A material crushing and separation device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of material crushing and processing technology, specifically to a material crushing and separation device and method for crushing kitchen waste and outputting slurry. The device includes a barrel, the inner cavity of which is divided by a filter plate into an upper crushing chamber and a lower slurry discharge chamber. A vertical rotating shaft is installed inside the crushing chamber, and a crushing rotor is installed at the lower end of the shaft, the rotor being in contact with the upper surface of the filter plate. A rotating support assembly is provided below the filter plate, including a rotating sleeve coaxial with the rotating shaft. Multiple vertical plates are evenly distributed and fixed around the outer ring of the rotating sleeve, the upper ends of the vertical plates abutting against the lower end face of the filter plate. Two of the vertical plates are connected by a retaining plate to form a measuring chamber with an open upper end. A first level gauge and multiple upward-facing nozzles are installed inside the measuring chamber, the nozzles being connected to a water supply pipeline. This invention facilitates the sequential monitoring of the filter plate clogging level using the measuring chamber and allows for timely clearing of clogging points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material crushing and processing technology, and in particular to a material crushing and separation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of environmentally friendly recycling of materials, some high-moisture materials (such as kitchen waste containing vegetables, staple foods, bones, etc.) need to be fed into a material crushing and separating device (also known as a pulping machine). The high-speed rotating blades within the device crush the material into a slurry and separate any incompletely crushed solid impurities (such as bones, plastic fragments, etc.). Then, using filter plates in the crushing and separating device and the weight of the material, the slurry falls from the filter plates into the discharge chamber. The slurry in the discharge chamber is collected in a hopper and discharged from the lower outlet. The discharged slurry undergoes subsequent processes such as oil extraction and separation of organic and inorganic impurities. Solid impurities that cannot be completely crushed to form a slurry above the filter plates are periodically discharged.

[0003] In addition, existing material crushing and separating devices generally have multiple vertical plates installed in their inner cavity. These vertical plates are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating shaft to support the filter plates and prevent them from deforming due to the pressure of the material above.

[0004] The inventors learned that in the actual use of the aforementioned material crushing and separation device, due to the varying moisture content of different batches of material, it is difficult for users to determine whether the filter plate is clogged simply by observing the slurry output flow rate. Furthermore, the clogging of the filter holes on the filter plate occurs gradually. When the slurry flow rate of the crushing and separation device decreases significantly, the filter plate is already severely clogged, requiring a shutdown for unclogging, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and affects material processing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a material crushing and separation device and method, which can at least solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide a material crushing and separating device for crushing kitchen waste and outputting slurry. The device includes a barrel, the inner cavity of which is divided by a filter plate into an upper crushing chamber and a lower slurry discharge chamber. A vertical rotating shaft is installed inside the crushing chamber, and a crushing rotor is installed at the lower end of the shaft, the rotor being attached to the upper surface of the filter plate. A rotating support assembly is provided below the filter plate, including a rotating sleeve coaxial with the rotating shaft. Multiple vertical plates are evenly distributed and fixed around the outer ring of the rotating sleeve, the upper ends of the vertical plates abutting against the lower end face of the filter plate. Two of the vertical plates are connected by a retaining plate to form a measuring chamber with an open upper end. A first level gauge and multiple upward-facing nozzles are installed inside the measuring chamber, the nozzles being connected to a water supply pipeline. An openable and closable outlet is provided at the bottom of the measuring chamber, and an openable and closable discharge port is provided at the lower end of the slurry discharge chamber. A second level gauge is provided in the slurry discharge chamber. The rotating support assembly can rotate around a vertical axis under the drive of a power component. The crushing and separating device also includes a controller, which can receive data from the first level gauge and the second level gauge. The controller can control the opening and closing of the nozzle, outlet and discharge port, and control the operation of the power component so that the upper end of the measuring chamber is aligned with different positions of the filter plate along the circumference.

