resist subsidence as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the support column (1) is provided with a support (29) that can move up and down. The inner column (27) is fixed to the upper end of the support (29). The inner walls on both sides of the support (29) are provided with movable latches (33). The inner walls on both sides of the inner column (27) are provided with multiple slots (35) that cooperate with the latches (33).

7. A downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The inner walls of both the front and rear ends of the support (29) are slidably connected to inner support plates (32), and the locking pins (33) are fixed to the corresponding inner support plates (32). The inner wall of one side of the support (29) is also provided with a rotatable drive disc (30). Two centrally symmetrical short connecting rods (31) are hinged at the non-center end face of one side of the drive disc (30). The outer ends of the short connecting rods (31) are all hinged to the corresponding inner support plates (32). The inner wall of the support (29) is also provided with two first springs (34) that cooperate with the inner support plates (32).

8. The downhole advance support equipment for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inner column (27) is rotatably connected to a driven threaded rod (36), and the upper end of the driving threaded rod (6) is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft (26). The driven threaded rod (36) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting shaft (26). The inner wall of the inner column (27) is slidably connected to a threaded slider (37) that is threadedly connected to the driving threaded rod (6). The lower end surface of the support plate (39) is hinged to a long connecting rod (38), and the lower end of the long connecting rod (38) is hinged to the threaded slider (37). The upper end of the inner column (27) is provided with an extension seat (41), and the inner wall of the extension seat (41) is fixedly connected to a pin (42). The middle part of the lower end surface of the support plate (39) is fixedly connected to a connecting seat (40), and the connecting seat (40) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the pin (42).

9. A downhole advance support device for resisting subsidence in soft formations as described in claim 8, characterized in that: Long cams (47) are fixed to both ends of the outer surface of the pin (42). The inner wall of the long cam (47) is provided with an outer cylinder (44). The support expansion plate (49) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the front and rear ends of the support plate (39). The lower end surface of the support expansion plate (49) is fixed with a fixed seat (45). The outer cylinder (44) is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed seat (45). Long pins (46) are fixed to the outer surface of the outer cylinder (44). Long inclined grooves (48) that cooperate with long pins (46) are opened on the outer surface of the long cam (47).

10. A construction method for downhole pre-support in soft formations as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Equipment transfer and deployment: Rotate the active threaded rod (6) on the inner wall of the support column (1) to control the support assembly to be in the retracted state, so that the expansion seat (9) flips upward and the inner seat (17) moves inward. At the same time, control the support layer to be in the retracted state, so that the support plate (39) flips downward and the support expansion plate (49) moves inward. Transport the support equipment to the preset support position in the underground roadway. S2, Support component unfolding and fixing: Rotate the active threaded rod (6) in the opposite direction to drive the extension seat (9) to flip downwards to be coplanar with the round base (2), and at the same time drive the inner seat (17) to move outwards to the limit position, so that the round base (2), extension seat (9) and inner seat (17) fit together with the soft ground surface, increasing the contact area to reduce pressure; S3, Support height adjustment: Adjust the inner column (27) at the upper end of the support column (1) to move up and down along the inner wall of the support column (1) so that the support layer is adapted to the actual height of the underground roadway; S4. Support layer deployment: Continue to maintain the rotation direction of the active threaded rod (6), drive the support plate (39) to flip upwards to fit with the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway, and at the same time drive the support expansion plate (49) to move outwards to expand the support coverage area.

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