Coupling system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a compressed gas energy storage and flow battery coupling system. The system comprises an energy management system, a battery management system, a temperature management system, a power grid interface platform and a heat utilization device. Wherein the battery management system comprises a flow battery subsystem and a compressed gas energy storage subsystem, and the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem are both used for being connected to a power grid through the power grid interface platform. The energy management system can be used for controlling the power grid interface platform to control the electric energy output of the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem, so as to meet the requirements of a power system on large capacity and high response speed of the energy storage system in some scenes, and improve the reliability of power supply. And the temperature management system is also used for heat exchange between the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem so as to realize heat interconnection between the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem. The temperature management system further supplies heat to the heat utilization device so that heat can be comprehensively utilized, and the coupling system at least provides electric energy and heat energy so that multi-energy combined supply can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage system technology, and more specifically, to a coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage power stations include energy storage systems, which can be used to regulate peak and off-peak electricity demand. For example, compressed gas energy storage systems have advantages such as large capacity, long service life, good economic performance, and multiple charge-discharge cycles, and are therefore often used for peak shaving in power systems. However, compressed gas energy storage systems have a slow response speed and cannot quickly respond to grid commands to release electrical energy. As a result, a single compressed gas energy storage system cannot meet the needs of power application scenarios that require both large capacity and fast response.

[0003] In addition, there are some energy-consuming devices in and around the energy storage station, which need to be provided with the energy they require to maintain normal operation. These energy-consuming devices may include heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, which can provide heating to the energy storage station and its surroundings. In related technologies, HVAC equipment usually requires a separate heat source to provide heat, which is costly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a coupling system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery. On the one hand, the system can meet the application scenarios of large-capacity and fast-response power systems. On the other hand, while providing electrical energy to the power system, it can also provide heat to the energy storage station and surrounding heat-using devices, eliminating the need to set up a separate heat source for the heat-using devices and saving costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides a coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery, including an energy management system, a battery management system, a temperature management system, a grid interface platform, and a heat-using device. The battery management system includes a flow battery subsystem and a compressed gas energy storage subsystem, both of which are used to connect to the power grid through the power grid interface platform. The compressed gas energy storage subsystem includes a gas storage and release unit for compressing and storing gas and expanding and releasing it. The temperature management system is used for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit and the flow battery subsystem. The temperature management system is also connected to a heat-using device. The energy management system is used to: control the grid interface platform so that the grid interface platform controls the electrical energy output of the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem, controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem, controls the temperature management system for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit and the flow battery subsystem, and controls the temperature management system to supply heat to the heat-using device.

[0006] Optionally, the temperature management system includes a heat storage unit, a first heat exchange unit, and a second heat exchange unit. The first heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with the gas storage and release unit, and the second heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with the flow battery subsystem. The first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit are respectively connected to the heat storage unit, and the heat storage unit is used to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit. The heat storage unit also includes a heat supply interface, which is used to connect with a heat-using device to provide a heat exchange medium to the heat-using device.

[0007] Optionally, the energy management system is used to: control the heat storage unit to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit, and control the heat storage unit to provide heat exchange medium to the heat-using device.

[0008] Optionally, the flow battery subsystem includes a capacity unit for storing electrolyte, a power unit for converting electrical energy and chemical energy, and a power unit for driving the electrolyte to flow between the capacity unit and the power unit. The heat storage unit includes a first heat storage tank and a second heat storage tank. The first heat exchange unit includes a cooler group for cooling the gas in the gas storage and release unit and a reheater group for heating the gas in the gas storage and release unit. The two ends of the cooler group are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank and the second heat storage tank, and the two ends of the reheater group are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank and the second heat storage tank. The second heat exchange unit includes a system-level heat exchanger, which includes a battery-side heat exchange flow path and a heat storage-side heat exchange flow path. The capacity unit is connected to the power unit through the battery-side heat exchange flow path, and the first heat storage tank is connected to the second heat storage tank through the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path. At least one of the first thermal storage tank and the second thermal storage tank includes the heating interface.

[0009] Optionally, the system-level heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the capacity unit includes a positive electrolyte storage tank and a negative electrolyte storage tank, the power unit includes a fuel cell stack, the outlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the positive electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack, the inlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the positive electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack through the battery-side heat exchange flow path of the first heat exchanger, one end of the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first heat storage tank, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank; The outlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack. The inlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack through the battery-side heat exchange flow path of the second heat exchanger. One end of the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path of the second heat exchanger is connected to the first heat storage tank, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank.

[0010] Optionally, the power unit includes a first pneumatic pump and a second pneumatic pump. The inlet of the first pneumatic pump is connected to the positive electrolyte storage tank, and the outlet of the first pneumatic pump is connected to the fuel cell stack, for driving the positive electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The inlet of the second pneumatic pump is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank, and the outlet of the second pneumatic pump is connected to the fuel cell stack, which is used to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the gas storage and release unit through a power coupling unit. The power coupling unit is used to control the gas storage and release unit to supply air to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump.

[0011] Optionally, the gas storage and release unit includes a compression subunit, a gas storage subunit, and an expansion subunit. The compression subunit is used for compressing the gas, the gas storage subunit is used for storing the gas, and the expansion subunit is used for expanding and releasing the gas stored in the gas storage subunit. The compression subunit, the gas storage subunit, and the expansion subunit are connected in sequence. The power coupling unit is configured as a first control valve and a second control valve. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the air outlet of the compression subunit through the first control valve. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the air inlet of the expansion subunit through the second control valve. The first control valve is used to control the on / off supply of air from the compression subunit to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump. The second control valve is used to control the on / off supply of air from the compression subunit to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump.

[0012] Optionally, the power unit further includes a positive electrode circulation pump and a negative electrode circulation pump. The positive electrode circulation pump is connected to the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack, respectively, and is used to drive the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The positive electrode circulation pump is connected in parallel to the first pneumatic pump. The negative electrode circulation pump is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack respectively, and is used to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The negative electrode circulation pump is connected in parallel to the second pneumatic pump.

[0013] Optionally, the flow battery subsystem further includes a capacity restoration unit for restoring the capacity of the electrolyte in the capacity unit; The capacity repair unit includes a capacity repair flow path for connecting the positive electrolyte storage tank and the negative electrolyte storage tank, and a third control valve disposed in the capacity repair flow path, the third control valve being used to control the on / off state of the capacity repair flow path.

[0014] Optionally, the gas storage and release unit includes a compression subunit, a gas storage subunit, and an expansion subunit. The compression subunit is used for compressing the gas, the gas storage subunit is used for storing the gas, and the expansion subunit is used for expanding and releasing the gas stored in the storage subunit. The compression subunit, the gas storage subunit, and the expansion subunit are connected in sequence. The gas outlet of the expansion subunit is used to connect with a gas-using device to provide gas to the gas-using device.

[0015] Optionally, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem is configured as a liquefied air energy storage system. The gas storage subunit includes a liquefaction device, a liquid storage tank, a third heat storage tank, a cold storage tank, a fifth heat exchanger, and a liquefied air pump. The outlet of the compression subunit is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank through the liquefaction device. The outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the expansion subunit through the liquefied air pump and the sixth heat exchange path of the fifth heat exchanger. The heating port of the third heat storage tank is connected to the second return port of the cold storage tank through the fifth heat exchange path of the fifth heat exchanger. The outlet of the liquid storage tank is used to connect with the gas-consuming device.