[0007] One or more embodiments of the present invention also provide a control method for controlling the above-mentioned material crushing and separation device, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: The material is fed into the crushing chamber for crushing to form a slurry and solid impurities mixed in the slurry. The slurry falls through the filter plate into the discharge chamber, while the solid impurities remain in the crushing chamber and are repeatedly crushed.

[0009] Step 2: The controller collects data from the first level gauge in the measuring chamber and the second level gauge in the slurry discharge chamber. Combining the dimensions of the measuring chamber and the slurry discharge chamber with the monitoring time, it calculates the ratio 'a' of the slurry flow rate falling through the filter plate section above the measuring chamber to the total slurry flow rate falling through the entire filter plate. The ratio 'b' is the ratio of the projected area of ​​the filter plate section above the measuring chamber to the vertical projected area of ​​the entire filter plate.

[0010] When a < 0.95b, proceed to step 3; when a ≥ 0.95b, proceed to step 4.

[0011] Step 3: Start the nozzle, rotate the support assembly, and the nozzle cleans the filter plate above the measuring chamber with high-pressure water.

[0012] Step 4: Without starting the nozzle, rotate the support assembly to rotate the measuring chamber by a set angle to move it to another position below the filter plate, and then repeat step 2.

[0013] The beneficial effects of one or more of the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0014] In this solution, without compromising the structural strength and stability of the filter plate, the original fixed support structure composed of multiple vertical plates is replaced with a rotating support assembly. The vertical plates in the rotating support assembly maintain effective support for the filter plate during rotation. Furthermore, two of the vertical plates, together with the enclosing plate, form an independent measuring chamber, which also performs a cleaning function. In other words, this solution, without affecting the original vertical plate support structure, creates a measuring chamber with its upper end fitting the filter plate, integrating filter plate support, clogging detection, and filter plate cleaning into the rotating support assembly, resulting in a more compact structure and improved space utilization.

[0015] In this solution, by measuring the liquid levels in the measuring chamber and the discharge chamber and calculating the flow ratio, it is possible to accurately predict and locate filter plate blockage. This fundamentally overcomes the lag and misjudgment problems caused by traditional devices that rely solely on the total discharge flow rate to judge blockage. It can identify blockage in the early stages of slight blockage, thus avoiding shutdown for cleaning due to worsening blockage.

[0016] In summary, this solution, based on a rotating support assembly, can identify and flush clogged areas without shutting down the machine and without manual intervention, reducing manual labor and downtime losses, and facilitating continuous crushing, pulping, and separation of materials with high moisture content. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the overall structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA line.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the lower middle structure.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram of part A.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating support assembly, filter plate, and support ring in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a side view of the filter plate and the crushing rotor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is an axial side view of the rotating support assembly of the filter plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is an axonometric schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the rotary support assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a bottom view of part of the structure of the filter plate and rotating support assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a partial structural diagram of the cone and filter plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Enlarged structural diagram of section B;

[0029] Figure 13 This is a front view schematic diagram of the filter plate and support ring in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of section C.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1. Barrel body; 101. Conical cylinder; 1011. Slurry discharge port; 1012. Support leg; 102. Cylindrical cylinder; 103. Crushing chamber; 104. Slurry discharge chamber; 2. Top cover; 3. Driven wheel; 4. Drive belt; 5. Feed inlet; 6. Slag discharge port; 7. Drive motor; 8. Upper baffle; 9. Rotating shaft; 10. Lower baffle; 11. Rotary support assembly; 1101. Vertical plate; 1102. Gear ring; 1103. Support frame; 1104. Seat 1105. Body; 1106. Rotating sleeve; 1107. Enclosing plate; 1108. Measuring chamber; 12. Crushing rotor; 121. Wave plate; 122. Rotating body; 123. Blade; 13. Filter plate; 14. Support ring; 15. Gear; 16. Extension cylinder; 17. Motor; 18. Motor bracket; 19. Gap; 20. Guide rod; 21. Installation space; 22. Insert plate; 23. Filter port; 24. Eccentric wheel; 25. Power motor; 26. Rotating rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] See Figures 1-10A typical embodiment of the present invention provides a material crushing and separating device for crushing kitchen waste and outputting slurry. The device includes a barrel 1, the inner cavity of which is divided by a filter plate 13 into an upper crushing chamber 103 and a lower slurry discharge chamber 104. A vertical rotating shaft 9 is installed inside the crushing chamber 103, and a crushing rotor 12 is installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 9. The crushing rotor 12 is in contact with the upper surface of the filter plate 13 and rotates at high speed with the rotating shaft 9, thoroughly crushing the kitchen waste in the crushing chamber 103. Simultaneously, the close contact between the crushing rotor 12 and the filter plate 13 can scrape off material residue from the upper surface of the filter plate 13, reducing the probability of filter pore blockage. Specifically, filter pores are evenly distributed on the filter plate 13, preferably round holes.

