Novel blade type impact groove continuous multi-impact water turbine based on lever principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a lever principle blade type impact groove continuous multi-impact novel water turbine which is called a novel water turbine for short. By increasing the diameter and length of the runner, the lever principle effect of shifting in all directions is brought into full play, the current situations of long rotor diameter, short runner diameter, low rotating speed and low efficiency are changed, and the efficiency of the water turbine can be multiplied; the efficiency of the water turbine can be multiplied by adopting the multi-stage multi-blade type impact groove to receive continuous multi-impact work of high-speed water jet of a hydropower station; the flow is controlled by adopting the nozzle, so that the loss of water jet impact force caused by arranging a water guide mechanism control mechanism on the nozzle system can be avoided; the water is sprayed into the water inlet of the nozzle by the flow which is about 5% larger than that of the nozzle, so that the water pressure in the nozzle is stable, and the water flow impact acting effect can be improved. The energy index is put forward for the first time and used for unit design, and then the energy index serves as the standard for measuring the water turbine efficiency. And the water consumption rate is used as a standard for measuring the economic benefits of the water-turbine generator set. The comprehensive effect can improve the efficiency of the water turbine by more than two times.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to a new technical field of a new type of water turbine with the principle of lever and blade impact groove continuous multi-impact.

[0002] It relates to the mechanics of water flow impact and counterattack. The slower the water flow, the smaller the impact force. The smaller the impact force after diversion. The higher the water head, the greater the impact force of the water flow. The smaller the impact force loss of the water flow after diversion. The mixed flow water turbine has applied water head exceeding 400 meters. The impact force loss of the water flow is greater after the diversion of the high-speed water jet of 400-meter water head. Therefore, the selection of water flow impact work is the key technology for designing water turbines to improve the efficiency of water turbines.

[0003] It relates to the first time to adopt the design principle of runner diameter not less than rotor diameter, to increase the length of runner diameter and play the role of lever principle of runner diameter, and to improve the lever work efficiency of runner diameter. It overcomes the short runner diameter, long rotor diameter, low speed and low efficiency of traditional water turbines. It adopts the design of runner diameter not less than rotor diameter, to improve the speed and multiply the lever work efficiency, and to multiply the efficiency of water turbines.

[0004] It relates to the first time to adopt multiple blades, multiple stages of blades and multiple impact grooves, to fully accept the continuous multi-impact work of high-speed water jet of hydropower station, to multiply the impact groove work efficiency and to multiply the efficiency of water turbines.

[0005] It relates to the first time to adopt energy conversion index for designing unit power, flow, diameter of water delivery pipe, diameter of conical nozzle water inlet and nozzle, and to make the total amount of jet of nozzle larger than the flow of nozzle by about 5%. It not only stabilizes the water pressure in the nozzle, but also improves the speed of water jet.

[0006] It relates to the first time to adopt the nozzle control flow of conical nozzle, to simplify the structure of nozzle system without setting water guide mechanism and control system, to avoid the impact force loss of water jet of water guide mechanism and nozzle control mechanism, and to be more convenient for setting numerous conical nozzles, to reduce the impact load of each stress point of blades and to prolong the service life.

[0007] It relates to the first time to adopt runner diameter correlation coefficient for designing and determining the diameter of runner.

[0008] It relates to the first time to adopt speed correlation coefficient for designing and determining the speed of runner.

[0009] It relates to the first time to adopt energy conversion index as an index for measuring the efficiency of water turbines and as a standard for evaluating the efficiency of water turbines.

[0010] The application relates to the first use of power consumption water rate as an index for measuring the economic benefits of a water turbine generator set and as a standard for evaluating the benefits of the water turbine generator set. BACKGROUND

[0011] After inquiry, no same background technology is found.

[0012] Currently, there are two types of water turbines, namely, the counter-attack type and the impact type, for hydropower stations, and the reversible water turbine is mainly used for pumped storage power generation.

[0013] Currently, the Francis turbine is mainly used in global large and medium-sized hydropower stations, the Three Gorges hydropower station, the Wudongde hydropower station and the Baihetan hydropower station with the world advanced level in China all use the Francis turbine. The Francis turbine has the technical defects that the rotor diameter length is multiplied by the runner diameter, the speed is multiplied by the efficiency, a large number of fixed guide vanes are used to continuously guide the water flow, the continuously guided water flow continuously impacts the fixed guide vanes without work, a large number of movable guide vanes are used to control the flow, the continuously guided water flow continuously impacts the movable guide vanes without work, the water flow after being guided fills the entire blade flow channel, the front surface of the blade receives the water flow to drive work, the back surface of the blade faces the water flow resistance, the efficiency is reduced, the work flow consumption is large, and the power generation water consumption rate is high. For example, the power generation water consumption rate of the Three Gorges hydropower station is 4.92 m 3 / kw·h, the power generation water consumption rate of the Baihetan hydropower station is 1.93 m 3 / kw·h, the above defects result in the technical defects of large water resource waste, large work flow consumption and low power generation benefit. The above defects result in 80% of the water flow impact force loss.