[0016] Optionally, the gas storage subunit further includes a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange flow path and a second heat exchange flow path. The first supply port of the third heat storage tank is connected to the first return port of the cold storage tank through the first heat exchange flow path. The gas outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the gas-using device through the second heat exchange flow path. The fourth heat exchanger includes a third heat exchange flow path and a fourth heat exchange flow path. The first supply port of the cold storage tank is connected to the third heat storage tank through the third heat exchange flow path, and the outlet of the compression subunit is connected to the liquefaction device through the fourth heat exchange flow path.

[0017] Optionally, the cold storage tank further includes a cooling interface for supplying a heat exchange medium to the cooling device.

[0018] Optionally, the grid interface platform includes an energy storage converter for connecting to the power grid, and the fuel cell stack is connected to the power grid via the energy storage converter; and The compression subunit includes a compressor unit and an electric motor for driving the compressor unit. The expansion subunit includes an expander unit and a generator driven by the expander unit. Both the generator and the electric motor are connected to the power grid.

[0019] Optionally, the grid interface platform further includes a coupled energy storage grid interface management unit, wherein the motor, the generator, and the energy storage converter are all communicatively connected to the coupled energy storage grid interface unit for controlling the power output of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem.

[0020] Optionally, the battery management system further includes a battery coordination management unit that is communicatively connected to the energy management system. The energy management system controls the battery coordination management unit so that the battery coordination management unit controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the battery management system of this coupled system includes a flow battery subsystem and a compressed gas energy storage subsystem, both of which are connected to the power grid via a grid interface platform. The energy management system controls the grid interface platform, enabling the grid interface platform to control the power output of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem. This combines the advantages of the large capacity of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem with the fast response of the flow battery, meeting the power system's application requirements for large capacity and fast response speed in energy storage systems. The temperature management system is used for heat exchange between the gas storage and release units in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem. The temperature management system is also connected to the heat-using device. The energy management system controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem, and controls the temperature management system for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit and the flow battery subsystem, as well as for supplying heat to the heat-using device. This coupled system enables not only heat complementarity between the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem, but also heat supply to the heat-using device. On the one hand, this allows for more rational utilization of the heat from each of the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem; on the other hand, it eliminates the need to provide a separate heat source for the heat-using device, thus saving costs.

[0022] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the arrows in the diagram indicate the material or information interaction path; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and flow battery provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas storage sub-unit portion of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 10-Flow battery subsystem; 11-Capacity unit; 111-Positive electrolyte tank; 112-Negative electrolyte tank; 12-Power unit; 120-Stack; 13-Power unit; 131-Positive circulation pump; 132-Negative circulation pump; 133-First pneumatic pump; 134-Second pneumatic pump; 14-Capacity repair unit; 15-Second battery management unit; 16-Third control valve; 20-Compressed gas energy storage subsystem; 200-Storage and release unit; 21-Compression subunit; 211-Compressor unit; 2111-Compressor; 212-Motor; 2 2-Gas storage subunit; 221-Fourth heat exchanger; 221a-Third heat exchange path; 221b-Fourth heat exchange path; 222-Liquefaction unit; 2220-Throttle valve; 223-Liquid storage tank; 224-Liquefied air pump; 225-Third heat exchanger; 225a-First heat exchange path; 225b-Second heat exchange path; 226-Cold storage tank; 227-Third thermal storage tank; 228-Fifth heat exchanger; 228a-Fifth heat exchange path; 228b-Sixth heat exchange path; 23-Expansion subunit; 231-Expander unit; 2311-Expander; 232-Power generation 24-First Battery Management Unit; 25-Power Coupling Unit; 251-First Control Valve; 252-Second Control Valve; 25a-Power Coupling Flow Path; 30-Temperature Management System; 31-Heat Storage Unit; 311-First Heat Storage Tank; 312-Second Heat Storage Tank; 32-First Heat Exchange Unit; 321-Cooler Assembly; 3211-Cooler; 322-Reheater Assembly; 3221-Reheater; 33-Second Heat Exchange Unit; 33a-Battery Side Heat Exchange Flow Path; 33b-Heat Storage Side Heat Exchange Flow Path; 330-System-Level Heat Exchanger; 331-First Heat Exchanger; 332 - Second heat exchanger; 40- Energy management system; 41- First control unit; 42- Second control unit; 43- Collaborative control unit; 50- Heating device; 60- Gas device; 70- Cooling device; 80- Power grid; 90- Power grid interface platform; 91- Coupled energy storage power grid interface management unit; 92- Energy storage converter; 100- Battery management system; 101- Battery collaborative management unit; 1a- Positive electrolyte supply path; 1b- Positive electrolyte return path; 1c- Negative electrolyte supply path; 1d- Negative electrolyte return path; 1f- Capacity repair path. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0026] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of a component or structure itself. Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate sequence or importance.

[0027] The inventors discovered that compressed gas energy storage systems are primarily used for peak-valley electricity regulation, offering advantages such as large capacity, long service life, good economic performance, and numerous charge-discharge cycles. However, in practical applications, it was found that during energy release, the stored gas in a compressed gas energy storage system needs to pass through an expander to drive a generator, resulting in a relatively slow response time and an inability to quickly respond to grid commands for energy release. However, some power system applications require both high capacity and rapid response. A single compressed gas energy storage system cannot meet these demands.

[0028] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the inventors proposed a coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and a flow battery. The flow battery system mainly consists of a fuel cell stack, a liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, and control equipment, and features intrinsic safety, fast response speed, and long cycle life. Therefore, this coupled system includes both a compressed gas energy storage subsystem and a flow battery subsystem. Using this coupled system to supply energy to the power grid can meet the power system's demand for large capacity and fast response in energy storage systems.

[0029] Furthermore, the inventors discovered that the temperature of the electrolyte in a flow battery directly affects the rate of chemical reactions within the stack and the migration rate of ions. Generally, increasing the temperature accelerates the chemical reactions in the battery, thereby improving its output performance. However, excessively high temperatures can lead to electrolyte evaporation and increased internal battery pressure, thus affecting battery performance. To address these issues, the inventors implemented a temperature system that enables heat exchange between the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the compressed air energy storage subsystem. This achieves thermal complementarity between the compressed gas energy storage and compressed air energy storage systems, ensuring that the electrolyte temperature in the flow battery subsystem remains at a suitable level, further improving the reaction rate of the flow battery. In addition, energy storage stations or their surrounding areas typically have other energy-consuming devices. To ensure the normal operation of these devices, additional energy supply equipment is usually required, which is costly. For example, when the energy-consuming device is a heat-using device such as a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, a heat source is typically required to provide the heat exchange medium, which is also costly. This allows the temperature management system to supply heat to HVAC equipment, eliminating the need for a separate heat source for the equipment. Furthermore, it enables more efficient use of the heat from the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem.

[0030] At least based on the aforementioned technical issues and concepts, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, this disclosure provides a coupled system of compressed gas energy storage and a flow battery to at least solve some of the aforementioned problems. The coupled system includes an energy management system 40, a battery management system 100, a temperature management system 30, a grid interface platform 90, and a heat-using device 50. The battery management system 100 includes a flow battery subsystem 10 and a compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, both of which are connected to the power grid 80 via the grid interface platform 90. The energy management system 40 can control the power grid interface platform 90 to control the electrical energy output of the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, enabling the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 to complement each other's advantages, thereby meeting the power system's demand for large capacity and fast response speed in some scenarios and improving power supply reliability.

