Detection equipment and method for cylindrical shell

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment and a method for detecting a cylindrical shell. The equipment comprises a platform assembly, an active chuck assembly, a tailstock chuck assembly and a mobile detection assembly. The driving chuck assembly is fixed to one end of the platform and used for driving the shell to rotate. The tailstock chuck assembly can move in the axial direction to adapt to the length of the shell. The mobile detection assembly comprises a detection rack, an axial first linear module, a radial second linear module, a micro-motion platform and a linear laser sensor. During detection, the mobile detection assembly moves in the axial direction of the shell and rotates in cooperation with the shell, and non-contact scanning is conducted through the line laser sensor. According to the invention, efficient detection of the envelope circle of the large-size cylindrical shell is realized through an automatic mechanism, damage to the surface of the shell caused by traditional contact measurement is avoided, and the detection efficiency and safety are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rocket engine shell forming manufacturing, in particular to a detection device and method for cylindrical shell. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of rocket engine manufacturing, the cylindrical shell produced in batches is one of the key components, which needs to withstand the internal pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow and mechanical load such as shaft pressure. Such shell usually has regular size and certain length, and is often welded by multiple cylinder segments and shaft rings. After the shell is formed, the roundness and straightness of the cylinder must be detected to ensure that the subsequent process requirements are met.

[0003] The traditional detection method has many drawbacks: straightness detection usually uses a back plate to stick to the surface of the cylinder, and roundness detection uses a micrometer to stick to the surface of the cylinder, so that the cylinder rotates one revolution to read the extreme value. Due to the large size of the engine shell, these traditional contact detection methods are low in efficiency, the detection accuracy is greatly affected by human factors, the operation proficiency of workers is required to be very high, and there are certain operation safety hazards in the process of turning and measuring large-size shells. In addition, contact measurement can easily scratch the surface of the precision machined shell.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, non-contact and automated detection device and method. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above technical deficiencies and provide a detection device and method for cylindrical shell, which solves the technical problems of low detection efficiency, poor accuracy and easy damage to the surface of large-size shell in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above technical purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a detection device for cylindrical shell, comprising: a platform assembly; a driving chuck assembly fixedly arranged at one end of the platform assembly, used for clamping one end of the shell to be detected and driving it to rotate around the axis; a tail seat chuck assembly arranged on the platform assembly and located at the opposite side of the driving chuck assembly, used for clamping the other end of the shell to be detected, and the tail seat chuck assembly can move axially along the platform assembly; The movement detection assembly comprises a detection frame, a first linear module, a second linear module, a micro-motion platform and a line laser sensor. The first linear module is installed on the detection frame and moves linearly along the axial direction of the platform assembly. The second linear module is installed on the first linear module and moves in a direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the first linear module. The line laser sensor is installed on the moving end of the second linear module through the micro-motion platform.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the active chuck assembly comprises a spindle box, a servo drive mechanism, a transmission shaft, a synchronous pulley and a first three-jaw chuck. The spindle box is fixed on the platform assembly by a first locking bolt. The output end of the servo drive mechanism is connected with the transmission shaft through the synchronous pulley. The transmission shaft is rotatably arranged in the spindle box. The first three-jaw chuck is fixedly installed on the end of the transmission shaft.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the tail seat chuck assembly comprises a tail seat frame, a linear motion pair, a tail top and a second three-jaw chuck. The linear motion pair is arranged between the bottom of the tail seat frame and the platform assembly. The tail seat frame can slide along the axial direction. The second three-jaw chuck is rotatably installed on the tail seat frame through the tail top.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the first linear module is a gear and rack linear module. The gear and rack linear module comprises a servo motor, a speed reducer, a gear and a rack. The speed reducer is connected with the output end of the servo motor. The gear is connected with the output end of the speed reducer. The rack is arranged along the axial direction of the platform assembly and is engaged with the gear. The second linear module is a hand-operated linear module. The hand-operated linear module comprises a hand wheel, a lead screw and a nut seat. The lead screw is connected with the hand wheel. The nut seat is matched with the lead screw. The line laser sensor is installed on the nut seat through the micro-motion platform.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, a data processing unit is further included. The data processing unit is in communication connection with the line laser sensor. The data processing unit comprises a point cloud acquisition module and an envelope circle calculation module. The point cloud acquisition module is used for receiving the profile point cloud data collected by the line laser sensor. The envelope circle calculation module is used for calculating the envelope circle model of the shell to be detected.