[0014] All global high water head hydropower stations use bucket type water turbines. The working efficiency of the bucket type water turbine is lower than that of the Francis turbine. The main factors are: the use of water bucket to accept high-speed water jet impact to work has many links, which causes water resource waste, for example: 1, high-speed water jet is sprayed into the water head for a moment, which is side-sprayed, resulting in water resource waste; 2, water jet is sprayed into the water bucket for a moment, which impacts the inside of the root of the water bucket and does not work, resulting in water resource waste; 3, after the water jet impacts the root of the water bucket, it impacts the back of the adjacent water bucket, which has an opposite effect, resulting in a decrease in the rotating speed and a decrease in the efficiency; 4, when the water jet leaves the water bucket, the water jet between the next water bucket has not worked, resulting in water resource waste; the bucket type water turbine uses a valve and a needle head to control the flow, and the controlled flow does not work, resulting in water resource waste; the above defects cause the bucket type water turbine to have the technical defects of large water resource waste, large working flow consumption and low power generation efficiency, which causes the working efficiency to be slightly lower than that of the Francis turbine. In the 50th page of the Higher Education School Unified Excellent Planning Textbook, Zheng Yuan et al. (editors in chief), China Water Resources and Electric Power Press. In the comparison test using the traditional inclined type water turbine, the result is 3.8 times slower than the rotating speed of the new type water turbine of the application. The purpose of the application is to solve the technical defects of the traditional water turbine, such as large water resource waste, large working flow consumption and low power generation efficiency. SUMMARY

[0015] The main purpose of the application is to provide a new type of water turbine with a lever principle blade type impact groove continuous multi-impact, which is referred to as a new type of water turbine.

[0016] The novel water turbine can solve the technical defects of the background technology Francis turbine unit that the rotor diameter is multiplied greater than the runner diameter, resulting in the rotational speed being multiplied reduced and the efficiency being multiplied reduced; can solve the technical defects of the Francis turbine that a large number of fixed guide vanes are used to continuously guide and impact the water flow on the fixed guide vanes, resulting in 60% of the impact force loss; can solve the technical defects of the Francis turbine that a large number of movable guide vanes are used to control the working flow, and the controlled flow does not work, resulting in water resource waste. The above-mentioned defects of the Francis turbine unit can cause 80% of the impact force of the water flow to be lost. The novel water turbine can solve the technical defects of the background technology bucket turbine that a valve and a needle head are used to control the flow, and the controlled flow does not work, resulting in water resource waste; can solve the technical defects of the bucket turbine that the bucket receives the impact of the high-speed water jet to work, and there are multiple links of water resource waste: 1. the water jet is sprayed into the bucket and then sprayed out instantly, resulting in water resource waste; 2. the water jet is sprayed into the bucket and then impacts the inner side of the root of the bucket, resulting in water resource waste; 3. the water jet impacts the inner side of the root of the bucket and then impacts the back of the adjacent bucket, and the effects are opposite, resulting in reduced rotational speed and reduced efficiency; 4. when the water jet leaves the bucket and does not spray into the water jet between the next buckets, the water jet does not work, resulting in water resource waste. The above-mentioned technical defects of the bucket turbine result in large water resource waste, large working flow consumption, and low power generation efficiency. The inclined impact type water turbine is used for comparison test, and the result is 3.8 times slower than the rotational speed of the novel water turbine.

[0017] The energy index is the statistical data of the water flow impact force provided by the height of the rated water head of the hydropower station and the rated single-machine flow together to convert into mechanical force by the water turbine, is the statistical conversion result of the actual energy conversion of the rated water head, the rated flow and the rated power of more than 30 hydropower stations, and is determined as 0.115. 0.115 is called the energy conversion related index, and is simply called the energy index. The energy index has a wide range of applications, is used for measuring and evaluating the efficiency of the water turbine, is the actual energy conversion efficiency of the water turbine, and is accurate, reliable and sensitive. The energy index is used as the basis for designing the installed capacity, the unit power, the flow, the water head and the related parameters of the water turbine of each hydropower station. The energy index has the advantages of simplifying a lot of procedures in the design. The water head and the flow of each hydropower station are known, the key parameters of the hydropower station can be obtained by designing and converting according to the known flow and water head and taking the energy index as the basis, and the overall design procedure of the hydropower station can be simplified.

[0018] The correlation coefficient of runner diameter and the correlation coefficient of rotational speed of hydraulic turbine. The design of runner diameter and rotational speed of hydraulic turbine is based on the power of the unit. The power of the unit increases gradually in proportion from small unit to large unit. The runner diameter also increases gradually in proportion, while the rotational speed decreases gradually in inverse proportion. Under the condition of setting the maximum runner diameter and rotational speed of the unit, the correlation coefficient of runner diameter and the correlation coefficient of rotational speed are obtained by conversion method based on experiments. The correlation coefficient of runner diameter is 1.28, which is multiplied gradually to obtain the required parameters of runner diameter. The correlation coefficient of rotational speed is 1.14, which is divided gradually to obtain the required parameters of rotational speed. However, they need to be verified or adjusted.

[0019] The new type of hydraulic turbine adopts the principle of runner diameter not less than rotor diameter to design the runner diameter. Although the hydraulic generator is a whole, the working principles of its runner and rotor are different. The difference between them is that the blades on the runner accept the water flow to do work and generate driving force, which drives the main shaft to work through the leverage of runner diameter. The shorter the runner diameter, the smaller the leverage, the lower the work efficiency, and the lower the power generation efficiency. The longer the rotor diameter, the more energy consumption and the lower the rotational speed, the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the runner diameter and the rotor diameter are the key factors that determine the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine. Adopting the principle of runner diameter not less than rotor diameter to design the runner diameter not only solves the problem of long rotor diameter, low rotational speed, and low efficiency of traditional hydraulic turbines, but also is the key technology to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic turbine by several times.

[0020] The new type of hydraulic turbine runner adopts multiple blades, multiple stages of blades, and multiple impact grooves to improve the work efficiency of the blade-type impact groove. Because the impact force of water flow is greater than the counterattack force, especially with the increase of water head, the impact force of water jet is much greater than the counterattack force. Therefore, the use of multiple blades, multiple stages of blades, and multiple impact grooves can continuously accept the impact of water jet from the hydropower station to do work. Not only can it solve the problem of large water loss and low efficiency of traditional hydraulic turbines, but also is an important technology to improve the efficiency of the new type of hydraulic turbine by several times.

