Intelligent blood gas analysis system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blood gas acid-base equilibrium analysis, and provides an intelligent blood gas analysis system which comprises an information acquisition module. The data verification module is configured to verify the accuracy of each blood gas index parameter; the data analysis module is configured to analyze the pulmonary alveolar ventilation function state of the patient and analyze the oxygenation state of the patient according to each blood gas index parameter; the acid-base balance analysis module is configured to judge the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters; the balance disorder analysis module is configured to determine the reason and the type of the acid-base imbalance caused by the acid-base imbalance according to each blood-gas index parameter; the acid-base imbalance judgment module is configured to calculate the compensation reasonability according to the reason and the type of the acid-base imbalance; and a result output module. According to the invention, multiple modules are arranged to cooperate with each other, so that data acquisition comprehensiveness and inspection and calculation standardization can be realized, and comprehensiveness and accuracy of analysis results can be guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blood gas acid-base balance analysis, in particular to a blood gas intelligent analysis system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Arterial blood gas analysis is crucial in modern clinical medicine, and accurate and timely blood gas analysis results can provide key diagnostic evidence for doctors, helping to quickly determine the physical condition of the patient and develop a reasonable treatment plan.

[0003] In related technologies, blood gas analysis mainly relies on medical personnel to make judgments through compensation formula calculation, which is affected by factors such as clinical experience and analysis method selection of medical personnel, which may lead to fluctuations in the reliability of the analysis results, and is not conducive to improving the accuracy of blood gas analysis results. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a blood gas intelligent analysis system to improve the accuracy of blood gas analysis results.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present application is as follows: A blood gas intelligent analysis system, comprising: an information acquisition module configured to acquire clinical information of a patient and acquire various blood gas index parameters of arterial blood; a data verification module configured to verify the accuracy of each of the blood gas index parameters; a data analysis module configured to analyze the alveolar ventilation function state of the patient and analyze the oxygenation state of the patient according to each of the blood gas index parameters; an acid-base balance analysis module configured to determine the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters; a balance disorder analysis module configured to determine the cause of acid-base imbalance and the type of acid-base imbalance according to each of the blood gas index parameters; an acid-base imbalance judgment module configured to calculate the compensation reasonableness according to the acid-base imbalance cause and the acid-base imbalance type; a result output module configured to display the analysis results of the data analysis module, the acid-base balance analysis module, the balance disorder analysis module, and the mixed acid-base imbalance judgment module.

[0006] Further, the blood gas intelligent analysis system further comprises a cause classification module configured to calculate the anion gap value in combination with the acid-base imbalance type, and determine whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

[0007] Further, the blood gas intelligent analysis system further comprises a mixed imbalance analysis module configured to calculate a bicarbonate gap value according to the anion gap value, and determine whether a triple acid-base imbalance exists.

[0008] Further, the clinical information at least includes age, gender, body temperature, and oxygen concentration, and / or the blood gas index parameters at least include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl-, and SaO2.

[0009] Further, the specific steps of verifying the accuracy of each blood gas index parameter include: calculating the H+ concentration value according to Formula One: H+= 24* [PaCO2] / [HCO3-]; selecting the last two digits after the decimal point of the pH value; adding the H+ concentration value and the last two digits after the decimal point of the pH value to obtain a verification value; comparing whether the verification value is within the normal range of 75-85, if the verification value is within the normal range, marking the blood gas index parameter as reliable; and if the verification value is outside the normal range, marking the blood gas index parameter as suspicious.

[0010] Further, the specific steps of analyzing the alveolar ventilation function state of the patient according to each blood gas index parameter include: obtaining PaCO2 data from the blood gas index parameters; determining whether PaCO2 is between 35-45 mmHg; if PaCO2>45 mmHg, indicating alveolar hypoventilation; if PaCO2<35 mmHg, indicating alveolar hyperventilation; and if 35 mmHg≤PaCO2≤45 mmHg, indicating that the ventilation function is basically normal; and / or, The specific steps of analyzing the oxygenation state of the patient according to each blood gas index parameter include: obtaining an oxygenation index according to Formula Two: Oxygenation Index=PaO2 / FiO2, determining whether the oxygenation index is within the expected range, and determining the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the oxygenation index; obtaining alveolar oxygen partial pressure value according to Formula Three: PAO2=[FiO2*(Patm-PH2O)]-0.8PaCO2, and obtaining alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference value according to Formula Four: P(A-a)O2=PAO2-PaO2, and determining whether there is a gas exchange disorder in the lung according to the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference; and obtaining arterial blood oxygen content value according to Formula Five: CaO2=(Hb*1.38*SaO2)+(PaO2*0.0031), which is used to evaluate the ability of blood to deliver oxygen to tissues.