[0035] A rotating support assembly 11 is provided below the filter plate 13. The rotating support assembly 11 includes a rotating sleeve 1105 coaxial with the rotating shaft 9. Multiple vertical plates 1101 are evenly distributed and fixed around the outer ring of the rotating sleeve 1105. The number of vertical plates 1101 is determined according to the size of the filter plate 13 and the load-bearing requirements. In this embodiment, 6-8 vertical plates 1101 are preferably provided. The upper end of each vertical plate 1101 abuts against the lower end face of the filter plate 13. The multiple vertical plates 1101 evenly distribute the weight of the filter plate 13 and the material above it, effectively preventing deformation of the filter plate 13. Two vertical plates 1101 are connected by a sealing plate 1106. The sealing plate 1106 is sealed to the two vertical plates 1101 to form a measuring cavity 1107 with an open upper end.

[0036] Specifically, there are two enclosure plates 1106. One enclosure plate 1106 serves as a bottom plate to block the lower end of the measuring cavity 1107, and the other enclosure plate 1106 serves as a side plate to block the end of the measuring cavity 1107 away from the rotating sleeve 1105.

[0037] In this embodiment, the number of vertical plates on the rotating support assembly 11 is n, and the included angle between adjacent vertical plates is . At this moment, the area of ​​the filter plate directly above the measuring chamber accounts for [percentage] of the total filter plate area. The number of filter holes above the measuring chamber accounts for a certain percentage of the total number of filter holes on the filter plate. Assuming the filter plate is not clogged, the proportion of slurry falling above measuring chamber 1107 to the total slurry falling through the filter plate should be [percentage missing]. .

[0038] The measuring chamber 1107 is equipped with a first level gauge (not shown in the figure) and multiple upward-facing nozzles (not shown in the figure). The first level gauge can monitor the liquid level of the slurry in the measuring chamber 1107 in real time. The lower end of the nozzle is installed at the bottom of the measuring chamber 1107. The nozzle is arranged vertically and sprays vertically upward, aligned with the lower end face of the filter plate 13. The nozzle is connected to a water supply pipeline (not shown in the figure). A high-pressure water pump and a solenoid valve are connected in series on the water supply pipeline. The solenoid valve is electrically connected to a controller, which controls the opening and closing of the nozzle. The bottom of the measuring chamber 1107 has an openable and closable outlet with a valve. The valve is electrically connected to the controller, which controls the opening and closing of the outlet to discharge the slurry in the measuring chamber 1107 into the discharge chamber 104. The lower end of the discharge chamber 104 has an openable and closable discharge port 1011 with a discharge valve. The discharge valve is electrically connected to the controller to control the discharge of the slurry in the discharge chamber 104. A second level gauge (not shown in the figure) is provided in the slurry discharge chamber 104. The second level gauge is used to monitor the slurry level in the slurry discharge chamber 104 in real time. The rotating support assembly 11 can rotate around the vertical axis under the drive of the power assembly, so as to realize the circumferential movement of the measuring chamber 1107 below the filter plate 13.

