Pneumatic thermal composite ice preventing and removing device and control method thereof
By combining a composite heating film and a plasma jet disturbance component in the anti-icing and de-icing device, stable heating and synergistic effects of aerodynamic shear force under extreme icing conditions are achieved, solving the problems of uneven temperature distribution and low energy conversion efficiency in existing technologies, and improving the efficiency and aerodynamic performance of anti-icing and de-icing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AIR FORCE UNIV PLA
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing anti-icing and de-icing technologies suffer from problems such as uneven temperature distribution, low energy conversion efficiency, and reduced gas discharge efficiency in high-altitude environments, resulting in poor anti-icing and de-icing effects, especially in low-pressure and low-density environments.
The system employs a composite heating film and a plasma jet disturbance component. The composite heating film includes an insulating base layer, a functional heating layer, and a surface protective layer. The functional heating layer is a resin-based carbon nanotube electrothermal film, and the surface protective layer is a hydrophobic topcoat. The plasma jet disturbance component includes a lower and upper electrode array. An ionized air layer and an ion wind are generated through a corona power supply. The combination of the heating effect of the electrothermal film and the aerodynamic shear force of the plasma achieves rapid de-icing.
Stable and uniform heating under extreme icing conditions was achieved, reducing ice adhesion. The plasma wind shear force promoted ice peeling, improving the efficiency and aerodynamic performance of anti-icing and de-icing, reducing the impact efficiency of supercooled water droplets, and avoiding the ablation of device components.
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Figure CN121842874A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of plasma technology. Background Technology
[0002] When outdoor equipment is performing tasks, it frequently encounters supercooled water, causing components to freeze. Icing poses a systemic and multi-layered serious threat to operational safety and even the equipment's maneuverability. For example, at the aerodynamic level, ice accumulation fundamentally alters the original profile of critical aerodynamic surfaces such as equipment components. In particular, "corner ice" formed at the leading edge disrupts streamlined design, causing premature separation of the boundary layer airflow, resulting in significant performance degradation. It also causes the stall angle of attack to occur significantly earlier, and the working envelope to narrow sharply. In terms of operational mechanics, icing severely deteriorates the stability and maneuverability of the equipment, leading not only to reduced efficiency and abnormal stick forces, but also, in severe cases, potentially causing dangerous longitudinal oscillations.
[0003] In terms of structural safety, the continuous accumulation of ice not only significantly increases the weight of the equipment and changes its center of gravity, but also induces strong aeroelastic vibrations and structural fluttering due to its asymmetrical shedding, which will accelerate the metal fatigue of the structure under long-term effects. These interconnected hazards together constitute the complex challenges faced by outdoor equipment in icy environments. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive anti-icing and de-icing system to ensure the anti-icing and de-icing performance of critical components and to guarantee the rapid response of the anti-icing and de-icing system, thereby ensuring the safe execution of work tasks.
[0004] Currently, de-icing technologies for devices are mainly divided into three categories: mechanical, liquid, and thermal, each with its own application scenarios and limitations. Mechanical de-icing systems primarily refer to airbag de-icing systems. Inflatable rubber airbags are installed at key locations such as the leading edge of device components. Through periodic inflation and deflation, the surface ice layer breaks up and is then blown away by airflow. Disadvantages include altering the aerodynamic shape of the device components during operation, potentially causing slight vibration and noise; and the risk of aging, fatigue, and damage to the rubber airbags. Liquid anti-icing systems spray anti-icing fluid (such as glycol-based liquid) through micropores distributed on the surfaces of device components, engine intake ducts, etc. The liquid forms a thin film on the surface, lowering the freezing point of water and preventing ice from condensing or making it easier for airflow to disperse. Disadvantages include the consumable nature of the anti-icing fluid, which can only maintain operation for a limited time and cannot be used for extended periods. Thermal anti-icing involves drawing high-temperature, high-pressure air from the engine compressor and delivering it through pipes to the internal cavities of device components, such as the leading edge and tail fin, directly heating the skin. Electrothermal anti-icing involves embedding electric heating elements in areas prone to icing (such as the windshield and sensors), using resistance heating to prevent icing. However, engine anti-icing systems can lead to a loss of engine thrust and reduced fuel efficiency.