[0011] Further, the specific steps of determining the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters include: obtaining the pH value from the blood gas index parameters; comparing whether the pH satisfies 7.35≤pH≤7.45; if pH<7.35, indicating acidemia; if pH>7.45, indicating alkalosis; and / or, The specific steps for determining the cause and type of acid-base imbalance according to the blood gas index parameters include: obtaining the pH value and the PaCO2 value from the blood gas index parameters; comparing the pH value and the PaCO2 value with the preset standard value, respectively; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are higher than the preset standard value, it indicates metabolic alkalosis; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are lower than the preset standard value, it indicates metabolic acidosis; if the pH value is higher than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is lower than the preset standard value, it indicates respiratory alkalosis; if the pH value is lower than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is higher than the preset standard value, it indicates respiratory acidosis.

[0012] Further, the specific steps for calculating the compensatory rationality according to the cause and type of acid-base imbalance include: determining the cause and type of acid-base imbalance; analyzing and calculating the compensatory rationality according to the cause and type of acid-base imbalance; if the pH value is lower than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is higher than the preset standard value, the expected HCO3- increase value is calculated from the PaCO2 increase value, and the expected HCO3- increase value is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are lower than the preset standard value, the expected PaCO2 value is obtained from the pH value, and the expected PaCO2 value is compared with the measured PaCO2 value to determine whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis exists; if the pH value is higher than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is lower than the preset standard value, the expected HCO3- decrease value is calculated from the PaCO2 increase value, and the expected HCO3- decrease value is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are higher than the preset standard value, the expected PaCO2 increase value is calculated from the HCO3- increase value, and the expected PaCO2 increase value is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists.

[0013] Further, in combination with the type of acid-base imbalance, the anion gap value is calculated to determine whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis, and the specific steps include: determining whether the pH value and the PaCO2 value are both lower than the preset standard value; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are lower than the preset standard value, the anion gap value is obtained according to Formula Six: AG = [Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]), and it is determined whether the anion gap value is higher than the normal value reference range; if it is higher than the normal reference value range, it is diagnosed as high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

[0014] Further, according to the anion gap value, the bicarbonate gap value is calculated, and the specific steps of judging whether triple acid-base imbalance exists in combination include: obtaining Na+ and Cl- values; obtaining a bicarbonate gap calculation value according to formula seven: bicarbonate gap = [Na+] - [Cl-] - 39; comparing the bicarbonate gap value with the normal value; if the bicarbonate gap calculation value is greater than the bicarbonate gap value normal value, it is prompted that metabolic alkalosis exists in combination; if the bicarbonate gap calculation value is less than the bicarbonate gap value normal value, it is prompted that non-anion gap metabolic acidosis exists in combination.

[0015] Compared with the related art, the present application has the following advantages: (1) The blood gas intelligent analysis system described in the present application acquires the clinical information of the patient and various blood gas index parameters of the arterial blood by setting the information acquisition module, which provides a comprehensive data basis for subsequent data verification and analysis work. At the same time, the cooperation of multiple modules helps to realize the standardization of data collection, testing and calculation, thereby helping to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis results.

[0016] (2) By combining the etiology classification module and the acid-base imbalance judgment module, through progressive analysis of the test data, it can help to improve the refinement of acid-base imbalance etiology diagnosis, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of etiology judgment.

[0017] (3) By setting the mixed imbalance analysis module, it is helpful to accurately identify the complex acid-base imbalance state, and can effectively avoid the situation that the single imbalance type analysis is insufficient and multiple imbalances are missed.

[0018] (4) By setting the clinical information including age, gender, body temperature and oxygen concentration, the analysis can be more in line with the individual situation of the patient, and the analysis pertinence is improved. At the same time, the combination of clinical information and various blood gas index parameters can help to avoid the situation that the analysis deviation is caused by individual differences, and help to improve the accuracy of data analysis.

[0019] (5) By setting the data verification module to select the last two digits of the pH value, and by adding the H+ concentration value to the value to obtain a verification value, the effect of correlating and checking the calculated H+ concentration with the directly detected pH value is achieved, a double data cross-verification logic is constructed, and the reliability of the verification result is improved.