[0011] In the second aspect, the present application further provides a detection method of a cylindrical shell, which is suitable for the detection device of the cylindrical shell according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect and comprises the following steps: S1. According to the length of the shell to be detected, the axial position of the tail seat chuck assembly on the platform assembly is adjusted and locked. S2. Clamping a reference piece on the active chuck assembly, and calibrating the radial reference position of the line laser sensor; S3. Clamping the shell to be detected between the active chuck assembly and the tailstock chuck assembly; S4. Controlling the active chuck assembly to rotate the shell to be detected, and controlling the movement detection assembly to move along the axial direction of the shell to be detected, so that the line laser sensor performs scanning on the surface to obtain detection data.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, in the step of clamping a reference piece on the active chuck assembly, and calibrating the radial reference position of the line laser sensor, the step comprises: moving the line laser sensor to the reference piece by adjusting the second linear module; and then precisely aligning the laser beam with the reference surface by adjusting the micro-motion platform, and setting the position as the measurement zero point.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, in the step of clamping the shell to be detected between the active chuck assembly and the tailstock chuck assembly, the step comprises: monitoring the radial run-out amount at the chuck at both ends of the shell by using a dial indicator or the line laser sensor in the rotating state of the shell; and adjusting the first and second three-jaw chucks to correct the centering of the shell until the run-out amount is controlled within a predetermined range.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, in the step of controlling the active chuck assembly to rotate the shell to be detected, and controlling the movement detection assembly to move along the axial direction of the shell to be detected, the step comprises: continuously feeding the movement detection assembly in the axial direction while the active chuck assembly continuously rotates, and the line laser sensor collects surface point cloud data on a spiral track.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further comprises a step of rechecking a suspicious deformation region, comprising the following steps: comparing the point cloud data collected by the line laser sensor with a standard model, automatically identifying a region with a deviation value exceeding a tolerance range, and determining the axial position coordinates of the region; controlling the movement detection assembly to move the line laser sensor to the axial position coordinates, and performing point measurement or local scanning on the region to obtain rechecking data; confirming the deformation state of the region according to the rechecking data.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the present application has the beneficial technical effects including: Compared with the traditional method for detecting the envelope circle of a large-size shell, the active chuck is combined with the tailstock chuck to rotate, and the axial and radial movements of the mobile detection assembly are combined, so that the overall automatic scanning of the shell can be quickly completed, and the detection efficiency is significantly improved. Meanwhile, the non-contact distance measurement is performed by using the linear laser sensor, so that the shell surface structure is prevented from being damaged in the detection process, and the dependence on the operation proficiency of workers is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows: Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cylindrical shell in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a detection device in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an active chuck assembly in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a tailstock chuck assembly in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a mobile detection assembly in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 is a flowchart of a detection method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] Reference signs: 1 - shell to be detected; 2 - platform assembly; 3 - active chuck assembly; 4 - tailstock chuck assembly; 5 - mobile detection assembly; 101 - barrel segment; 102 - shaft ring; 301 - first three-jaw chuck; 302 - spindle box; 303 - first locking bolt; 304 - servo driving mechanism; 305 - transmission shaft; 306 - synchronous pulley; 401 - second three-jaw chuck; 402 - tailstock top; 403 - tailstock frame; 404 - linear motion pair; 405 - second locking bolt; 501 - detection frame; 502 - second linear module; 503 - first linear module; 504 - micro-motion platform; 505 - linear laser sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below by combining with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in this specification, the term "comprising" is an open-ended expression, meaning that the stated feature is present but other features are excluded. Directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" refer to exemplary directions based on the accompanying drawings. Features specified as "first" or "second" implicitly include one or more of that feature. Singular expressions can also be used in plural forms. "Multiple" means two or more. The terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and it can be a connection within two components. Furthermore, "linked" can include wireless connections.

[0021] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a detection device and method for cylindrical shells, which solves the technical problems of low detection efficiency, poor accuracy and easy surface damage of large-size shells in the prior art.

