Turning tool, turning insert, turning tool body and method for producing turning tool and turning insert

Abstract

The invention relates to a turning tool (1) comprising a tool body (2) and a cutting insert (3a). The tool body includes a blade seat having a bottom surface and two side wall sections. A rigid member (16) interconnects the side wall sections at an upper portion of the side wall sections and is provided with a stop surface. The cutting insert (3a) comprises a top surface (7) and a bottom surface connected to each other by a circumferential side surface (9), and two opposing nose portions (10a) provided with cutting edges. The cutting insert further comprises contact surfaces (17a-17d) on the top surface thereof, which contact surfaces are associated with the stop surfaces on the rigid member and are configured for bearing abutment in the mounted state of the tool to be supported by the stop surfaces. The invention also relates to a cutting insert and a tool body for such a tool, and to a method for producing a turning tool and a cutting insert.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of metal cutting. More specifically, this invention belongs to the field of turning tools and cutting inserts used for metal cutting in machine tools (such as CNC machine tools). Background Technology

[0002] The present invention relates to a turning tool according to the preamble of claim 1, a cutting insert according to the preamble of claim 11, a tool body according to the preamble of claim 20, a method for producing a turning tool according to claim 23, and a method for producing a cutting insert according to claim 27.

[0003] This invention relates to a turning tool according to the preamble of claim 1. In other words, this invention relates to a turning tool comprising a tool body and a cutting insert, the tool body having a connecting portion at one end configured for attachment to a machine tool, and the tool body having a insert holder at the other end configured to accommodate the cutting insert in the use state of the turning tool, wherein the insert holder comprises: - A bottom support surface and a first sidewall segment and a second sidewall segment, the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface on opposite lateral sides of the bottom support surface, wherein the bottom support surface, the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment together define a space for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blade in the usage state, and - A first stop surface, which is disposed at the first sidewall section or at a rigid member rigidly connected to the first sidewall section. The cutting blade includes: - Top surface, - On the opposite bottom surface, the cutting insert is configured to be supported on the bottom support surface of the insert holder via this bottom surface in the usage state. - Circumferential side surface, which connects the top surface and the bottom surface. - First blade tip section, - A first cutting edge, which is arranged at the first tool tip portion, located at the transition between the top surface and the circumferential side surface. The first reference plane is positioned parallel to the top and bottom surfaces and lies between the top and bottom surfaces. The central axis of the cutting blade extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane. The second reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane and passes through the center of the first tool tip portion and the central axis of the cutting blade. The third reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first and second reference planes and passes through the central axis of the cutting tool. in, The cutting insert further includes a first contact surface associated with a first stop surface of the insert holder. The first stop surface of the insert holder is configured to receive the first contact surface of the cutting insert, the first contact surface being supported against the first stop surface, thereby providing a stop portion for the first contact surface in a direction extending longitudinally along the insert holder, the longitudinal extension being centrally measured between the front and rear ends of the insert holder, thereby defining a fixed position of the cutting insert in the insert holder in the direction during use.

[0004] Such turning tools are known from EP 4091749 A1, which discloses a turning tool (1) comprising a tool body (3) and a groove / insert holder (7) disposed in an end portion of the tool body for turning an insert (2). The groove (7) includes a bottom support surface (8) and first and second groove side surfaces (9, 10), which together define a space for receiving a cutting insert therebetween. Each groove side surface (9, 10) includes two stop surfaces of the insert holder, which are in the form of lateral support surfaces (11-14) disposed on the groove side surface and configured to receive an associated contact surface disposed on a circumferential side surface (6) of the cutting insert, the contact surface bearing against the lateral support surface thereby providing a stop to the contact surface in a direction extending longitudinally along the insert holder, and thereby defining a fixed position for the cutting insert in the insert holder in that direction.

[0005] Appendix to this application Figures 1a to 1d The image also shows a standard turning insert that works with this type of tool.

[0006] Despite the good functionality of the aforementioned turning tools, the inventors have found significant room for improvement. For example, the tools disclosed in the aforementioned documents and configured for use with the appendix of this application... Figures 1a to 1d A problem with known turning tools that use the type of cutting insert shown is that the stop surface of the insert holder, configured to cooperate with the associated contact surfaces on the circumferential side surfaces of the cutting insert, offers limited flexibility in the design of these surfaces. The side surfaces of this type of cutting insert are typically composed of relatively flat sections because the insert holder should be as form-fitting as possible to provide a slim turning tool that can be used for turning operations even in confined spaces.

[0007] Therefore, protrusions on the circumferential side surface of the cutting insert are generally avoided. Furthermore, regarding the appendix of this application… Figures 1a-1d For the cutting insert with two cutting edge portions (i.e., indexable cutting inserts), it is virtually impossible to provide a protruding contact surface on the circumferential side surface of the cutting insert, and to provide contact surfaces of any configuration other than flat surfaces (which form part of the periphery of the cutting insert in the top view), because such contact surfaces would interfere with the cutting performance of the cutting edge portion on the same side of the insert when viewed in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, historically, development in this field has focused primarily on the number and design of stop surfaces on the sidewall sections of the insert holder to cooperate with the flat circumferential portions of the side surfaces of the cutting insert.

[0008] For the reasons mentioned above, the design flexibility of the support surfaces in the insert holder and the associated contact surfaces on the cutting insert is limited. At the same time, the design and positioning of these surfaces significantly affect the performance of turning tools, for example, in guiding the cutting insert to the correct position in the insert holder, maintaining that position during cutting operations, and achieving effective load distribution among the cutting insert, insert holder, and tool body.

[0009] Therefore, the industry has been working to develop a turning tool that, compared to known types, improves the guidance and positioning of the cutting insert in the insert holder. In particular, it improves the positional accuracy of the cutting edge generated on the surface of the cutting insert, enhances the stability of the cutting insert during the cutting operation, and improves the distribution of loads generated by the cutting forces applied to the cutting insert across different parts of the turning tool. Furthermore, the industry has been working to make the design of different models of such turning tools more flexible, allowing each model to have different performance characteristics in the aforementioned aspects, thus suiting its specific intended application.

[0010] In conclusion, the industry is committed to continuous improvement of these products, and much work remains to be done in the areas mentioned above, as well as in other aspects such as wear resistance and tool life, surface finish of machined workpieces, and economic and / or environmental aspects. Summary of the Invention

[0011] One object of the present invention is to provide a turning tool of the type defined in the introduction, which is improved in at least one respect relative to known turning tools of this kind, for example, in any of the above-described respects.

[0012] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by providing a turning tool in which a first contact surface of the cutting insert is disposed on the top surface of the cutting insert and configured to extend from a lower end of the first contact surface to an adjacent portion of the upper end of the first contact surface away from the top surface in a plane forming an angle with a first reference plane, wherein, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis of the cutting insert, the distance between the lower end of the first contact surface and the first reference plane is less than the distance between the upper end of the first contact surface and the first reference plane.

[0013] The first stop surface of the blade holder is disposed at the upper part of the first side wall section, or at a rigid member that is rigidly connected to the upper part of the first side wall section.

[0014] Turning tools with this design offer numerous advantages over known tools of this type. More specifically, placing such contact surfaces on the top surface of the cutting insert allows for greater flexibility in design, as the top surface is not constrained by specific design limitations like the circumferential side surfaces. This means that such contact surfaces can be given specific shapes, sizes, and orientations to meet requirements such as load distribution and stability in various directions, depending on the intended use of the turning tool. Furthermore, such contact surfaces offer the possibility of being adjusted through machining (e.g., grinding) to achieve desired characteristics of the turning tool, such as improving the positional accuracy of the cutting edge generated on the surface of the cutting insert. Another example is that arranging such contact surfaces on the top surface of the cutting insert improves the load distribution across the insert holder and the cutting insert itself, compared to positioning all corresponding contact surfaces on the circumferential side surfaces.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first stop surface of the blade holder is arranged to face away from the rear end portion of the blade holder, and the first contact surface of the cutting blade is arranged to face away from the first tip portion of the cutting blade.

[0016] According to another embodiment of the invention, the cutting insert further includes a second tip portion facing opposite to the first tip portion; and a second cutting edge, wherein the second cutting edge is disposed at the second tip portion, located at the transition between the top surface and the circumferential side surface, and the cutting insert further includes a second contact surface. The second contact surface of the cutting insert is disposed on the top surface of the cutting insert and configured to extend from the lower end of the second contact surface to the upper end of an adjacent portion away from the top surface in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane, wherein, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis of the cutting insert, the distance between the lower end of the second contact surface and the first reference plane is less than the distance between the upper end of the second contact surface and the first reference plane. The first contact surface and the second contact surface are arranged on opposite sides of the third reference plane.

[0017] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the blade holder further includes: - A second stop surface, which is disposed at the second sidewall section or on a rigid member rigidly connected to the second sidewall section. Furthermore, the cutting insert further includes a third contact surface associated with the second stop surface of the insert holder. The third contact surface of the cutting insert is disposed on the top surface of the cutting insert and configured to extend from the lower end of the third contact surface to the upper end of an adjacent portion away from the top surface in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane. The distance between the lower end of the third contact surface and the first reference plane, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis of the cutting insert, is less than the distance between the upper end of the third contact surface and the first reference plane. The first contact surface and the third contact surface are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane and on opposite sides of the second reference plane.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the invention, the cutting insert further includes a fourth contact surface associated with the first stop surface of the insert holder. The fourth contact surface of the cutting insert is disposed on the top surface of the cutting insert and configured to extend from the lower end of the fourth contact surface to the upper end of an adjacent portion away from the top surface in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane. The distance between the lower end of the fourth contact surface and the first reference plane, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis of the cutting insert, is less than the distance between the upper end of the fourth contact surface and the first reference plane. The second contact surface and the fourth contact surface are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane and are located on opposite sides of the second reference plane.