[0021] The new type of hydraulic turbine adopts a conical nozzle, which transmits the water jet provided by the dam to the blade-type impact groove for continuous multiple impact work. The nozzle mouth controls the flow, without setting a water guide mechanism and a nozzle control mechanism, which can avoid the loss of water jet impact force. The water jet with a flow rate of about 5% more than the nozzle inlet can not only stabilize the water pressure in the nozzle, but also increase the speed of the water jet. The conical nozzle controls the flow of the nozzle, simplifies the structure of the nozzle system, facilitates the setting of numerous conical nozzles, reduces the impact load of each force point of the blade, and prolongs the service life. It is also an important measure to improve the efficiency of the new type of hydraulic turbine.

[0022] The rotational speed correlation coefficient is used to determine the rotational speed of a new type of water turbine runner. At present, the rotational speed of a water turbine is determined by using specific speed, rotational speed first principle, and various design principles and concepts, such as large runner diameter and low rotational speed. The actual design results have a common feature, i.e., small diameter runner and large diameter rotor with low rotational speed and low efficiency. It is like the result of using a small donkey to pull a large cart. The rotor diameter of the 10 million kilowatt Francis turbine of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, which is the top level in the world, is more than twice the runner diameter. This design result cannot improve the rotational speed, but rather reduces the rotational speed and efficiency. In the case of a large diameter rotor, the smaller the runner diameter, the lower the rotational speed and efficiency. The longer the rotor diameter, the lower the rotational speed and efficiency. The rotational speed is proportional to the thrust. Therefore, the lever efficiency of shortening the rotor diameter and increasing the runner diameter is used, and the efficiency of the blade type impact groove is used to increase the thrust and improve the rotational speed. The rotational speed correlation coefficient is used to determine the rotational speed.

[0023] The energy conversion index is used as an index and standard for measuring and evaluating the efficiency of a water turbine. The efficiency of various water turbines designed by traditional methods can reach more than 90%. Whether the efficiency of more than 90% can be achieved, and what the efficiency of more than 90% is, are actual efficiency. Since there is no index and standard for measuring and evaluating the efficiency of a water turbine, it is impossible to know the actual efficiency of a water turbine. The energy index is used as an index and standard for measuring and evaluating the efficiency of a water turbine. It is the actual efficiency of a water turbine for converting the impact force of water flow into mechanical force, and the result is accurate and reliable.

[0024] The power consumption rate is used as an index and standard for measuring and evaluating the economic benefit of a water turbine generator set. At present, the power generation benefit is almost measured by annual power generation. According to the power consumption rate and annual power generation of a certain hydropower station for 5 years, it is shown that the highest annual power generation has the lowest power consumption rate. Reducing the power consumption rate by 3.48% can increase the annual power generation by 43.6%. Reducing the power consumption rate is the most important measure to improve the power generation and economic benefit. The power consumption rate is used as an index and standard for measuring and evaluating the economic benefit of a water turbine generator, which is feasible and the result is reliable. Technical scheme The scheme adopts increasing the runner diameter length to fully play the role of the lever principle of "four ounces move a ton", changes the present situation of the longer the rotor diameter, the shorter the runner diameter, the lower the speed, and the lower the efficiency of the traditional Francis turbine, shortens the rotor diameter, extends the rotor height, and achieves the working area of the rotor copper winding and other measures, and doubles the working efficiency of the runner diameter; the multi-stage and multi-blade type impact groove can fully utilize the high-speed water jet impact of the hydropower station to work, and doubles the working efficiency of the blade type impact groove; the nozzle control flow can avoid the loss of water jet impact force caused by the setting of water guide mechanism and control mechanism of the nozzle system; the water pressure in the water delivery system is stable, and the speed of the water jet is improved. The energy conversion index is used as the index and standard for measuring the efficiency of the water turbine. The power consumption of water is used as the index and standard for measuring the benefit of the water turbine generator set. The basis and implementation of the scheme are as follows:

[0025] The impact force of water flow is greater than the counterattack force, and the current counterattack type water turbine guides the water flow as a counterattack, which has serious water power loss. With the increase of water head, the impact force of water flow is greater, and the water power loss of guiding as a counterattack is greater. The 1000000 kilowatt Francis turbine with international advanced level adopted in Baihetan Hydropower Station has a water head of more than 200 meters, and there is a Francis turbine for water head of more than 400 meters. The high-speed water jet of 200 meters water head or 400 meters water head is guided as a counterattack, and the loss of water jet impact force is greater, and the actual counterattack force for work is unknown, because there is no actual measuring index and standard, the actual efficiency cannot be explained, only the power consumption of water can explain the power generation efficiency of Three Gorges Hydropower Station 4.92m 3 / 80.6 meters water head, Baihetan Hydropower Station 1.93m 3 / 202 meters water head. But the impact force of water flow is far greater than the counterattack force. Therefore, the impact force of water flow is selected for work.

[0026] The present scheme selects the runner diameter greater than the rotor diameter 1.3-1.5 times, increases the rotor height to reach the rotor copper wire winding working area constitutes the whole lever principle of the rotor runner, according to the unit power setting runner diameter according to the runner diameter setting runner each component diameter constitutes the lever structure. Each unit adopts the lever structure principle, sets the diameter of the rotor, runner and runner components, so that the whole unit forms a lever structure. Solve the current mixed flow water turbine exists the rotor diameter is large, runner diameter is small. The larger the rotor diameter, the smaller the runner diameter, the lower the speed, the lower the efficiency. Because of the different working principle of the rotor and the runner. The rotor is driven by the main shaft to work, and the runner is driven by the main shaft to work. The rotor works by relying on the power provided by the runner. The longer the rotor diameter, the shorter the runner diameter, the smaller the power provided by the runner, as a result, the lower the speed, the lower the efficiency. At present, the rotor diameter of 1000000 kilowatt mixed flow water turbine with international top level is more than 2 times the length of the runner diameter. The above results are caused by the design principle and design concept of "large rotor diameter, low speed, and large flow to reduce the runner diameter". Therefore, the present scheme adopts: the runner diameter is 1.3-1.5 times longer than the rotor diameter, increases the rotor height, reaches the working area of the rotor, and designs the runner diameter. Reach the runner diameter growth, shorten the rotor diameter, both can solve the problem of long rotor diameter and short runner diameter in traditional water turbine design, the key is to improve the lever efficiency of new type water turbine. Solve the technical defects of large water resource waste, large working flow consumption and low power generation efficiency in the background technology.