[0005] Single-plasma anti-icing systems are based on the principle of dielectric barrier discharge, generating plasma through gas ionization between a high-voltage electrode and a grounded electrode. These systems utilize the heat and ion wind effect generated during plasma discharge to achieve anti-icing. Plasma promotes convective heat transfer, resulting in higher anti-icing efficiency. Compared to electrothermal films, plasma technology offers advantages such as faster response speed, direct heating of air and supercooled water droplets, and improved boundary layer flow by inducing wall jets. However, single-plasma systems also have significant drawbacks: the temperature distribution in the discharge region is extremely uneven, with higher temperatures near the electrodes and insufficient temperatures at the center of the de-icing area, significantly reducing the anti-icing and de-icing effectiveness; in low-pressure, low-density high-altitude environments, gas discharge efficiency decreases significantly, further diminishing the anti-icing effect; and a high-voltage adapter is required, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device and its control method.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution:
[0008] A pneumatic thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device includes a composite heating film, which includes an insulating base layer, a functional heating layer, and a surface protective layer, and also includes an airborne anti-icing and de-icing power supply. The functional heating layer uses a resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film, and the functional heating layer is electrically connected to the airborne anti-icing power supply. The surface protective layer is formed by spraying a hydrophobic topcoat onto its surface; A plasma jet disturbance component is provided at the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device component. The plasma jet disturbance component includes a lower electrode array and an upper electrode array. The lower electrode array is located on the functional heating layer, and the upper electrode array is located below the surface protection layer. In the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device component, wind holes with a diameter of 1-5 mm are added. The wind holes are arranged in an array. The specific arrangement area is determined according to the strength of the device component and the icing requirements. The wind holes pass through the surface protection layer and the functional heating layer in sequence and finally extend to the insulating base layer. The upper electrode array and the lower electrode array are arranged at the wind holes. A corona power supply is also provided. The lower electrode array is connected to the high voltage output terminal of the corona power supply, and the upper electrode array is connected to the ground terminal of the corona power supply.
[0009] Through the above scheme, when the system determines icing based on real-time sensor monitoring data, the control unit issues a command. When the system determines that the current environment is severely icy or requires emergency de-icing, it issues a signal for enhanced de-icing mode. The control unit issues a maximum power command signal: the heating layer of the composite heating film operates at full power, and the surface temperature rises. Simultaneously, corona array discharge technology is used to generate an ionized air layer. At this time, coupling occurs between the systems, and the large amount of heat generated by the heating layer of the composite heating film is rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. At the same time, a powerful ion wind applies a continuous aerodynamic shear force to the loosened ice layer on the surface, and electrothermal further weakens the ice layer adhesion, significantly reducing the adhesion of the ice layer. Finally, under the combined action of thermal stress, shear force, and the weight of the ice surface itself, large pieces of ice will make a "crack" sound, break off from the surface, and be blown away by the external airflow, achieving rapid and clean de-icing. The plasma wind generated by the plasma greatly reduces the impact efficiency of supercooled water droplets, reducing the risk of icing at the source. Furthermore, active flow control generates positive aerodynamic benefits and enables efficient electrothermal transfer to the surface of device components, preventing ablation. The innovative fusion of plasma technology and electrothermal film technology achieves a synergistic anti-icing and de-icing effect unattainable by either technology alone. The functional heating layer provides stable and uniform substrate heating, ensuring the entire protective surface remains within a non-icing temperature range; this composite working mechanism demonstrates significant advantages under extreme icing conditions. The electrothermal film melts the ice-film interface, reducing adhesion strength; the plasma-induced ion wind provides continuous aerodynamic shear force, promoting the overall peeling off of the ice layer.