[0019] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first stop surface and the second stop surface each have a longitudinal extension in a plane parallel to the plane where the bottom support surface extends, such that the distance between the first stop surface and the second stop surface decreases in the direction toward the rear end portion of the blade holder.

[0020] The first contact surface and the third contact surface each have a longitudinal extension in a plane parallel to the first reference plane, such that the distance between the first contact surface and the third contact surface decreases in the direction away from the third reference plane.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first stop surface and the second stop surface are arranged to form an angle of 30–150°, preferably 70–150°, and most preferably 85–125° between them, and the first contact surface and the third contact surface are arranged to form a corresponding angle between them, which is measured within the cutting blade.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the blade holder further includes: - A rigid member configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of a first sidewall section via its first end portion, preferably integrally formed with the upper part of the first sidewall section, and projecting from the upper part above the space toward the upper part of the opposite second sidewall section, wherein the first stop surface of the blade seat is arranged on the rigid member.

[0023] According to another embodiment of the invention, the rigid member is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the second sidewall segment via its second end portion, preferably integrally formed with the upper part of the second sidewall segment, thereby extending above the space between the upper parts of the first sidewall segment and the upper parts of the second sidewall segment, and rigidly connecting the upper parts of the first sidewall segment and the upper parts of the second sidewall segment to each other.

[0024] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first stop surface of the blade holder is a machined stop surface, especially a ground stop surface.

[0025] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first stop surface and the second stop surface of the blade holder are both machined stop surfaces, especially ground stop surfaces.

[0026] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first contact surface of the cutting blade is a machined contact surface, especially a ground contact surface.

[0027] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second contact surfaces and / or the third and / or fourth contact surfaces, preferably all contact surfaces, of the cutting blade are machined contact surfaces, especially ground contact surfaces.

[0028] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment extend divergently from each other in a direction away from the rear end portion of the blade holder along the longitudinal direction of the blade holder, such that the width of the space defined between the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment increases in said direction.

[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention, the turning tool further includes a shim, and the bottom support surface of the insert holder is defined by the top surface of the shim.

[0030] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first cutting edge of the cutting insert includes a first convex tip cutting edge portion disposed at the first tip portion.

[0031] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the second cutting edge of the cutting insert includes a second convex tip cutting edge portion disposed at the second tip portion.

[0032] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first cutting edge further includes a first leading cutting edge portion and a first tail cutting edge portion, wherein the first convex tip cutting edge portion connects the first leading cutting edge portion and the first tail cutting edge portion.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the second cutting edge further includes a second leading cutting edge portion and a second tail cutting edge portion, wherein the second convex tip cutting edge portion connects the second leading cutting edge portion and the second tail cutting edge portion.

[0034] According to another embodiment of the invention, the bottom support surface of the blade holder has a symmetrical or at least substantially symmetrical, preferably rhomboid shape.

[0035] According to another embodiment of the invention, the bottom support surface of the blade holder has a hole, in particular a threaded hole, at its center, and the cutting blade has a through hole extending between its top and bottom surfaces to allow the cutting blade to be attached to the bottom support surface of the blade holder by means of fastening elements, in particular screws.

[0036] According to another embodiment of the invention, each contact surface of the cutting blade has a greater width at the outer end of the contact surface near the transition between the top surface and the circumferential side surface than at the opposite inner end of the contact surface. This width is measured as the distance between the lower and upper ends of the contact surface in a direction parallel to the central axis of the cutting blade, such that each contact surface tapers in a stepped or continuous manner in the direction from the outer end to the inner end.

[0037] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first stop surface of the blade holder is arranged at a certain distance from the rear end of the blade holder, wherein the distance is greater than 20%, preferably greater than 25%, more preferably greater than 30% of the total length of the blade holder, the total length being measured between the front end and the rear end of the blade holder.

[0038] According to another embodiment of the invention, the rigid member is arranged between the central hole of the bottom support surface and the rear end of the blade holder, such that, in a top view, no part of the rigid member covers the central hole.

[0039] According to another embodiment of the invention, in a top view, the cutting blade has a symmetrical or at least substantially symmetrical, preferably rhomboid shape.

[0040] According to another embodiment of the invention, the first blade tip portion forms an acute blade tip angle of 15–85°, preferably 20–60°, and more preferably 25–45°.

[0041] According to another embodiment of the invention, the acute-angled blade tip angle formed by the second blade tip portion is equal to or at least substantially equal to the first blade tip angle.

[0042] The present invention also relates to cutting inserts and tool bodies according to the appended independent claims. Specific implementations of such cutting inserts and tool bodies, and their advantages, will become apparent from the above and below description of embodiments of turning tools according to the invention.

[0043] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a turning tool, the turning tool comprising a tool body and a cutting insert, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) A tool body is provided, wherein a connecting portion is provided at one end for attachment to a machine tool, and a tool holder is provided at the other end for accommodating a cutting insert in the mounted state of a turning tool. The blade holder includes: - A bottom support surface and a first sidewall segment and a second sidewall segment, the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface on opposite lateral sides of the bottom support surface, wherein the bottom support surface, the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment together define a space for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blade in the installed state. - A first stop surface, which is disposed at the first sidewall section or at a rigid member rigidly connected to the first sidewall section. b) Providing a cutting insert, the cutting insert comprising: - Top surface, - On the opposite bottom surface, the cutting blade is configured to be supported on the bottom support surface of the blade holder via this bottom surface in the mounting position. - Circumferential side surface, which connects the top surface and the bottom surface. - First blade tip section, - A first cutting edge, which is located at the transition between the top surface and the circumferential side surface at the first cutting tip portion. - At least one contact surface configured to provide a contact point for supporting the cutting blade at the mounting location. The first reference plane is positioned parallel to the top and bottom surfaces and lies between the top and bottom surfaces, wherein the central axis of the cutting blade extends perpendicular to the first reference plane. The second reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane and passes through the center of the first tool tip portion and the central axis of the cutting blade. The third reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first and second reference planes and passes through the central axis of the cutting tool. c) Measure and / or provide information on the actual spatial position of the first stop surface. d) Provide information on the nominal position of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert in the said mounting state. e) Measure and / or provide information on the position of at least one contact surface in the blade holder. f) Measure the position of at least one corresponding contact surface on the cutting insert and the position of at least one point along the first cutting edge relative to at least one given reference point on the cutting insert. g) Based on the information obtained from steps e) and f), and based on the assumption that the cutting insert will be arranged in the insert holder with at least one contact surface of the cutting insert in adjacent contact with the corresponding contact surface in the insert holder, calculate the installation position of the projection of the cutting insert, and thus calculate the actual position of the projection of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert in the installed state. h) Calculate the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of the projected value of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert. i) Based on the information obtained from steps c) and h) and the mounting position of the projection of the cutting insert, calculate the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface on the cutting insert to be ground, associated with the first stop surface of the insert holder, so as to compensate for the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of the projection of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert when the cutting insert is mounted in the insert holder and the first contact surface on the cutting insert contacts the first stop surface of the insert holder in an abutment manner. j) Based on the information obtained from step i), grind such a first contact surface on the cutting tool.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the method for producing turning tools according to the present invention, the insert holder of the tool body provided in step a) includes: - A first stop surface, which is disposed at the upper part of the first sidewall section, or at a rigid member rigidly connected to the upper part of the first sidewall section, and Step j) more specifically includes: Based on the information obtained from step i), such a first contact surface is formed on the top surface of the grinding cutting tool.

[0045] According to another embodiment of the method for producing turning tools according to the present invention, step a) includes providing the tool body, wherein the insert holder of the tool body further includes: - A rigid member configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of a first sidewall segment via its first end portion, preferably integrally formed with the upper portion of the first sidewall segment, and projecting from this upper portion above the space toward the upper portion of an opposing second sidewall segment. The first stop surface is arranged on the rigid member.

[0046] According to another embodiment of the method for producing turning tools according to the present invention, step a) includes providing the tool body, wherein the rigid member of the insert holder of the tool body is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of the second sidewall section via its second end portion, preferably integrally formed with the upper portion of the second sidewall section, thereby extending over the space between the upper portions of the first sidewall section and the upper portions of the second sidewall section, and rigidly connecting the upper portions of the first sidewall section and the upper portions of the second sidewall section to each other.

[0047] According to another embodiment of the method for producing turning tools according to the present invention, step c) further includes: grinding the first stop surface to generate a ground first stop surface in the tool holder before measuring and / or providing information on the actual spatial position of the first stop surface.

