Partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a zoning laminated composite bulletproof helmet and a preparation method, the zoning laminated composite bulletproof helmet comprises a helmet body, a shell of the helmet body is of a functional zoning laminated structure, and the shell at least comprises an anti-penetration layer, a dynamic response energy absorption layer and a lining buffer layer from outside to inside; the dynamic response energy absorption layer is arranged on the inner side of the anti-penetration layer in a stacked mode and is made of a composite material, the lining buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the dynamic response energy absorption layer, and the dynamic response energy absorption layer is made of a composite material. The concave depth of the back of the bulletproof helmet under ballistic impact can be effectively reduced, specifically, the dynamic response energy absorption layer formed by compounding the negative Poisson's ratio three-dimensional fabric framework and the shear thickening liquid is arranged, and when the layer is impacted, the in-plane shrinkage densification effect of the negative Poisson's ratio structure is utilized; and in combination with the instantaneous dynamic hardening characteristic of the shear thickening fluid, the impact energy is rapidly and transversely diffused cooperatively, so that the back convex deformation is effectively inhibited, and the blunt trauma prevention capability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of personal protective equipment technology, and in particular relates to a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Most bulletproof helmets on the market are made of aramid or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminates. They absorb ballistic impact energy through fiber stretching and interlaminar shearing, and have a certain degree of anti-penetration capability. These products have relatively mature structures and controllable production costs, and have become the mainstream choice in the military and security fields.

[0003] However, traditional laminated bulletproof helmets have the following significant drawbacks: First, the back is deeply indented upon impact, which can easily cause blunt trauma to the wearer's head; second, to improve the protection level, it is often necessary to increase the thickness and number of layers, which increases the overall weight of the helmet and affects wearing comfort and mobility; third, the multi-layered structure is prone to interlayer delamination after the first impact, resulting in a sharp decline in protective performance and making it difficult to cope with multiple impact scenarios. To solve the above problems, a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its manufacturing method are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its manufacturing method, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention relates to a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its manufacturing method, comprising a helmet body. The shell of the helmet body has a functionally partitioned laminated structure, including at least an anti-penetration layer, a dynamic response energy-absorbing layer, and an inner lining buffer layer from the outside to the inside. The dynamic response energy-absorbing layer is stacked inside the anti-penetration layer and is made of composite material. The inner lining buffer layer is disposed inside the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer and is also made of composite material. The anti-penetration layer and the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer are used to resist projectile penetration. When subjected to ballistic impact, the structure of the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer undergoes in-plane contraction and densification, while its material undergoes dynamic hardening, thereby synergistically achieving lateral diffusion and absorption of impact energy. The inner lining buffer layer is used to fit the head and attenuate residual impact.

[0006] Preferably, the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer includes a three-dimensional fabric skeleton with a negative Poisson's ratio effect and a shear thickening liquid, wherein the shear thickening liquid is filled within the skeleton.

[0007] Preferably, the unit structure of the three-dimensional fabric skeleton is a concave hexagonal structure.

[0008] Preferably, the three-dimensional fabric skeleton is made of at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, PBO fiber or carbon fiber.

[0009] Preferably, the shear thickening liquid comprises dispersed phase particles and a liquid dispersion medium, wherein the dispersed phase particles are one of nano-silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes, and the dispersion medium is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.

[0010] Preferably, the mass of the shear thickening fluid accounts for 15% to 45% of the mass of the three-dimensional fabric skeleton.

[0011] Preferably, an upper encapsulation film is disposed between the anti-penetration layer and the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer, and a lower encapsulation film is disposed between the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer and the inner liner buffer layer. The upper and lower encapsulation films are used to seal the fluid material inside the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer.