[0031] Furthermore, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 includes a gas storage and release unit 200 for gas compression, storage, expansion, and release. A temperature management system 30 is used for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10. The temperature management system 30 is also connected to the heat-using device 50. The energy management system 40 controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10, and controls the temperature management system 30 for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10, enabling heat complementarity between the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery through the temperature management system 30. Additionally, the energy management system 40 can control the temperature management system 30 to supply heat to the heat-using device 50, allowing for more efficient utilization of the heat from both the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, and eliminating the need for a separate heat source for the heat-using device 50, thus saving costs.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the coupling system can provide electrical energy to the power grid 80 and at least heat to the heat-using device 50, so as to realize the multi-energy supply of the coupling system. The compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 in the coupling system exchange heat through the temperature management system 30, and can provide heat to the heat-using device 50 through the temperature management system 30, making the heat utilization in the coupling system more diverse and comprehensive.

[0033] In the above embodiments, the heating device 50 can be constructed arbitrarily according to actual needs. For example, the heating device 50 can be constructed as a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, and there is no limitation here.

[0034] In some embodiments, the temperature management system 30 includes a heat storage unit 31, a first heat exchange unit 32, and a second heat exchange unit 33. The first heat exchange unit 32 is used for heat exchange with the gas storage and release unit 200, and the second heat exchange unit 33 is used for heat exchange with the flow battery subsystem 10. The first heat exchange unit 32 and the second heat exchange unit 33 are respectively connected to the heat storage unit 31, which provides a heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit 32 and the second heat exchange unit 33. Heat exchange between the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 is achieved through the first heat exchange unit 32, the second heat exchange unit 33, and the first heat storage unit 31. The heat storage unit 31 also includes a heating interface for communication with the heat-using device 50, enabling the heat storage unit 31 to provide a heat exchange medium to the heat-using device 50, thereby providing heat to the heat-using device 50. This eliminates the need for a separate heat source for the heat-using device 50, saving costs.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the energy management system 40 can control the heat storage unit 31 to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit 32 and the second heat exchange unit 33, so that the first heat exchange unit 32 exchanges heat with the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, and the second heat exchange unit 33 exchanges heat with the flow battery subsystem 10, so that the temperature management system 30 exchanges heat with the gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10 respectively, thereby enabling heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10 in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20. The energy management system 40 can also control the heat storage unit 31 to provide heat exchange medium to the heat-using device 50, thereby using the heat storage unit 31 to supply heat to the heat-using device 50, so that the thermal energy of the temperature management system 30 can be more rationally utilized.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be noted that the heat provided by the heat storage unit 31 to the heat-using device 50 can be sourced from the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 in the coupling system. By using the heat storage unit 31 to supply heat to the heat-using device 50, a more rational and comprehensive utilization of the heat in the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 in the coupling system is achieved.

[0037] In some embodiments, the flow battery subsystem 10 includes a capacity unit 11 for storing electrolyte, a power unit 12 for converting electrical energy into chemical energy, and a power unit 13 for driving the electrolyte to flow between the capacity unit 11 and the power unit 12.

[0038] Furthermore, the heat storage unit 31 may include a first heat storage tank 311 and a second heat storage tank 312. The temperature in the first heat storage tank 311 is higher than the temperature in the second heat storage tank 312. The first heat storage tank 311 may be constructed as a high-temperature heat storage tank, and the second heat storage tank 312 may be constructed as a low-temperature heat storage tank. The first heat exchange unit 32 includes a cooler assembly 321 for cooling the gas in the gas storage and release unit 200 and a reheater assembly 322 for heating the gas in the gas storage and release unit 200. The two ends of the cooler assembly 321 are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312, enabling the heat exchange medium to flow between the first heat storage tank 311, the cooler assembly 321, and the second heat storage tank 312. The heat exchange medium is cooled by the cooler assembly 321 before being introduced into the first heat storage tank 311. The two ends of the reheater assembly 322 are connected to the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 respectively, which allows the heat exchange medium to flow in the first heat storage tank 311, the reheater assembly 322 and the second heat storage tank 312. The heat exchange medium heats the gas in the gas storage and release unit 200 through the reheater 3221 and then enters the second heat storage tank 312.

[0039] The second heat exchange unit 33 includes a system-level heat exchanger 330, which includes a battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a and a heat storage-side heat exchange flow path 33b. The capacity unit 11 is connected to the power unit 12 through the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a, and the first heat storage tank 311 is connected to the second heat storage tank 312 through the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path 33b. The system-level heat exchanger 330 enables heat exchange between the heat storage unit 31 and the flow battery subsystem 10, allowing for heating or cooling of the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10. This maintains the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10 at an appropriate temperature, thereby ensuring that the operating efficiency of the flow battery subsystem 10 remains high.

[0040] In the above embodiment, at least one of the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 includes a heating interface, so that at least one of the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 can provide heat energy to the heat-using device 50 as a heating device.

[0041] It should be understood that when both the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 include a heating interface, the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 can provide heat energy to the same heat-using device 50; or, the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312 can provide heat energy to different heat-using devices 50.

[0042] It should be understood that the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20's gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10 exchange heat through the temperature management system 30, which enables the heat generated by the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 to be utilized more rationally.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the system-level heat exchanger 330 includes a first heat exchanger 331 and a second heat exchanger 332, the capacity unit 11 includes a positive electrolyte storage tank 111 and a negative electrolyte storage tank 112, and the power unit 12 may include a fuel cell stack 120, which includes multiple fuel cell stacks connected in series and parallel. The outlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 is connected to the positive electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 120, and the inlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 is connected to the positive electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the first heat exchanger 331, so that the electrolyte in the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 can flow between the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120. The outlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 is connected to the positive electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 120 via the positive electrolyte supply flow path 1a, and the inlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 is connected to the positive electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack 120 via the positive electrolyte return flow path 1b. The battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the first heat exchanger 331 is connected in series with the positive electrolyte return flow path 1b.

[0044] Furthermore, one end of the heat exchange flow path 33b on the heat storage side of the first heat exchanger 331 is connected to the first heat storage tank 311, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank 312. This allows the heat exchange medium to flow between the first heat storage tank 311, the first heat exchanger 331, and the second heat storage tank 312. (Reference) Figure 2 As shown, the positive electrolyte in the fuel cell stack 120 flows into the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 after passing through the battery-side heat exchange path 33a of the first heat exchanger 331. The heat exchange medium in the second heat storage tank 312 flows into the first heat storage tank 311 after passing through the heat storage-side heat exchange path 33b of the first heat exchanger 331. This allows the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack 120 to be stored in the first heat storage tank 311, which can then be used for heating the gas in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 or for supplying heat to heat-using devices.

[0045] The outlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 120. The inlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the second heat exchanger 332. One end of the heat exchange flow path 33b on the heat storage side of the second heat exchanger 332 is connected to the first heat storage tank 311, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank 312. (Reference) Figure 2As shown, the heat exchange medium flows out from the second heat storage tank 312 and enters the first heat storage tank 311 after passing through the heat storage side heat exchange flow path 33b of the second heat exchanger 332. The negative electrode electrolyte in the fuel cell stack 120 flows into the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 after passing through the battery side heat exchange flow path 33a of the second heat exchanger 332. This allows the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack 120 to be stored in the first heat storage tank 311, which can then be used for heating the gas in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 or for supplying heat to heat-using devices.