[0048] The present invention also relates to a method for producing cutting inserts, the cutting inserts being intended to be arranged on a cutting tool for turning, wherein the method includes the following steps: a) Provide cutting inserts, including: - Top surface, - Relative bottom surface, - Circumferential side surface, which connects the top surface and the bottom surface. - The first blade tip, and - A first cutting edge, which is located at the transition between the top surface and the circumferential side surface at the first cutting tip portion. The first reference plane is positioned parallel to the top and bottom surfaces and lies between the top and bottom surfaces. The central axis of the cutting blade extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane. The second reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane and passes through the center of the first tool tip portion and the central axis of the cutting blade. The third reference plane extends perpendicularly to the first and second reference planes and passes through the central axis of the cutting tool. b) Provides information on the nominal position of at least one point along the first cutting edge relative to at least one given reference point on the cutting insert, and information on the nominal spatial position of a first contact surface configured to provide a contact point for supporting the cutting insert when the cutting insert is positioned at the turning tool, wherein the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface is, in a modeling environment, the desired spatial position of the first contact surface relative to the at least one point along the first cutting edge. c') Measure the actual position of the at least one point along the first cutting edge relative to the at least one given reference point on the cutting insert. d´) Calculate the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert. e') Based on the information obtained from step d'), calculate the adjustment to be made to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface to compensate for the spatial deviation between the nominal and actual positions of at least one point along the first cutting edge of the cutting insert. f') Based on the information obtained from step e'), an adjusted first contact surface is ground on the cutting blade.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the method for producing a cutting insert according to the present invention, the nominal spatial location of the first contact surface is located on the top surface of the cutting insert, and

[0050] Step f') more specifically includes: Based on the information obtained from step e'), an adjusted first contact surface is ground on the top surface of the cutting blade.

[0051] According to the invention relating to a method for producing cutting inserts, the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface includes its extension in a plane that forms an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with a first reference plane and an angle greater than 0° with a third reference plane, and

[0052] Step e') calculates the adjustment to be made to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface, including: calculating the adjustment to be made to the extension of the first contact surface relative to the third reference plane to correct the angle formed by the first contact surface and the third reference plane.

[0053] The specific implementation of the method for producing turning tools and cutting inserts according to the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the foregoing and the following description of embodiments of the turning tools, cutting inserts and tool bodies of the present invention.

[0054] Other advantages and beneficial features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention cited as examples.

[0056] Figure 1a This is a top-view, angled view of a standard type of cutting insert used in turning. Figure 1b yes Figure 1a A front view of the cutting blade. Figure 1c yes Figure 1a Side view of the cutting blade. Figure 1d yes Figure 1a A top view of the cutting blade. Figure 2a This is a top-view, obliquely angled view of a cutting insert for a turning tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b yes Figure 2a A front view of the cutting blade. Figure 2c yes Figure 2a Side view of the cutting blade. Figure 2d yes Figure 2a A top view of the cutting blade. Figure 3 This is a view of a turning tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from the front upper side, including... Figure 2a Cutting blades, Figure 4 Is with Figure 3 The corresponding view shows the tool body of a turning tool without cutting inserts. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A view of the tool body taken from the lower front side at an angle. Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A top view of a turning tool. Figure 7 It is along Figure 6 The section line marked "VII" shows the penetration. Figure 3 A cross-sectional side view of a turning tool and cutting insert. Figure 8 yes Figure 3 Side view of a turning tool. Figure 8a It is along Figure 8 The section line marked "VIIIa" is used for observation. Figure 3 A top view of the cross-section of a turning tool and cutting insert. Figure 8a-2 Is with Figure 8a The corresponding top view of the cross section, but the cutting insert has been removed from the insert holder of the turning tool. Figure 8b It is along Figure 8 The section line marked "VIIIb" is used for observation. Figure 3 A top view of the cross-section of a turning tool and cutting insert. Figure 9a This is a top-view, obliquely angled view of a cutting insert for a turning tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9b yes Figure 9a A top view of the cutting blade. Figure 10a This is a top-view, obliquely angled view of a cutting insert for a turning tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10b yes Figure 10a A top view of the cutting blade. Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for producing turning tools according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for producing cutting blades according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Figure 1 illustrates a conventional type of cutting insert 103 intended for arrangement on a turning tool, i.e., a conventional turning insert. The cutting insert 103 includes a top surface 107, an opposing bottom surface 108 (the cutting insert is configured to be supported by the bottom support surface of the cutting tool's insert holder via the bottom surface 108 in the use state (i.e., in the mounted state of the turning tool, in which the cutting insert can be used for turning operations), and a circumferential side surface 109 connecting the top surface 107 and the bottom surface 108 around the entire circumference of the cutting insert 103. The cutting insert further includes two tip portions 110a and 110b, each tip portion having a tip cutting edge 111a and 111b, these tip cutting edges being arranged at the respective tip portions at the transition between the top surface 107 and the circumferential side surface 109.

[0058] As described in the preceding introduction, the contact surface 117 of the cutting insert 103 (configured to be adjacent to an associated stop surface arranged on the sidewall of the insert holder) is formed by a portion of the circumferential side surface 109. Therefore, in addition to the fastening screws that secure the cutting insert 103 to the insert holder via the center hole 122 of the cutting insert, the cutting insert is also supported during use by the stop surface on the circumferential side surface 109.

[0059] A turning tool 1 and its components according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown in the figure. Figures 2a to 8b middle. Figures 2a to 2d A cutting insert 3a according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, which is adapted to the tool body 2 of the shown turning tool 1. The tool body 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown separately. Figure 4 and Figure 5 middle. Figures 9a to 9b and Figures 10a to 10b Cutting inserts 3b and 3c according to the second and third embodiments of the present invention are shown respectively. These cutting inserts may also be included in the turning tool 1 according to the present invention, wherein minor design changes are made to the tool body 2 of the cutting tool, as will be apparent from the description below.

[0060] It should be noted that the effects of the inventive features of the present invention are the same or at least substantially the same for all the cutting inserts 3a–3c shown. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the same or corresponding features are not described in detail for each of these embodiments, but are described for one of the cutting inserts (i.e., one of the three embodiments) and marked with corresponding reference numerals on the other cutting inserts, and have the same or corresponding functions and effects for the other cutting inserts (i.e., the other embodiments shown).

[0061] The turning tool 1, cutting inserts 3a–3c, and tool body 2 according to the present invention will now be described with reference to all these accompanying drawings.

[0062] The turning tool 1 of the present invention includes a tool body 2 and cutting inserts 3a-3c. The tool body has a connecting portion 20 at one end 4, configured for attachment to a machine tool, such as a CNC machine tool, and a insert holder 6 at its other end 5. The insert holder is arranged in the tool body and configured to accommodate the cutting inserts 3a-3c in the working state of the turning tool 1 (i.e., with the cutting inserts mounted in the tool body and the turning tool 1 ready for turning operations). It should be understood that the having of two ends of the tool body does not limit its specific design in any way, but rather the invention can be applied to turning tools 1 with a wide variety of different shapes of tool bodies 2, such as elongated, short, straight, or curved shapes, and it can also have more than two ends.

[0063] The blade holder 6 includes a bottom support surface 12 and a first sidewall segment 13a and a second sidewall segment 13b, which extend along at least a portion (approximately half) of the bottom support surface on opposite lateral sides of the bottom support surface. Thus, the bottom support surface 12, together with the first sidewall segment 13a and the second sidewall segment 13b, defines a groove-like space 14 for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blades 3a-3c in the usage state. The first and second sidewall segments are arranged to extend divergently in a longitudinal direction from the rear end portion 23 of the blade holder 6 toward the front end portion 24 of the blade holder, such that the width of the space 14 defined between the first and second sidewall segments increases in that direction. The bottom support surface 12 of the blade holder 6 has a symmetrical or at least substantially symmetrical rhomboid shape.

[0064] The rear end 23 of the insert holder 6 should be understood as the end of the insert holder 6 opposite to the front end 24, wherein the front end receives the first tip portion 10a of the cutting insert with the working cutting edge 11a in the state of use, or a portion of the cutting insert near the first tip portion, that is, the front end is configured to face the workpiece to be machined by the turning tool 1 during its use.

[0065] In the illustrated embodiment, the turning tool 1 further includes a shim 25 configured to be disposed between the cutting inserts 3a-3c and the tool body 2 in the use state, for stabilizing the cutting inserts and protecting the tool body. In this case, the bottom support surface 12 of the insert holder is considered to be defined by the top surface of the shim 25. However, if the shim is not used, the bottom support surface 12 of the insert holder may also be defined by the permanent bottom surface 26 of the tool body 2 (on which the shim 25 is configured to be mounted, if present).

[0066] Cutting inserts 3a-3c are precision cutting inserts or profile inserts, comprising a top surface 7, an opposing bottom surface 8 (the cutting insert is configured to be supported on the bottom support surface 12 of the insert holder 6 via the bottom surface 8 in the use state), and a circumferential side surface 9 connecting the top and bottom surfaces. It should be clarified that all these surfaces are not necessarily formed by the same coherent surface with a single orientation, but rather each of these surfaces can be formed by any number of sub-surfaces extending at different angles relative to a given reference point, collectively constituting and defining the extension of each respective surface. The top surface 7 is considered as a top view of the cutting inserts 3a-3c (see...). Figure 2d , 9bThe surface on the side seen in 10b) faces away from the bottom support surface 12 when the cutting insert is mounted in the insert holder. Similarly, the bottom surface 8 is considered to be the surface on the side of the cutting inserts 3a-3c seen in the bottom view (not shown), which faces the bottom support surface in the mounted position.

[0067] In the embodiments of cutting inserts 3a-3c shown, the top and bottom surfaces are identical to allow the cutting insert to flip over for turning (after the cutting edge on the top surface is worn away), such that the cutting insert is mounted with the bottom surface as the top surface, and vice versa, so that the cutting edges on both the top and bottom surfaces of the cutting insert are used before the cutting insert is discarded. However, the top surface 7 and bottom surface 8 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the invention can also have completely different designs. A circumferential side surface 9 connects the top surface 7 and the bottom surface 8 and extends around the entire cutting insert 3a-3c, thereby forming a lateral covering surface of the cutting insert.