[0039] The crushing and separation device also includes a controller (not shown in the figure). The controller is a PLC controller, which is electrically connected to the first level gauge, the second level gauge, the high-pressure water pump, the solenoid valve, the electric valve, the slurry discharge valve, and the power component. It can receive the level data transmitted by the first level gauge and the second level gauge, and calculate the following slurry flow rate ratio a by combining the preset size of the measuring chamber 1107, the size of the slurry discharge chamber 104, and the monitoring time. Then, it determines whether the area corresponding to the filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber is blocked, and controls the coordinated action of each component to realize the automated operation of the device.

[0040] Specifically, multiple support legs 1012 are installed at the bottom of the barrel 1 to support it and suspend the lower end of the barrel 1 in the air, facilitating the arrangement of the discharge port 1011 and the discharge of slurry. More specifically, the support legs 1012 are installed at the lower part of the outer wall of the cone 101 described below, and the multiple support legs 1012 are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the cone 101. In this embodiment, four support legs 1012 are preferably provided to ensure the stable support of the barrel 1 and prevent shaking during equipment operation.

[0041] To drive the rotating shaft 9, a detachable top cover 2 is installed at the upper end of the barrel 1. The top cover 2 is connected to the upper flange of the barrel 1 by bolts, facilitating future equipment maintenance. The upper end of the rotating shaft 9 extends upward through the top cover 2, and the rotating shaft 9 and the top cover 2 are connected by a sealed bearing to prevent leakage of slurry or odor from the crushing chamber 103. The upper end of the rotating shaft 9 is coaxially fixed with the driven wheel 3. A drive motor 7 is also installed on the upper part of the barrel 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 7 is coaxially fixed with the driving wheel. The driving wheel and the driven wheel 3 are connected by a transmission belt 4. After the drive motor 7 starts, it drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate at high speed through the driving wheel, transmission belt 4, and driven wheel 3, thereby driving the crushing rotor 12 to rotate and realize the crushing of materials.

[0042] In this embodiment, the lower end of the rotating shaft 9 is coaxially fixed with the crushing rotor 12. The crushing rotor 12 is supported by the filter plate 13 and the two are rotatably connected. Specifically, the lower end of the crushing rotor 12 is provided with an annular protrusion, and the upper surface of the filter plate 13 is provided with a central hole that matches the annular protrusion. The annular protrusion is embedded in the central hole to realize the rotatable connection between the crushing rotor 12 and the filter plate 13, which not only ensures the rotational stability of the crushing rotor 12, but also prevents the crushing rotor 12 from radially deviating. The crushing rotor 12 includes a pulsator, which consists of a rotating body 122 and wave plates 121 fixed on the rotating body 122. Multiple blades 123 are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the upper surface of the pulsator. The blades 123 are made of alloy material. The lower end of the pulsator abuts against the upper surface of the filter plate 13. The pulsator is provided with a row of flushing nozzles (not shown in the figure) extending radially along the filter plate 13 and pointing downwards. The flushing nozzles are evenly distributed in the radial direction of the pulsator. The flushing nozzles are connected to the liquid supply channel (not shown in the figure) in the crushing rotor 12. The liquid supply channel passes through the rotating body 122 and the rotating shaft 9 and is connected to the water supply pipeline. The flushing nozzles can spray high-pressure water onto the upper surface of the filter plate 13. With the rotation of the crushing rotor 12, the upper surface of the filter plate 13 is thoroughly flushed, further reducing filter pore blockage.

[0043] In this embodiment, the barrel 1 includes a cylindrical body 102 and a conical body 101 connected below the cylindrical body 102. The cylindrical body 102 and the conical body 101 are integrally formed. The lower end of the conical body 101 is tapered to facilitate the slurry in the slurry discharge chamber 104 to converge and be discharged through the slurry discharge port 1011. A filter plate 13 is disposed in the conical body 101. The filter plate 13 has a circular structure and is coaxially arranged with the conical body 101. A support ring 14 coaxial with itself is fixed in the conical body 101. The support ring 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the conical body 101 by welding, and the filter plate 13 is supported by the support ring 14. An extension cylinder 16 coaxial with itself is installed at the lower end of the inner ring of the support ring 14. The extension cylinder 16 is integrally formed or welded to the support ring 14 to further support the support ring 14.