[0012] Preferably, it includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of fabrics with negative Poisson's ratio: Using a double needle bed warp knitting machine, at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, PBO fiber or carbon fiber is selected as raw material to weave a three-dimensional spaced fabric with at least one of the unit structures of concave hexagonal, double arrow structure or rotating polygonal structure. The fabric thickness is 2-5mm and has a negative Poisson's ratio effect. S2. Preparation of shear thickening solution: One of nano-silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes is used as the dispersed phase particles and added to a dispersion medium of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. The mass fraction of the dispersed phase particles is 50%-60%. The mixture is then uniformly dispersed by mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration to obtain a stable shear thickening liquid. S3, Impregnation and Composite Treatment: The three-dimensional spacer fabric obtained in step S1 is completely immersed in the shear thickening liquid prepared in step S2 for 20-40 minutes. During this time, ultrasonic-assisted oscillation is applied to promote the shear thickening liquid to fully penetrate into the fiber gaps and three-dimensional structure pores. After removal, excess liquid on the surface is removed by roller pressing. The weight gain rate of the shear thickening liquid is controlled to be 15%-45% of the fabric mass. Then, it is dried at 80°C to obtain the STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy absorption layer prepreg. S4. Stacked encapsulation deployment: The following layers are laid in sequence: a penetration-resistant hard outer shell prepreg made of multiple layers of high-strength, high-modulus unidirectional fabric or woven fabric, an upper thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, one or more layers of STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy-absorbing layer prepreg obtained in step S3, a lower thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, and an inner buffer layer material. S5, Hot pressing and curing molding: The laminated structure laid in step S4 is placed into the helmet molding mold and subjected to temperature and pressure variable curing in an autoclave. The curing temperature is 100-120℃, the pressure is 4-6MPa, and the holding time is 20-40 minutes. After cooling and demolding, the helmet body is obtained.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention can effectively reduce the indentation depth of the back of a bulletproof helmet under ballistic impact. Specifically, it is achieved by setting a dynamic response energy-absorbing layer composed of a negative Poisson's ratio three-dimensional fabric skeleton and a shear thickening fluid. When impacted, this layer utilizes the in-plane shrinkage and densification effect of the negative Poisson's ratio structure, combined with the instantaneous dynamic hardening characteristics of the shear thickening fluid, to synergistically diffuse the impact energy laterally, thereby effectively suppressing back convex deformation and improving blunt force injury protection. 2. This invention can improve the protective performance of bulletproof helmets while ensuring that they are lightweight. Specifically, it uses a three-dimensional spacer fabric with a tensile effect as the energy-absorbing layer skeleton. This structure has a higher specific energy absorption efficiency per unit mass. Combined with the intelligent response characteristics of shear thickening fluid, the bulletproof V50 value can be effectively improved without significantly increasing the thickness and weight, thus solving the contradiction between protection and wearing comfort. 3. This invention achieves reliable protection against multiple ballistic impacts in bulletproof helmets. Specifically, it involves setting a TPU encapsulation film between the energy-absorbing layer and the outer layer. This encapsulation structure not only prevents the evaporation and leakage of shear thickening fluid, ensuring the long-term stability of product performance, but its interlayer adhesion also maintains the integrity of the structure after the first impact, preventing interlayer delamination and ensuring effective energy absorption capability in subsequent impacts.

[0014] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated helmet shell structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio three-dimensional fabric skeleton structure of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Front view structural diagram; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the BB cross-sectional structure; Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the manufacturing process of a partitioned, laminated composite bulletproof helmet.

[0017] The components represented by each number in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Helmet body; 2. Penetration-resistant hard outer shell layer; 3. STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy absorption layer; 4. Inner liner buffer layer; 5. Upper sealing film; 6. Lower sealing film; 7. Shear thickening fluid. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-9 As shown, the present invention is a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its manufacturing method, including a helmet body 1. The shell of the helmet body 1 is a functional partitioned laminated structure, which includes at least an anti-penetration layer 2, a dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3 and an inner lining buffer layer 4 from the outside to the inside. As the projectile-facing surface of the helmet, the anti-penetration layer 2 is mainly used to resist the initial penetration and fragmentation of the projectile. This layer is preferably made of multiple layers of high-strength, high-modulus fibers, such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, para-aramid fibers, unidirectional fabrics or woven fabrics, which are impregnated with resin and then laminated and cured to form a high-rigidity, high-strength hard shell, which is the first barrier against penetration.

[0021] A dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3 is stacked inside the penetration-resistant layer 2. This layer is made of composite materials and possesses a dual dynamic response and synergistic locking mechanism of structural densification and material phase transformation hardening. The dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3 includes a three-dimensional fabric skeleton with a negative Poisson's ratio (tensile) effect, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the unit structure of the skeleton is preferably a concave hexagon. When subjected to local compression by ballistic impact, the structure does not expand and thin outwards like traditional materials, but rather contracts laterally and densifies towards the impact center, thereby actively increasing the surface density of the material in the impact point area and tightening the fiber gaps.

[0022] All gaps and pores in the three-dimensional fabric skeleton are fully filled with shear thickening fluid 7, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the shear thickening fluid 7 is a non-Newtonian fluid that is liquid under normal conditions. It is formed by uniformly dispersing nanoscale dispersed phase particles (such as fumed silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes) in a liquid dispersion medium (such as polyethylene glycol PEG or polypropylene glycol PPG). The mass of the shear thickening fluid 7 preferably accounts for 15% to 45% of the mass of the three-dimensional fabric skeleton.

