Power supply device and method for directly driving low-power-consumption equipment by utilizing mine ventilation kinetic energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply device and method for directly driving low-power-consumption equipment by utilizing mine ventilation kinetic energy, and belongs to the technical field of mine safety and new energy comprehensive utilization, and the power supply device comprises a wind energy capturing module, an anti-explosion power generation and transmission module, an electric energy management module, a safety protection module and an equipment mounting and fixing module. According to the device and the method, power is directly supplied to the low-power-consumption sensing node, wind speed fluctuation is coped with by means of MPPT, energy storage and the like, power supply wiring is remarkably simplified, maintenance cost is reduced, meanwhile, it is ensured that necessary safety and reliability are achieved in an explosion dangerous environment, and the device and the method have important practical significance and wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine safety and new energy comprehensive utilization technology, and relates to a power supply device and method for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy. Background Technology

[0002] The underground environment of coal mines presents hazardous factors such as methane, coal dust, and toxic gases. To monitor underground environmental parameters, equipment operating status, and personnel location in real time, a large number of various sensors and related low-power electronic devices need to be deployed. Furthermore, underground communication systems and emergency broadcasting systems also contain numerous low-power nodes. These sensors must be powered 24 / 7. Currently, the power supply for underground sensors mainly relies on two modes: (1) Centralized cable power supply: Cables are laid over long distances to various electrical equipment via the underground power grid of the coal mine. This method has significant drawbacks: ① Poor engineering and economic efficiency: Laying a large number of armored cables and signal lines results in a large workload, high material costs, and a long construction period. ② Complex maintenance: The long lines make it difficult to troubleshoot faults, and the cables are susceptible to deformation, compression, moisture, and corrosion in the roadway, leading to a high failure rate and resulting in insulation degradation, short circuits, or wire breaks, making maintenance work arduous. ③ Safety risks: Cable damage may lead to leakage and short circuits, posing a major safety hazard in areas where gas accumulates. ④ Energy waste: Long-distance power transmission results in line losses and low energy utilization efficiency. ⑤ Poor flexibility: Cable power supply is extremely inconvenient for mobile equipment or sensors that require frequent position adjustments.

[0003] (2) Distributed battery power supply: Equip the sensors with dedicated batteries. This method also has bottlenecks: ① Lifespan and maintenance issues: The battery cycle life is limited and needs to be replaced regularly. In underground mines where sensors are widely distributed and in concealed locations, replacement work consumes a lot of manpower and resources. ② Poor environmental adaptability: The low temperature and high humidity environment underground will accelerate the degradation of battery performance, affect the reliability of power supply, and may lead to sudden power outages, data loss, or monitoring interruption. ③ Environmental pressure: Improper recycling and disposal of large quantities of waste batteries will cause environmental pollution underground.

[0004] Meanwhile, to meet the needs of safe production, powerful mechanical ventilation systems have been established underground in coal mines, creating continuous, stable, and considerable airflow (typically reaching 6-15 m / s) along key ventilation paths such as main intake and return air roadways and mining area main roadways. These airflows contain considerable kinetic energy, which is currently not effectively utilized and represents a neglected renewable energy source. If this wind energy could be utilized to directly power low-power equipment underground through miniaturized, explosion-proof wind power generation devices, it would fundamentally solve many of the drawbacks of traditional power supply methods.

[0005] Currently, there is no mature solution among existing technologies and products that can safely, efficiently, and reliably convert this portion of wind energy into electrical energy and directly serve underground monitoring equipment in coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low-cost, direct-drive, explosion-proof power supply device and method for utilizing wind energy in underground coal mine environments. It can directly power low-power sensing nodes and cope with wind speed fluctuations through MPPT, energy storage, and other means, significantly simplifying power supply wiring and reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, it ensures the necessary safety and reliability in explosive hazardous environments, which has important practical significance and broad application prospects.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, the present invention provides a power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using the kinetic energy of mine ventilation, including a wind energy capture module, an anti-explosive power transmission module, a power management module, a safety protection module, and an equipment installation and fixing module; The wind energy capture module is used to capture wind energy and convert it into mechanical energy; The explosion-proof power and transmission module is used to transfer mechanical energy to a generator within an intrinsically safe explosion-proof enclosure to generate electricity. The power management module is used to realize AC / DC rectification, MPPT maximum power point tracking control, and energy storage buffering. The safety protection module is used to ensure the safe operation of the entire power supply device and the connected low-power devices. The equipment installation and fixing module is used to install the entire power supply device on the top, side wall or special bracket of the roadway, facing the direction of airflow.