[0022] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a detection device for cylindrical shells, used to detect cylindrical shells 1 to be tested, mainly including a platform assembly 2, an active chuck assembly 3, a tailstock chuck assembly 4, and a moving detection assembly 5.

[0023] Platform assembly 2 serves as the basic support component for the entire equipment, and its upper surface is machined with T-slots for installation and guidance.

[0024] The active chuck assembly 3 is fixedly mounted at one end of the platform assembly 2, and is used to clamp one end of the housing 1 to be tested and provide rotational power to drive the housing to rotate around its axis.

[0025] The tailstock chuck assembly 4 is mounted on the platform assembly 2 and located on the opposite side of the active chuck assembly 3. The tailstock chuck assembly 4 is used to clamp the other end of the housing 1 to be tested, serving as an auxiliary support and centering mechanism. The tailstock chuck assembly 4 can move axially along the platform assembly 2 to accommodate cylindrical housings of different lengths.

[0026] The moving detection assembly 5 is arranged between the active chuck assembly 3 and the tailstock chuck assembly 4. This assembly includes a detection frame 501, a first linear module 503, a second linear module 502, a micro-motion platform 504, and a line laser sensor 505. The first linear module 503 is mounted on the detection frame 501 and drives the detection components to move linearly along the axial direction of the platform assembly 2, achieving coverage along the length of the housing. The second linear module 502 is mounted on the first linear module 503, and its movement direction is perpendicular to the movement direction of the first linear module 503, i.e., radial, used to adjust the distance between the sensor and the housing surface. The line laser sensor 505 is mounted on the moving end of the second linear module 502 via the micro-motion platform 504.

[0027] Working principle: The housing 1 to be inspected is clamped between the active chuck assembly 3 and the tailstock chuck assembly 4. After the equipment is started, the active chuck assembly 3 drives the housing to rotate, realizing the basic motion of circumferential scanning. At the same time, the moving detection assembly 5 uses the first linear module 503 to drive the line laser sensor 505 to move axially, and uses the second linear module 502 to adjust the sensor height to adapt to the diameter of the housing. The line laser sensor 505 emits laser light and receives reflected signals, acquiring contour data of the housing surface in real time.

[0028] This embodiment utilizes a modular design to achieve fully automated rotation and axial scanning of large-sized housings. Compared to traditional manual handheld measuring tools, this device can efficiently acquire the overall envelope circle data of the housing, and the non-contact measurement method avoids scratching the surface of the precision housing, significantly improving inspection efficiency and safety.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a detailed description of the active chuck assembly 3. The active chuck assembly 3 includes a spindle box 302, a servo drive mechanism 304, a drive shaft 305, a synchronous pulley 306, and a first three-jaw chuck 301.

[0030] The spindle box 302 is fixed to the platform assembly 2 by engaging with the T-slot on the platform assembly 2 via the first locking bolt 303. The servo drive mechanism 304 includes a servo motor and a reducer, and its output end is connected to the drive shaft 305 via a synchronous pulley 306 to achieve speed reduction, torque increase, and power transmission. The drive shaft 305 is rotatably mounted inside the spindle box 302 via bearings to ensure rotational accuracy. The first three-jaw chuck 301 is fixedly mounted on the end of the drive shaft 305 for gripping the housing.

[0031] The servo drive mechanism 304 receives a control signal and rotates, driving the transmission shaft 305 to rotate smoothly via the synchronous belt pulley 306. This, in turn, drives the first three-jaw chuck 301 and the clamped housing 1 to perform precise angular rotation. The use of a servo motor in conjunction with a reducer and synchronous belt drive ensures the smoothness of the housing rotation, the controllability of the speed, and the accuracy of rotational positioning. It also eliminates the influence of vibration on the laser measurement data, thus improving the data acquisition quality for circumferential detection.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a detailed description of the tailstock chuck assembly 4. The tailstock chuck assembly 4 includes a tailstock frame 403, a linear motion pair 404, a tailstock top 402, and a second three-jaw chuck 401.