[0027] The present scheme selects to adopt multiple blades, multiple stages of blades, and multiple impact grooves runner to improve the working efficiency of the blade type impact groove. The efficiency of the water turbine depends on the efficiency of the runner diameter and the blade efficiency. At present, the reason for the low efficiency of the water turbine blade is that the utilization rate of the impact force of the water flow is low, the hydraulic loss is large, and the working efficiency is low. The widely used mixed flow water turbine, one is the water flow impact direction for the water loss of the water loss. Two is the low efficiency of the blade working. When the water flow enters the water turbine, the whole runner blade flow channel is filled with water flow, and the water flow is used to resist the force of the blade. That is, the pressure difference between the front and back of the blade makes the runner rotate and work. And the water flow fills the whole runner blade flow channel, the blade is subjected to force, there is thrust and resistance, the actual water power is very limited, plus the water loss of the guide, therefore, the efficiency is low. The design principle of the counterattack type water turbine is the same, and they all have the common shortcomings of large water loss and low water utilization rate, which leads to low efficiency of the counterattack type water turbine. The bucket-type hydraulic turbine is mainly used in high water head power station, and accepts high-speed water jet impact to do work. The current bucket-type hydraulic turbine has large water loss and low work efficiency, and the reasons are as follows: 1. the guide mechanism and control mechanism of the nozzle system have large impact force loss of high-speed water jet; 2. the high-speed water jet has large water loss when it is sprayed into the bucket and then is sprayed out instantaneously; 3. the high-speed water jet is sprayed from the front of the bucket, and then is blocked and turned at the inner side of the root of the bucket, and the impact at the turning position is large, and the impact does not work and has large loss; 4. part of the water jet is sprayed to the back of the adjacent bucket at the turning position at the inner side of the root of the bucket, and the impact is opposite to the direction of rotation of the runner, and causes resistance and reduces the work efficiency; 5. the water jet does not work and has loss in the process that the water jet leaves the bucket and then is sprayed into the next bucket. The utilization rate of the impact force of the water jet is low, the loss is large, and the efficiency is lower than that of the Francis turbine in the process of work of the bucket. Therefore, the scheme adopts the blade-type impact groove to improve the work efficiency of the runner blade. The impact groove and the rotating disc are an integral whole, and the integral force can avoid the force shortage at the root of the bucket. The impact groove has large resistance strength, and is safer.

[0028] The scheme adopts the conical nozzle, and the water pressure of the water delivery system and the speed of the water jet can be improved. The conical nozzle does not need to be provided with a guide mechanism and a nozzle control mechanism, and the loss of the impact force of the water jet can be avoided. The nozzle control flow is adopted, the complex structure of the nozzle is saved, the number of the nozzles is increased by three to five times, the load of the blade stress point is reduced by three to five times, and the service life is prolonged. The high-speed water jet impact can be accepted to do work.

[0029] The scheme adopts the rotational speed correlation coefficient for the design conversion of the rotational speed. The traditional design principle of "specific speed" and "runner diameter is large and rotational speed is low" is used to design the rotational speed of the runner, and the "rotational speed first principle" is also used to design the rotational speed. The design results have a common point that the runner diameter is small, the rotor diameter is large, and the rotational speed is low. The rotor diameter of the 1 million kilowatt Francis turbine with international advanced level is more than 2 times of the runner diameter. In the case of large rotor diameter, the smaller the runner diameter is, the smaller the pushing force of the runner diameter lever is, and the lower the rotational speed is. The rotational speed is proportional to the pushing force. The scheme improves the efficiency of the blade-type impact groove, improves the lever efficiency of the runner diameter, and improves the efficiency to improve the pushing force and the rotational speed. The rotational speed correlation coefficient is used to design and determine the rotational speed of the hydraulic turbine.

[0030] The scheme adopts the energy index for the design of the related parameters of the hydraulic turbine system, and the energy index is used for the design of the unit capacity, the power of the hydraulic turbine, the flow, the water head or the water pressure, the diameter of the water delivery pipeline, the inlet diameter of the conical nozzle, the nozzle diameter and the like.

[0031] The scheme adopts energy index as the index and standard for measuring and evaluating the efficiency of the water turbine, which is the actual efficiency of the water turbine in converting the impact force of water flow into mechanical force, and the result is accurate and reliable.

[0032] The power generation water consumption rate is adopted as the index and standard for measuring and evaluating the economic benefit of the water turbine generator. At present, the economic benefit of power generation is almost measured by the annual power generation capacity. According to the power generation water consumption rate and the annual power generation capacity of a certain hydropower station for 5 years, the power generation water consumption rate of the one with the highest annual power generation capacity is the lowest. Reducing the power generation water consumption rate by 3.48% can increase the annual power generation capacity by 43.6%. Reducing the power generation water consumption rate is the key measure to increase the power generation capacity and improve the economic benefit of power generation. Adopting the power generation water consumption rate as the index and standard for measuring and evaluating the economic benefit of the water turbine generator can not only measure the economic benefit, but also more importantly, take measures to reduce the power generation water consumption rate.