[0008] Furthermore, the explosion-proof power supply and transmission module includes an explosion-proof housing, a magnetic coupling transmission mechanism, and a generator; The explosion-proof enclosure is a cylindrical intrinsically safe explosion-proof enclosure; the magnetic coupling transmission mechanism includes an outer permanent magnet rotor and an inner permanent magnet rotor; the generator is located inside the explosion-proof enclosure; the outer permanent magnet rotor is located on the main shaft outside the explosion-proof enclosure, and the inner permanent magnet rotor is located on the input shaft of the generator; the inner and outer permanent magnet rotors are completely physically isolated by a non-magnetic isolation sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the power management module includes an AC / DC rectification unit, an MPPT maximum power point tracking control unit, an energy storage and buffer unit, and a voltage regulation output unit; The AC / DC rectifier unit is used to rectify the three-phase AC power output from the generator into pulsating DC power. The MPPT maximum power point tracking control unit uses the perturbation observation method or the incremental conductance method algorithm to adjust the equivalent load of the generator in real time, so that the wind turbine operates at the maximum power output point. The energy storage and buffer unit uses supercapacitor banks as energy storage elements to store excess electrical energy when there is sufficient wind or low load demand, and to supply power to the load when there is no wind or weak wind and insufficient power generation. The voltage regulation output unit adopts a DC-DC buck / boost voltage regulation circuit to convert the unstable DC power at the front end into a stable voltage, and has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions.

[0010] Furthermore, the power management module is mounted on a circuit board inside the explosion-proof housing and connected to the output terminal of the generator.

[0011] Furthermore, the safety protection module includes an overvoltage protection unit, an undervoltage protection unit, an overcurrent protection unit, a short circuit protection unit, an overtemperature protection unit, a battery protection unit, and a linkage interlocking unit; The overvoltage protection unit and undervoltage protection unit are used to prevent excessively high or low voltage input to subsequent modules or loads. The overcurrent protection unit is used to disconnect the circuit when an overcurrent fault occurs. The short-circuit protection unit is used to disconnect the circuit when a short-circuit fault occurs. The over-temperature protection unit monitors the temperature of key components and takes measures such as derating or power-off when the temperature exceeds a set threshold. The battery protection unit is used to prevent the battery from being overcharged, over-discharged, over-current, and short-circuited. The interlocking unit is used to automatically cut off the power supply to the non-intrinsically safe parts when the surrounding gas concentration exceeds the standard, while retaining only the necessary intrinsically safe sensing and communication functions.

[0012] Furthermore, the equipment installation and fixing module adopts a clamp bracket or an adjustable universal arm; the clamp bracket is connected with a universal joint and has a long hole and a locking mechanism, so as to adapt to roadway anchor bolts, U-shaped steel or arched supports of different diameters, and can realize 360-degree horizontal rotation and ±30-degree pitch angle adjustment.

[0013] On the other hand, a power supply method for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy includes the following steps: S1: Deploy the power supply device in an area where the underground wind speed is stable for a long time and there are monitoring devices, and measure and adjust the windward direction parameters; S2: The wind energy capture module converts wind energy into mechanical energy and transfers the energy to the generator through a magnetic coupling transmission mechanism; S3: Construct an AC / DC rectification, MPPT maximum power point tracking control, energy storage buffer and safety protection system; S4: The generator outputs stable DC power to drive low-power consumption nodes; S5: Utilize an independent microgrid system in conjunction with the buffering effect of supercapacitors to ensure system redundancy under special conditions of low-power consumption nodes.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Intrinsic safety and high reliability: The innovative magnetic coupling non-contact transmission design completely eliminates the potential spark hazards from rotating parts, meeting the highest explosion-proof requirements. Modular design and solid-state electronics ensure the device's long lifespan and high reliability.

[0015] 2. Significant Energy Self-Sufficiency and Benefits: By converting the energy dissipated by ventilation necessary for mines into valuable electrical energy, the energy of underground monitoring equipment is made self-sufficient on-site, greatly reducing the costs of cable procurement, laying and maintenance, resulting in extremely low total life-cycle costs and reducing the workload and operational risks of maintenance personnel.