[0033] The linear motion pair 404 specifically comprises a linear guide rail and a slider, positioned between the bottom of the tailstock frame 403 and the platform assembly 2, allowing the tailstock frame 403 to slide smoothly along the platform axis. The tailstock frame 403 is also equipped with a second locking bolt 405, used to lock it into the T-slot of the platform after the position is adjusted. The second three-jaw chuck 401 is rotatably mounted on the tailstock frame 403 via the tail top 402, meaning the second three-jaw chuck 401 can rotate freely with the housing.

[0034] Depending on the shell length, loosen the second locking bolt 405, push the tailstock frame 403 to the appropriate position via the linear motion pair 404, and then lock it in place. During clamping, the second three-jaw chuck 401 clamps the end of the shell, and the tail tip 402 bears the axial and radial loads, allowing the chuck to rotate synchronously with the driving end. This structure enables rapid adaptation to shells of different lengths, and ensures coaxiality of the shell during rotation through the tail tip and the follower chuck, reducing bending deformation caused by the cantilever of long shells and ensuring the stability of the testing reference.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a detailed description of the drive components in the motion detection assembly 5. The first linear module 503 is preferably a rack and pinion linear module, which includes a servo motor, a reducer, a gear, and a rack. The reducer is connected to the output end of the servo motor, the gear is connected to the output end of the reducer, and the rack is laid along the axial direction of the platform assembly 2 and meshes with the gear. The second linear module 502 is preferably a hand-cranked linear module, including a handwheel, a lead screw, and a nut seat. The lead screw is connected to the handwheel, the nut seat engages with the lead screw, and the line laser sensor 505 is mounted on the nut seat via a micro-motion platform 504.

[0036] In the axial direction (X-axis), a servo motor drives a gear to roll on a rack, propelling the inspection frame 501 in a long-distance, high-speed linear movement to cover the entire length of the housing. In the radial direction (Y / Z axes), the operator rotates a handwheel to drive a lead screw, causing the nut seat to move the sensor up, down, forward, or backward to accommodate housings of different diameters (wide-range coarse adjustment). The axial drive uses a rack and pinion mechanism, ensuring rigidity and speed for long-stroke movement, suitable for inspecting large housings. The radial drive uses a hand-cranked module, simple and reliable in structure, allowing workers to quickly make wide-range adjustments based on the nominal diameter of different batches of housings. After coarse adjustment, a fine adjustment is made radially using a micro-motion platform to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0037] This embodiment relates to the data processing section of the device. The device also includes a data processing unit, typically an industrial control computer or a host computer, which is communicatively connected to the line laser sensor 505. The data processing unit includes a point cloud acquisition module and an envelope circle calculation module. The point cloud acquisition module receives contour point cloud data acquired at high speed by the line laser sensor 505, containing depth and angle information. The envelope circle calculation module processes the acquired data using the least squares method or other fitting algorithms to calculate the actual envelope circle model, roundness error, and straightness error of the shell 1 to be inspected.

[0038] The line laser sensor 505 converts the physical contour into a digital signal and transmits it to the data processing unit. The internal software of the unit constructs a three-dimensional model of the shell in real time and compares it with the theoretical CAD model or standard process parameters. Through digital acquisition and algorithm processing, real-time recording, model-based analysis, and automatic storage of detection data are achieved, avoiding errors from manual reading and calculation, and facilitating subsequent quantitative judgment and traceability of shell quality.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for detecting cylindrical shells based on the above-mentioned equipment, including the following steps: Step S1: Based on the length of the housing 1 to be tested, loosen the second locking bolt 405 of the tailstock chuck assembly 4, adjust its axial position on the platform assembly 2 along the linear motion pair 404, and tighten it after confirming that the position is appropriate.

[0040] Step S2: Mount a standard alignment reference ring or reference plate on the active chuck assembly 3, adjust the position of the moving detection assembly 5, and calibrate the radial reference position of the laser sensor 505.

[0041] Step S3: Remove the reference ring, hoist the housing 1 to be tested, and clamp its two ends between the first three-jaw chuck 301 of the active chuck assembly 3 and the second three-jaw chuck 401 of the tailstock chuck assembly 4.

[0042] Step S4: Control the active chuck assembly 3 to drive the housing 1 to be tested to rotate, and at the same time control the moving detection assembly 5 to move along the axial direction of the housing 1 to be tested. The line laser sensor 505 continues to work to scan its surface to obtain detection data.