[0020] (6) By setting the system to include alveolar ventilation function and oxygenation state, multi-dimensional evaluation from ventilation to oxygenation, from macro to micro is realized, which helps to improve the analysis structure accuracy and better meet the needs of clinical diagnosis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are intended to provide further understanding of the present application by presenting illustrative embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The drawings provided in the present application are used to explain the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions serve to explain the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 Flow chart of the blood gas intelligent analysis system according to the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the technical solutions of the present application and the advantages thereof clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0024] In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that if terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like appear, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, if the terms "first", "second" and the like appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the terms "mount", "connect", "connection", "connector" should be understood broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection between two elements inside. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in combination with the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0027] The application will be described in detail below through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that the elements, structures, and features in one embodiment can also be beneficially combined into other embodiments without further description.

[0028] The embodiment of the application provides a blood gas intelligent analysis system, which can acquire clinical information of a patient and various blood gas index parameters of arterial blood, analyze blood gas analysis results of the patient, and help improve blood gas analysis result accuracy.

[0029] In the related art, blood gas analysis mainly depends on medical personnel to make judgments through compensation formula calculation, and is affected by factors such as clinical experience and analysis method selection of the medical personnel, so that the analysis result reliability fluctuates, and the blood gas analysis result accuracy is not improved.

[0030] In view of this, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the related art, in the blood gas intelligent analysis system of the embodiment, the blood gas index parameters of the patient are analyzed by combining Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the overall design includes an information acquisition module, a data verification module, a data analysis module, an acid-base balance analysis module, a balance disorder analysis module, an acid-base imbalance judgment module, and a result output module.

[0031] The information acquisition module is configured to acquire clinical information of a patient and acquire various blood gas index parameters of arterial blood; the data verification module is configured to verify the accuracy of the various blood gas index parameters; the data analysis module is configured to analyze the alveolar ventilation function state of the patient and analyze the oxygenation state of the patient according to the various blood gas index parameters; the acid-base balance analysis module is configured to judge the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters; the balance disorder analysis module is configured to determine the cause of acid-base imbalance and the type of acid-base imbalance according to the various blood gas index parameters; the acid-base imbalance judgment module is configured to calculate the compensation rationality according to the cause of acid-base imbalance and the type of acid-base imbalance; and the result output module is configured to display the analysis results of the data analysis module, the acid-base balance analysis module, the balance disorder analysis module, and the mixed acid-base imbalance judgment module.

[0032] Therefore, by setting the information acquisition module to acquire the clinical information of the patient and the various blood gas index parameters of the arterial blood, a comprehensive data basis is provided for subsequent data verification and analysis work. At the same time, by setting multiple modules to cooperate, the data collection is made comprehensive, and the testing and calculation are standardized, so as to help ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis results.

[0033] Based on the overall introduction above, it is worth noting that the blood gas intelligent analysis system runs in a computing device of a computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, and a cloud data center.

[0034] Specifically, when the information acquisition module acquires the clinical information of the patient and the various blood gas index parameters of the arterial blood, a manual input form can be adopted, and the blood gas intelligent analysis system can also be connected with an arterial blood sampling and analysis device, so that the analysis data of the sampling device can be directly transmitted to the blood gas intelligent analysis system. Specifically, the arterial blood sampling and analysis device can be a blood gas detector, so as to be able to collect the various blood gas index parameters of the arterial blood of the patient.

[0035] It is worth noting that the analysis result displayed by the result output module is presented on a computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer or the like. Moreover, the display content at least includes data verification reliability, ventilation state, oxygenation state, final diagnosis conclusion, and clinical hints and suggestions given according to the final diagnosis conclusion.

[0036] In some exemplary embodiments, the blood gas intelligent analysis system further comprises a cause classification module configured to calculate an anion gap value in combination with the acid-base imbalance type, and determine whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

[0037] Thus, by setting the cause classification module in combination with the acid-base imbalance judgment module, through progressive analysis of the detection data, the refinement of the acid-base imbalance cause diagnosis can be improved, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the cause judgment.

[0038] In some exemplary embodiments, the blood gas intelligent analysis system further comprises a mixed imbalance analysis module configured to calculate a bicarbonate gap value according to the anion gap value, and determine whether there is a triple acid-base imbalance.

[0039] Thus, by setting the mixed imbalance analysis module, it is helpful to accurately identify the complex acid-base imbalance state, and can effectively avoid the situation that the single imbalance type analysis is insufficient, resulting in missed judgment of multiple imbalances.