[0044] To prevent the material in the crushing chamber 103 from rotating synchronously with the shaft 9 and the crushing rotor 12, and thus to prevent the synchronous rotation of the material from affecting its own crushing, multiple upper baffles 8 are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the cylinder 102, and multiple lower baffles 10 are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the cone 101. The upper baffles 8 and the lower baffles 10 are both fixed to the inner wall of the barrel 1 by welding and extend along the axial direction of the barrel 1. They can break the circumferential motion of the material, so that the material can fully contact the blades 123 and improve the crushing efficiency.

[0045] In this embodiment, the lower end of the rotating sleeve 1105 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the support frame 1103. Specifically, the upper end of the support frame 1103 is provided with a seat 1104, and the lower end of the rotating sleeve 1105 is embedded in the seat 1104, thereby realizing the rotatable connection between the rotating sleeve 1105 and the support frame 1103 and ensuring smooth rotation of the rotating support assembly 11. The lower end of the support frame 1103 abuts against the inner wall of the cone cylinder 101. The support frame 1103 includes multiple support rods, which are evenly distributed circumferentially. The upper end of the support rods is fixed to the seat 1104, and the lower end abuts against and is fixed to the inner wall of the cone cylinder 101, ensuring the support stability of the support frame 1103. A gear ring 1102 is fixed to the outer ring of the vertical plate 1101. The gear ring 1102 is welded to the vertical plate 1101. A gear 15 is rotatably installed at the extension cylinder 16. The gear 15 is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the extension cylinder 16 and meshes with the gear ring 1102. A drive shaft is installed on the side of the extension cylinder 16 away from the center of the cone cylinder 101. The drive shaft is rotatably installed on the extension cylinder 16 and is used to drive the gear 15 to rotate. The drive shaft passes downward through the cone cylinder 101 and is connected to the rotary drive component. The rotary drive component is a motor 17. The motor 17 is installed on the outer wall of the cone cylinder 101 through a motor bracket 18. The output shaft of the motor 17 is connected to the drive shaft through a coupling. After the motor 17 is started, it drives the drive shaft and the gear 15 to rotate. The gear 15 drives the gear ring 1102 and the rotary support assembly 11 to rotate around the vertical axis as a whole.

[0046] Specifically, an installation space 21 is formed between the extension cylinder 16, the support ring 14, and the inner wall of the cone cylinder 101. Part of the structure of the gear 15 extends out of the installation space 21 and meshes with the gear ring 1102. Another part of the structure of the gear 15 is embedded in the installation space 21 and fixed to the drive shaft provided in the installation space 21. The installation space 21 can protect the gear 15 and the drive shaft, reduce the probability of slurry erosion of the components, and extend the service life of the components.

[0047] In this embodiment, the nozzles are arranged in a row along the radial direction of the rotating shaft 9 within the measuring chamber 1107. The number of nozzles is set according to the size of the measuring chamber 1107 to ensure that the high-pressure water sprayed by the nozzles can cover the area of ​​the filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107 radially, thereby improving the unclogging effect. Since the nozzles can rotate with the rotating support assembly 11, a single row or two rows of nozzles are sufficient.

[0048] In this embodiment, the upper part of the crushing chamber 103 is provided with a feed inlet 5, which is located on the upper part of the side wall of the cylinder 102 and connected to an external feeding device for feeding kitchen waste into the crushing chamber 103; the lower part of the crushing chamber 103 is provided with a slag discharge port 6, which is located on the lower part of the side wall of the cylinder 102. A slag discharge valve is provided at the slag discharge port 6, which is electrically connected to the controller. When solid impurities in the crushing chamber 103 accumulate to a certain amount, the controller controls the slag discharge valve to open and discharge the solid impurities. After the slag discharge is completed, the slag discharge valve is closed to ensure the continuous operation of the device.