[0046] It should be noted that the outlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 is connected to the positive electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the positive electrolyte supply flow path 1a, and the inlet of the positive electrolyte is connected to the positive electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the positive electrolyte return flow path 1b. The outlet of the negative electrolyte storage tank 112 is connected to the negative electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the negative electrolyte supply flow path 1c, and the inlet of the negative electrolyte is connected to the negative electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack 120 through the negative electrolyte return flow path 1d. In the above embodiment, the battery liquid heat exchange flow path of the first heat exchanger 331 is connected in series with the positive electrolyte return flow path 1b, and the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the second heat exchanger 332 is connected in series with the negative electrolyte return flow path. The heat generated by the operation of the electric stack 120 can be transferred to the first heat storage tank 311 for storage through the first heat exchanger 331 and the second heat exchanger 332.

[0047] In other possible implementations, the two ends of the heat exchange flow path 33b on the heat storage side of the first heat exchanger 331 are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312, and the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the first heat exchanger 331 is connected in series with the positive electrode electrolyte supply flow path 1a. The positive electrode electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10 flows out from the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111, passes through the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the first heat exchanger 331, and enters the stack 120. The heat exchange medium in the heat storage unit 31 flows out from the first heat storage tank 311, passes through the heat exchange flow path 33b of the first heat exchanger 331, and enters the second heat storage tank 312. The first heat exchanger 331 can heat the positive electrode electrolyte in the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 before it is fed into the stack 120, so that the positive electrode electrolyte is heated before it is fed into the stack 120. This allows the positive electrode electrolyte to be introduced into the fuel cell stack at a suitable temperature, improving the efficiency of the fuel cell stack 120. Furthermore, the heat exchange medium can also flow out from the second heat storage tank 312, pass through the heat storage side heat exchange path 33b of the first heat exchanger 331, and then enter the first heat storage tank 311, thereby cooling the positive electrode electrolyte introduced into the fuel cell stack 120 from the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111.

[0048] In some other possible embodiments, the two ends of the heat exchange flow path 33b on the heat storage side of the second heat exchanger 332 are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank 311 and the second heat storage tank 312, and the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the second heat exchanger 332 is connected in series with the negative electrode electrolyte supply flow path 1c. The negative electrode electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10 flows out from the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112, passes through the battery-side heat exchange flow path 33a of the second heat exchanger 332, and enters the stack 120. The heat exchange medium in the heat storage unit 31 flows out from the second heat storage tank 312, passes through the heat exchange flow path 33b of the second heat exchanger 332, and enters the second heat storage tank 312. The second heat exchanger 332 can heat the negative electrode electrolyte in the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 before it is fed into the stack 120, so that the negative electrode electrolyte is heated before it is fed into the stack 120. This allows the negative electrode electrolyte to be introduced into the fuel cell stack 120 at a suitable temperature, improving the efficiency of the fuel cell stack 120. Furthermore, the heat exchange medium can also flow out from the second heat storage tank 312, pass through the heat storage side heat exchange path 33b of the second heat exchanger 332, and then re-enter the second heat storage tank 312, thereby cooling the negative electrode electrolyte introduced into the fuel cell stack 120 from the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112.

[0049] In some embodiments, the power unit 13 includes a first pneumatic pump 133 and a second pneumatic pump 134. The inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 is connected to the positive electrolyte storage tank 111, and the outlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 is connected to the fuel cell stack 120, for driving the positive electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120. The inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 is connected to the negative electrolyte storage tank 112, and the outlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 is connected to the fuel cell stack 120, for driving the negative electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 are both connected to the gas storage and release unit 200 through the power coupling unit 25. The power coupling unit 25 is used to control the gas storage and release unit 200 to supply air to the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134 to drive the operation of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134.

[0051] The first pneumatic pump 133 can be installed on the positive electrolyte supply path 1a or the positive electrolyte return path 1b, and the second pneumatic pump 134 can be installed on the negative electrolyte supply path 1c or the negative electrolyte return path 1d. There are no restrictions here.

[0052] In some embodiments, the power unit 13 includes a positive electrode circulation pump 131 and a negative electrode circulation pump 132. The positive electrode circulation pump 131 is connected to the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120, respectively, for driving the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120. The positive electrode circulation pump 131 is connected in parallel to a first pneumatic pump 133, so that the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and / or the first pneumatic pump 133 can be selectively used to drive the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120. The electrolyte circulates between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120; the negative electrode circulation pump 132 is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120 respectively, and is used to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120. The negative electrode circulation pump 132 is connected in parallel to the second pneumatic pump 134 so that the negative electrode circulation pump 132 and / or the second pneumatic pump 134 can be used selectively to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120.

[0053] It should be noted that in some embodiments, both the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 can be configured as electric pumps. Under normal conditions, the positive electrode circulation pump 131 drives the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120, and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 drives the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120. When the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 malfunction or are without power, the flow of the positive electrode electrolyte between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111 and the fuel cell stack 120 can be driven by the first pneumatic pump 133, and the flow of the negative electrode electrolyte between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112 and the fuel cell stack 120 can be driven by the second pneumatic pump 134. This ensures that the flow battery subsystem 10 can maintain normal operation. As shown above, the air source that powers the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134 comes from the gas storage and release unit 200 of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, so that a power coupling is generated between the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10. When the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 of the flow battery subsystem 10 cannot work, the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134 will work in place of the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 to maintain the normal operation of the flow battery subsystem 10 and improve the reliability of the power supply of the coupling system.

[0054] Furthermore, the flow battery subsystem 10 includes a capacity restoration unit 14, which is used to restore the electrolyte in the capacity unit 11. The capacity restoration unit 14 includes a capacity restoration flow path 1f connecting the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 112, and a third control valve 16 disposed in the capacity restoration flow path 1f, which controls the on / off state of the capacity restoration flow path 1f.

[0055] During normal operation of the flow battery subsystem 10, the third control valve 16 is closed, and the positive electrolyte tank 111 and the negative electrolyte tank 112 are isolated. After prolonged operation, the electrolyte levels in the positive electrolyte tank 111 and the negative electrolyte tank 112 may become unbalanced, and the valence states of the positive and negative electrolytes may deviate, affecting the efficiency of the flow battery. Therefore, electrolyte capacity restoration is necessary. When performing capacity restoration on the positive and negative electrolytes in the flow battery subsystem 10, the return port on the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 connected to the positive electrolyte return path must first be closed. Then, the return port on the negative electrolyte storage tank 112 connected to the negative electrolyte return path must be closed. Next, the third control valve 16, the positive circulation pump 131, and the negative circulation pump 132 must be opened, allowing the positive electrolyte in the positive electrolyte storage tank 111 and the negative electrolyte in the negative electrolyte storage tank 112 to mix through the capacity restoration flow path 1f. After mixing, the valence state of the positive and negative electrolytes returns to 3.5, completing the capacity restoration of both electrolytes. Then, the third control valve 16 is closed. After the capacity restoration of the positive and negative electrolytes is complete, the flow battery subsystem 10 can be activated; details will not be elaborated here.

[0056] In some embodiments, the gas storage and release unit 200 of the flow battery energy storage subsystem includes a compression subunit 21, a gas storage subunit 22, and an expansion subunit 23, which are sequentially connected. The compression subunit 21 is used for gas compression, the gas storage subunit 22 is used for gas storage, and the expansion subunit 23 is used for gas expansion and release. The gas being compressed by the compression subunit 21 and stored in the gas storage subunit 22 constitutes the energy storage process of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20. The gas in the gas storage subunit 22 expanding and being released by the expansion subunit 23 constitutes the energy release process of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20.