[0033] The scheme adopts the tunnel type impact runner with corrugated blades, the furnace bridge type two-stage blade impact runner, and the multi-stage blade impact runner with various blades. The above-mentioned various impact runners are used for working and generating power under different water heads and water pressures. In order to solve the technical defect that the rotor diameter length of the Francis turbine unit is multiplied by the runner diameter to reduce the rotation speed and the power generation benefit, the runner diameter length is 1.3-1.5 times longer than the rotor diameter, and the height of the rotor copper wire winding is increased. According to the unit power, the runner diameter length is set, the disc diameter is set according to the runner diameter length, the outer diameter of the inner and outer steel ring is set, the impact groove width is set, and the above-mentioned whole lever structure of the runner and rotor is adopted, which can solve the technical defect that the rotor diameter length of the Francis turbine unit is multiplied by the runner diameter to reduce the rotation speed and the power generation benefit. The runner diameter is 1.3-1.5 times longer than the rotor diameter, which can improve the power generation benefit by 2.6-3 times. The rotor diameter of the traditional 1000kW Francis turbine unit is 18-20 meters, and the rotor height is 2.3 meters, so it is feasible to increase the height of the rotor copper wire winding. The height of the inner and outer steel rings is the height of the runner. The height is set according to the unit power. The height of the inner and outer steel rings used in the 10kW unit is 120mm, and the impact groove width is 60mm. The scheme utilizes the inertia effect of the runner, the outer steel ring is 20mm thick, and the inner steel ring is 10mm thick. The scheme adopts the bell type casing and the vacuum components, which can realize vacuum operation. Under the same conditions, the rotation speed can be improved by 3.8 times compared with the traditional inclined impact type water turbine. The practical results show that the technical scheme is feasible. The corrugated blades used are shown in Figure 1, the furnace bridge type blades are shown in Figure 2, and the plate type blades are shown in Figure 3.

[0034] The corrugated blade tunnel-type impact groove impeller consists of three impact groove steel plates and six sets of corrugated blades. The impeller comprises a disc, main shaft, bushing bolts, and the corrugated blade tunnel impact groove. The tunnel-type impact groove uses three steel plates, one of which is a partition plate, and two of which are inner and outer impact groove steel plates. The inner and outer impact groove steel plates are 180 mm long, with the inner plate being 10 mm thick and the outer plate 20 mm thick. The outer diameter of the inner and outer impact groove steel plates is determined based on the unit power, the impeller diameter being 1.3-1.5 times longer than the rotor diameter, and the overall lever structure of the impeller and rotor. For a 10 kW unit, the outer ring outer diameter is 410 mm, the inner ring outer diameter is 250 mm, and the impact groove is 60 mm wide. The height of the inner and outer impact rings formed by the inner and outer impact steel plates is the impeller height, which is 120 mm. The corrugated blade specifications are determined according to the unit power. The corrugated blades are composed of six steel plates, each 30 mm long and 10 mm wide. The two discs of the runner are made of identical steel plates with a set diameter. Holes are drilled at the center of the two discs according to the specifications of the main shaft bushing bolts, and the two discs are bolted to the main shaft bushing. The outer edges of the two discs are connected to the impact grooves of the corrugated blades. The inner impact plate is connected to the outer edges of the two discs, and the impact partition is connected to the outer impact plate. Eleven combined corrugated blades are connected to the partitions and inner and outer steel plates at a set spacing of 15 mm and an angle of 100-120 degrees, and then connected to adjacent partitions to form a four-sided enclosed tunnel impact groove. This is housed within a bell-shaped casing to form a turbine, with partitions separating the front and rear corrugated blades. Thirty-five sets of combined corrugated blade tunnel impact grooves are arranged on the outer edges of the two discs to form a corrugated blade tunnel impact groove runner. The conical nozzle is set at 10-20 degrees, and the water jet can continuously impact and do work 11 times from the inlet to the outlet of the corrugated blade tunnel. This almost fully utilizes the impact force of the water jet, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station and solving the technical defects of mixed-flow turbine units and bucket turbines in the background, such as large water waste, large power flow consumption, and low power generation efficiency.

[0035] The second stage of the furnace bridge type blade impact groove is formed by the space of 60mm between the inner and outer impact ring steel plates. The first stage of the plate type impact blade and the second stage of the furnace bridge type blade are arranged in the impact groove to form the second stage of the furnace bridge type blade impact groove. The outer diameter of the inner and outer impact ring steel plates is set according to the overall lever principle of the runner rotor, that is, the runner diameter is 1.3-1.5 times longer than the rotor diameter. The outer diameter of the outer ring is 405mm, the inner diameter of the inner ring is 245mm, and the width of the impact groove is 60mm. In order to form inertia, the outer ring steel plate thickness is 20mm, the inner ring steel plate thickness is 10mm, and the first stage of the plate type impact blade is 58mm long, 20mm wide and 2mm thick. The furnace bridge type blade is a triangular eight combination blade, which is 58mm wide, 115mm long and 2mm thick. The inner and outer rings are made of steel plate by rolling and welding according to the set specifications. The 28 groups of the second stage of the furnace bridge type blade are arranged in the lower segment of the impact groove according to the set spacing of 15mm and the set angle of 105-120 degrees. The 63 groups of the first stage of the plate type impact blade are arranged in the upper segment of the impact groove according to the set spacing of 15mm and the set angle of 45-60 degrees to form the second stage of the furnace bridge type blade impact groove. Then, the second stage of the furnace bridge type blade impact groove runner is connected with the disc of the runner.