[0040] In some exemplary embodiments, the clinical information at least includes age, gender, body temperature and oxygen concentration.

[0041] It can be understood that as age increases, the elasticity of lung tissue decreases and the number of alveoli decreases, thus causing the oxygenation capacity to gradually weaken, and the acid-base balance regulation ability to also slightly decrease. For example, the arterial oxygen partial pressure of the elderly population gradually decreases compared to the young population, so that in the same altitude environment, the arterial oxygen partial pressure of the elderly is lower than the normal range of the young, but it can still be the normal level of the elderly. Similarly, the lung capacity of the male population is usually larger and the metabolic rate is slightly higher than that of the female population, thus causing differences in oxygen delivery and gas partial pressure.

[0042] And, taking 37°C as the standard body temperature, when the body temperature rises by 1°C, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide will generally be affected to rise, and the arterial blood pH will decrease. Therefore, by setting the clinical information including age, gender, body temperature and oxygen concentration, the analysis can be more in line with the individual situation of the patient, and the analysis pertinence is improved. At the same time, the combination of clinical information and various blood gas index parameters helps to avoid the situation of analysis deviation caused by individual differences, and helps to improve the accuracy of data analysis.

[0043] In some exemplary embodiments, the blood gas index parameters at least include the detection values of pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl- and SaO2.

[0044] As introduced above, it is worth noting that pH is used to reflect the overall acidity or alkalinity of blood, and is a direct indicator for judging acidemia or alkalemia. PaCO2 refers to the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, which is the pressure generated by the physical dissolution of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, and is a core indicator for evaluating the alveolar ventilation function of patients, and is also a key for judging respiratory acid-base imbalance. PaO2 refers to the arterial partial pressure of oxygen, which is the pressure generated by the physical dissolution of oxygen in arterial blood. It is a direct indicator for evaluating whether the patient has hypoxemia. HCO3- refers to the concentration of bicarbonate, which is an important alkaline buffer substance in blood. Changes in its concentration mainly reflect the influence of metabolic factors on acid-base balance, and is a key for judging metabolic acid-base imbalance. Na+ refers to the concentration of sodium ions, K+ refers to the concentration of potassium ions, and Cl- refers to the concentration of chloride ions. Na+, K+ and Cl- are the main electrolytes in blood, and are necessary data for calculating derived parameters such as anion gap. SaO2 refers to the arterial oxygen saturation, which is the percentage of hemoglobin combined with oxygen in arterial blood, and it reflects the ability of blood to carry oxygen.

[0045] In some exemplary embodiments, the specific steps for verifying the accuracy of the blood gas index parameters include: calculating the H+ concentration value according to Formula One: H+=24x[PaCO2] / [HCO3-]; selecting the last two digits after the decimal point of the pH value; adding the H+ concentration value and the last two digits after the decimal point of the pH value to obtain a verification value; comparing whether the verification value is within the normal range of 75-85, if the verification value is within the normal range, marking the blood gas index parameters as reliable; if the verification value is outside the normal range, marking the blood gas index parameters as suspicious.

[0046] Therefore, by setting the data verification module to select the last two digits after the decimal point of the pH value, and by adding the H+ concentration value and the value to obtain a verification value, the effect of correlating and checking the calculated H+ concentration with the directly detected pH value is achieved, a double data cross-verification logic is constructed, and the reliability of the verification result is improved.

[0047] It can be understood that, as a set of exemplary illustrations in the embodiment, if pH = 7.40, PaCO2 = 40 mmHg, HCO3- = 24 mmol / L, H+ is calculated according to Formula One: H+ = 24*40\24 = 40 nmol / L. At this time, the verification value is 40 + 40 = 80, which is in the normal range of 75-85, so the data is reliable and can be interpreted.

[0048] It is also worth mentioning that, if the data is not reasonable, the blood gas detector can reacquire the arterial blood gas index parameters, and then perform data verification again. When the verification indicates that the data is reliable, the data is interpreted and processed again.

[0049] In some exemplary embodiments, the specific steps of analyzing the alveolar ventilation function state of the patient according to the blood gas index parameters include: obtaining PaCO2 data from the blood gas index parameters; determining whether PaCO2 is between 35-45 mmHg; if PaCO2 > 45 mmHg, it indicates that the alveolar ventilation is insufficient; if PaCO2 < 35 mmHg, it indicates that the alveolar ventilation is excessive; and if 35 mmHg ≤ PaCO2 ≤ 45 mmHg, it indicates that the ventilation function is basically normal.