[0057] In the above embodiment, the compression subunit 21, the gas storage subunit 22, and the expansion subunit 23 are connected in sequence. The outlet end of the expansion subunit 23 is used to connect with the gas-consuming device 60 to supply gas to the gas-consuming device 60. Since the gas discharged from the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 is used by the gas-consuming device 60, there is no need to set up a separate gas supply device for the gas-consuming device 60, which saves costs. Furthermore, utilizing the gas discharged from the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 reduces energy waste and allows for more rational use of the gas discharged from the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20.

[0058] As mentioned above, the air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 are both connected to the gas storage and release unit 200 through the power coupling unit 25.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, the power coupling unit 25 can be configured as a first control valve 251 and a second control valve 252. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 are both connected to the air outlet of the compression subunit 21 through the first control valve 251. The compressed gas coming out of the air outlet of the compression subunit 21 enters the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134 after passing through the first control valve 251, and is used to provide power to the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134. The first control valve 251 is used to control the on / off of the air supply from the compression subunit 21 to the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 are both connected to the air inlet of the expansion subunit 23 through the second control valve 252. The compressed gas introduced into the expansion subunit 23 from the gas storage subunit 22 can be supplied to the air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic valve through the second control valve 252. The second control valve 252 is used to control the on / off of the gas supply from the compression subunit 21 to the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the air inlet of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump 134 can both be connected to the air outlet of the compression subunit 21 and the air inlet of the expansion subunit 23 through the power coupling flow path 25a. The end of the power coupling flow path 25a near the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134 is divided into two branches, respectively connected to the air inlets of the first pneumatic pump 133 and the second pneumatic pump 134; the end of the power coupling flow path 25a near the gas storage and dissipation unit 200 is also divided into two branches, respectively connected to the air outlet of the compression subunit 21 and the air inlet of the expansion subunit 23. A first control valve 251 is provided on the branch connecting the air inlet of unit 23 to the air outlet of compression subunit 21 to control the on / off state of the branch, thereby controlling the supply of air from compression subunit 21 to first pneumatic pump 133 and second pneumatic pump 134 through power coupling flow path 25a. A second control valve 252 is provided on the branch connecting the air outlet of expansion subunit 23 to control the on / off state of the branch, thereby controlling the supply of compressed gas from the air inlet of expansion subunit 23 to first pneumatic pump 133 and second pneumatic pump 134 through power coupling flow path 25a.

[0061] In some embodiments, the compression subunit 21 includes an electric motor 212 and a compressor unit 211 driven by the electric motor 212. The compressor unit 211 includes a plurality of compressors 2111 connected in sequence, and all of the compressors 2111 are driven by the electric motor 212. The cooler unit 321 includes a plurality of coolers 3211, each of which may include two heat exchange flow paths. The two ends of one heat exchange flow path of the cooler 3211 may be connected to two adjacent compressors 2111 respectively, for cooling the gas flowing through the compressors 2111. The two ends of the other heat exchange flow path of the cooler 3211 may be connected to a first heat storage tank 311 and a second heat storage tank 312 respectively. The heat exchange medium in the second heat storage tank 312 passes through the cooler 3211 and then enters the first heat storage tank 311, which can be used to cool the gas flowing through the compressors 2111. The expansion subunit 23 includes an expander unit 231 and a generator 232 driven by the expander unit 231. The expander unit 231 includes multiple expanders 2311 connected in sequence. The multiple expanders 2311 are used to drive the generator 232. When the gas passes through the multiple sequentially connected expanders 2311, the gas expands and releases energy, so that the expanders 2311 drive the generator 232 to generate electricity. The reheater 3221 includes two heat exchange flow paths. The two ends of one heat exchange flow path of the reheater 3221 can be connected to two adjacent expanders 2311 respectively, and the two ends of the other heat exchange flow path of the reheater 3221 can be connected to a first heat storage pipe and a second heat storage pipe respectively. In the above embodiment, a filter 24 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor unit 211. After being filtered by the filter 24, the gas enters the compressor unit 211 and is then compressed in stages by multiple compressors 2111 before entering the gas storage subunit 22 for storage. The electric motor 212 drives the multiple compressors 2111 to operate, and the power grid 80 provides electrical energy to the electric motor 212. This stage is the compression and energy storage process of the compressed gas subsystem. The gas stored in the gas storage subunit 22 can be expanded and released through the expander unit 231 connected to the gas storage subunit 22, and then discharged to the gas consumption device 60 through the gas supply interface. The multiple expanders 2311 are used to drive the generator 232 to generate electricity, and the electrical energy generated by the generator 232 can be input into the power grid 80.

[0062] It should be understood that the generator 232 in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 has a large moment of inertia. Even when other devices in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 besides the generator 232 stop operating, the generator 232 can still provide power for a period of time. Therefore, even if other devices in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 besides the generator 232 fail to operate or the flow battery fails to operate, the generator 232 can still provide power for a period of time. This period can be used to repair the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and / or the flow battery subsystem 10, thereby achieving online repair of the coupled system.

[0063] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 can be constructed as different types of energy storage subsystems. For example, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 can be constructed as one of a compressed air energy storage system, a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, or a liquefied air energy storage system. When the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 is constructed as a compressed air energy storage system or a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, the gas storage subunit 22 includes a gas storage chamber (not shown). During the energy storage phase of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, the gas compressed by the compressor 2111 is stored in the gas storage chamber. During the energy release phase, the gas in the gas storage chamber is expanded and released by the expander 2311 and then introduced into the gas consumption device 60. When the compressed gas energy storage system is constructed as a compressed air energy storage system, the gas consumption device 60 can be constructed as a fresh air system. When the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 is constructed as a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, the gas consumption device 60 can be constructed as a carbon dioxide filling device.

[0064] Furthermore, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 can be configured as a liquefied air energy storage system. In this case, the gas storage subunit 22 includes a liquefaction device 222, a liquid storage tank 223, a third heat storage tank 227, a cold storage tank 226, a fifth heat exchanger 228, and a liquefied air pump 224. The outlet of the compression subunit 21 is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank 223 through the liquefaction device 222. The outlet of the liquid storage tank 223 is connected to the inlet of the expansion subunit 23 through the liquefied air pump 224 and the sixth heat exchange flow path 228b of the fifth heat exchanger 228. The heating port of the third heat storage tank 227 is connected to the second return port of the cold storage tank 226 through the fifth heat exchange flow path 228a of the fifth heat exchanger 228. The outlet of the liquid storage tank 223 is used to connect with the gas-consuming device 60 and can also further supply gas to the gas-consuming device 60.

[0065] In the above-described embodiments, during the liquefaction of gas in the liquefied air energy storage system, it is impossible to liquefy all the gas introduced into the storage tank 223. The unliquefied gas needs to be discharged. By connecting the gas outlet of the storage tank 223 to the gas-using device 60, the unliquefied gas can be utilized, which enables a more rational use of the gas in the compressed gas subsystem and avoids waste.

[0066] It should be understood that the fifth heat exchanger 228 is capable of heating the liquefied air flowing through the sixth heat exchange path 228b.

[0067] In some embodiments, the gas storage subunit 22 further includes a third heat exchanger 225 and a fourth heat exchanger 221. The third heat exchanger 225 includes a first heat exchange flow path 225a and a second heat exchange flow path 225b. The first supply port of the third heat storage tank 227 is connected to the first return port of the cold storage tank 226 through the first heat exchange flow path 225a. The gas outlet of the liquid storage tank 223 is connected to the gas consumption device 60 through the second heat exchange flow path 225b.