[0010] Furthermore, the surface protective layer has a thickness of 5-10 μm, a water contact angle greater than 150°, and a roll-off angle less than 5°.
[0011] Through the above scheme, the ultrathin superhydrophobic surface protective layer endows the device surface with extremely low surface energy. The high-performance dielectric layer ensures the reliability and lifespan of the plasma generation components, while the superhydrophobic surface provides the first line of physical defense, making it difficult for impacting water droplets to spread and adhere, and making them easily roll off under the action of airflow or gravity, thus passively reducing the possibility of icing. Together with active heating and aerodynamic measures, this forms a multi-level protection system.
[0012] Furthermore, the insulating substrate layer is prepared using a high-performance polyimide film with a thickness controlled at 100-200 μm, and the copper foil strip of the lower electrode array has a thickness of 18-35 μm, with the surface of the copper foil strip undergoing an anti-oxidation treatment.
[0013] The above scheme uses a high-performance polyimide film as the insulating substrate layer and controls its thickness with the underlying copper foil electrode, ensuring the flexibility, insulation, and adhesion to the body structure of the entire film.
[0014] Furthermore, the upper electrode array is made of indium tin oxide conductive material with a transmittance of over 85% and a sheet resistance of less than 20 Ω / □; the functional heating layer has a thickness of 20-30 μm and a sheet resistance of 80-120 Ω / □.
[0015] The above scheme employs indium tin oxide (ITO) as the upper electrode, which has high light transmittance and low sheet resistance, while the functional heating layer uses a resin-based carbon nanotube film with specific sheet resistance. These material and parameter selections optimize the device's mechanical and electrical properties, ensuring good electrode conductivity, uniform heating, and controllable efficiency.
[0016] A control method using the above-mentioned anti-icing and de-icing device includes the following steps: Step S1: After the system starts up, it first performs a self-test, and each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time to determine the current icing situation. Step S2: When the system determines that there is slight icing or that the liquid has passed through the supercooled droplet area based on the data monitored in real time by the sensor, the control unit will issue a command to drive the composite heating film to open and continuously heat to suppress the formation of ice surface; Step S3: When the system determines that the current environment is moderately icing or passing through a supercooled droplet area based on the real-time monitoring data of the sensors, the enhanced mode for moderately icing or passing through a supercooled droplet area is activated. Based on step S2, the corona power supply is connected to the lower electrode array and the upper electrode array arranged on the device surface to apply a high-frequency high-voltage pulse voltage, so as to generate an electronic wind between the electrode arrays, i.e., a local airflow channel, thereby inducing a continuous plasma wind perpendicular to the wall on the device surface, i.e., driving the gas to move uniformly from the inside of the device component to the outside. At the same time, the airborne anti-icing power supply and the functional heating layer are activated. The plasma wind drives the heat generated by the resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film arranged around it to diffuse outward. The heat flow mixes with the cold air on the surface of the device component, and simultaneously helps the heat of the electric heating film to go to the surface of the device component, so that the heat of the surface of the device component and the adjacent air layer meets the anti-icing requirements and the supercooled water droplets blown from the front will not accumulate on the device component. Step S4: When the system determines that the current environment is in a state of severe icing or requires emergency de-icing based on the real-time monitoring data of the sensors, the system will issue a signal for enhanced de-icing mode, and the control unit will issue a command signal for maximum power: the functional heating layer of the composite heating film will operate at full power, and the surface temperature will rapidly rise to 20-60°C. At the same time, the corona array discharge technology in step S3 will be used to generate an ionized air layer. At this time, coupling effect will occur between the systems, and a large amount of heat generated by the functional heating layer of the composite heating film will be rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. At the same time, the ion wind will apply a continuous aerodynamic shear force to the ice layer that has been loosened on the surface. The electrothermal effect will further weaken the adhesion of the ice layer and significantly reduce the adhesion of the ice layer. Finally, under the combined action of thermal stress, shear force and the weight of the ice surface itself, the large ice layer will break and lift up as a whole and be blown away by the external airflow, thus achieving de-icing. Step S5: After de-icing is completed, the device performs a self-test, and each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time before entering standby mode.