[0050] In some exemplary embodiments, the specific steps of analyzing the oxygenation state of the patient according to the blood gas index parameters include: obtaining the oxygenation index according to Formula Two: Oxygenation Index = PaO2 / FiO2, determining whether the oxygenation index is in the expected range, and determining the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the oxygenation index; obtaining the alveolar oxygen partial pressure value according to Formula Three: PAO2 = [FiO2*(Patm-PH2O)]-0.8PaCO2, and obtaining the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference according to Formula Four: P(A-a)O2 = PAO2-PaO2, and determining whether there is a gas exchange disorder in the lung itself according to the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference; and obtaining the arterial blood oxygen content value according to Formula Five: CaO2 = (Hb*1.38*SaO2) + (PaO2*0.0031), which is used to evaluate the ability of blood to deliver oxygen to tissues.

[0051] Thus, by setting the system to include alveolar ventilation function and oxygenation state, multi-dimensional evaluation from ventilation to oxygenation and from macro to micro is achieved, which helps to improve the analysis structure accuracy and better meet the needs of clinical diagnosis.

[0052] As introduced above, it is worth mentioning that FiO2 is the oxygen concentration, which refers to the volume percentage of oxygen in the inhaled gas, and the FiO2 of air is 21%, which is a necessary parameter for calculating the oxygenation index. It is also worth mentioning that the oxygenation index is a key to diagnose the severity classification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in which the normal value of the oxygenation index is about 400-500 mmHg, if the oxygenation index < 300, it indicates mild ARDS, if the oxygenation index < 200, it indicates moderate ARDS, and if the oxygenation index < 100, it indicates severe ARDS.

[0053] It is also worth mentioning that PAO2 is the alveolar oxygen partial pressure. Patm is the atmospheric pressure at sea level, and Patm ≈ 760 mmHg. PH2O is the water vapor pressure at body temperature, and PH2O ≈ 47 mmHg. It can be understood that P(A-a)O2 is the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference, and the normal expected value of the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference increases with age. A significant increase in this value indicates that there is a gas exchange disorder in the lungs itself.

[0054] It is also worth mentioning that Hb is the hemoglobin concentration, SaO2 is the arterial oxygen saturation, and 1.38 is the oxygen milliliter that can be combined per gram of hemoglobin. (Hb x 1.38 x SaO2) represents the oxygen combined with hemoglobin (Hb). (PaO2 x 0.0031) represents the oxygen physically dissolved in the blood plasma, which is a small proportion but also important.

[0055] By evaluating the oxygen content, it helps to reveal the possible hidden severe tissue hypoxia under the appearance of normal PaO2 and SaO2. For example, in anemia patients: the patient's PaO2 and SaO2 can be completely normal (such as SaO2 is 100%), but due to the extremely low concentration of hemoglobin (Hb), the calculated total oxygen content (CaO2) is severely insufficient to meet the metabolic demand of the tissue. At this time, simply increasing the oxygen concentration has limited effect, and the Hb level must be raised by blood transfusion or other means.

[0056] In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning patients: the patient's PaO2 can be normal, but carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) with hemoglobin, greatly reducing the amount of hemoglobin that can effectively bind oxygen, i.e. the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is significantly decreased, ultimately leading to a sharp decrease in oxygen content (CaO2), causing severe systemic hypoxia.

[0057] In some exemplary embodiments, the specific steps of judging the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters include: obtaining the pH value from the blood gas index parameters; comparing whether the pH satisfies 7.35 ≤ pH ≤ 7.45; if the pH < 7.35, it indicates that there is acidemia; if the pH > 7.45, it indicates that there is alkalemia.

[0058] In some example embodiments, the specific steps of determining the cause and type of acid-base imbalance according to the blood gas parameters include: obtaining the pH value and the PaCO2 value from the blood gas parameters; comparing the pH value and the PaCO2 value with the preset standard values respectively; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are higher than the preset standard values, it indicates metabolic alkalosis; if both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are lower than the preset standard values, it indicates metabolic acidosis; if the pH value is higher than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is lower than the preset standard value, it indicates respiratory alkalosis; if the pH value is lower than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is higher than the preset standard value, it indicates respiratory acidosis.

[0059] It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the pH preset standard value is set to 7.40, and the PaCO2 preset standard value is set to 40. Thus, by the change trend of the pH and the PaCO2, the primary factor causing the acid-base imbalance can be quickly determined.