[0068] The fourth heat exchanger 221 includes a third heat exchange flow path 221a and a fourth heat exchange flow path 221b. The first supply port of the cold storage tank 226 is connected to the third heat storage tank 227 through the third heat exchange flow path 221a, and the outlet of the compression subunit 21 is connected to the liquefaction device 222 through the fourth heat exchange flow path 221b.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the heat exchange medium in the third heat storage tank 227 can flow into the cold storage tank 226 after passing through the first heat exchange flow path 225a of the third heat exchanger 225. The unliquefied gas is introduced into the gas-using device 60 through the outlet of the liquid storage tank 223 and the third heat exchange flow path 221a of the third heat exchanger 225. The gas introduced into the gas-using device 60 can be preheated by the third heat exchanger 225. When the gas-using device 60 is constructed as a fresh air device, it can provide gas with a more suitable temperature to the fresh air device.

[0070] In addition, the heat exchange medium in the cold storage tank 226 can be introduced into the third heat storage tank 227 through the third heat exchange flow path 221a of the fourth heat exchanger 221. When the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, which is configured as liquefied air energy storage, is in the energy storage stage, the gas compressed by the compression subunit 21 is discharged from the outlet of the compression subunit 21 and then flows to the liquefaction device 222 after passing through the fourth heat exchange flow path 221b. After being cooled, the gas is liquefied by the liquefaction device 222 and then introduced into the liquid storage tank 223.

[0071] It should be noted that the liquefaction device 222 can be configured arbitrarily according to actual needs. For example, the liquefaction device 222 can be constructed as a throttle valve 2220.

[0072] When the compressed gas energy storage subsystem configured as liquefied air energy storage is in the energy release phase, the liquefied air stored in the storage tank 223 will be introduced into the expansion subunit 23 for expansion and energy release. A liquefied air pump 224 is installed on the flow path connecting the storage tank 223 and the expansion subunit 23, which can be used to transport the liquefied air in the storage tank 223 to the expansion subunit 23. After the liquefied air expands and releases energy in the expansion subunit 23, it is discharged from the outlet of the expansion subunit 23.

[0073] In some embodiments, the cold storage tank 226 further includes a cooling supply interface for connecting to the cooling device 70 to provide a heat exchange medium to the cooling device 70 for refrigeration. The cooling device 70 can be constructed arbitrarily according to actual needs, for example, a low-temperature refrigeration device.

[0074] In the above-described embodiments, cold energy is provided to the cooling device 70 through the cold storage tank 226. On the one hand, there is no need to set up a separate cold source device for the cooling device 70, which saves costs. On the other hand, the cold energy in the cold storage tank 226 in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, which is constructed as a liquefied air energy storage system, can be utilized more rationally.

[0075] It should be understood that the interfaces of the first thermal storage tank 311, the second thermal storage tank 312, the third thermal storage tank 227, and the cold storage tank 226 that are connected to the external flow path can all be equipped with control valves to control the opening and closing of the interfaces, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] In some embodiments, the grid interface platform 90 includes a power storage converter 92 (PCS) for connecting to the power grid 80, and the fuel cell stack 120 is connected to the power grid 80 via the power storage converter 92. The flow battery stack 120 generates direct current (DC), which is converted to alternating current (AC) by the power storage converter 92 and then fed into the power grid 80.

[0077] As mentioned above, the compression subunit 21 includes a compressor unit 211 and an electric motor 212 for driving the compressor unit 211. The expansion subunit 23 includes an expander unit 231 and a generator 232 driven by the expander unit 231. Both the generator 232 and the electric motor 212 are connected to the power grid 80.

[0078] In the above embodiments, the generator 232 and the motor 212 can also be connected to the power grid 80 via the power grid interface platform 90. That is, the power grid interface platform 90 has an interface for connecting the generator 232 and the motor 212 to the power grid 80. Further details will not be provided here.

[0079] In some embodiments, the grid interface platform 90 further includes a coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91. The motor 212, generator 232, and energy storage converter 92 are all communicatively connected to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 for controlling the power output of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10. The control process of the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 over the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 will be described below and will not be repeated here.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the fuel cell stack 120 of the flow battery subsystem 10 and the motor 212 and generator 232 of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 are all connected to the power grid 80 through the power grid interface platform 90, so that the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 form an interconnection on the electrical equipment.

[0081] The compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 form a coupled system that controls each other and works in coordination.

[0082] As described above, this coupling system can provide at least electrical energy, thermal energy, and gas energy (or fresh air) to achieve multi-energy supply. It can provide energy to the energy storage station or various energy-consuming devices in the surrounding area without the need for separate energy supply equipment, saving costs and allowing for more rational utilization of the energy within the coupling system. When the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 in this coupling system is constructed as a liquefied air energy storage system, the coupling system can also provide cooling energy, which can be used in the cooling device 70; details will not be elaborated here.

[0083] This coupling system can be installed on the power supply side or the grid side. It can be used to smooth the power fluctuations of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power through energy storage or release, absorb the surplus power of renewable energy grid-connected power generation, and ensure uninterrupted power supply to loads, thereby ensuring the power quality and absorption rate of renewable energy.

[0084] Furthermore, when the renewable energy generation exceeds the grid's demand, or when the grid's electricity price is at a low point, this is a period of excess power, and the coupled system enters the energy storage process. During the charging process, the energy storage subsystems are selected sequentially according to the overall energy conversion efficiency. That is, the flow battery subsystem 10 is used first for energy storage, and when the flow battery subsystem 10 is full, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 is used for charging. When the renewable energy generation capacity is less than 80% of the grid's demand, a period of power shortage occurs, and the novel complementary hybrid energy storage system enters the energy release process. During the discharge process, the energy storage subsystems are selected sequentially according to the overall energy conversion efficiency; that is, the flow battery subsystem 10 is used first, followed by the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 for charging. The specific process will not be detailed here.

[0085] In some embodiments, the battery management system 100 further includes a battery co-management unit 101 communicatively connected to the energy management system 40, which controls the battery co-management unit 101 to control the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10.

[0086] In the above embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 includes a first battery management unit 24, and the flow battery includes a second battery management unit 15. Both the first battery management unit 24 and the second battery management unit 15 are communicatively connected to the battery coordination management unit 101. The battery coordination management unit 101 controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10 by controlling the first battery management unit 24 and the second battery management unit 15. The first battery management unit 24 may be the battery management unit (BMS) of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 itself, and the second battery management unit 15 may be the battery management unit (BMS) of the flow battery subsystem itself.

[0087] As mentioned above, the energy management system 40 is used to: control the power grid interface platform 90 to control the power output of the flow battery subsystem 10 and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20, control the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10, control the temperature management system 30 for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit 200 and the flow battery subsystem 10, and control the temperature management system 30 to supply heat to the heat-using device 50.

[0088] Specifically, the energy management system 40 is used to: control the heat storage unit 31 to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit 32 and the second heat exchange unit 33, and to control the heat storage unit 31 to provide heat exchange medium to the heat-using device 50.

[0089] In addition, the grid interface platform 90 also includes a coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91. The motor 212, generator 232 and energy storage converter 92 are all communicatively connected to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 to control the power output of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10.

[0090] The battery management system 100 includes a battery collaborative management unit 101, a first battery management unit 24, and a second battery management unit 15. The energy management system 40 controls the battery collaborative management unit 101, which, through controlling the first battery management unit 24 and the second battery management unit 15, controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10.