[0068] The cutting inserts 3a-3c further include a first tip portion 10a and an opposing second tip portion 10b. More specifically, the cutting inserts have a symmetrical rhomboid shape (in a top view) and have two acute-angled tip portions facing away from each other. The first tip portion 10a is provided with a first cutting edge 11a, which is arranged at the first tip portion at the transition between the top surface 7 and the circumferential side surface 9. The first cutting edge 11a includes a straight or substantially straight first leading cutting edge portion 11a' arranged on one side of the first tip portion, a straight or substantially straight first tail cutting edge portion 11a'' arranged on the other side of the first tip portion, and a first convex tip cutting edge portion 11a''' arranged at the tip of the first tip portion and connecting the first leading cutting edge portion and the first tail cutting edge portion.

[0069] Correspondingly, the second cutting edge portion 10b is provided with a second cutting edge 11b, which is disposed at the transition between the top surface 7 and the circumferential side surface 9 of the second cutting edge portion. The second cutting edge 11b includes a straight or substantially straight second leading cutting edge portion 11b' disposed on one side of the second cutting edge portion, a straight or substantially straight second tail cutting edge portion 11b'' disposed on the other side of the second cutting edge portion, and a second convex cutting edge cutting edge portion 11b''' disposed at the tip of the second cutting edge portion and connecting the second leading cutting edge portion and the second tail cutting edge portion. However, the first cutting edge 11a and / or the second cutting edge 11b may be composed of only one or two of these cutting edge portions, for example, having only one straight leading cutting edge portion or a convex cutting edge cutting edge portion.

[0070] The first cutting tip portion 10a and the second cutting tip portion 10b each form an acute cutting tip angle of 15–85°, preferably 20–60°, more preferably 25–45°. This cutting tip angle is measured as the angle between the longitudinal extensions of two lateral edges adjacent to the tips of the respective cutting tip portions on opposite sides of the top portion 7, as seen in a top view and measured in the cutting insert. In the illustrated embodiment, these angles are measured at the respective cutting tip portions between the leading cutting edge portion 11b' and the tail cutting edge portion 11b''.

[0071] The first reference plane RP1 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c is positioned parallel to the top surface 7 and the bottom surface 8, and is located between the top surface 7 and the bottom surface 8 (see...). Figure 2c The central axis A1 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c is perpendicular to the first reference plane RP1 (see...). Figure 2a , 2c (9a and 10a) extends. The second reference plane RP2 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane RP1 and extends through the center of the first tip portion 10a and the second tip portion 10b and the central axis A1 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c (see RP1). Figure 2d , 9b And 10b). The third reference plane RP3 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane RP1 and the second reference plane RP2, and extends through the central axis A1 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c (see 10b). Figure 2d , 9b and 10b).

[0072] The insert holder 6 of the tool body 2 of the turning tool 1 further includes a rigid member 16, which is configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of the first sidewall section 13a via its first end portion 21a, and protrudes from this upper portion above the space 14 toward the upper portion of the opposing second sidewall section 13b. The rigid member 16 is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of the second sidewall section 13b via its second end portion 21b, thereby extending above the space 14 at a distance from the bottom support surface 12 between the upper portions of the first and second sidewall sections, and rigidly connecting the upper portions of the first and second sidewall sections to each other. Preferably, the rigid member 16 is integrally formed with the first and second sidewall sections 13a and 13b at their upper portions, as is the case in the illustrated embodiment of the turning tool 1.

[0073] The upper portion should be considered to constitute at most 30%, preferably at most 25%, and more preferably at most 20% of the height of the corresponding sidewall segment, which is measured between the upper end of the sidewall segment and the position in the plane where the sidewall segment extends downward from the upper end to the bottom support surface.

[0074] The blade holder 6 further includes a first stop surface 15a and a second stop surface 15b, which are arranged on the rigid member 16 on opposite sides of the center of the rigid member 16 (located between the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment). More specifically, the first stop surface 15a is arranged at the portion of the rigid member 16 that is connected to and adjacent to the first sidewall segment 13a, and the second stop surface 15b is arranged at the portion of the rigid member 16 that is connected to and adjacent to the second sidewall segment 13b. Both stop surfaces are located on the front side of the rigid member, such that each stop surface 15a, 15b is arranged facing away from the rear end 23 of the blade holder 6 and toward the front end 24.

[0075] The cutting inserts 3a-3c further include a first contact surface 17a associated with a first stop surface 15a of the insert holder 6, and a third contact surface 17c associated with a second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6. Both the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are disposed on the top surface 7 of the cutting insert and configured to extend from the lower end 18a to the upper end 19a of each contact surface 17a, 17c away from the top surface in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane RP1, wherein, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis A1 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, the distance between the lower end 18a of each contact surface 17a, 17c and the first reference plane RP1 is less than the distance between the upper end 19a of that contact surface and the first reference plane RP1. The first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are disposed on the same side of the third reference plane RP3 and on opposite sides of the second reference plane RP2. Furthermore, the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are arranged on opposite sides of the third reference plane RP3 relative to the first cutting tip portion 10a, and are arranged to face away from the first cutting tip portion 10a. Therefore, the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are arranged as a pair of contact surfaces on the top surface 7 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, each located on its respective side of the longitudinal centerline of the cutting insert (extending in the second reference plane RP2), and on the opposite side of the centerline of the cutting insert (extending in the third reference plane RP3) that is perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of the first cutting tip portion, that is, on the other half of the cutting insert and facing away from the first cutting tip portion 10a.

[0076] The first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6 are associated with the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, and vice versa, such that the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b are configured to receive the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c respectively, the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c being supported against the first and second stop surfaces, thereby providing a stop for these contact surfaces in a direction extending longitudinally along the insert holder 6 (measured centrally between the front end 24 and the rear end 23 of the insert holder), and thereby defining a fixed position of the cutting inserts in the insert holder in this direction in the use state of the turning tool 1 (in which the cutting inserts 3a-3c are mounted in the insert holder 6). To achieve the fixed position, the cutting blade is inserted into the blade holder 6 from the front end 24 and slides along the bottom support surface 12 toward the rear end 23 of the blade holder until the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c come into contact with the stop surfaces 15a and 15b of the blade holder and are stopped by the stop surfaces 15a and 15b.

[0077] The first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b each extend longitudinally in a plane parallel to the plane in which the bottom support surface 12 extends, such that the distance between the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b decreases in the direction toward the rear end portion 23 of the blade holder 6. In other words, the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b converge in the direction toward the rear end portion 23 of the blade holder 6. More specifically, measured from the stop surfaces toward the front end portion 24 of the blade holder 6, the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b are arranged to form an angle of 30–150°, preferably 70–150°, and most preferably 85–125° between them.

[0078] The first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c of the associated cutting inserts 3a-3c have corresponding configurations, namely, each extending longitudinally in a plane parallel to the first reference plane RP1, such that the distance between the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c decreases in the direction away from the third reference plane RP3. More specifically, the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are arranged to converge in a direction away from the first cutting tip portion 10a and toward the second cutting tip portion 10b, thereby forming an angle α between them that corresponds to the angle measured within the cutting inserts 3a-3c. This means that if the angle between the stop surfaces 15a and 15b of the insert holder 6 is 110° (as in the embodiment of the tool body 2 shown in the figure), then the angle α between the first and third contact surfaces 17a and 17c of the cutting insert 3a is also 110° (as in the first embodiment of the cutting insert, see...). Figure 2d This ensures that the contact surface fits tightly against the stop surface when the turning tool 1 is in use.

[0079] According to the second and third embodiments shown, the cutting inserts 3b and 3c have angles α and α' respectively of 70° and 150° between the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c. In this way, the support of the cutting inserts 3a-3c by the stop surfaces 15a and 15b in the insert holder 6 can be adjusted to suit the specific intended use of the turning tool 1, thereby enhancing the ability to keep the cutting inserts stable under strong impacts from the front or side.

[0080] One advantage of having two contact surfaces 17a, 17c on opposite sides of its central longitudinal line and two corresponding stop surfaces 15a–15b in the insert holder 6 is that the cutting inserts achieve good positioning and support in the insert holder. These surfaces 17a–d, 15a–b, arranged at mutual angles as described above, provide further support from the lateral side of the cutting inserts. However, the cutting inserts may have only one of the contact surfaces 17a–17d, located at the longitudinal center of the cutting insert or on one side of the cutting insert, and the insert holder 6 may have a corresponding stop surface 15a–15b. In this case, the insert holder preferably has at least two additional clearance-side contact points to provide support for the cutting inserts through at least three contact points. Furthermore, a “pair” of contact surfaces on the cutting inserts 3a–3c, such as the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c and / or the second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d, may be composed of different surface portions of the same continuous surface, such as the opposite lateral portions of an arcuate contact surface. In addition, the design and arrangement of the rigid member 16 not only stabilizes the entire insert holder 6, but also enables the advantageous positioning of the stop surfaces 15a–15b of the insert holder, so that these stop surfaces can effectively cooperate with the associated contact surfaces 17a–17d of the cutting inserts 3a–3c, and form an advantageous load distribution in and around the insert holder 6.

[0081] The cutting inserts 3a-3c further include a second contact surface 17b associated with the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6, and a fourth contact surface 17d associated with the first stop surface 15a of the insert holder 6. The second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d correspond to the third contact surface 17c and the first contact surface 17a, respectively, but are arranged on the opposite side of the third reference plane RP3, facing away from the second tip portion 10b of the cutting inserts 3a-3c. More specifically, the second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane RP3, but on opposite sides of the plane relative to the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c. Furthermore, the second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d are arranged on opposite sides of the second reference plane RP2, with the second contact surface 17b and the first contact surface 17a arranged on the same side of the second reference plane RP2, and the fourth contact surface 17d and the third contact surface 17c arranged on the same side of the plane.