[0016] 3. Simplified System and Flexible Deployment: Eliminating the need for a complex power supply network, the device is ready to use immediately upon installation. Its deployment location can be quickly and flexibly adjusted according to changes in monitoring needs, greatly enhancing the scalability and adaptability of the mine monitoring system. By adding a battery energy storage module, the impact of wind speed fluctuations on power supply can be mitigated to some extent, improving power supply continuity.

[0017] 4. Enhanced Safety Monitoring Resilience: A "never-ending" power supply, independent of the main power grid, is provided for critical sensors. Through the synergy of MPPT (Multi-Power Transmission Platform) and energy storage, adaptability to wind speed fluctuations is improved, ensuring continuous power supply and stable operation of the low-power sensor network. Even in the event of a main power system failure, the continuous acquisition and uploading of core safety data is guaranteed, forming an important backup force for mine safety.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 Diagram showing the module configuration of a power supply device that utilizes the kinetic energy of mine ventilation to directly drive low-power equipment; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a power supply method for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0021] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0022] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0023] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using the kinetic energy of mine ventilation. It adopts a modular integrated design and mainly includes: a wind energy capture module, an anti-explosive power transmission module, a power management module, a safety protection module, and an equipment installation and fixing module.

[0024] 1. Wind energy capture module: Structural Design: The preferred design is a low-wind-speed start-up wind turbine, such as a vertical-axis Darrieus or Savonius type, or an aerodynamically optimized low-wind-speed horizontal-axis wind turbine. The vertical-axis design is insensitive to wind direction and can effectively capture complex and variable non-directional wind energy, potentially including vortices, downhole; the horizontal-axis design can achieve higher efficiency in directional airflow.

[0025] Materials and Processes: The blades are manufactured using a one-piece molding process with high-strength, lightweight, flame-retardant, and antistatic composite materials (such as carbon fiber / flame-retardant nylon). The blade surface is treated with an antistatic coating and its roughness is optimized to prevent dust accumulation and the risk of electrostatic discharge.

[0026] Speed-increasing mechanism: It adopts planetary gear or belt drive and can be matched with the wind turbine speed and the generator's optimal operating speed. When the natural wind speed is low, the speed-increasing mechanism can increase the generator output.

[0027] 2. Explosion-proof electrical and transmission module: Explosion-proof enclosure: Adopts explosion-proof or intrinsically safe + explosion-proof composite enclosures that meet national standards to prevent internal electrical sparks or high temperatures from igniting external gas or coal dust. The enclosure is made of high-strength cast aluminum or stainless steel, with all mating surfaces precision-machined as explosion-proof surfaces and equipped with anti-loosening bolts. The lead wire interface uses a mining standard explosion-proof gland.

[0028] Magnetic coupling transmission mechanism: To achieve absolute intrinsic safety, this invention abandons the traditional shaft-through dynamic sealing method. The specific structure is as follows: the wind turbine main shaft is supported by bearings outside the explosion-proof housing, with an outer permanent magnet rotor fixed at its end; the generator is placed inside the explosion-proof housing, with an inner permanent magnet rotor fixed on its input shaft; the inner and outer permanent magnet rotors are completely physically isolated by a non-magnetic isolation sleeve. Power is transmitted non-contactly through the strong magnetic coupling force between the permanent magnets, fundamentally eliminating the risk of flammable gas intrusion or frictional sparks caused by shaft seal wear.

[0029] Generator: A high-efficiency, low-speed starting radial permanent magnet synchronous generator is selected. Its design operating speed matches the common wind speed range in underground mines (4-15m / s), enabling it to start quickly and output effective electrical energy at low wind speeds.

[0030] 3. Power Management Module: This module is integrated onto a circuit board inside an explosion-proof enclosure and connected to the generator's output. It includes an AC / DC rectifier unit, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control unit, an energy storage and buffer unit, and a regulated output unit.

[0031] Rectifier unit: Rectifies the three-phase AC power output from the generator into pulsating DC power.

[0032] The MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control unit is a dedicated microprocessor that uses a perturbation observation method or incremental conductance method algorithm to adjust the equivalent load of the generator in real time, so that the wind turbine can work at the maximum power output point, which can significantly improve energy harvesting efficiency, especially when the wind speed fluctuates.