[0043] This method establishes a complete inspection workflow through standardized procedures, from equipment adjustment and benchmark calibration to automatic scanning. This streamlined operation standardizes worker behavior, ensuring consistent initial conditions for each inspection, thereby guaranteeing the repeatability and reliability of the results.

[0044] This embodiment refines the calibration process in step S2. When calibrating the radial reference position of the line laser sensor 505, the operator first coarsely adjusts the hand-cranked linear module 502 to quickly move the line laser sensor 505 near the reference component. Then, the micro-adjustment platform 504 is adjusted for fine-tuning, and data feedback is observed to ensure the laser beam is precisely aligned with the reference surface, such as the highest point of the outer diameter of the reference ring, and this position is set as the measurement zero point (absolute or relative value) in the system.

[0045] A two-stage adjustment strategy of "coarse adjustment + fine adjustment" is adopted. The hand-cranked coarse adjustment improves the efficiency of switching between shells of different diameters, while the fine adjustment of the micro-motion platform ensures the micron-level accuracy of the measurement starting point and eliminates the influence of mechanical zero-return error on the measurement results.

[0046] This embodiment refines the clamping and alignment process in step S3. After clamping the housing 1 to be inspected, the radial runout at both ends of the housing is monitored using a dial indicator or directly using a line laser sensor 505 while the housing is rotating at a low speed. Based on the runout value, the operator fine-tunes the clamping position of the jaws of the first three-jaw chuck 301 and the second three-jaw chuck 401 on the housing until the runout is controlled within the predetermined range required by the process documents.

[0047] The physical alignment process ensures that the rotation axis of the housing coincides as closely as possible with the physical rotation axis of the equipment. This minimizes measurement system errors caused by clamping eccentricity, ensuring that the envelope circle data obtained from subsequent scanning accurately reflects the shape of the housing itself, rather than clamping errors.

[0048] This embodiment optimizes the scanning method in step S4. During scanning control, a spiral scanning mode is adopted: the active chuck assembly 3 rotates continuously at a constant speed, while the moving detection assembly 5 continuously feeds axially at a constant speed. At this time, the trajectory collected by the line laser sensor 505 on the surface of the housing is a continuous spiral line, thereby acquiring point cloud data for the entire surface.

[0049] Full coverage is achieved through interpolation linkage of two motion axes. Compared to traditional segmented scanning methods, helical scanning significantly shortens the detection cycle and can more continuously reflect the overall morphological changes of the shell surface.

[0050] This embodiment adds a step to verify suspicious deformation areas to improve the reliability of the detection. The specific steps are as follows: The data processing unit compares the preliminary point cloud data collected by the line laser sensor 505 with the standard model.

[0051] The algorithm automatically identifies areas (suspicious points) where the deviation value exceeds the tolerance range and records their axial position coordinates.

[0052] The control movement detection assembly 5 is rapidly retracted or advanced, causing the line laser sensor 505 to move to the axial position coordinate.

[0053] Perform point-to-point measurements (with the housing rotating and the sensor axis remaining stationary) or local high-density scanning on the area to obtain verification data.

[0054] Based on the verification data, it is confirmed whether the area is a real deformation defect or sensor noise (such as dust or reflective interference), and the deformation status is finally determined.

[0055] By using full inspection data to screen for anomalies and then confirming authenticity through targeted verification, the system effectively distinguishes between occasional noise signals generated by sensors and genuine housing defects, avoiding misjudgments and improving the accuracy of the final inspection report.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the cylindrical housing 1 to be tested is welded together from multiple cylindrical sections 101 and a collar 102. Before testing, according to the length of the housing to be tested, the second locking bolt 405 on the tailstock chuck assembly 4 should be loosened, the tailstock frame 403 should be pushed to slide along the linear motion pair 404 to a suitable position, and then the second locking bolt 405 should be tightened to fix it.

[0057] After the inspection is completed, according to the process document requirements and the generated data table, the operator can use a marker to mark the confirmed deformation locations on the shell body so that subsequent processes can make corrections.