[0036] The multi-blade multi-stage impeller runner is composed of a first plate type impeller blade, a second furnace bridge type blade, and a third plate type tail blade. The runner diameter is 420 mm, the impeller runner inner diameter is 260 mm, the impeller runner width is 60 mm, the outer plate thickness is 20 mm, the inner plate thickness is 10 mm, the outer and inner plate height is 120 mm, the disc diameter is 240 mm, the first plate type impeller blade length is 58 mm, the first plate type impeller blade width is 20 mm, the first plate type impeller blade thickness is 2 mm, the second furnace bridge type blade length is 100 mm, the second furnace bridge type blade width is 58 mm, the second furnace bridge type blade thickness is 2 mm, the third plate type tail blade length is 58 mm, the third plate type tail blade height is 25 mm, and the third plate type tail blade thickness is 2 mm. The cone nozzle is set at 10-30 degrees. The water jet first impacts the first blade to do work, then impacts the second blade to do work for 10 times or more, and then impacts the third blade to do work. The water jet almost does work on all the blades to generate electricity, improves the power generation efficiency of the power station, and solves the technical defects of the background technology, such as the waste of water resources, the large consumption of work flow, and the low power generation efficiency of the Francis turbine and the bucket turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a corrugated blade diagram of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 is a furnace bridge type blade diagram of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3 is a plate type blade, plate type impeller blade, and plate type tail blade diagram of the present application. EXAMPLE

[0040] The new type of water turbine is named as lever principle furnace bridge type two-stage blade impact groove runner, which is called as new type of water turbine. The lever principle is used to solve the technical defects of the mixed flow turbine unit, which is that the rotor diameter length is twice as large as the runner diameter, which leads to the speed and power generation efficiency being reduced by twice. The runner diameter length is 1.3-1.5 times as large as the rotor diameter, the rotor copper winding height is increased, the whole lever principle of the runner rotor is used, the speed is increased by 2.6-3 times, and the power generation efficiency is increased by 2.6-3 times. The 10 kW traditional inclined impact type water turbine is used for comparison test, and the runner with a diameter of 295 mm of the traditional 10 kW inclined impact type water turbine is removed, and a runner with a diameter of 420 mm of the furnace bridge type two-stage blade impact groove is set. The runner is composed of a disc, a shaft sleeve, an inner and outer steel plate impact ring, a first plate type impact blade and a second furnace bridge type blade. The outer diameter of the outer steel plate impact ring is 420 mm, the thickness is 20 mm, the impact groove width is 60 mm, the outer diameter of the inner steel plate impact ring is 260 mm, the thickness of the inner steel plate impact ring is 10 mm, the height of the inner and outer rings is 120 mm, the diameter of the runner disc is 240 mm, and the thickness of the runner disc is 5 mm. The length of the plate type impact blade is 58 mm, the width is 20 mm, and the thickness is 2 mm. The furnace bridge type blade is a triangular eight combination blade, the width is 58 mm, the length is 120 mm, and the thickness of the steel plate is 2 mm. The runner disc is made of two discs with the same specifications, and holes are drilled in the centers of the two discs according to the specifications of the main shaft sleeve. The two discs are connected with the main shaft sleeve. The two discs are connected with the inner steel plate ring, and the inner and outer steel plate rings are made of steel plates according to the specified specifications. The inner steel plate ring is connected with the outer edge of the two discs. The space between the two steel plates of the inner and outer impact rings is 60 mm, which is the impact groove. The first plate type impact blade is set on the upper segment of the impact ring according to the specified number, the specified interval of 20 mm and the specified angle of 30-50 degrees. The furnace bridge type blade is set in the middle and lower segment of the impact groove according to the specified number, the specified interval of 15 mm and the specified angle of 100-120 degrees. The lever principle furnace bridge type two-stage blade impact groove runner is composed, which is set in the bell type machine shell. The bell type machine shell is set on the machine base, and the runner main shaft is connected with the generator to form the new type of water turbine. The speed measurement comparison test result is 3.2 times higher than that of the traditional inclined impact type water turbine.

[0041] The water delivery system of the machine set is set according to different power, different water head, different water pressure, different impact grooves and different runner, in order to solve the water resource waste caused by the adoption of movable guide vane to control the flow of Francis turbine, and in order to solve the water resource waste caused by the adoption of valve and needle head to control the flow of Pelton turbine. The machine set adopts vertical shaft setting, which makes the parallel operation of runner beneficial to the angle setting of both the conical nozzle and the runner impact groove blade, and beneficial to the adoption of conical nozzle to control the flow, so as to solve the water resource waste caused by the flow control of Francis turbine and Pelton turbine. The main pipeline of the water delivery system is set as a bent cone according to the position of the machine set and the structure of the runner impact groove, and the number, size, spacing of the water delivery branch pipeline, the number of conical nozzles and the number of valves are set according to the power, flow and water pressure of the machine set. When starting and stopping, the valve is adopted to control the speed of the water turbine and to control the opening and closing. When running, the conical nozzle is adopted to control the flow. The specifications of the water delivery system must be matched, the large diameter of the conical bent pipe is 90mm, the small diameter is 46mm, and the length is 1800mm. The machine set only needs two nozzles, the cross-sectional area of the nozzle is 0.00013 square meters, the diameter is 13mm, the diameter of the two valves is 40mm, and one branch pipeline is set, the large diameter of the branch pipeline is 60mm, the small diameter is 50mm, and the length is 36mm.