[0017] The above scheme divides the anti-icing and de-icing process into multiple stages: in the early stage of icing and when passing through areas with supercooled water droplets, heating is initiated to suppress icing with a hot air film; under icing conditions and when passing through areas with supercooled water droplets, corona discharge at the air vents is further activated to generate vertical jets to enhance heat transport and reduce supercooled water droplet accumulation; in cases of severe icing, an enhanced mode is entered, with the functional heating layer operating at full power to rapidly melt the interface ice layer, while plasma wind provides aerodynamic shear force to jointly promote the breaking and shedding of the ice layer. This method achieves full-process, on-demand intelligent control from "prevention" and "suppression" to "active removal," and can dynamically adjust energy distribution and strategy combinations according to the severity of icing, maximizing energy conservation while ensuring de-icing effectiveness, thus improving the system's practicality and economy.
[0018] Furthermore, the plasma wind speed is 5-10 m / s.
[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves a synergistic anti-icing and de-icing effect that cannot be achieved by a single technology through the innovative integration of plasma technology and electrothermal film technology. The functional heating layer provides stable and uniform substrate heating, ensuring that the entire protective surface is maintained within a non-icing temperature range; under extreme icing conditions, this composite working mechanism exhibits significant advantages. The electrothermal film is responsible for melting the ice-film interface and reducing adhesion strength; the plasma-induced ion wind provides continuous aerodynamic shear force, promoting the overall peeling off of the ice layer; 2. Unlike existing anti-icing technologies that often negatively impact aerodynamic characteristics, this invention creatively combines anti-icing with aerodynamic optimization. The plasma wind generated by the plasma significantly reduces the impact efficiency of supercooled water droplets, lowering the risk of icing at its source. Furthermore, active flow control generates positive aerodynamic benefits and enables efficient transfer of electrothermal energy to the surface of device components, preventing ablation of these components. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composite heating film structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the functional heating layer of the present invention.
[0021] Reference numerals: 100, surface protective layer; 200, upper electrode array; 300, functional heating layer; 500, lower electrode array; 600, insulating base layer; 401, airborne anti-icing power supply; 102, corona power supply. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.
[0024] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a pneumatic thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device, including a composite heating film, which includes an insulating base layer 600, a functional heating layer 300, and a surface protective layer 100, and also includes an airborne anti-icing and de-icing power supply 401. Among them, the functional heating layer 300 adopts a resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film, and the functional heating layer 300 is electrically connected to the airborne anti-icing power supply 401. The surface protective layer 100 is formed by spraying a hydrophobic topcoat onto its surface; A plasma jet disturbance component is provided at the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device components.
[0025] Therefore, when the system determines that icing has occurred based on real-time monitoring data from sensors, the control unit will issue a command to continuously heat and defrost, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and removing ice.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the plasma jet disturbance component also includes an insulating base layer 600, a functional heating layer 300, a lower electrode array 500, an upper electrode array 200, and a surface protective layer 100. The lower electrode array 500 is made of copper foil strips and is attached to the lower edge of the front edge of the insulating base layer 600 of the device component. In this system, 1-5mm diameter air vents are added to the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device components. These vents are arranged in an array, with the specific area determined based on the component's strength and icing requirements. The vents sequentially pass through the surface protective layer 100, the functional heating layer 300, and finally extend to the insulating base layer 600. An upper electrode array 200 and a lower electrode array 500 are arranged within the vents. Copper foil strips are embedded within the vents to serve as the lower electrode array 500, and the positive terminal of the corona power supply 102 is connected to it. The upper electrode array 200 is bonded to the surface protective layer 100 using adhesive. The electrode spacing can be flexibly adjusted according to the operating voltage. A corona power supply 102 is also provided. The lower electrode array 500 is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of the corona power supply 102, and the upper electrode array 200 is connected to the ground terminal of the corona power supply 102. When the system determines icing based on real-time sensor monitoring data, it will issue a signal for an enhanced de-icing mode. The control unit issues a maximum power command signal: the heating layer of the composite heating film operates at full power, and the surface temperature rises. Simultaneously, corona array discharge technology generates an ionized air layer. At this point, coupling occurs between the systems, and the large amount of heat generated by the heating layer of the composite heating film is rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. Under extreme icing conditions, this composite working mechanism exhibits significant advantages. The electrothermal film is responsible for melting the ice-film interface and reducing adhesion strength; the plasma-induced ion wind provides continuous aerodynamic shear force, promoting the overall peeling of the ice layer. Through the innovative integration of plasma technology and electrothermal film technology, a synergistic anti-icing and de-icing effect that cannot be achieved by a single technology is realized. The functional heating layer 300 provides stable and uniform substrate heating, ensuring that the entire protective surface remains within the non-icing temperature range; under extreme icing conditions, this composite working mechanism exhibits significant advantages. The electrothermal film is responsible for melting the ice-film interface and reducing adhesion strength; the plasma-induced ion wind provides continuous aerodynamic shear force, promoting the overall peeling of the ice layer.