[0058] The entire platform assembly 2 has T-slots. Both the spindle box 302 of the active chuck assembly 3 and the tailstock frame 403 are fixed by locking bolts engaging with nuts in the T-slots. This connection method provides good rigidity and facilitates position adjustment.

[0059] Combining the flexibility of mechanical structures with the intuitiveness of manual marking, the T-slot structure offers excellent versatility; the manual marking process maps digital inspection results to physical entities, facilitating subsequent closed-loop manufacturing processes.

[0060] Considering that rocket engine casings are mostly thin-walled, weakly rigid, and large-sized parts, they are prone to deformation due to their own weight under long-span clamping. This embodiment adds an anti-sagging auxiliary support device to the equipment. This device is installed on the platform assembly 2 between the active chuck assembly 3 and the tailstock chuck assembly 4. The support device includes a pneumatic lifting mechanism and flexible polyurethane rollers at the top. The rollers abut against the bottom outer wall of the casing 1 to be tested.

[0061] The pneumatic mechanism provides an upward supporting force, which is preset according to the theoretical weight model of the shell. This force precisely counteracts the deflection caused by the shell's gravity, preventing the shell from deforming upwards. This effectively solves the deformation problem of thin-walled shells with large aspect ratios due to their own weight, improves the detection accuracy of the envelope circle and straightness, and prevents misjudgments caused by gravity deformation.

[0062] In addition to the line laser sensor 505, this embodiment also integrates and installs an ultrasonic thickness measuring probe next to the micro-motion platform 504.

[0063] Simultaneously or subsequently, during or after laser scanning of the outer contour, the ultrasonic probe measures the shell wall thickness via couplant contact or water immersion. The data processing unit combines the outer contour data (outer diameter) and wall thickness data to derive the envelope shape of the inner surface of the shell through calculation (outer diameter - wall thickness × 2).

[0064] It achieves integrated testing of "shape and wall thickness", which can comprehensively evaluate whether the shell meets the pressure resistance design requirements, avoids multiple clamping and handling, and greatly shortens the testing cycle.

[0065] This embodiment improves the clamping method of the active chuck assembly 3 and the tailstock chuck assembly 4. Thin-film pressure sensors are integrated on the inner sides of the jaws of the first three-jaw chuck 301 and the second three-jaw chuck 401 and connected to the control system.

[0066] During clamping, the system monitors the clamping force in real time. When the clamping force reaches a preset threshold (which is set based on the compressive strength of the thin-walled shell and is relatively small), it automatically stops clamping or issues an alarm to prompt the worker to stop applying force. This prevents elastic or plastic deformation of the end of the thin-walled cylindrical shell due to excessive force applied manually, ensuring the shape accuracy of the detection reference circle and further improving the reliability of the detection.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: Using the platform assembly as a high-precision base, a tailstock chuck assembly that can move axially cooperates with a fixed drive chuck assembly to achieve stable clamping and rotational drive of cylindrical shells of different lengths. The motion detection assembly uses a servo-driven rack and pinion mechanism to achieve long-stroke axial feed, and a hand-cranked module and micro-motion platform to achieve coarse and fine radial adjustments. A line laser sensor is equipped to perform non-contact helical scanning of the rotating shell. The collected data is analyzed by the processing unit to obtain the envelope circle model and error.

[0068] Automated rotation and scanning replace manual measurement, significantly reducing inspection time, especially for large housings. Non-contact laser measurement eliminates the risk of scratching the workpiece surface and also reduces the safety risks for operators handling large measuring tools. High inspection accuracy is ensured through micro-motion platform fine-tuning, spiral scanning, anomaly point verification, and optional auxiliary support; the movable tailstock and radial adjustment mechanism allow it to adapt to the inspection of various housing sizes. Digital inspection reports are generated directly, facilitating the storage, traceability, and process improvement of quality data.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that the steps, measures, and schemes in the various operations, methods, processes, and procedures discussed in this application can be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

[0070] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for inspecting a cylindrical shell, characterized by: It comprises: a platform assembly; a driving chuck assembly fixedly arranged at one end of the platform assembly, used for clamping one end of a shell to be detected and driving it to rotate around an axis; a tailstock chuck assembly arranged on the platform assembly and located at the opposite side of the driving chuck assembly, used for clamping the other end of the shell to be detected, and the tailstock chuck assembly is axially movable along the platform assembly; a movement detection assembly, which comprises a detection frame, a first linear module, a second linear module, a micro-motion platform and a line laser sensor, the first linear module is installed on the detection frame and moves linearly along the axial direction of the platform assembly, the second linear module is installed on the first linear module and moves in a direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the first linear module, and the line laser sensor is installed on the moving end of the second linear module through the micro-motion platform.