[0091] To more clearly illustrate a specific implementation of the above control process, the following is in conjunction with the appendix. Figures 1 to 3 The control processes are briefly described. The energy management system 40 is responsible for controlling the entire coupled system; the energy management system 40 can be an energy storage management system (EMS). For example... Figure 1As shown, the energy management system 40 includes a first control unit 41, a second control unit 42, and a collaborative control unit 43. The first control unit 41 is used to control the grid interface platform 90, the second control unit 42 is used to control the temperature management system 30, and the collaborative control unit 43 is used to control the battery collaborative management unit 101, the first control unit 41, and the second control unit 42 of the battery management system 100.

[0092] When the coupled system is in an energy storage application scenario, the grid 80 issues an energy storage command. After receiving the energy storage command issued by the grid 80, the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 of the grid interface platform 90 transmits the energy storage command to the energy management system 40. After receiving the energy storage command, the collaborative control unit 43 of the energy management system 40 transmits the energy storage command to the first control unit 41 and the second control unit 42. The second control unit 42 then feeds back the energy storage command to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 of the grid interface platform 90, while the collaborative control unit 43 transmits the energy storage command to the battery collaborative management unit 101.

[0093] The coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 controls the operation of the motor 212, which consumes electrical energy to rotate and drive the compressor unit 211 to compress the gas. The collaborative management unit 43 controls the first battery management unit 24 to control the gas storage subunit 22 so that the gas compressed by the compressor unit 211 is liquefied through the liquefaction device 222 and then stored in the liquid storage tank 223.

[0094] The coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 controls the motor 212 and the energy storage converter 92 simultaneously, so that the energy storage converter 92 converts the AC power from the grid 80 into DC power and supplies the DC power to the stack 120 to charge the flow battery subsystem 10. The collaborative management unit 43 controls the second battery management unit 15, so that the second battery management unit 15 controls the operation of the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132. The positive electrode circulation pump 131 drives the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the stack 120 and the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111, and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 drives the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the stack and the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112. The electrolyte consumes electrical energy and undergoes a redox reaction in the stack 120.

[0095] The second control unit 42 feeds back the energy storage command to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91. The coupled energy storage grid management unit can also control the power of the motor 212 and the power of the energy storage converter 92 from AC to DC to coordinate the storage of electrical energy in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10. For example, more energy can be stored in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20.

[0096] Because the flow battery subsystem 10 starts up quickly, the first control unit 41 prioritizes controlling the heat storage unit 31 to provide a heat transfer medium to the second heat exchange unit 33. The heat storage unit 31 includes a first heat storage tank 311 and a second heat storage tank 312, with the temperature in the first heat storage tank 311 being higher than the temperature in the second heat storage tank 312. The second heat exchange unit 33 includes a system-level heat exchanger 330. When the flow battery is first started, the first control unit 41 controls the first heat storage tank 311 in the heat storage unit 31 to introduce a heat transfer medium into the system-level heat exchanger 330 to heat the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10. After heat exchange in the system-level heat exchanger 330, the heat transfer medium is introduced into the second heat storage tank 312. After the flow battery has been running for a preset time, the electrolyte temperature in the flow battery subsystem 10 becomes high. The first control unit 41 then controls the heat transfer medium in the second heat storage tank 312 to be introduced into the system-level heat exchanger 330. This heat exchanger cools the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10, maintaining a stable electrolyte temperature. After heat exchange in the system-level heat exchanger 330, the heat transfer medium is then introduced into the first heat storage tank 311.

[0097] Then, the first control unit 41 controls the heat transfer medium in the second heat storage tank 312 to be introduced into the cooler assembly 321 to cool the gas passing through the compressor assembly 211. Then, the heat transfer medium in the cooler assembly 321 is introduced into the first heat storage tank 311. The first control unit 41 can also control the heat transfer medium in the first heat storage tank 311 to be delivered to the heat-using device 50 through the heating interface in the first heat storage tank 311.

[0098] When the coupled system is in the energy release state, the grid 80 issues an energy release command. After receiving the energy release command issued by the grid 80, the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 of the grid interface platform 90 transmits the energy release command to the energy management system 40. After receiving the energy release command, the collaborative control unit 43 of the energy management system 40 transmits the energy release command to the first control unit 41 and the second control unit 42. The second control unit 42 then feeds back the energy release command to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 of the grid interface platform 90, while the collaborative control unit 43 transmits the energy release command to the battery collaborative management unit 101.

[0099] The coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 controls the generator 232 to start. The collaborative management unit 43 controls the first battery management unit 24, so that the first battery management unit 24 controls the gas storage subunit 22 and the expander unit 231, so that the liquid gas in the liquid storage tank 223 is vaporized, heated by the reheater 3221, and then introduced into the expander unit 231. The expander unit 231 runs, thereby driving the generator 232 to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the generator 232 is connected to the grid 80 through the grid interface platform 90 to realize the energy release of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20.

[0100] The coupled energy storage grid interface management unit 91 also controls the energy storage converter 92, so that the energy storage converter 92 converts the DC power from the fuel cell stack 120 into AC power and connects the AC power to the grid 80. The collaborative management unit 43 controls the second battery management unit 15, so that the second battery management unit 15 controls the operation of the positive electrode circulation pump 131 and the negative electrode circulation pump 132. The positive electrode circulation pump 131 drives the positive electrode electrolyte to run between the fuel cell stack and the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank 111, and the negative electrode circulation pump 132 drives the negative electrode electrolyte to run between the fuel cell stack and the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank 112, so that the fuel cell stack 120 generates DC power and supplies DC power to the grid 80 through the energy storage converter 92.

[0101] The coupled energy storage grid management unit 80 can also control the power conversion from DC to AC by the energy storage converter 92 to coordinate the output of electrical energy in the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 and the flow battery subsystem 10.

[0102] Because the flow battery subsystem 10 starts up quickly, the first control unit 41 prioritizes controlling the heat storage unit 31 to provide a heat transfer medium to the second heat exchange unit 33. As described above, the heat storage unit 31 includes a first heat storage tank 311 and a second heat storage tank 312. The temperature in the first heat storage tank 311 is higher than the temperature in the second heat storage tank 312. The second heat exchange unit 33 includes a system-level heat exchanger 330. When the flow battery starts up, the first control unit 41 controls the first heat storage tank 311 in the heat storage unit 31 to introduce a heat transfer medium into the system-level heat exchanger 330 to heat the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10. After heat exchange in the system-level heat exchanger 330, the heat transfer medium is introduced into the second heat storage tank 312. After the flow battery has been running for a preset time, the electrolyte temperature in the flow battery subsystem 10 is high. The first control unit 41 controls the heat transfer medium in the second heat storage tank 312 to be introduced into the system-level heat exchanger 330, so as to cool down the electrolyte in the flow battery subsystem 10 through the system-level heat exchanger 330 and maintain the stability of the electrolyte temperature in the flow battery subsystem 10.

[0103] Then, the first control unit 41 controls the heat transfer medium in the first heat storage tank 311 to be introduced into the reheater group 322 to heat the gas passing through the expander group 231, and then the heat transfer medium in the reheater group 322 is introduced into the second heat storage tank 312. The first control unit 41 can also control the heat transfer medium in the first heat storage tank 311 to be delivered to the heat-using device 50 through the heating interface in the first heat storage tank 311.

[0104] It should be understood that, as described above, the energy management system in the coupled system can control the energy storage or release of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem 20 or the flow battery subsystem 10 in the coupled system according to power commands, so as to meet the application needs of different scenarios in the power system.