[0042] The purpose of adopting valve and conical nozzle of the machine set is to adopt valve to control the speed of the water turbine when starting and stopping, so as to start or stop. It is also beneficial to the maintenance of the machine set. When running, the conical nozzle is adopted to control the flow, so as to solve the technical defects of large water resource waste, large work flow consumption and low power generation efficiency caused by the adoption of movable guide vane to control the flow of Francis turbine and the adoption of valve and needle head to control the flow of Pelton turbine. The valve and conical nozzle are set according to the structure specifications and the use water head and water pressure of the runner with corrugated blade tunnel impact groove, the runner with multiple blade multi-stage impact groove and the runner with furnace bridge type two-stage blade impact groove, so as to set the size of the valve and the cross-sectional area and diameter of the conical nozzle, and to control the work flow of the above-mentioned multiple impact groove runners. The purpose of adopting the above-mentioned multiple impact groove runners is to solve the technical defects of doubling the speed and doubling the power generation efficiency caused by the fact that the diameter and length of the rotor of Francis turbine set are multiplied by the diameter of the runner. It is to solve the technical defects of serious waste of water resources caused by the fact that the impact accepted by the fixed guide vane of Francis turbine is not work, which leads to the waste of most of the water flow impact; it is to solve the technical defects of serious waste of water resources caused by the fact that the water bucket of Pelton turbine adopts water bucket to accept high-speed water jet to work in multiple links. The diameter of the ball valve used in the test stage is 30mm, the large diameter of the conical nozzle is 25mm, the cross-sectional area of the nozzle is 0.00013 square meters, and the diameter is 13mm. The setting of the conical nozzle and the impact groove blade only exists angle selection, and does not exist lever principle.

[0043] The lever principle multi-stage blade impact groove runner is composed of a first-stage plate type impact blade, a second-stage furnace bridge type blade, a third-stage plate type tail blade, an inner and outer steel plate impact ring, a disc, a main shaft, a shaft sleeve and a bell type machine shell. The diameter of the runner is greater than the diameter of the rotor by 1.3-1.5 times, the diameter of the rotor is shortened, the height of the rotor copper winding is increased, the total lever principle of the runner and rotor is utilized, and the diameter of the runner is set according to the power of the unit. In the comparative experiment, the runner with a diameter of 295 mm of a 10-kilowatt traditional inclined impact type water turbine is removed, and a blade type impact groove runner with a diameter of 420 mm is set, the diameter length is 1.42 times greater, in order to form the inertial effect of the runner, the thickness of the outer steel plate impact ring is set to 20 mm, the thickness of the inner steel plate ring is set to 10 mm, the outer diameter of the outer steel plate ring is set to 420 mm, the impact groove width is set to 60 mm, the outer diameter of the inner steel plate ring is set to 260 mm, and the height of the inner and outer steel plate rings is set to 120 mm. The diameter of the disc is set to 240 mm. The length of the first-stage plate type impact blade is set to 58 mm, the width is set to 20 mm, and the thickness is set to 2 mm, and the number of the first-stage plate type impact blades required is set to 54; the length of the second-stage furnace bridge type blade is set to 100 mm, the width is set to 58 mm, the thickness is set to 2 mm, and the number required is set to 34; the length of the third-stage plate type tail blade is set to 58 mm, the width is set to 30 mm, the thickness is set to 2 mm, and the number required is set to 39. According to the disc setting specification, two discs are made of steel plates with the same specification, a hole is drilled in the center of the two discs according to the main shaft sleeve specification, the two discs are connected with the main shaft sleeve, and the outer edges of the two discs are connected with the inner steel plate ring. The inner and outer steel plate rings are made of steel plates by rolling and welding according to the set specifications. The space between the inner and outer impact rings is the impact groove, the furnace bridge type blades are arranged in the middle section of the impact groove at the set position according to the set number, the set interval of 15 mm and the set angle of 110-130 degrees. The third-stage plate type tail blade is arranged at the set position in the lower section of the impact groove according to the set number, the set interval of 30 mm and the set angle of 105-110 degrees. The first-stage plate type impact blade is arranged at the set position in the upper section of the impact groove according to the set number, the set interval of 20 mm and the set angle of 40-60 degrees. The lever principle multi-stage blade impact groove runner is composed of a first-stage plate type impact blade, a second-stage furnace bridge type blade, a third-stage plate type tail blade, an inner and outer steel plate impact ring, a disc, a main shaft, a shaft sleeve and a bell type machine shell. The main shaft is connected with the 10-kilowatt generator, a vacuum component is arranged at the lower end of the bell type machine shell, and the vacuum is achieved. In the comparative experiment of the inclined impact type water turbine, it is detected that the speed can be increased by 3.8 times than that of the traditional inclined impact type water turbine under the same conditions, and the practicality of the technical scheme is proved.

[0044] The vertical shaft is adopted, which can make the runner parallel operation, is beneficial to the selection and setting angle of the setting angle of the runner blade and the conical nozzle, improves the working efficiency, and is beneficial to the formation of the runner inertia driving force; from many aspects to solve the various technical defects of the background technology. The vertical shaft is set, the main shaft bears the weight load of the various runners, respectively bears the impact load of the various impact groove runners, respectively bears the speed load of the various impact groove runners, respectively bears the vibration load of the various impact groove runners. The present application adopts various impact groove runners, according to the various loads of different runners, sets the main shaft of various specifications and various loads.

[0045] The clock type shell is adopted, which is used to bear the weight load of the various impact groove runner units, the speed load of the various impact groove runners, the impact load of the various impact groove runners, and the vibration load of the various impact groove runners. The clock type shell is the best stress structure to bear the above various loads, and is the best choice to realize vacuum working, which can set the vacuum components to realize vacuum working without consumption, improve the speed without consumption and improve the power generation efficiency.

[0046] The base of the present application is used to achieve precise positioning of the various impact groove runner large and medium-sized units, which is beneficial to the setting of the various impact groove runners, and can bear the weight load of the various impact groove runner units, respectively bear the impact load of the various impact groove runners, respectively bear the speed load of the various impact groove runners, and respectively bear the vibration load of the various impact groove runners. It is beneficial to realize the vacuum working of the runner and the setting of the vacuum components.