[0049] This embodiment also provides a control method for a material crushing and separation device, including the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Start the drive motor 7 to drive the rotating shaft 9 and the crushing rotor 12 to rotate at high speed. Feed the kitchen waste into the crushing chamber 103 through the feed port 5 for crushing. The material is crushed into slurry and solid impurities mixed in the slurry under the action of the blades 123. The slurry falls into the discharge chamber 104 through the filter holes of the filter plate 13 under the action of gravity. The solid impurities are retained in the crushing chamber 103 and are repeatedly crushed by the high-speed rotating crushing rotor 12 until the slurry is formed or the preset slag discharge conditions are met.

[0051] Step 2: The controller collects data from the first level gauge in the measuring chamber 1107 and the second level gauge in the slurry discharge chamber 104 in real time, and at the same time closes the outlet at the bottom of the measuring chamber 1107 and the slurry discharge port 1011 at the bottom of the slurry discharge chamber 104 to ensure that the slurry can be retained for measurement. Combining the preset dimensions of the measuring chamber 1107, the slurry discharge chamber 104, and the set monitoring time, the built-in algorithm calculates the slurry flow rate Q1 falling through the filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107 and the slurry flow rate Q2 falling through the entire filter plate 13, and then calculates the ratio a = Q1 / Q2. The ratio of the projected area S1 of the filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107 to the vertical projected area S2 of the entire filter plate 13 is b, where b is a preset fixed value, which is calculated in advance based on the opening size of the measuring chamber 1107 and the area of ​​the filter plate 13. For example, if the projected area of ​​the filter plate above the measuring chamber 1107 is 1 / 8 of the total area of ​​the filter plate, then b = 0.125.

[0052] When a < 0.95b, it indicates that there is a blockage in the area of ​​filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107, and the slurry flow rate in this area is lower than the normal level. Proceed to step 3. When a ≥ 0.95b, it indicates that there is no obvious blockage in the area of ​​filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107, and the slurry flow rate is within the normal range. Proceed to step 4.

[0053] Step 3: The controller starts the high-pressure water pump in the water supply pipeline and opens the solenoid valve. The nozzle sprays high-pressure water onto the lower end face of the filter plate 13. At the same time, the controller starts the rotary drive (motor 17) to drive the rotary support assembly 11 to rotate slowly back and forth, so that the nozzle can thoroughly flush the area of ​​the filter plate 13 above the measuring chamber 1107 and flush away the blockage in the filter holes. During the flushing process, the outlet at the bottom of the measuring chamber 1107 and the discharge port 1011 of the discharge chamber 104 are opened. The sewage and slurry generated during the flushing are discharged into the discharge chamber 104 and then discharged through the discharge port 1011. After the flushing is completed, the high-pressure water pump and the solenoid valve are turned off, and the nozzle stops spraying water.

[0054] Step 4: The nozzle is not started. The controller controls the rotating support assembly 11 to rotate the measuring chamber 1107 by a set angle. The set angle is determined according to the number of vertical plates 1101. For example, if there are 8 vertical plates 1101, the set angle is 45°. This ensures that after rotation, the measuring chamber 1107 can be aligned with another unmonitored area of ​​the filter plate 13. Then, step 2 is repeated to achieve cyclic monitoring and unclogging of the entire circumferential area of ​​the filter plate 13.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figures 11-14 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the connection method between the filter plate 13 and the support ring 14 is different, and a lifting mechanism for the filter plate 13 is added to cope with severe clogging, as detailed below:

[0057] In this embodiment, the filter plate 13 is supported by the support ring 14 and a limiting component that can be inserted into the two is provided between them; in the first state, the outer ring of the filter plate 13 abuts against the support ring 14, at which time the filter plate 13 is in the normal working position, and the slurry is filtered through the filter holes of the filter plate 13; in the second state, the filter plate 13 rises to form a set gap 19 with the support ring, the size of the gap 19 is 5-10mm, at which time the slurry can fall quickly into the slurry discharge chamber 104 through the gap 19, avoiding the slurry from not being able to flow out quickly due to severe blockage of the filter plate 13.