[0033] Energy Storage and Buffer Unit: Employing supercapacitor banks as the primary energy storage components, this unit stores excess electrical energy when wind speed is sufficient or load demand is low, and supplies power to the load when there is no wind or weak wind and insufficient power generation, ensuring continuous power supply. It features fast charging and discharging speeds, long cycle life (up to millions of cycles), and excellent high and low temperature performance, making it suitable for smoothing power fluctuations caused by wind speed variations and for optimizing and selectively storing electrical energy based on load demand and wind conditions.

[0034] Regulated output unit: It adopts a DC-DC buck / boost voltage regulator circuit to convert the unstable DC power at the front end into a stable voltage (such as 12VDC / 24VDC) required by the sensor, and has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions.

[0035] 4. Safety protection module: This system ensures the safe operation of the entire power supply unit and connected low-power devices. It includes overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, overtemperature protection, battery protection, and interlocking units. The overvoltage / undervoltage protection unit prevents excessively high or low voltage input to downstream modules or loads; the overcurrent / short-circuit protection unit quickly disconnects the circuit when an overcurrent or short-circuit fault occurs; the overtemperature protection unit monitors the temperature of critical components (such as generators, batteries, and power devices) and takes derating or power-off measures when the temperature exceeds a set threshold; the battery protection unit prevents overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, and short circuits, extending battery life and ensuring safety; the interlocking unit automatically cuts off power to non-intrinsically safe components when it detects excessive ambient gas concentration, retaining only essential intrinsically safe sensing and communication functions.

[0036] 5. Equipment installation and fixing module: It adopts a high-strength "C"-shaped clamp bracket or an adjustable universal arm. The bracket is designed with elongated holes and a locking mechanism, which can flexibly adapt to roadway anchor bolts, U-shaped steel or arched brackets of different diameters, and can achieve 360-degree horizontal rotation and ±30-degree pitch angle adjustment to ensure that the wind energy capture module is always aligned with the main wind flow direction. The installation and fixing mechanism is used to securely install the entire power generation module on the top, side wall or special bracket of the roadway, ensuring that it does not affect pedestrians and transportation, and can adapt to different roadway cross-sections.

[0037] Example 2: In this embodiment, the power supply device is applied to the intake airway of a coal mine to power an underground wireless temperature and humidity sensor (operating voltage 3.3V, average power consumption <10mA).

[0038] The wind energy capture module uses a three-bladed H-type vertical axis wind turbine with a blade diameter of 0.4 meters and a height of 0.6 meters, made of flame-retardant and antistatic carbon fiber composite material. The average wind speed in the tunnel is 7 m / s. The airflow drives the wind turbine to rotate, which in turn drives a permanent magnet synchronous generator to generate electricity through a speed-increasing mechanism, outputting approximately AC 20-28V.

[0039] The core components of the explosion-proof power and transmission module are encapsulated within a cylindrical explosion-proof enclosure. An external permanent magnet rotor is mounted on the main shaft outside the enclosure, while an internal permanent magnet rotor is mounted on the input shaft of the internal generator (rated power 50W). The inner and outer rotors are separated by a 3mm thick 316L stainless steel insulating sleeve, forming a complete explosion-proof barrier.

[0040] The power management module is integrated onto a single PCB board. The AC / DC rectifier unit rectifies the power into pulsating DC, which is then filtered into smooth DC by an LC filter unit. Its MPPT controller is based on a perturbation-observation algorithm. The MPPT control unit monitors the generator's output voltage and current in real time, calculates the power, and adjusts the duty cycle using the perturbation-observation method to keep the generator operating at its maximum power point. For example, when wind speed increases, causing the generator voltage to rise, the MPPT unit adjusts the load to adjust the current accordingly to track the maximum power. The total capacity of the supercapacitor bank is 100F / 32V, sufficient to maintain the sensor's normal operation for over 3 minutes under windless conditions. The power management unit detects that the power generation is approximately 30W (24V, 1.25A), far exceeding the sensor load (3.3V*0.01A=0.033W), and simultaneously detects that the supercapacitor bank's current charge is 60%. Therefore, the power management unit controls the use of most of the power (approximately 24V, 1A) to charge the supercapacitor bank.

[0041] The equipment installation and fixing module is a double clamp structure with universal joints, which is locked to the anchor bolts on the roof or side of the tunnel, and can be easily adjusted to make the blower face the direction of airflow.