[0082] This configuration allows the cutting inserts 3a-3c to rotate 180° around the central axis A1. In the operating state where the first cutting tip portion 10a is active (i.e., in the position for cutting the workpiece), the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c are supported by the stop surfaces 15a and 15b of the insert holder 6, and the opposing second cutting tip portion 10b is located at the rear end 23 of the insert holder 6. In the operating state where the second cutting tip portion 10b is active (i.e., in the position for cutting the workpiece), the second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d are supported by the stop surfaces 15a and 15b of the insert holder 6, and the first cutting tip portion 10a is located at the rear end 23 of the insert holder 6.

[0083] The width of each contact surface 17a-17d of the cutting inserts 3a-3c is measured as the distance between the lower end 18 and the upper end 19 of the contact surface, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis A1 of the cutting insert. The width at the outer end of the contact surface (adjacent to the transition between the top surface 7 and the circumferential side surface 9 of the cutting insert) is greater than the width at the opposite inner end of the contact surface, such that each contact surface 17a-17d continuously tapers from the outer end to the inner end. This design of the contact surfaces provides increased support for the cutting inserts at the lateral portions of the cutting inserts 3a-3c via the stop surfaces 15a, 15b of the insert holder 6, where the need for support is typically greatest.

[0084] Optionally, the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b can be ground surfaces to facilitate abutment contact with the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c, as well as the second contact surface 17b and the fourth contact surface 17d, with appropriate tolerances. Furthermore, the ground stop surfaces in the insert holder allow for more precise adjustment of specific characteristics of the turning tool 1, for example, by grinding the contact surfaces 17a-17d of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, to fine-tune the position of the cutting edges 11a, 11b generated on the active surfaces of the cutting inserts 3a-3c.

[0085] The first contact surface 17a, the second contact surface 17b, the third contact surface 17c and the fourth contact surface 17d each extend in a plane forming an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with the first reference plane RP1, which means that each contact surface has an extension perpendicular to or at least substantially perpendicular to the main extension of the top surface 7.

[0086] The cutting inserts 3a-3c further include a first clearance surface 27a adjacent to the first contact surface 17a, a second clearance surface 27b adjacent to the second contact surface 17b, a third clearance surface 27c adjacent to the third contact surface 17c, and a fourth clearance surface 27d adjacent to the fourth contact surface 17d. Each clearance surface 27a-27d is arranged to extend from the lower end 18 of the respective contact surface 17a-17d along the entire length of the clearance surface to the transition between the top surface 7 and the circumferential side surface 9 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, thereby providing a flat surface directly in front of the contact surface. Furthermore, each gap surface 27a-d is arranged to form an angle greater than 90°, preferably at least 95°, and more preferably at least 100° with the associated contact surfaces 17a-17d (as seen in FIG. 2) in order to clear a path for contact between the entire contact surface and the associated stop surfaces 15a, 15b of the insert holder 6, while preventing any part of the cutting inserts 3a-3c from hitting the rigid member 16 when the cutting inserts are installed into the insert holder.

[0087] The bottom support surface 12 of the insert holder 6 has a hole 22 at its center, while the cutting inserts 3a-3c have corresponding through holes 22' extending between their top surface 7 and bottom surface 8, so that the cutting inserts can be attached to the bottom support surface of the insert holder by fastening elements (especially screws 28). Preferably, the hole 22 on the bottom support surface is a threaded hole. However, in the presence of a shim 25, as shown in the embodiment, the shim may have a smooth through hole that extends into the surface 26 of the tool body 2 located below the shim in the use state, and threads may be arranged in the extension of the hole 22.

[0088] A rigid member 16 is arranged between the central hole 22 of the bottom support surface 12 and the rear end 23 of the insert holder 6, such that, in a top view, no part of the rigid member covers the central hole, facilitating easy attachment and removal of the cutting inserts 3a-3c from the insert holder 6 via screws 28. Simultaneously, the rigid member 16, particularly the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b arranged thereon, should be positioned at a distance from the rear end 23 greater than 20%, preferably greater than 25%, and more preferably greater than 30% of the total length of the insert holder, measured between the front end 24 and the rear end 23. This ensures that the stop surfaces 15a and 15b provide sufficient support for the contact surfaces 17a-17d of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, thereby stably holding the cutting inserts in the insert holder 6 during use.

[0089] The tip portions 10a and 10b are the outer portions of the cutting inserts 3a-3c. In the illustrated embodiment, the rake face is formed on the top surface of the outer portion, located between the leading cutting edge, the tail cutting edge, and the tip cutting edge, respectively. The tip cutting edge has the shape of an arc or a portion of a circle, with its center located between the first and second cutting edges, wherein the radius of the circle is preferably 0.2–2.0 mm. In other words, the tip cutting edge is preferably a convex cutting edge with a radius of curvature of 0.2–2.0 mm. The shape of the tip cutting edge may deviate slightly from the ideal arc. The top view is a view with the top surface facing the observer and the bottom surface facing away from the observer. The leading and tail cutting edges are preferably straight in the top view. The two tip portions are opposite each other, i.e., each tip portion forms an angle of 180° with respect to the other tip portion about the central axis.

[0090] Now, methods for producing turning tools 1 according to the present invention and methods for producing cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the present invention will be described. The steps of these methods are respectively described in... Figure 11 and Figure 12 The flowchart is shown.

[0091] A method for producing a turning tool 1 comprising a tool body 2 and cutting inserts 3a-3c includes the following steps 201–210 ( Figure 11 ).

[0092] First, a tool body 2 is provided, wherein the tool body 2 has a connecting portion 20 at one end 4 configured for attachment to a machine tool, and a tool holder 6 is provided at the other end 5 configured to receive cutting inserts 3a-3c in the mounted state of a turning tool 1. The tool holder of the tool body includes a bottom support surface 12 and a first sidewall section 13a and a second sidewall section 13b, the first and second sidewall sections extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface 12 on opposite lateral sides, such that the bottom support surface, the first sidewall section 13a, and the second sidewall section 13b together define a space 14 for receiving at least a portion of the cutting inserts 3a-3c in the mounted state. The tool holder 6 further includes at least one contact surface configured to provide a contact point for supporting the cutting insert in the mounted position, i.e., providing a surface intended to contact a corresponding surface of the tool holder 6, thereby providing support for the cutting insert by the tool holder at a contact point. The at least one contact surface is typically formed by a portion of one of the first sidewall segments 13a and 13b, as also described in the introduction.

[0093] The tool body 2 further includes a rigid member 16, which is configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of the first sidewall segment 13a via its first end portion 21a and rigidly connected to the upper portion of the second sidewall segment 13b via its second end portion 21b, thereby extending over the space 14 between the upper portions of the first sidewall segment 13a and the upper portions of the second sidewall segment 13b, and rigidly connecting the upper portions of the first sidewall segment 13a and the upper portions of the second sidewall segment 13b to each other. Preferably, the rigid member 16 is integrally formed with the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment at their upper portions. The tool body 2 to be provided according to one embodiment is shown in... Figures 4 to 5 middle.

[0094] Subsequently, cutting inserts 3a-3c, 103 are provided, each including a top surface 7, 107, opposing bottom surfaces 8, 108 (the cutting inserts are configured to be supported on the bottom support surface 12 of the insert holder 6 via these bottom surfaces in the mounted state), and circumferential side surfaces 9, 109 connecting the top and bottom surfaces. The cutting insert includes first tip portions 10a, 110a, and optionally also includes opposing second tip portions 11b, 111b, the first and second tip portions respectively having first cutting edges 11a, 111a and second cutting edges 11b, 111b, in the same manner as described above for the cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the invention. The cutting insert 103 to be provided according to one embodiment is shown below. Figures 1a to 1dIn fact, these diagrams illustrate, for example... Figure 2a The cutting inserts 3a-3c shown in any of the figures –2d, 9a-9b, or 10a-10b are in their state before grinding the contact surfaces 17a-17d and clearance surfaces 27a-27d of the cutting inserts. Therefore, the cutting inserts 3a-3c, 103 to be provided are defined relative to / may be relative to the same first reference plane RP1, second reference plane RP2, third reference plane RP3, and central axis A1 as described for the cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the invention, although in Figure 1a -1d is not shown.

[0095] In the next step, the stop surfaces 15a and 15b of the insert holder 6 are measured to obtain information on the actual spatial position of each stop surface 15a and 15b. Alternatively, this information may be provided, for example, from a model during the manufacture of the tool body, or, if the stop surfaces have been machined (e.g., ground), by a grinding operation. The actual spatial position of the stop surface refers to the actual position and extension of the stop surface in at least a two-dimensional plane that extends parallel to a first reference plane RP1 relative to a given reference point on the tool body (such as the central axis A2 of the center hole 22 in the bottom support surface 12, or a point on the edge of the front end 24 of the insert holder 6).

[0096] Information 204 is provided regarding the nominal (i.e., desired) position of at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a along the cutting inserts 3a-3c in the mounted state. This information essentially describes the position that the first cutting edge, or at least one point thereof, should be in the two-dimensional plane during a cutting operation using the turning tool 1. Simultaneously, information 205 regarding the position of the at least one contact surface in the insert holder 6 is also provided, or this information is obtained by measuring the at least one contact surface in the insert holder.