[0023] When a projectile impacts, the extremely high strain rate generated by the impact triggers two effects simultaneously: First, the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton contracts and aggregates towards the impact point; second, the shear thickening liquid 7 filled within the skeleton instantly transforms from liquid to solid under high-speed shearing, undergoing dynamic hardening. These two effects do not work independently but form a synergistic locking mechanism. The instantaneous solidification of the STF acts like glue, strongly locking the negative Poisson's ratio structure, which is in the process of shrinking and densifying, into a dense state, greatly limiting further fiber slippage. This dual locking mechanism of structure and material causes the overall stiffness of the layer to increase dramatically at the moment of impact, thereby efficiently dissipating the impact energy from the point stress to the surrounding plane laterally, rather than absorbing energy solely through the deformation of the back bulge.

[0024] To ensure the long-term stability of the shear thickening fluid 7 in the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3 and enhance interlayer bonding, such as Figure 5 As shown, an upper encapsulation film 5 is provided between the anti-penetration layer 2 and the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3, and a lower encapsulation film 6 is provided between the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer 3 and the inner liner buffer layer 4. The encapsulation film is preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, which can not only seal and prevent STF volatilization or leakage, but also act as an adhesive layer during hot pressing, enhancing the integrity of the overall laminated structure, improving anti-delamination ability and reliability of multiple ballistic protection.

[0025] The inner cushioning layer 4 is located on the innermost side and fits directly against the wearer's head. This layer is usually made of soft cushioning materials such as foam, gel or porous polymer. It is mainly used to absorb the residual impact energy dissipated by the first two layers, further improving wearing comfort and reducing blunt force trauma.

[0026] Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of fabrics with negative Poisson's ratio: Using a double needle bed warp knitting machine, at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, PBO fiber or carbon fiber is selected as raw material to weave a three-dimensional spaced fabric with at least one of the unit structures of concave hexagonal, double arrow structure or rotating polygonal structure. The fabric thickness is 2-5mm and has a negative Poisson's ratio effect. S2. Preparation of shear thickening solution: One of nano-silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes is used as the dispersed phase particle and added to a dispersion medium of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. The mass fraction of the dispersed phase particle is 50%-60%. The mixture is uniformly dispersed by mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration to obtain a stable shear thickening liquid 7. S3, Impregnation and Composite Treatment: The three-dimensional spacer fabric obtained in step S1 is completely immersed in the shear thickening liquid prepared in step S2 for 20-40 minutes. During this time, ultrasonic-assisted oscillation is applied to promote the shear thickening liquid 7 to fully penetrate into the fiber gaps and three-dimensional structure pores. After removal, excess liquid on the surface is removed by roller pressing. The weight gain rate of shear thickening liquid 7 is controlled to be 15%-45% of the fabric mass. Then, it is dried at 80°C to obtain the STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy absorption layer 3 prepreg. S4. Stacked encapsulation deployment: The following layers are laid in sequence: a hard, impermeable outer shell layer 2 prepreg, which is made of multiple layers of high-strength, high-modulus unidirectional fabric or woven fabric, an upper thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, one or more layers of STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy absorption layer 3 prepreg obtained in step S3, a lower thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, and an inner buffer layer 4 material. S5, Hot pressing and curing molding: The laminated structure laid in step S4 is placed into the helmet molding mold and subjected to temperature and pressure variable curing in a hot autoclave. The curing temperature is 100-120℃, the pressure is 4-6MPa, and the holding time is 20-40 minutes. After cooling and demolding, the helmet body 1 is obtained.

[0027] Working principle: When the projectile impacts the helmet body 1, the outer anti-penetration hard shell layer 2 first resists the initial penetration and breaks the projectile. Subsequently, the impact energy is transferred to the core STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy-absorbing layer 3. In this layer, the three-dimensional spaced fabric skeleton with a tensile effect undergoes local compression. Its concave hexagonal structure actively contracts and densifies towards the impact center, thus forming a high areal density barrier in the impact area. At the same time, the shear thickening liquid 7, impregnated and filled in the fiber gaps and three-dimensional pores of the skeleton, undergoes a rheological phase transition instantaneously under extremely high strain rate shear, changing from a liquid to a near-solid state, achieving dynamic hardening. This material phase transition process and the structural densification process of the fabric skeleton are synergistic and mutually locked. That is, the solidification effect of the shear thickening liquid 7 strongly anchors the negative Poisson's ratio structure in the densified state, greatly limiting the relative slippage between fibers, so that the energy-absorbing layer can withstand the impact instantaneous... The overall stiffness is dramatically enhanced, thus rapidly converting concentrated point impact energy into laterally diffused planar stress waves, which are efficiently dissipated through the entire structure. During this process, the upper thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film 5, located between the anti-penetration layer 2 and the energy-absorbing layer 3, and the lower thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film 6, located between the energy-absorbing layer 3 and the inner lining buffer layer 4, not only effectively seal the shear thickening liquid 7 to prevent its evaporation or leakage, ensuring long-term performance stability, but also act as an adhesive layer to enhance the interfacial bonding between layers, suppressing interlayer delamination after impact and improving the helmet's resistance to multiple impacts. Finally, the residual impact energy after the aforementioned multi-layer synergistic dissipation is further absorbed and dispersed by the innermost inner lining buffer layer 4, thereby achieving a significant reduction in back indentation depth, effective control of helmet weight, and a comprehensive improvement in blunt force trauma and multiple impact protection capabilities.