[0058] Specifically, the limiting component here includes a guide rod 20 fixed to the filter plate 13 and a guide hole provided on the support ring 14. The guide hole extends vertically through the support ring 14, and the lower end of the guide rod 20 is inserted into the guide hole and slides in cooperation with the guide hole. The number of guide rods 20 and guide holes are set accordingly and are evenly distributed along the circumference to ensure that the filter plate 13 can remain horizontal during the lifting and lowering process and avoid tilting. At the same time, it plays a limiting role to prevent the filter plate 13 from radially shifting.

[0059] In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 9 includes a hollow shaft and a core shaft (not shown in the figure) embedded in the hollow shaft. The upper end of the core shaft extends upward through the top cover 2 of the barrel 1. The core shaft and the hollow shaft can only slide relative to each other in the vertical direction. They are connected by a key to ensure that the core shaft can drive the hollow shaft to rotate synchronously when it rotates. The lower end of the hollow shaft is fixed to the crushing rotor 12, driving the crushing rotor 12 to rotate synchronously. Multiple horizontal rotating rods 26 are provided through the side wall of the cone 101. The rotating rods are rotatably mounted on the side wall of the cone 101 through bearings. An eccentric wheel 24 is installed on the rotating rod 26. The eccentric wheel 24 abuts against the lower end of the support frame 1103. The outer end of the rotating rod extends to the outside of the cone 101 and is connected to the drive handle or the power motor 25. By rotating the rotating rod, the eccentric wheel is driven to rotate. The eccentric wheel pushes the support frame 1103 to move up and down, thereby driving the rotating support assembly 11 and the filter plate 13 to move up and down, realizing the switching of the filter plate 13 between the first state and the second state.

[0060] Specifically, when the support frame 1103 can be raised and lowered by the eccentric wheel, a vertical guide (such as a guide rod and a guide sleeve interlocked with each other) can be provided between the support frame 1103 and the inner wall of the cone to prevent the support frame from rotating relative to the cone.

[0061] When the filter plate 13 becomes severely clogged and cannot be restored to a large flow rate after cleaning with nozzles and flushing nozzles, rotate the rotating rod to drive the eccentric wheel to rotate. The eccentric wheel pushes the support frame 1103 to rise. The support frame 1103 drives the filter plate 13 to rise through the vertical plate 1101, so that a gap 19 is formed between the filter plate 13 and the support ring 14. The slurry falls quickly through the gap 19 to ensure that the equipment can continue to operate. The filter plate 13 will be thoroughly cleaned after the machine is shut down.

[0062] In this embodiment, the inner ring of the support ring 14 is provided with a plurality of slots that penetrate vertically along its circumference. The lower surface of the filter plate 13 is provided with an insert plate 22 that is vertically inserted into the slot. The insert plate 22 is integrally formed with the filter plate 13. The size of the insert plate 22 matches the slot and can slide up and down along the slot. Adjacent insert plates form a filter port 23. The channel area of ​​the filter port 23 is basically equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the filter holes of the filter plate 13, which allows slurry containing small particles to pass through.

[0063] In this configuration, by raising and lowering the filter plate 13 and using the insert plate 22 on the filter plate 13, multiple filter ports 23 can be created at the vertical gap 19 between the filter plate 13 and the support ring 14. When the cleaning effect of the nozzles and flushing nozzles on the filter plate 13 is poor and the slurry outflow rate is too slow, the filter ports 23 are temporarily used to increase the filtration speed to avoid the entire crushing and separation device stopping and affecting the continued crushing and output of materials. Simultaneously, the filter ports 23 can also provide some filtration for the slurry, preventing larger solid impurities from entering the discharge chamber 104.