[0027] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the surface protective layer 100 has a thickness of 5-10 μm, a water contact angle greater than 150°, and a roll-off angle less than 5°. This ultra-thin, superhydrophobic surface protective layer 100 endows the device surface with extremely low surface energy. The superhydrophobic surface provides the first line of physical defense, making it difficult for impacting water droplets to spread and adhere, and causing them to easily roll off under airflow or gravity, passively reducing the possibility of icing. This, combined with active heating and aerodynamic measures, forms a multi-level protection system. Meanwhile, the insulating substrate layer 600 is made of high-performance polyimide film with a thickness controlled at 100-200 μm. The copper foil strips of the lower electrode array 500 have a thickness of 18-35 μm, and their surface is treated with anti-oxidation. The upper electrode array 200 uses indium tin oxide conductive material with a transmittance exceeding 85% and a sheet resistance less than 20 Ω / □. The functional heating layer 300 has a thickness of 20-30 μm and a sheet resistance of 80-120 Ω / □. A high-performance polyimide film is used as the insulating substrate layer 600, and its thickness, along with that of the lower electrode array 500, is controlled to ensure the flexibility, insulation, and adhesion to the body structure of the entire film. The upper electrode array 200 uses indium tin oxide (ITO) material with high light transmittance and low sheet resistance, while the functional heating layer 300 uses a resin-based carbon nanotube film with specific sheet resistance. These material and parameter selections optimize the mechanical and electrical properties of the device, ensuring good electrode conductivity, uniform heating, and controllable efficiency.
[0028] Unlike existing anti-icing and de-icing technologies, which often negatively impact aerodynamic characteristics, this invention creatively combines anti-icing and de-icing with aerodynamic optimization. A coupling effect is created between the systems; the large amount of heat generated by the heating layer of the composite heating film is rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. Simultaneously, a powerful ion wind applies a continuous aerodynamic shear force to the loosened ice layer, further weakening ice adhesion through electrothermal action and significantly reducing its bonding strength. Finally, under the combined action of thermal stress, shear force, and the weight of the ice surface itself, large ice chunks break off with a "crack" sound, are lifted off the surface, and are blown away by the external airflow, achieving rapid and clean de-icing. The plasma wind generated by the plasma greatly reduces the impact efficiency of supercooled water droplets, reducing the risk of icing at its source. Furthermore, active flow control generates positive aerodynamic benefits and ensures efficient electrothermal transfer to the surface of device components, preventing component ablation.
[0029] The specific assembly process is as follows: First, an insulating base layer 600 is sprayed onto the device components, then a functional heating layer 300 is added, and finally a surface protective layer 100 is added to the outside of the functional heating layer 300 to protect the inner multiple layers and enhance hydrophobicity. Based on this, holes with a diameter of 1-5 mm are added to the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device components to form air vents, arranged in an array. The specific area is determined according to the strength of the device components and the icing requirements. A lower electrode array 500 and an upper electrode array 200 are arranged in the air vents. Specifically, copper foil strips are embedded in the air vents as the lower electrode array 500, and the positive terminal of the corona power supply 102 is connected to the lower electrode array 500, and the negative terminal is connected to the upper electrode array 200.