[0028] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its manufacturing method, comprising a helmet body (1), characterized in that, The shell of the helmet body (1) is a functionally partitioned laminated structure, which includes at least an anti-penetration layer (2), a dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3), and an inner lining buffer layer (4) from the outside to the inside. The dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3) made of composite material is stacked on the inner side of the anti-penetration layer (2), and the inner lining buffer layer (4) is disposed on the inner side of the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3). The anti-penetration layer (2) and the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3) are used to resist the penetration of the projectile. When the dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3) is subjected to ballistic impact, its structure undergoes in-plane shrinkage and densification, and its material undergoes dynamic hardening, thereby achieving lateral diffusion and absorption of impact energy in a coordinated manner. The inner lining buffer layer (4) is used to fit the head and attenuate residual impact.

2. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic response energy-absorbing layer (3) includes a three-dimensional fabric skeleton with a negative Poisson's ratio effect and a shear thickening liquid (7), wherein the shear thickening liquid (7) is filled in the skeleton.

3. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The unit structure of the three-dimensional fabric skeleton is a concave hexagonal structure.

4. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-dimensional fabric skeleton is made of at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, PBO fiber or carbon fiber.

5. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shear thickening liquid (7) includes dispersed phase particles and liquid dispersion medium. The dispersed phase particles are one of nano-silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes, and the dispersion medium is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.

6. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shear thickening fluid (7) accounts for 15% to 45% of the mass of the three-dimensional fabric skeleton.

7. The partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, An upper encapsulation film (5) is provided between the anti-penetration layer (2) and the dynamic response energy absorption layer (3), and a lower encapsulation film (6) is provided between the dynamic response energy absorption layer (3) and the inner liner buffer layer (4). The upper encapsulation film (5) and the lower encapsulation film (6) are used to seal the fluid material inside the dynamic response energy absorption layer (3).

8. A method for preparing a partitioned laminated composite bulletproof helmet as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of fabrics with negative Poisson's ratio: Using a double needle bed warp knitting machine, at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, PBO fiber or carbon fiber is selected as raw material to weave a three-dimensional spaced fabric with at least one of the unit structures of concave hexagonal, double arrow structure or rotating polygonal structure. The fabric thickness is 2-5mm and has a negative Poisson's ratio effect. S2. Preparation of shear thickening solution: One of nano-silica, PMMA microspheres or carbon nanotubes is used as the dispersed phase particle and added to the dispersion medium of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. The mass fraction of the dispersed phase particle is 50%-60%. After mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration, the dispersed phase is uniformly dispersed to obtain a stable shear thickening liquid (7). S3, Impregnation and Composite Treatment: The three-dimensional spacer fabric obtained in step S1 is completely immersed in the shear thickening liquid prepared in step S2 for 20-40 minutes. During this time, ultrasonic-assisted oscillation is applied to promote the shear thickening liquid (7) to fully penetrate into the fiber gaps and three-dimensional structure pores. After removal, excess liquid on the surface is removed by roller pressing. The weight gain rate of the shear thickening liquid (7) is controlled to be 15%-45% of the fabric mass. Then, it is dried at 80°C to obtain the STF negative Poisson's ratio synergistic energy absorption layer (3) prepreg. S4. Stacked encapsulation deployment: The following layers are laid in sequence: a hard shell layer (2) prepreg, which is made of multiple layers of high-strength and high-modulus unidirectional cloth or fabric, an upper layer of thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, one or more layers of STF negative Poisson ratio synergistic energy absorption layer (3) prepreg, a lower layer of thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulation film, and an inner buffer layer (4) material. S5, Hot pressing and curing molding: The laminated structure laid in step S4 is placed into the helmet molding mold and subjected to temperature and pressure variable curing in a hot autoclave. The curing temperature is 100-120℃, the pressure is 4-6MPa, and the holding time is 20-40 minutes. Then, it is cooled and demolded to obtain the helmet body (1).

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