[0060] In some example embodiments, the specific steps of calculating the compensatory rationality according to the cause and type of acid-base imbalance include: determining the cause and type of acid-base imbalance; and analyzing and calculating the compensatory rationality according to the cause and type of acid-base imbalance.

[0061] If the pH value is lower than the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is higher than the preset standard value, the expected HCO3- value is calculated according to the increase of the PaCO2, and the expected HCO3- value is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis is combined. For example, for every 10 mmHg increase in PaCO2, the HCO3- compensatory increase is 1 mmol / L in the acute phase, and the HCO3- compensatory increase is 3.5 mmol / L in the chronic phase. The expected HCO3- value is calculated and compared with the actual value. If the actual value is significantly higher than the expected value, it indicates that metabolic alkalosis is combined; otherwise, it indicates that metabolic acidosis is combined.

[0062] If both the pH value and the PaCO2 value are lower than the preset standard values, the expected PaCO2 value is obtained from the pH, and the expected PaCO2 value is compared with the measured PaCO2 value to determine whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis is combined.

[0063] The expected compensatory PaCO2 value is approximately equal to the last two digits of the pH value. For example, if the pH is 7.25, the expected PaCO2 should be around 25 mmHg. If the actual PaCO2 is significantly higher than the expected value, it indicates that respiratory acidosis is combined; otherwise, it indicates that respiratory alkalosis is combined.

[0064] If the pH value is increased compared with the preset standard value and the PaCO2 value is decreased compared with the preset standard value, the expected HCO3- decrease value is calculated from the PaCO2 increase amount, and whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists is determined by comparing the expected HCO3- decrease value with the measured value.

[0065] For example, the PaCO2 decreases by 10 mmHg, the HCO3- compensatory decrease is 2 mmol / L in the acute phase, and the HCO3- compensatory decrease is 4.5 mmol / L in the chronic phase. The expected [HCO3-] value is calculated and compared with the actual value. If the actual value is significantly higher than the expected value, metabolic alkalosis is suggested; otherwise, metabolic acidosis is suggested.

[0066] If the pH value and the PaCO2 value are both increased compared with the preset standard value, the expected PaCO2 increase value is calculated from the HCO3- increase amount, and whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists is determined by comparing the expected PaCO2 increase value with the measured value.

[0067] For example, the PaCO2 increases by 0.6 mmHg for each 1 mmol / L increase in HCO3-. The expected PaCO2 value is calculated and compared with the actual value. If the actual PaCO2 is significantly higher than the expected value, respiratory acidosis is suggested; otherwise, respiratory alkalosis is suggested.

[0068] Therefore, by determining whether the body compensation is appropriate, a potential mixed acid-base imbalance, i.e., a second acid-base imbalance, can be found.

[0069] In some exemplary embodiments, in combination with the acid-base imbalance type, the anion gap value is calculated, and the specific steps of determining whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis include: determining whether the pH value and the PaCO2 value are both decreased compared with the preset standard value; if the pH value and the PaCO2 value are both decreased compared with the preset standard value, the anion gap value is obtained according to Formula Six: AG = [Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]), and whether the anion gap value is higher than the normal value reference range is determined; if it is higher than the normal value reference range, high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed.

[0070] AG is the anion gap, and the judgment standard is that the normal value reference range is 8-16 mmol / L. If AG > 16 mmol / L, high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, according to the anion gap value, the bicarbonate gap value is calculated, and the specific step of determining whether a triple acid-base imbalance exists includes: obtaining the Na+and Cl-values; obtaining the bicarbonate gap calculation value according to Formula Seven: bicarbonate gap = [Na+] - [Cl-] - 39; and comparing the bicarbonate gap value with the normal value.

[0072] If the bicarbonate gap calculation value is greater than the bicarbonate gap value normal value, it is indicated that metabolic alkalosis exists; if the bicarbonate gap calculation value is less than the bicarbonate gap value normal value, it is indicated that non-anion gap metabolic acidosis exists.

[0073] Therefore, it is helpful to further investigate whether a third acid-base imbalance exists on the basis of high AG acid, that is, to investigate whether there is hidden metabolic alkalosis or non-AG acid.

[0074] Specifically, the bicarbonate gap value normal reference value is ± 6.

[0075] If the bicarbonate gap value is > + 6: it is indicated that metabolic alkalosis exists at the same time as high AG acid.