[0030] This invention achieves highly efficient anti-icing and de-icing, moving from a single electrothermal approach to a comprehensive aerodynamic system, demonstrating its enormous application potential in the aerospace field. The same method can also be used for anti-icing and de-icing design of other components of the device, such as the fuselage, tail, and pods, ensuring optimal anti-icing capabilities and energy efficiency.
[0031] This embodiment also provides a control method for using the above-mentioned anti-icing and de-icing device, including the following steps: Step S1: After the system starts up, it first performs a self-test. Each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time, including atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, ice thickness, and incoming flow velocity, to determine the current icing situation. Step S2: When the system determines that there is slight icing or that the liquid has passed through the supercooled droplet area based on the data monitored in real time by the sensor, the control unit will issue a command to drive the composite heating film to open, generating continuous heating to inhibit the formation of ice surface; Step S3: When the system determines that there is moderate icing or passing through a supercooled droplet area in the current environment based on the real-time monitoring data of the sensor, the enhanced mode for moderate icing or passing through a supercooled droplet area is activated. Based on step S2, the corona power supply 102 is connected to the lower electrode array 500 and the upper electrode array 200 arranged on the device surface to apply a high-frequency high-voltage pulse voltage, so that an electron wind, i.e. a local airflow channel, is generated between the lower electrode array 500 and the upper electrode array 200. This induces a continuous plasma wind perpendicular to the wall on the device surface, i.e., it drives the gas to move uniformly from the inside of the device component to the outside. At the same time, the airborne anti-icing power supply 401 and the functional heating layer 300 are turned on. The plasma wind drives the heat generated by the resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film arranged around it to diffuse outward. The heat flow mixes with the cold air on the surface of the device component, and simultaneously helps the heat of the electric heating film to go to the surface of the device component, so that the heat on the surface of the device component and the adjacent air layer meets the anti-icing requirements and the supercooled water droplets blown from the front will not accumulate on the device component. Step S4: When the system determines that the current environment is in a state of severe icing or requires emergency de-icing based on the real-time monitoring data of the sensors, the system will issue a signal for enhanced de-icing mode and the control unit will issue a command signal for maximum power: the heating layer of the composite heating film will operate at full power, and the surface temperature will rapidly rise to 20-60°C. At the same time, the corona array discharge technology in step S3 will be used to generate an ionized air layer. At this time, coupling effect will occur between the systems. The large amount of heat generated by the heating layer of the composite heating film will be rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. At the same time, the ion wind will apply a continuous aerodynamic shear force to the ice layer that has been loosened on the surface. The electrothermal effect will further weaken the adhesion of the ice layer and significantly reduce the adhesion of the ice layer. Finally, under the combined action of thermal stress, shear force and the weight of the ice surface itself, the large ice layer will break up and be blown away by the external airflow, thus achieving de-icing. Step S5: After de-icing is completed, the device performs a self-test, and each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time before entering standby mode.
[0032] The anti-icing and de-icing process is divided into multiple stages: in the early stage of icing, a hot air film is used to inhibit icing; under icing conditions, corona discharge at the air vents is further activated to generate a vertical jet to enhance heat transport; in cases of severe icing, an enhanced mode is entered, with the electrothermal film operating at full power to rapidly melt the interfacial ice layer, while plasma wind provides aerodynamic shear force, jointly promoting the breakup and detachment of the ice layer. This method achieves full-process, on-demand intelligent control from "prevention" and "inhibition" to "active removal," dynamically adjusting energy distribution and strategy combinations according to the severity of icing, maximizing energy conservation while ensuring de-icing effectiveness, thus improving the system's practicality and economy.