[0042] Field tests showed that in a roadway with an average wind speed of 7 m / s, the device could stably output more than 15W of power, far exceeding the sensor's requirements. The output cable was connected to the gas sensor via an explosion-proof gland, and the system operated stably and reliably.

[0043] Example 3: The modules of the power supply device described in this embodiment are selected as follows: Miniaturized explosion-proof wind power generation module: Utilizes a lightweight nylon fiber-reinforced plastic wind turbine with a diameter of 300mm, employing a three-blade design, suitable for wind speeds ranging from 1.5m / s to 12m / s. The generator is a 24V permanent magnet synchronous generator with a rated power of 100W. Equipped with a miniature planetary gear speed-increasing mechanism (14 gears) with a speed-increasing ratio of 3:1. The explosion-proof housing is made of cast aluminum alloy and undergoes explosion-proof treatment, achieving an Exd I Mb rating. The installation and fixing mechanism uses adjustable clamps and expansion bolts, and is installed on the upper part of the sidewall of the main roadway in the mining area, at least 2.5 meters above the roadway floor.

[0044] Power Management and Storage Module: The AC / DC rectifier unit uses a full-bridge rectifier circuit; the filter unit uses an LC filter; the MPPT control unit uses the MPPT600 control chip based on the perturbation-observation method. The rechargeable battery pack is a 24V / 10Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack with an explosion-proof casing. The core of the power management unit is an STM32L series low-power MCU, responsible for controlling the charging current, discharging protection, and communication with the MPPT.

[0045] Voltage Conversion and Regulation Module: The DC / DC conversion unit uses the high-efficiency synchronous buck chip XL4015, with an input voltage range of 12-36V and an adjustable output voltage. The regulation unit uses the low-dropout linear regulator AMS1117, providing two stable outputs: 3.3V and 5V, with maximum output currents of 1A and 1.5A respectively.

[0046] Safety protection modules: Overvoltage protection unit with a threshold of 30V and undervoltage protection threshold of 20V; overcurrent protection unit with an output overcurrent threshold of 2A; overtemperature protection unit monitors battery and DC / DC chip temperature with a threshold of 60℃; battery protection unit is integrated into the battery management system (BMS) to provide overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection; interlocking unit can automatically cut off power to non-intrinsically safe equipment based on whether the gas concentration exceeds the standard; the entire device has an IP66 enclosure protection rating.

[0047] Example 4: like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a power supply method for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy, including the following steps: S1: System Site Selection and Deployment: The system should be deployed in an area underground where its impact on mine ventilation resistance is negligible and where monitoring equipment is available. An anemometer should be used to survey the area and select a location with stable wind speeds that are consistently higher than the system's startup wind speed (e.g., ≥4 m / s). The power supply unit should be securely fixed to the roadway support structure using mounting brackets, and its windward direction should be adjusted by measuring the anemometer.

[0048] S2: Energy Capture and Transfer: The airflow in the tunnel drives the blades of the wind energy capture module to rotate, converting wind energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then efficiently transferred to the internal generator through a contactless magnetic coupling transmission mechanism, penetrating the isolation sleeve of the explosion-proof enclosure, thus achieving safe energy transfer between the two sides of the explosion-proof barrier.

[0049] S3: Power Conversion and Optimization Management: The generator rotates to produce alternating current (AC), which is then converted to direct current (DC) by the rectifier unit. The MPPT unit continuously tracks and controls the generator to operate at its maximum power output point. The generated power follows the principle of "priority direct supply, surplus storage": first, it meets the load requirements of the real-time connected sensors, and excess energy charges the supercapacitor bank; when the power generation is insufficient, the supercapacitor bank seamlessly discharges to supplement it.

[0050] S4: Stable Output and Device Drivers The regulated output unit processes the managed electrical energy into a clean and stable DC power supply, which is directly connected to the low-power sensor through the intrinsically safe output interface to achieve end-to-end direct drive of "wind-electricity-sensor".