[0076] If the bicarbonate gap value is < -6: it is indicated that non-anion gap metabolic acidosis exists at the same time as high AG acid.

[0077] It should be noted that, for the blood gas intelligent analysis system of the present embodiment, based on the above exemplary embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, it still includes the information acquisition module, the data verification module, the data analysis module, the acid-base balance analysis module, the balance disorder analysis module, the acid-base imbalance judgment module, the etiology classification module, the mixed imbalance analysis module and the result output module. Figure 1

[0078] ​The information acquisition module is configured to acquire clinical information of the patient and acquire various blood gas index parameters of arterial blood. The data verification module is configured to verify the accuracy of the various blood gas index parameters. The data analysis module is configured to analyze the alveolar ventilation function state of the patient and analyze the oxygenation state of the patient according to the various blood gas index parameters. The acid-base balance analysis module is configured to determine the overall acid-base state of the blood according to the blood gas index parameters. The balance disorder analysis module is configured to determine the cause of acid-base imbalance and the type of acid-base imbalance according to the various blood gas index parameters. The acid-base imbalance judgment module is configured to calculate the compensation rationality according to the cause of acid-base imbalance and the type of acid-base imbalance. The etiology typing module is configured to calculate the anion gap value in combination with the type of acid-base imbalance, and determine whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis. The mixed imbalance analysis module is configured to calculate the bicarbonate gap value according to the anion gap value, and determine whether there is a triple acid-base imbalance. The result output module is configured to display the analysis results of the data analysis module, the acid-base balance analysis module, the balance disorder analysis module, and the mixed acid-base imbalance judgment module.

[0079] In the preferred embodiment of the blood gas intelligent analysis system described above, the specific settings and arrangement modes of the information acquisition module, the balance disorder analysis module, the mixed imbalance analysis module, etc. can still refer to the descriptions in the above exemplary embodiments, and in this preferred embodiment, the information acquisition module, the balance disorder analysis module, the mixed imbalance analysis module, etc. can also refer to the descriptions in the above exemplary embodiments based on the beneficial effects brought by their designs.

[0080] The blood gas intelligent analysis system of the present embodiment is designed as above, and the information acquisition module is configured to acquire the clinical information of the patient and the various blood gas index parameters of arterial blood, which facilitates providing a comprehensive data basis for subsequent data verification and analysis. At the same time, the cooperation of multiple modules helps to realize the standardization of data collection, testing and calculation, thereby helping to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis results.

[0081] The above only describes some embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be combined as needed to form other specific technical solutions. Various modifications and changes can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A blood gas intelligent analysis system, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition module is configured to acquire the patient's clinical information and various blood gas parameters of arterial blood. The data verification module is configured to verify the accuracy of each of the blood gas index parameters. The data analysis module is configured to analyze the alveolar ventilation function status and oxygenation status of the patient based on the blood gas parameters. The acid-base balance analysis module is configured to determine the overall acid-base status of the blood based on the blood gas index parameters. The balance disorder analysis module is configured to determine the cause and type of acid-base imbalance based on the blood gas parameters described above. The acid-base imbalance judgment module is configured to calculate the rationality of compensation based on the cause and type of acid-base imbalance. The results output module is configured to display the analysis results of the data analysis module, the acid-base balance analysis module, the balance disorder analysis module, and the mixed acid-base imbalance judgment module.

2. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The etiology classification module is configured to calculate the anion gap value based on the type of acid-base imbalance, and determine whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

3. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The mixed imbalance analysis module is configured to calculate the bicarbonate gap value based on the anion gap value and determine whether a triple acid-base imbalance exists.

4. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clinical information includes at least age, sex, body temperature, and oxygen concentration; and / or, The blood gas parameters include at least the measured values ​​of pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl-, and SaO2.

5. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for verifying the accuracy of each of the blood gas parameters include: Calculate the H+ concentration using Formula 1: H+ = 24 × [PaCO2] / [HCO3-]; Select two decimal places for the pH value; add the H+ concentration value to the two decimal places of the pH value to obtain the verification value; Compare whether the verification value is within the normal range of 75-85. If the verification value is within the normal range, the blood gas index parameter is marked as reliable; if the verification value is outside the normal range, the blood gas index parameter is marked as questionable.

6. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for analyzing the alveolar ventilation function status of a patient based on the aforementioned blood gas parameters include: PaCO2 data are obtained from the blood gas parameters. Determine if PaCO2 is between 35-45 mmHg; If PaCO2 > 45 mmHg, it indicates insufficient alveolar ventilation; if PaCO2 < 35 mmHg, it indicates alveolar hyperventilation; if 35 mmHg ≤ PaCO2 ≤ 45 mmHg, it indicates that ventilation function is basically normal; and / or, The specific steps for analyzing the oxygenation status of patients based on the blood gas parameters described include: According to Formula 2: Oxygenation Index = PaO2 / FiO2, obtain the oxygenation index, determine whether the oxygenation index is within the expected range, and determine the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome based on the oxygenation index; According to Formula 3: PAO2=[FiO2×(Patm-PH2O)]-0.8PaCO2, the alveolar oxygen partial pressure value is obtained, and according to Formula 4: P(Aa)O2=PAO2-PaO2, the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference value is obtained. Based on the alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference, it is determined whether there is a gas exchange disorder in the lungs. According to Formula 5: CaO2=(Hb×1.38×SaO2)+(PaO2×0.0031), the arterial blood oxygen content value is obtained to assess the blood's ability to deliver oxygen to tissues.

7. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for determining the overall acid-base status of blood based on the aforementioned blood gas parameters include: The pH value is obtained from the blood gas parameters. Compare whether the pH value satisfies 7.35 ≤ pH ≤ 7.45; If pH < 7.35, it indicates acidosis; if pH > 7.45, it indicates alkalosis; and / or, The specific steps for determining the cause and type of acid-base imbalance based on the blood gas parameters mentioned above include: The pH value and PaCO2 value are obtained from the blood gas parameters. The relationship between pH and PaCO2 values ​​and preset standard values ​​was compared separately; among them, If both pH and PaCO2 values ​​increase compared to the preset standard values, it indicates metabolic alkalosis; if both pH and PaCO2 values ​​decrease compared to the preset standard values, it indicates metabolic acidosis; if pH increases compared to the preset standard values ​​and PaCO2 decreases compared to the preset standard values, it indicates respiratory alkalosis; if pH decreases compared to the preset standard values ​​and PaCO2 increases compared to the preset standard values, it indicates respiratory acidosis.

8. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps for calculating the rationality of compensation based on the causes and types of acid-base imbalance include: Determine the cause and type of the acid-base imbalance; The rationality of the compensation is analyzed and calculated based on the causes and types of acid-base imbalance; wherein... If the pH value decreases compared to the preset standard value, and the PaCO2 value increases compared to the preset standard value, then the expected increase in HCO3- is calculated based on the increase in PaCO2. The expected increase in HCO3- is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists. If both pH and PaCO2 values ​​decrease compared to the preset standard values, the expected PaCO2 value is obtained from pH. The expected PaCO2 value is then compared with the measured PaCO2 value to determine whether respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis is present. If the pH value increases compared to the preset standard value, and the PaCO2 value decreases compared to the preset standard value, then the expected decrease in HCO3- is calculated based on the increase in PaCO2. The expected decrease in HCO3- is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis exists. If both pH and PaCO2 values ​​increase compared to the preset standard values, the expected increase in PaCO2 is calculated based on the increase in HCO3-. The expected increase in PaCO2 is compared with the measured value to determine whether metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis is present.

9. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Based on the described acid-base imbalance type, the specific steps for calculating the anion gap value and determining whether it is high anion gap metabolic acidosis include: Determine if there is a situation where both pH and PaCO2 values ​​are lower than the preset standard values; If both pH and PaCO2 values ​​are lower than the preset standard values, then according to Formula 6: AG=[Na^+]-([Cl^-]+[HCO_3^-]), the anion gap value is obtained, and it is determined whether the anion gap value is higher than the normal reference range. If it is higher than the normal reference range, then it is diagnosed as high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

10. The intelligent blood gas analysis system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps for calculating the bicarbonate gap value based on the anion gap value and determining whether a triple acid-base imbalance exists include: Obtain the Na+ and Cl- values; According to Formula 7: Bicarbonate gap = [Na^+] - [Cl^-] - 39, the calculated value of bicarbonate gap is obtained; Compare the bicarbonate interstitial gap value to the normal value; among which, If the calculated value of the bicarbonate gap is greater than the normal value of the bicarbonate gap, it indicates the presence of metabolic alkalosis. If the calculated value of the bicarbonate gap is less than the normal value of the bicarbonate gap, it indicates the presence of non-anionic interstitial metabolic acidosis.

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