[0033] Furthermore, the ionization of air generates plasma, producing a continuous plasma wind that moves towards the rear of the device components at a speed of 5-10 m / s. This plasma wind jet effectively pushes away numerous tiny supercooled water droplets from the front of the components and inhibits ice formation, thus achieving effective anti-icing. During operation, this jet acts directly on the leading edge of the components. On the one hand, it physically pushes away incoming supercooled water droplets, reducing their contact with the cold surface; on the other hand, the Joule heat generated by the corona discharge itself, combined with the enhanced convection of the ion wind, forms a stable hot air protective film around the components, achieving non-contact aerodynamic thermal anti-icing and further enriching the device's anti-icing methods.
[0034] Implementation Principle: This invention achieves a synergistic anti-icing and de-icing effect that cannot be achieved by a single technology through the innovative integration of plasma technology and electrothermal film technology. The functional heating layer 300 provides stable and uniform substrate heating, ensuring that the entire protective surface is maintained within a non-icing temperature range; under extreme icing conditions, this composite working mechanism exhibits significant advantages. The electrothermal film is responsible for melting the ice-film interface and reducing adhesion strength; the plasma-induced ion wind provides continuous aerodynamic shear force, promoting the overall peeling of the ice layer. Unlike existing anti-icing and de-icing technologies, which often have a negative impact on aerodynamic characteristics, this invention creatively combines anti-icing and de-icing with aerodynamic optimization. The plasma wind generated by the plasma greatly reduces the impact efficiency of supercooled water droplets, reducing the risk of icing at the source. When supercooled water droplets approach the surface, the disturbed airflow can partially change their trajectory, making it more difficult for them to directly impact and adhere to the wing surface, thereby reducing the amount of icing at the source. At the same time, when using a high-voltage DC power supply, a uniform plasma flow is generated in the corona orifice, which drives the gas to move uniformly from the inside of the device components outward. This system allows the heat generated by the surrounding heating film to diffuse outwards, ensuring more efficient mixing of the heat flow with the cold air on the surface of the device components. This ensures that the heat on the surface of the device components and the adjacent air layer meets the requirements for de-icing, and prevents supercooled water droplets blown from the front from accumulating on the components, thus achieving the purpose of de-icing. Furthermore, active flow control generates positive aerodynamic benefits and ensures efficient transfer of electrothermal energy to the surface of the device components, preventing ablation. Simultaneously, it introduces aerodynamic characteristics; the plasma wind, following the direction of the electric field, blows from the positively charged electrodes to the negatively charged electrodes, i.e., from the leading edge of the device components to the upper wing surface. This helps the heat from the heating film to reach the surface of the device components, eliminating damage caused by heat accumulation and maximizing the effect of heat on the ice layer, improving efficiency. At the same time, it generates a thermal effect in the ionized air, which, combined with the electrothermal effect, acts on the device components. Therefore, the heat on the surface of the device components and the adjacent air layer meets the requirements for de-icing, and prevents supercooled water droplets blown from the front from accumulating on the components, thus achieving the purpose of de-icing.
[0035] It should be noted that the connection relationships of components not specifically mentioned in this application are all assumed to be based on existing technology. Since they do not involve the inventive point and are commonly used in existing technology, the structural connection relationships are not described in detail.
Claims
1. A pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device, characterized in that, It includes a composite heating film, which includes an insulating base layer (600), a functional heating layer (300), a surface protective layer (100), and an airborne anti-icing power supply (401). The functional heating layer (300) is made of resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film, and the functional heating layer (300) is electrically connected to the airborne anti-icing power supply (401). The surface protective layer (100) is formed by spraying a hydrophobic topcoat onto its surface; A plasma jet disturbance component is provided at the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device component. The plasma jet disturbance component includes a lower electrode array (500) and an upper electrode array (200). The lower electrode array (500) is located on the functional heating layer (300), and the upper electrode array (200) is located below the surface protective layer (100). Air vents with a diameter of 1-5 mm are added to the icing-prone area at the leading edge of the device component. The air vents are arranged in an array, and the specific arrangement area depends on the device component. The strength and icing requirements are determined. The air vents pass through the surface protective layer (100), the functional heating layer (300) and finally extend to the insulating base layer (600). The upper electrode array (200) and the lower electrode array (500) are arranged in the air vents. A corona power supply (102) is also provided. The lower electrode array (500) is connected to the high voltage output terminal of the corona power supply (102), and the upper electrode array (200) is connected to the ground terminal of the corona power supply (102).