[0097] Furthermore, at least one contact surface corresponding to 206 is measured on the cutting inserts 3a-3c. This at least one contact surface is typically a portion of the circumferential side surface 9, which will contact the at least one contact surface in the insert holder 6 when the cutting insert is inserted. Simultaneously, the position of at least one point of 206 along the first cutting edge 11a is also measured relative to at least one given reference point (e.g., central axis A1) on the cutting inserts 3a-3c.

[0098] The next step is: based on the information of the at least one contact surface in the insert holder 6, the at least one contact surface on the cutting inserts 3a-3c, and the position of the at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a relative to at least one given reference point A1 on the cutting insert, and assuming that the cutting inserts 3a-3c will be arranged in the insert holder 6 with the at least one contact surface of the cutting insert in adjacent contact with the corresponding at least one contact surface in the insert holder 6, calculate 207 the installation position of the projection of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, and thus calculate the actual position of the projection of the at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a of the cutting inserts 3a-3c in the installed state. Therefore, the answer sought by this calculation process is: where the at least one point along the cutting edge will be located without any adjustment to the cutting insert (i.e., if the cutting insert is directly installed into the insert holder as is).

[0099] Based on this information, the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual projected position of at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a along the cutting insert 3a-3c is then calculated.

[0100] Subsequently, based on the information of the actual spatial positions of the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6, the information of the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual projected position of the at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a of the cutting insert 3a-3c, and the information of the installation position of the projection of the cutting insert 3a-3c, the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface 17a (associated with the first stop surface 15a of the insert holder 6) to be ground on the cutting insert 3a-3c and the nominal spatial position of the third contact surface 17c (associated with the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6) are calculated, so that when the cutting insert 3a-3c is installed in the insert holder 6 and the first contact surface 17a and the third contact surface 17c on the cutting insert 3a-3c are in adjacent contact with the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6, the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual projected position of the at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a of the cutting insert 3a-3c is compensated.

[0101] Therefore, the nominal spatial position of each contact surface 17a, 17c on the cutting inserts 3a-3c in the two-dimensional plane is calculated such that when these contact surfaces are supported on the first stop surface 15a and the second stop surface 15b of the insert holder 6, they will together guide the cutting inserts 3a-3c, and more specifically, guide the first cutting edge 11a or at least one point of the first cutting edge to the desired position on the turning tool 1. To give a simple example, this calculation is implemented such that: if, viewed in a top view, the cutting edge needs to be adjusted laterally by x μ in one direction, then y μ of material should be removed from the stop surface located in that direction (relative to the other stop surface).

[0102] In the final step, grinding 210 is performed on the first contact surfaces 17a and third contact surfaces 17c on the top surfaces 7 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c, thereby obtaining a turning tool 1 with improved positioning of the surface-generated cutting edge 11a. Alternatively, in short, defects in the turning tool 1 caused by tolerances in a standard production process in specific parts of the turning tool (especially its cutting inserts) are corrected, thereby providing a turning tool with extremely precise positioning of the cutting edge.

[0103] It should be noted that the specific surfaces to be ground (e.g., contact surfaces 17a, 17c of cutting inserts 3a-3c) may already exist before the grinding step (e.g., if the inserts provided in this method have the design of one of the inserts 3a-3c), meaning these surfaces already exist but are adjusted by the grinding operation, or the grinding step actually generates these surfaces (if the inserts provided in this method have the design of insert 103, which is ground to obtain insert 3a, for example—compare) Figure 1a and Figure 2a ).

[0104] The method for producing cutting inserts 3a-3c for turning tool 1 includes the following steps 301–306 ( Figure 12 ).

[0105] First, cutting inserts 3a-3c, 103 are provided, each including a top surface 7, 107, opposing bottom surfaces 8, 108, and circumferential side surfaces 9, 109 connecting the top and bottom surfaces. The cutting insert includes first tip portions 10a, 110a, and optionally also includes opposing second tip portions 11b, 111b, the first and second tip portions respectively having first cutting edges 11a, 111a and second cutting edges 11b, 111b, in the same manner as described above for the cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the invention. The cutting insert 103 to be provided according to one embodiment is shown below. Figures 1a to 1d As mentioned earlier, these figures actually show Figure 2a The cutting inserts 3a-3c shown in any of the figures –2d, 9a-9b, or 10a-10b are in their state before grinding their contact surfaces 17a-17d and clearance surfaces 27a-27d. Therefore, the cutting inserts 3a-3c, 103 to be provided are defined relative to / may be relative to the same first reference plane RP1, second reference plane RP2, third reference plane RP3, and central axis A1 as described for the cutting inserts 3a-3c according to the invention, although in Figure 1a -1d is not shown.

[0106] Subsequently, information is provided regarding the nominal position of at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a relative to at least one given reference point on the cutting inserts 3a-3c (e.g., the central axis A1 of the cutting inserts), and information is provided regarding the nominal spatial position of a first contact surface 17a configured to support the contact points of the cutting inserts 3a-3c when the cutting inserts 3a-3c are arranged on the turning tool 1. This nominal spatial position of the first contact surface 17a is the desired spatial position in the modeling environment (i.e., a theoretically ideal environment, such as in a 3D-CAD program) relative to said at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a. The nominal spatial position of the first contact surface 17a is located on the top surface 7 of the cutting inserts 3a-3c and includes an extension of the first contact surface 17a in a plane forming an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with the first reference plane RP1 and an angle greater than 0° with the third reference plane RP3.

[0107] Subsequently, the actual position of at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a is measured relative to at least one given reference point A1 on the cutting inserts 3a-3c.

[0108] Next, 304 the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a along the cutting insert 3a-3c is calculated, and further, based on the information of the spatial deviation, 305 the adjustment to be made to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface 17a is calculated to compensate for the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of at least one point of the first cutting edge 11a along the cutting insert.

[0109] More specifically, the step of calculating the adjustment to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface 17a to be made in calculation 306 includes: calculating the adjustment to be made to the extension of the first contact surface 17a relative to the third reference plane RP3 to correct the angle formed by the first contact surface 17a and the third reference plane RP3, thereby compensating for the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of the at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a by correcting the relationship between the at least one point along the first cutting edge 11a and the first contact surface 17a.

[0110] Finally, based on the calculated adjustments to be made, an adjusted first contact surface 17a (306) is ground on the top surface of the cutting inserts 3a-3c.

[0111] It should be noted that, also in this method, the specific surfaces to be ground (in the form of one or more contact surfaces 17a, 17c of the cutting inserts 3a-3c) may already exist before the grinding step (e.g., if the inserts provided in this method have the design of one of the inserts 3a-3c), meaning these surfaces already exist but are adjusted by the grinding operation, or the grinding step actually generates these surfaces (if the inserts provided in this method have the design of insert 103, which is ground to obtain insert 3a, to give an example—compare) Figure 1a and Figure 2a ).

[0112] All positions provided, measured, or calculated in either method are positions having coordinates in at least two directions in the two-dimensional plane that extends parallel to a first reference plane RP1 relative to a given reference point. Spatial positions should be understood to also include extensions of a surface or a portion thereof; that is, spatial positions include at least two coordinates in the plane, and preferably include a large number of coordinates along the relevant surface.

[0113] It should be clear from the overall description that the cutting insert according to the invention can have different numbers of tip portions 10a–10b, cutting edges 11a–11b, and contact surfaces 17a–17c. For a cutting insert having two tip portions and multiple contact surfaces, certain steps in the method can, of course, be repeated to calculate the appropriate positions of the different contact surfaces and to grind the different contact surfaces in the same manner as described for the first contact surface.

[0114] To name just a few examples, the at least one point mentioned above along the cutting edges 11a–11b can be an end point or a center point of the cutting edge. However, it is preferable to use multiple points, such as at least 10, 50, 100 or even more, to locate the cutting edge, although in some cases a single point may be sufficient.

[0115] Since the bottom surface 8 is a copy of the top surface 7 in the embodiments of the cutting inserts 3a-3c shown, it is self-evident that the bottom surface has the same portions and features as the top surface and is manufactured in the same manner. However, this may not be the case, i.e., the cutting inserts according to the invention may also have top and bottom surfaces with different designs, such as a completely flat bottom surface.

[0116] Although it should be clear from the overall description, it should be emphasized that, unless otherwise stated, any reference in the specification to features, such as those of cutting inserts according to the invention, is used not only to describe the features of the cutting inserts themselves, but also to describe turning tools according to the invention that include such cutting inserts, or cutting inserts included in any method according to the invention, and this principle applies equally to all features and all inventions described.

[0117] In summary, the present invention provides a turning tool 1, a tool body 2, and a cutting insert 3a-3c. Compared to known turning tools, tool bodies, and cutting inserts of this type, the turning tool, tool body, and cutting insert of the present invention can better adjust certain characteristics of them, such as the positioning of the cutting edge, the fixation of the cutting insert during use, or the load distribution in the cutting insert and / or tool body, to suit their intended use. This effect is achieved by at least one of the contact surfaces 17a-17d provided on the top surface 7 of the cutting insert 3a-3c and at least one of the stop surfaces 15a-15b (especially a combination of both) in the insert holder 6 of the turning tool body 2. To name only a few important examples, the described contact surfaces 17a–d and stop surfaces 15a–15b enable effective and stable fixation of the cutting insert in the insert holder during use, and effective and stable positioning of the working cutting edge 11a–11b of the cutting insert.

[0118] The present invention also relates to a method for producing turning tools 1 and cutting inserts 3a-3c having the aforementioned advantages, particularly utilizing these surfaces 17a–17d, 15a–15b to provide turning tools 1 and cutting inserts in which the cutting edges 11a–11b are positioned more precisely. Such tools 1 and inserts 3a–3c according to the invention, manufactured by the method according to the invention, not only provide customers with a high-performance product but also a product that is easy to use because during use (even after the cutting insert has been indexed), there is no need to reposition the active cutting edge.