[0105] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0106] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0107] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A coupling system for compressed gas energy storage and a flow battery, characterized in that, This includes energy management systems, battery management systems, temperature management systems, grid interface platforms, and heat-using devices; The battery management system includes a flow battery subsystem and a compressed gas energy storage subsystem, both of which are used to connect to the power grid through the power grid interface platform. The compressed gas energy storage subsystem includes a gas storage and release unit for compressing and storing gas and expanding and releasing it. The temperature management system is used for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit and the flow battery subsystem. The temperature management system is also connected to a heat-using device. The energy management system is used to: control the grid interface platform so that the grid interface platform controls the electrical energy output of the flow battery subsystem and the compressed gas energy storage subsystem, controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem, controls the temperature management system for heat exchange between the gas storage and release unit and the flow battery subsystem, and controls the temperature management system to supply heat to the heat-using device.

2. The coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature management system includes a heat storage unit, a first heat exchange unit, and a second heat exchange unit. The first heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with the gas storage and release unit, and the second heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with the flow battery subsystem. The first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit are respectively connected to the heat storage unit, and the heat storage unit is used to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit. The heat storage unit also includes a heat supply interface, which is used to connect with a heat-using device to provide a heat exchange medium to the heat-using device.

3. The coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy management system is used to: control the heat storage unit to provide heat exchange medium to the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit, and to control the heat storage unit to provide heat exchange medium to the heat-using device.

4. The coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flow battery subsystem includes a capacity unit for storing electrolyte, a power unit for converting electrical energy and chemical energy, and a power unit for driving the electrolyte to flow between the capacity unit and the power unit. The heat storage unit includes a first heat storage tank and a second heat storage tank. The first heat exchange unit includes a cooler group for cooling the gas in the gas storage and release unit and a reheater group for heating the gas in the gas storage and release unit. The two ends of the cooler group are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank and the second heat storage tank, and the two ends of the reheater group are respectively connected to the first heat storage tank and the second heat storage tank. The second heat exchange unit includes a system-level heat exchanger, which includes a battery-side heat exchange flow path and a heat storage-side heat exchange flow path. The capacity unit is connected to the power unit through the battery-side heat exchange flow path, and the first heat storage tank is connected to the second heat storage tank through the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path. At least one of the first thermal storage tank and the second thermal storage tank includes the heating interface.

5. The coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system-level heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The capacity unit includes a positive electrolyte storage tank and a negative electrolyte storage tank. The power unit includes a fuel cell stack. The outlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the positive electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack. The inlet of the positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the positive electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack through the battery-side heat exchange flow path of the first heat exchanger. One end of the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first heat storage tank, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank. The outlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack. The inlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte outlet of the fuel cell stack through the battery-side heat exchange flow path of the second heat exchanger. One end of the heat storage-side heat exchange flow path of the second heat exchanger is connected to the first heat storage tank, and the other end is connected to the second heat storage tank.

6. The coupling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power unit includes a first pneumatic pump and a second pneumatic pump. The inlet of the first pneumatic pump is connected to the positive electrolyte storage tank, and the outlet of the first pneumatic pump is connected to the fuel cell stack. It is used to drive the positive electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The inlet of the second pneumatic pump is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank, and the outlet of the second pneumatic pump is connected to the fuel cell stack, which is used to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the gas storage and release unit through a power coupling unit. The power coupling unit is used to control the gas storage and release unit to supply air to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump.

7. The coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gas storage and release unit includes a compression subunit, a gas storage subunit, and an expansion subunit. The compression subunit is used for compressing the gas, the gas storage subunit is used for storing the gas, and the expansion subunit is used for expanding and releasing the gas stored in the gas storage subunit. The compression subunit, the gas storage subunit, and the expansion subunit are connected in sequence. The power coupling unit is configured as a first control valve and a second control valve. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the air outlet of the compression subunit through the first control valve. The air inlet of the first pneumatic pump and the air inlet of the second pneumatic pump are both connected to the air inlet of the expansion subunit through the second control valve. The first control valve is used to control the on / off supply of air from the compression subunit to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump. The second control valve is used to control the on / off supply of air from the compression subunit to the first pneumatic pump and the second pneumatic pump.

8. The coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power unit also includes a positive electrode circulation pump and a negative electrode circulation pump. The positive electrode circulation pump is connected to the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack respectively, and is used to drive the positive electrode electrolyte to circulate between the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The positive electrode circulation pump is connected in parallel to the first pneumatic pump. The negative electrode circulation pump is connected to the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack respectively, and is used to drive the negative electrode electrolyte to circulate between the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank and the fuel cell stack. The negative electrode circulation pump is connected in parallel to the second pneumatic pump.

9. The coupling system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flow battery subsystem also includes a capacity restoration unit, which is used to restore the capacity of the electrolyte in the capacity unit; The capacity repair unit includes a capacity repair flow path for connecting the positive electrolyte storage tank and the negative electrolyte storage tank, and a third control valve disposed in the capacity repair flow path, the third control valve being used to control the on / off state of the capacity repair flow path.

10. The coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas storage and release unit includes a compression subunit, a gas storage subunit, and an expansion subunit. The compression subunit is used for compressing the gas, the gas storage subunit is used for storing the gas, and the expansion subunit is used for expanding and releasing the gas stored in the gas storage subunit. The compression subunit, the gas storage subunit, and the expansion subunit are connected in sequence. The gas outlet of the expansion subunit is used to connect with a gas-using device to provide gas to the gas-using device.

11. The coupling system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The compressed gas energy storage subsystem is configured as a liquefied air energy storage system. The gas storage subunit includes a liquefaction device, a liquid storage tank, a third heat storage tank, a cold storage tank, a fifth heat exchanger, and a liquefied air pump. The outlet of the compression subunit is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank through the liquefaction device. The outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the expansion subunit through the liquefied air pump and the sixth heat exchange path of the fifth heat exchanger. The heating port of the third heat storage tank is connected to the second return port of the cold storage tank through the fifth heat exchange path of the fifth heat exchanger. The outlet of the liquid storage tank is used to connect to the gas-consuming device.

12. The coupling system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The gas storage subunit further includes a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange flow path and a second heat exchange flow path. The first supply port of the third heat storage tank is connected to the first return port of the cold storage tank through the first heat exchange flow path. The gas outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the gas-using device through the second heat exchange flow path. The fourth heat exchanger includes a third heat exchange flow path and a fourth heat exchange flow path. The first supply port of the cold storage tank is connected to the third heat storage tank through the third heat exchange flow path, and the outlet of the compression subunit is connected to the liquefaction device through the fourth heat exchange flow path.

13. The coupling system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The cold storage tank also includes a cooling interface, which is used to connect with a cooling device and to provide a heat exchange medium from the cold storage tank to the cooling device.

14. The coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The grid interface platform includes an energy storage converter for connecting to the power grid, and the fuel cell stack is connected to the power grid via the energy storage converter; and The compression subunit includes a compressor unit and an electric motor for driving the compressor unit. The expansion subunit includes an expander unit and a generator driven by the expander unit. Both the generator and the electric motor are connected to the power grid.

15. The coupling system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The grid interface platform also includes a coupled energy storage grid interface management unit. The motor, the generator, and the energy storage converter are all communicatively connected to the coupled energy storage grid interface management unit to control the power output of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem.

16. The coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management system further includes a battery coordination management unit that is communicatively connected to the energy management system. The energy management system controls the battery coordination management unit so that the battery coordination management unit controls the operation of the compressed gas energy storage subsystem and the flow battery subsystem.

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