[0047] The new type of water turbine with lever principle blade type impact groove continuous multiple hits can solve the technical defects of the background technology Francis turbine unit, such as long rotor diameter, short runner diameter, low speed and low efficiency; can solve the technical defects of Francis turbine using fixed guide vanes to guide water flow, such as fixed guide vanes continuously receiving water flow impact without work, causing most of the impact of water flow to be lost; can solve the technical defects of Francis turbine using movable guide vanes to control flow, such as the controlled flow not working, leading to waste of water resources; can solve the technical defects of bucket type water turbine using valve and needle head to control flow, such as the controlled flow not working, leading to waste of water resources; can solve the technical defects of water bucket receiving high-speed water jet to work, such as serious waste of water resources in multiple links, can solve the technical defects of water resources waste, large working flow consumption and low power generation efficiency caused by the above various defects. Since the global large and medium-sized hydropower stations mainly adopt Francis turbine units, and the global high water head hydropower stations adopt bucket type water turbines, therefore, solving the technical defects of Francis turbine unit, bucket type water turbine and reversible water turbine is the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A novel multi-stage, lever-principle blade-type impact groove continuous multi-impact turbine, referred to as the novel turbine. This novel turbine, employing multiple blades, multiple stages of blades, multiple impact grooves, and multiple runners, overcomes the technical shortcomings of existing impact-type and other types of turbines, such as significant water waste, high power flow consumption, and low power generation efficiency. The novel turbine consists of a main shaft, shaft sleeve bolts, discs, a bell-shaped casing, inner and outer steel plate impact rings, multiple blades, multiple stages of blades, a water conveyance system, and a base.

2. The water conveyance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water conveyance system consists of a conical bend main pipe, water delivery branches, valves, and conical nozzles. During start-up and shutdown, valves control the turbine speed. During operation, conical nozzles control the flow rate. The nozzle cross-sectional area and diameter are set according to the unit's flow rate to achieve flow control. This improves the water pressure in the water conveyance system and enhances power generation efficiency.

3. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Because this design employs multiple impact groove impellers and uses a vertical shaft setup to ensure parallel operation of the impellers, it facilitates the selection and setting of the conical nozzle angle and the impeller blade angle. This also promotes the generation of impeller inertia. Therefore, the main shaft must bear the weight load, impact load, rotational speed load, and vibration load of each impact groove impeller to ensure their safe and stable operation.

4. The multi-stage blade with multiple impact grooves and multiple impellers according to claim 1, characterized in that: To facilitate power generation under varying water heads and pressures, the following types of impellers are employed: corrugated blade tunnel-type impellers, multi-stage impellers with multiple blades, and furnace-bridge type two-stage impellers. The furnace-bridge type two-stage impeller consists of a main shaft, bushing bolts, a disc, inner and outer steel plate impact rings, and furnace-bridge type two-stage blades. The space between the inner and outer impact ring steel plates forms the impeller groove. The first-stage plate impact blades are positioned at predetermined positions in the upper section of the impeller groove according to a set number, spacing, and angle. The furnace-bridge type blades are positioned at predetermined positions in the lower section of the impeller groove according to a set number, spacing, and angle, forming the furnace-bridge type two-stage impeller groove, which connects to the outer circumference of the impeller disc to form the furnace-bridge type two-stage impeller impeller.

5. The corrugated blade tunnel-type impact groove impeller according to claim 4, characterized in that: It consists of a main shaft, bushing bolts, discs, tunnels, and combined corrugated blades. Two identical discs are made of steel plates according to a set specification. Holes are drilled in the center of the two discs according to the set bushing bolt specifications, and the two discs are connected to the bushing bolts. A set number of corrugated blade tunnels are connected to the outer periphery of the two discs. Each corrugated blade tunnel consists of three steel plates of a set specification and a set number of combined corrugated blades of a set specification. The corrugated blades are arranged in the tunnels according to a set number, spacing, and angle to form a four-sided enclosed corrugated blade tunnel. The corrugated blade tunnels are arranged on the outer periphery of the two discs according to a set number, specification, and angle to form a corrugated blade tunnel-type impact groove rotor.

6. The multi-stage blade impact groove impeller according to claim 4, characterized in that: It consists of a main shaft, bushing bolts, discs, inner and outer steel plate impact rings, first-stage plate impact blades, second-stage furnace bridge blades, and third-stage plate tail blades. Two identical discs are made of steel plates according to a set specification. Holes are drilled in the center of the two discs according to the set bushing bolt specifications, and the two discs are connected to the bushing bolts. The outer circumference of the two discs is connected to the inner ring of the impact groove. Inner and outer impact rings are made of steel plates rolled and welded according to a set specification. The space between the inner and outer impact ring steel plates forms the impact groove. Plate impact blades are positioned in the upper section of the impact groove according to a set number, spacing, and angle. Furnace bridge blades are positioned in the middle section of the impact groove according to a set number, spacing, and angle. Plate tail blades are positioned in the lower section of the impact groove according to a set number, spacing, and angle, forming a multi-stage blade impact groove. This multi-stage blade impact groove is then placed around the outer circumference of the two discs to form a multi-stage blade impact groove impeller.

7. The clock housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bell-shaped casing allows for the separate installation of various impact groove impellers, each capable of withstanding different weight loads, impact loads, speed loads, and vibration loads. A vacuum component can be incorporated to create a vacuum, thereby increasing speed and power generation efficiency without loss. Various impact groove impellers can be housed within the bell-shaped casing, and the main shaft can be connected to the generator to form a novel hydro-generator unit.

8. The base according to claim 1, characterized in that: Various impact groove impeller bell-shaped housings can be separately mounted on the base, achieving different positioning accuracy for each impact groove impeller unit. They can withstand different weight loads, impact loads, speed loads, and vibration loads of the various impact groove impeller units. Vacuum components can be incorporated to create a vacuum, increasing speed and power generation efficiency without loss, ensuring safe and stable unit operation. During operation, the relevant parameters of various impeller structures can be continuously improved according to actual needs.

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