[0051] S5: System Self-Maintenance and Redundancy: This device constitutes an independent microgrid system. The supercapacitor smooths out power fluctuations caused by wind speed fluctuations, ensuring that the sensor will not restart or fail due to power interruption during short-term drastic fluctuations or brief periods of wind speed stagnation. This provides valuable system redundancy and optimizes and selectively stores electrical energy according to load demand and wind conditions.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply device that utilizes the kinetic energy of mine ventilation to directly drive low-power equipment, characterized in that: It includes a wind energy capture module, an explosion prevention and transmission module, a power management module, a safety protection module, and an equipment installation and fixing module; The wind energy capture module is used to capture wind energy and convert it into mechanical energy; The explosion-proof power and transmission module is used to transfer mechanical energy to a generator within an intrinsically safe explosion-proof enclosure to generate electricity. The power management module is used to realize AC / DC rectification, MPPT maximum power point tracking control, and energy storage buffering. The safety protection module is used to ensure the safe operation of the entire power supply device and the connected low-power devices. The equipment installation and fixing module is used to install the entire power supply device on the top, side wall or special bracket of the roadway, facing the direction of airflow.

2. The power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof power and transmission module includes an explosion-proof housing, a magnetic coupling transmission mechanism, and a generator; The explosion-proof enclosure is a cylindrical intrinsically safe explosion-proof enclosure; the magnetic coupling transmission mechanism includes an outer permanent magnet rotor and an inner permanent magnet rotor; the generator is installed inside the explosion-proof enclosure; The outer permanent magnet rotor is mounted on the main shaft outside the explosion-proof housing, and the inner permanent magnet rotor is mounted on the generator input shaft; The inner and outer permanent magnet rotors are completely physically isolated by a non-magnetic isolation sleeve.

3. The power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module includes an AC / DC rectification unit, an MPPT maximum power point tracking control unit, an energy storage and buffer unit, and a voltage regulation output unit; The AC / DC rectifier unit is used to rectify the three-phase AC power output from the generator into pulsating DC power. The MPPT maximum power point tracking control unit uses the perturbation observation method or the incremental conductance method algorithm to adjust the equivalent load of the generator in real time, so that the wind turbine operates at the maximum power output point. The energy storage and buffer unit uses supercapacitor banks as energy storage elements to store excess electrical energy when there is sufficient wind or low load demand, and to supply power to the load when there is no wind or weak wind and insufficient power generation. The voltage regulation output unit adopts a DC-DC buck / boost voltage regulation circuit to convert the unstable DC power at the front end into a stable voltage, and has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions.

4. The power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power management module is mounted on a circuit board inside the explosion-proof enclosure and connected to the output terminal of the generator.

5. The power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety protection module includes an overvoltage protection unit, an undervoltage protection unit, an overcurrent protection unit, a short circuit protection unit, an overtemperature protection unit, a battery protection unit, and a linkage interlocking unit. The overvoltage protection unit and undervoltage protection unit are used to prevent excessively high or low voltage input to subsequent modules or loads. The overcurrent protection unit is used to disconnect the circuit when an overcurrent fault occurs. The short-circuit protection unit is used to disconnect the circuit when a short-circuit fault occurs. The over-temperature protection unit monitors the temperature of key components and takes measures such as derating or power-off when the temperature exceeds a set threshold. The battery protection unit is used to prevent the battery from being overcharged, over-discharged, over-current, and short-circuited. The interlocking unit is used to automatically cut off the power supply to the non-intrinsically safe parts when the surrounding gas concentration exceeds the standard, while retaining only the necessary intrinsically safe sensing and communication functions.

6. The power supply device for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment installation and fixing module adopts a clamp bracket or an adjustable universal arm; the clamp bracket is connected with a universal joint and has a long hole and a locking mechanism, so as to adapt to roadway anchor bolts, U-shaped steel or arched supports of different diameters, and can realize 360-degree horizontal rotation and ±30-degree pitch angle adjustment.

7. A power supply method for directly driving low-power equipment using mine ventilation kinetic energy, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Deploy the power supply device in an area where the underground wind speed is stable for a long time and there are monitoring devices, and measure and adjust the windward direction parameters; S2: The wind energy capture module converts wind energy into mechanical energy and transfers the energy to the generator through a magnetic coupling transmission mechanism; S3: Construct an AC / DC rectification, MPPT maximum power point tracking control, energy storage buffer and safety protection system; S4: The generator outputs stable DC power to drive low-power consumption nodes; S5: Utilize an independent microgrid system in conjunction with the buffering effect of supercapacitors to ensure system redundancy under special conditions of low-power consumption nodes.

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