2. The pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface protective layer (100) has a thickness of 5-10 μm, and the water contact angle of the surface protective layer (100) is greater than 150° and the roll-off angle is less than 5°.
3. The pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The insulating substrate layer (600) is prepared using a high-performance polyimide film with a thickness of 100-200 μm.
4. The pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The copper foil strip of the lower electrode array (500) has a thickness of 18-35 μm, and the surface of the copper foil strip is treated with anti-oxidation.
5. The pneumatic-thermal composite anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper electrode array (200) is made of indium tin oxide conductive material with a transmittance of over 85% and a sheet resistance of less than 20Ω / □; the functional heating layer (300) has a thickness of 20-30μm and a sheet resistance of 80-120Ω / □; and copper foil strips are embedded in the air holes as the lower electrode array (500).
6. A control method for the anti-icing and de-icing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: After the system starts up, it first performs a self-test, and each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time to determine the current icing situation. Step S2: When the system determines that there is slight icing or that the liquid has passed through the supercooled droplet area based on the data monitored in real time by the sensor, the control unit will issue a command to drive the composite heating film to open and continuously heat to suppress the formation of ice surface; Step S3: When the system determines that the current environment is moderately icing or passing through the supercooled droplet area based on the data monitored by the sensor in real time, the enhanced mode for moderately icing or passing through the supercooled droplet area is activated. Based on step S2, the corona power supply (102) is connected to the lower electrode array (500) and the upper electrode array (200) arranged on the surface of the device to apply a high-frequency high-voltage pulse voltage, so that an electronic wind is generated between the electrode arrays, i.e. a local airflow channel, thereby inducing a vertical wall-mounted, continuous plasma wind on the surface of the device, i.e., driving the gas to move uniformly from the inside of the device component to the outside. At the same time, the airborne anti-icing power supply (401) and the functional heating layer (300) are activated. The plasma wind drives the heat generated by the resin-based carbon nanotube electric heating film arranged around it to diffuse outward. The heat flow mixes with the cold air on the surface of the device component, and simultaneously helps the heat of the electric heating film to go to the surface of the device component, so that the heat of the surface of the device component and its adjacent air layer meets the anti-icing requirements and the supercooled water droplets blown from the front will not accumulate on the device component. Step S4: When the system determines that the current environment is in a state of severe icing or requires emergency de-icing based on the data monitored by the sensor in real time, the system will issue a signal for enhanced de-icing mode and the control unit will issue a command signal for maximum power: the functional heating layer (300) of the composite heating film will operate at full power and the surface temperature will rise rapidly to 20-60°C. At the same time, the corona array discharge technology in step S3 will be used to generate an ionized air layer. At this time, coupling effect will be generated between the systems. The large amount of heat generated by the functional heating layer (300) of the composite heating film will be rapidly conducted from the inside to the ice-film interface, melting the thin ice layer at the interface and forming a lubricating water film. At the same time, the ion wind will apply a continuous aerodynamic shear force to the ice layer that has been loosened on the surface. The electrothermal effect will further weaken the adhesion of the ice layer and significantly reduce the adhesion of the ice layer. Finally, under the combined action of thermal stress, shear force and the weight of the ice surface itself, the large ice layer will break and lift up as a whole and be blown away by the external airflow, thus achieving de-icing. Step S5: After de-icing is completed, the device performs a self-test, and each sensor collects environmental parameters in real time before entering standby mode.
7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plasma wind speed is 5-10 m / s.