[0119] Of course, the present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described above. On the contrary, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many possibilities exist for modifying the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the basic concept of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A turning tool (1), which includes a tool body (2) and cutting inserts (3a-3c). The tool body (2) has a connecting portion (20) at one end (4) configured to be attached to a machine tool, and the tool body (2) has a blade holder (6) at the other end (5) configured to accommodate the cutting blades (3a-3c) in the working state of the turning tool (1). in, The blade holder (6) includes: - A bottom support surface (12) and a first sidewall section (13a) and a second sidewall section (13b), the first sidewall section and the second sidewall section extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface (12) on opposite lateral sides, wherein the bottom support surface (12), the first sidewall section (13a) and the second sidewall section (13b) together define a space (14), the space (14) for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blades (3a-3c) in the usage state, and - A first stop surface (15a), which is disposed at the first side wall section (13a) or at a rigid member (16) rigidly connected to the first side wall section (13a). The cutting inserts (3a-3c) include: - Top surface (7) - On the opposite bottom surface (8), the cutting blades (3a-3c) are configured to be supported on the bottom support surface (12) of the blade holder (6) via the bottom surface (8) in the usage state. - Circumferential side surface (9), which connects the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). - First blade tip section (10a). - A first cutting edge (11a), which is arranged at the first tool tip portion (10a) at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9). The first reference plane (RP1) is positioned parallel to the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8) and located between the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8), wherein the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1). The second reference plane (RP2) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and extends through the center of the first tool tip portion (10a) and the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). The third reference plane (RP3) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and the second reference plane (RP2), and extends through the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). in, The cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a first contact surface (17a), which is associated with the first stop surface (15a) of the insert holder (6). The first stop surface (15a) of the blade holder (6) is configured to receive the first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blades (3a-3c). The first contact surface (17a) supports against the first stop surface, thereby providing a stop for the first contact surface (17a) in a direction extending longitudinally along the blade holder (6), which is measured centrally between the front end (24) and the rear end (23) of the blade holder (6), and thereby defining a fixed position of the cutting blades (3a-3c) in the blade holder (6) in the direction during use. Its features are: The first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) is arranged on the top surface (7) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the first contact surface (17a) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1), wherein, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c), the distance between the lower end (18) of the first contact surface (17a) and the first reference plane (RP1) is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the first contact surface (17a) and the first reference plane (RP1), and The first stop surface (15a) of the blade holder (6) is arranged at the upper part of the first side wall section (13a), or at a rigid member (16) that is rigidly connected to the upper part of the first side wall section (13a).

2. The turning tool (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first stop surface (15a) of the blade holder (6) is arranged to face in a direction away from the rear end (23) of the blade holder (6), and the first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is arranged to face in a direction away from the first tip portion (10a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c).

3. The turning tool (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a second cutting tip portion (10b) facing opposite to the first cutting tip portion (10a); and a second cutting edge (11b), wherein the second cutting edge (11b) is disposed at the second cutting tip portion (10b) at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9), and the cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a second contact surface (17b). The second contact surface (17b) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) is disposed at the top surface (7) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) and is configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the second contact surface (17b) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the second contact surface (17b) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the second contact surface (17b) and the first reference plane (RP1). The first contact surface (17a) and the second contact surface (17b) are arranged on opposite sides of the third reference plane (RP3).

4. The turning tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The blade holder (6) further includes: - A second stop surface (15b), which is disposed at the second sidewall section (13b) or at a rigid member (16) rigidly connected to the second sidewall section (13b). Furthermore, the cutting blade (3a-3c) further includes a third contact surface (17c) associated with the second stop surface (15b) of the blade holder (6). The third contact surface (17c) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is arranged at the top surface (7) of the cutting blade and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the third contact surface (17c) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the third contact surface (17c) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the third contact surface (17c) and the first reference plane (RP1). The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane (RP3) and on opposite sides of the second reference plane (RP2).

5. The turning tool (1) according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that, The cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a fourth contact surface (17d), which is associated with the first stop surface (15a) of the insert holder (6). The fourth contact surface (17d) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) is arranged on the top surface (7) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the fourth contact surface (17d) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the fourth contact surface (17d) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the fourth contact surface (17d) and the first reference plane (RP1). The second contact surface (17b) and the fourth contact surface (17d) are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane (RP3) and on opposite sides of the second reference plane (RP2).

6. The turning tool (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that, The first stop surface (15a) and the second stop surface (15b) each extend longitudinally in a plane parallel to the plane in which the bottom support surface (12) extends, such that the distance between the first stop surface (15a) and the second stop surface (15b) decreases in the direction toward the rear end (23) of the blade holder (6), and The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) each have a longitudinal extension in a plane parallel to the first reference plane (RP1), such that the distance between the first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) decreases in the direction away from the third reference plane (RP3).

7. The turning tool (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first stop surface (15a) and the second stop surface (15b) are arranged to form an angle of 30-150°, preferably 70-150°, and most preferably 85-125° between them, and The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) are arranged to form a corresponding angle (α degrees (paired) between them, the corresponding angle being measured within the cutting blade (3a-3c).

8. The turning tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The blade holder (6) further includes - A rigid member (16) configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a) via its first end portion (21a), preferably integral with the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a), and protruding from this upper part above the space (14) toward the upper part of the opposite second sidewall section (13b), wherein the first stop surface (15a) of the blade holder (6) is arranged at the rigid member (16).

9. The turning tool (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rigid member (16) is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the second sidewall segment (13b) via its second end portion (21b), preferably integral with the upper part of the second sidewall segment (13b), thereby extending over the space (14) between the upper part of the first sidewall segment (13a) and the upper part of the second sidewall segment (13b), and rigidly connecting the upper part of the first sidewall segment (13a) and the upper part of the second sidewall segment (13b) to each other.

10. The turning tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is a machined surface, especially a ground surface.

11. A cutting insert (3a-3c) intended to be arranged on a tool (1) for turning, the cutting insert comprising: - Top surface (7) - The opposite bottom surface (8). - Circumferential side surface (9), which connects the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). - First blade tip section (10a). - A first cutting edge (11a), the first cutting edge being disposed at the first tool tip portion (10a), located at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9), and - A first contact surface (17a), configured to provide a contact point for supporting the cutting inserts (3a-3c) when the cutting inserts (3a-3c) are positioned at the turning tool (1). The first reference plane (RP1) is positioned parallel to the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8) and located between the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8), wherein the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1). The second reference plane (RP2) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and extends through the center of the first tool tip portion (10a) and the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). The third reference plane (RP3) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and the second reference plane (RP2), and extends through the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). Its features are: The first contact surface (17a) is disposed on the top surface (7) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the first contact surface (17a) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1), wherein, measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c), the distance between the lower end (18) of the first contact surface (17a) and the first reference plane (RP1) is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the first contact surface (17a) and the first reference plane (RP1).

12. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The cutting insert (3a-3c) further includes a second cutting tip portion (10b) facing opposite to the first cutting tip portion (10a); and a second cutting edge (11b), wherein the second cutting edge (11b) is arranged at the second cutting tip portion (10b) at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9).

13. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cutting blades (3a-3c) further include a second contact surface (17b). The second contact surface (17b) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) is arranged on the top surface (7) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the second contact surface (17b) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the second contact surface (17b) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the second contact surface (17b) and the first reference plane (RP1). The first contact surface (17a) and the second contact surface (17b) are arranged on opposite sides of the third reference plane (RP3).

14. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The cutting blades (3a-3c) further include a third contact surface (17c). The third contact surface (17c) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is arranged on the top surface (7) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the third contact surface (17c) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the third contact surface (17c) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the third contact surface (17c) and the first reference plane (RP1). The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane (RP3) and on opposite sides of the second reference plane (RP2).

15. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to claims 13 to 14, characterized in that, The cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a fourth contact surface (17d). The fourth contact surface (17d) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) is arranged on the top surface (7) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) and configured to extend from the lower end (18) to the upper end (19) of the fourth contact surface (17d) away from the top surface (7) in a plane forming an angle with the first reference plane (RP1). The distance between the lower end (18) of the fourth contact surface (17d) and the first reference plane (RP1), measured in a direction parallel to the central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c), is less than the distance between the upper end (19) of the fourth contact surface (17d) and the first reference plane (RP1). The second contact surface (17b) and the fourth contact surface (17d) are arranged on the same side of the third reference plane (RP3) and on opposite sides of the second reference plane (RP2).

16. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that, The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) each have a longitudinal extension in a plane parallel to the first reference plane (RP1), such that the distance between the first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) decreases in the direction away from the third reference plane (RP3).

17. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first contact surface (17a) and the third contact surface (17c) are arranged to form an angle of 30-150°, preferably 70-150°, and most preferably 85-125° between them, the angle being measured within the cutting blade (3a-3c).

18. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first contact surface (17a) extends in a plane that forms an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with the first reference plane (RP1). The cutting inserts (3a-3c) further include a first clearance surface (27a) adjacent to the first contact surface (17a), the first clearance surface (27a) being arranged such that its lower end portion (18) away from the first contact surface (17a) extends to the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9) of the cutting inserts (3a-3c), thereby providing a flat surface directly in front of the first contact surface (17a), and The first contact surface (17a) and the first gap surface (27a) form an angle greater than 90°, preferably at least 95°, and more preferably at least 100°.