2. The apparatus for inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 1, wherein The driving chuck assembly comprises a spindle box, a servo driving mechanism, a transmission shaft, a synchronous pulley and a first three-jaw chuck, the spindle box is fixed on the platform assembly through a first locking bolt, the output end of the servo driving mechanism is connected with the transmission shaft through the synchronous pulley, and the transmission shaft is rotatably arranged in the spindle box, and the first three-jaw chuck is fixedly installed at the end of the transmission shaft.

3. The apparatus for inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 1, wherein The tailstock chuck assembly comprises a tailstock frame, a linear motion pair, a tailstock top and a second three-jaw chuck, the linear motion pair is arranged between the bottom of the tailstock frame and the platform assembly, the tailstock frame is axially slidable, and the second three-jaw chuck is rotatably installed on the tailstock frame through the tailstock top.

4. The apparatus for inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 1, wherein The first linear module is a gear and rack linear module, which comprises a servo motor, a speed reducer, a gear and a rack, the speed reducer is connected with the output end of the servo motor, the gear is connected with the output end of the speed reducer, and the rack is arranged along the axial direction of the platform assembly and engaged with the gear; The second linear module is a hand-operated linear module, which comprises a hand wheel, a screw rod and a nut seat, the screw rod is connected with the hand wheel, the nut seat is matched with the screw rod, and the line laser sensor is installed on the nut seat through the micro-motion platform.

5. The apparatus for inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises a data processing unit, which is in communication connection with the line laser sensor, and the data processing unit comprises a point cloud acquisition module and an envelope circle calculation module, the point cloud acquisition module is used for receiving the profile point cloud data collected by the line laser sensor, and the envelope circle calculation module is used for calculating the envelope circle model of the shell to be detected.

6. A method of inspecting a cylindrical shell, characterized by, The detection equipment suitable for the cylindrical shell as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 comprises the following steps: According to the length of the shell to be detected, the axial position of the tailstock chuck assembly on the platform assembly is adjusted and locked; A reference part is clamped on the driving chuck assembly, and the radial reference position of the line laser sensor is calibrated; The shell to be detected is clamped between the driving chuck assembly and the tailstock chuck assembly; The main chuck assembly drives the shell to rotate, and the moving detection assembly moves along the axial direction of the shell to make the line laser sensor scan the surface of the shell to obtain detection data.

7. The method of inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 6, wherein In the step of calibrating the radial reference position of the line laser sensor on the main chuck assembly, the following steps are included: The second linear module is adjusted to move the line laser sensor to the reference member; The laser beam is accurately aligned with the reference surface by adjusting the micro-motion platform, and the position is set as the measurement zero point.

8. The method of inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 6, wherein In the step of clamping the shell between the main chuck assembly and the tail seat chuck assembly, the following steps are included: Under the rotating state of the shell, the radial run-out at the chuck ends of the shell is monitored by using the dial indicator or the line laser sensor; The first and second three-jaw chucks are adjusted to correct the centering of the shell until the run-out is controlled within the predetermined range.

9. The method of inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 6, wherein, In the step of controlling the main chuck assembly to drive the shell to rotate while controlling the moving detection assembly to move along the axial direction of the shell, the following steps are included: While the main chuck assembly continuously rotates, the moving detection assembly continuously feeds axially, and the line laser sensor collects surface point cloud data on the spiral trajectory.

10. The method of inspecting a cylindrical shell according to claim 6, wherein The method further includes a step of reviewing suspicious deformation areas, including the following steps: The point cloud data collected by the line laser sensor is compared with the standard model to automatically identify areas with deviation values exceeding the tolerance range and determine their axial position coordinates; The moving detection assembly drives the line laser sensor to move to the axial position coordinates, and the area is measured or scanned to obtain review data; The deformation state of the area is confirmed according to the review data.

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