19. The cutting insert (3a-3c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is a machined surface, especially a ground surface.

20. A tool body (2) is intended to be provided with cutting inserts (3a-3c), the cutting inserts including a first tip portion (10a) and a first contact surface (17a), the first contact surface (17a) being disposed on the top surface (7) of the cutting inserts (3a-3c) and facing away from the first tip portion (10a), thereby forming a turning tool (1). The tool body (2) has a connecting portion (20) at one end (4) configured to be attached to a machine tool, and the tool body (2) has a blade holder (6) at the other end (5) configured to accommodate the cutting blades (3a-3c). in, The blade holder (6) includes: - A bottom support surface (12) and a first sidewall segment (13a) and a second sidewall segment (13b), the first sidewall segment and the second sidewall segment extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface (12) on opposite lateral sides, wherein the bottom support surface (12), the first sidewall segment (13a) and the second sidewall segment (13b) together define a space (14) for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blades (3a-3c), and - A first stop surface (15a) is disposed at the first sidewall section (13a) or on a rigid member (16) rigidly connected to the first sidewall section (13a), and faces toward the front end (24) of the blade holder (6) from the rear end (23) away from the blade holder (6), wherein the first stop surface (15a) is configured to receive the first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c), and provides a stop for the first contact surface (17a) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) in a direction extending longitudinally along the blade holder (6), the longitudinal extension being centrally measured between the front end (24) and the rear end (23) of the blade holder (6), and thereby defining a fixed position of the cutting blade (3a-3c) in that direction when the cutting blade (3a-3c) is received in the blade holder (6). The first stop surface (15a) of the blade holder (6) is located at the upper part of the first side wall section (13a), or at a rigid member (16) that is rigidly connected to the upper part of the first side wall section (13a).

21. The tool body (2) according to any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that, The blade holder (6) further includes A rigid member (16) is configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a) via its first end portion (21a) and protruding from this upper part above the space (14) toward the upper part of the opposite second sidewall section (13b), wherein the first stop surface (15a) of the blade seat (6) is arranged at the rigid member (16).

22. The tool body (2) according to claim 21, characterized in that, The rigid member (16) is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper portion of the second sidewall segment (13b) via its second end portion (21b), thereby extending over the space (14) between the upper portions of the first sidewall segment (13a) and the second sidewall segment (13b), and rigidly connecting the upper portions of the first sidewall segment (13a) and the second sidewall segment (13b) to each other.

23. A method for producing a turning tool (1), the turning tool (1) comprising a tool body (2) and cutting inserts (3a-3c), wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) Provide a tool body (2) having a connecting portion (20) at one end (4) configured for attachment to a machine tool, and a tool holder (6) at the other end (5) configured to accommodate the cutting inserts (3a-3c) in the mounted state of the turning tool (1). The blade holder (6) includes: - A bottom support surface (12) and a first sidewall section (13a) and a second sidewall section (13b), the first sidewall section and the second sidewall section extending along at least a portion of the bottom support surface (12) on opposite lateral sides of the bottom support surface (12), wherein the bottom support surface (12), the first sidewall section (13a) and the second sidewall section (13b) together define a space (14) for receiving at least a portion of the cutting blades (3a-3c) in the installed state. - A first stop surface (15a), which is disposed at the first sidewall section (13a) or at a rigid member (16) rigidly connected to the first sidewall section (13a). b) Provide cutting inserts (3a-3c), the cutting inserts comprising: - Top surface (7) - On the opposite bottom surface (8), the cutting blades (3a-3c) are configured to be supported on the bottom support surface (12) of the blade holder (6) via the bottom surface (8) in the mounting position. - Circumferential side surface (9), which connects the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). - First blade tip section (10a). - A first cutting edge (11a), which is arranged at the first tool tip portion (10a) at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9). - At least one contact surface, said at least one contact surface being configured to provide a contact point for supporting the cutting blades (3a-3c) at the mounting location. The first reference plane (RP1) is positioned parallel to the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8), and is located between the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). The central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1). The second reference plane (RP2) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and extends through the center of the first tool tip portion (10a) and the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). The third reference plane (RP3) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and the second reference plane (RP2), and extends through the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). c) Measure and / or provide information on the actual spatial position of the first stop surface (15a). d) Provide information on the nominal position of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) of the cutting insert (3a-3c) in the installed state. e) Measure and / or provide information on the position of at least one contact surface in the blade holder (6), f) Measure the position of at least one corresponding contact surface on the cutting insert (3a-3c) and at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) relative to at least one given reference point (A1) on the cutting insert (3a-3c). g) Based on the information obtained from steps e) and f), and based on the assumption that the cutting inserts (3a-3c) will be arranged in the insert holder (6) with at least one contact surface of the cutting insert adjacent to the corresponding contact surface in the insert holder (6), calculate the installation position of the projection of the cutting inserts (3a-3c), and thereby calculate the actual position of the projection of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) of the cutting inserts (3a-3c) in the installation state. h) Calculate the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of the projection of at least one point of the first cutting edge (11a) along the cutting insert (3a-3c). i) Based on the information obtained from steps c) and h) and the information on the mounting position of the projection of the cutting inserts (3a-3c), calculate the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) to be ground on the cutting inserts (3a-3c) associated with the first stop surface (15a) of the insert holder (6), so as to compensate for the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of the projection of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) of the cutting inserts (3a-3c) when the cutting inserts (3a-3c) are mounted in the insert holder (6) and the first contact surface (17a) on the cutting inserts (3a-3c) contacts the first stop surface (15a) of the insert holder (6) in an adjacent manner. j) Based on the information obtained from step i), grind such a first contact surface (17a) on the cutting insert (3a-3c).

24. The method for producing turning tools (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that, The blade holder (6) of the tool body (2) provided in step a) includes: - A first stop surface (15a) is disposed on the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a), or on a rigid member (16) rigidly connected to the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a), and Step j) more specifically includes: Based on the information obtained from step i), the first contact surface (17a) on the top surface (7) of the cutting blade (3a-3c) is ground.

25. The method for producing turning tools (1) according to claim 24, characterized in that, Step a) includes providing the tool body (2), the tool body (2) having the insert holder (6), the insert holder (6) further comprising: - A rigid member (16) configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the first sidewall segment (13a) via its first end portion (21a), preferably integrally formed with the upper part of the first sidewall segment (13a), and protruding from this upper part above the space (14) toward the upper part of the opposing second sidewall segment (13b). The first stop surface (15a) is arranged at the rigid member (16).

26. The method for producing turning tools (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that, Step a) includes providing the tool body (2), wherein the rigid member (16) of the blade holder (6) of the tool body (2) is further configured to be rigidly connected to the upper part of the second sidewall section (13b) via its second end portion (21b), preferably integrally formed with the upper part of the second sidewall section (13b), thereby extending over the space (14) between the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a) and the upper part of the second sidewall section (13b), and rigidly connecting the upper part of the first sidewall section (13a) and the upper part of the second sidewall section (13b) to each other.

27. A method for producing cutting inserts (3a-3c), the cutting inserts being intended to be arranged on a tool (1) for turning, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a') Provides cutting inserts (3a-3c), the cutting inserts comprising: - Top surface (7) - The opposite bottom surface (8). - Circumferential side surface (9), which connects the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). - The first blade tip (10a), and - A first cutting edge (11a), which is arranged at the first tool tip portion (10a) at the transition between the top surface (7) and the circumferential side surface (9). The first reference plane (RP1) is positioned parallel to the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8) and located between the top surface (7) and the bottom surface (8). The central axis (A1) of the cutting blades (3a-3c) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1). The second reference plane (RP2) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and extends through the center of the first tool tip portion (10a) and the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). The third reference plane (RP3) extends perpendicularly to the first reference plane (RP1) and the second reference plane (RP2), and extends through the central axis (A1) of the cutting blade (3a-3c). b) Provides information on the nominal position of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) relative to at least one given reference point (A1) on the cutting insert (3a-3c), and information on the nominal spatial position of a first contact surface (17a) configured to provide the contact point for supporting the cutting insert (3a-3c) when the cutting insert (3a-3c) is positioned on the turning tool (1), wherein the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) is, in a modeling environment, the desired spatial position of the first contact surface relative to the at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a). c') Measure the actual position of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) relative to at least one given reference point (A1) on the cutting insert (3a-3c). d´) Calculate the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of at least one point along the first cutting edge (11a) of the cutting insert (3a-3c). e') Based on the information obtained from step d'), calculate the adjustment to be made to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) to compensate for the spatial deviation between the nominal position and the actual position of at least one point of the first cutting edge (11a) along the cutting blade (3a-3c). f') Based on the information obtained from step e'), an adjusted first contact surface (17a) is ground on the cutting blades (3a-3c).

28. The method for producing cutting inserts (3a-3c) according to claim 27, characterized in that, The nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) is located on the top surface (7) of the cutting blade (3a-3c), and Step f') more specifically includes: Based on the information obtained from step e'), the adjusted first contact surface (17a) is ground on the top surface of the cutting blade (3a-3c).

29. The method for producing cutting inserts (3a-3c) according to any one of claims 27 to 28, characterized in that, The nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) includes its extension in a plane that forms an angle of 90° or at least substantially 90° with the first reference plane (RP1) and an angle greater than 0° with the third reference plane (RP3). The calculation of the adjustment to be made to the nominal spatial position of the first contact surface (17a) in step e') includes: calculating the adjustment to be made to the extension of the first contact surface (17a) relative to the third reference plane (RP3) to correct the angle formed by the first contact surface (17a) and the third reference plane (RP3).

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