[0064] The above specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or modifications made to the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A material crushing and separating device for crushing kitchen waste and outputting slurry, characterized in that, Includes a barrel body, the inner cavity of which is divided into an upper crushing chamber and a lower slurry discharge chamber by a filter plate. A vertical rotating shaft is installed in the crushing chamber, and a crushing rotor is installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft. The crushing rotor is attached to the upper surface of the filter plate. A rotating support assembly is provided below the filter plate. The rotating support assembly includes a rotating sleeve coaxial with the rotating shaft. Multiple vertical plates are evenly distributed and fixed around the outer ring of the rotating sleeve. The upper end of the vertical plates abuts against the lower end face of the filter plate. Two of the vertical plates are connected by a surrounding plate to form a measuring cavity with an open upper end. A first level gauge and multiple upward-facing nozzles are installed in the measuring cavity. The nozzles are connected to a water supply pipeline. The bottom end of the measuring cavity is provided with an openable and closable outlet. The lower end of the slurry discharge cavity is provided with an openable and closable slurry discharge port. A second level gauge is provided in the slurry discharge cavity. The rotating support assembly can rotate around the vertical axis under the drive of the power assembly. It also includes a controller that can receive data from the first level gauge and the second level gauge. The controller can control the opening and closing of the nozzle, outlet and discharge port, and control the operation of the power assembly so that the upper end of the measuring chamber is aligned with different positions of the filter plate along the circumference.

2. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixed coaxially with the crushing rotor. The crushing rotor is supported by the filter plate and the two are rotatably connected. The crushing rotor includes a pulsator. Multiple blades are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the upper surface of the pulsator. The lower end of the pulsator abuts against the upper surface of the filter plate. A row of flushing nozzles extending radially along the filter plate and pointing downwards is provided on the pulsator. The flushing nozzles are connected to the liquid supply channel in the crushing rotor. The liquid supply channel is connected to the water supply pipeline.

3. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The barrel body includes a cylindrical body and a conical body connected below the cylindrical body. The filter plate is disposed in the conical body, and a support ring coaxial with itself is fixed in the conical body. The filter plate is supported by the support ring, and an extension cylinder coaxial with itself is installed at the lower end of the inner ring of the support ring.

4. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the upper end of the support frame. The lower end of the support frame abuts against the inner wall of the cone. A gear ring is fixed on the outer ring of the vertical plate. A gear is rotatably installed at the extension cylinder. The gear meshes with the gear ring. A drive shaft is installed on the side of the extension cylinder away from the center of the cone. The drive shaft is used to drive the gear to rotate. The drive shaft passes downward through the cone and connects to the rotating drive component.

5. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filter plate is supported by a support ring and a limiting component that can be inserted into it from the top and bottom is provided between the two; in the first state, the outer ring of the filter plate abuts against the support ring; in the second state, the filter plate rises to form a set gap with the support ring.

6. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotating shaft includes a hollow shaft and a core shaft embedded in the hollow shaft. The upper end of the core shaft extends upward through the barrel. The core shaft and the hollow shaft can only slide relative to each other in a vertical direction. The lower end of the hollow shaft is fixed to the crushing rotor. Multiple horizontal rotating rods are provided through the side wall of the cone. Eccentric wheels are installed on the rotating rods. The eccentric wheels abut against the lower end of the support frame.

7. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner ring of the support ring is provided with a plurality of slots that penetrate vertically along its circumference. The lower surface of the filter plate is provided with insert plates that are vertically inserted into the slots, and the adjacent insert plates form a filter opening.

8. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nozzles are arranged in a row radially along the axis of rotation within the measuring chamber.

9. The material crushing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing chamber is provided with a feed inlet at the top and a slag discharge outlet at the bottom.

10. A control method for a material crushing and separating device, used to control the material crushing and separating device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The material is fed into the crushing chamber for crushing to form a slurry and solid impurities mixed in the slurry; the slurry falls through the filter plate to the discharge chamber, and the solid impurities remain in the crushing chamber and are repeatedly crushed. Step 2: The controller collects data from the first level gauge in the measuring chamber and the second level gauge in the slurry discharge chamber. Combining the dimensions of the measuring chamber and the slurry discharge chamber with the monitoring time, it calculates the ratio 'a' of the slurry flow rate falling through the filter plate section above the measuring chamber to the slurry flow rate falling through the entire filter plate. The ratio of the projected area of ​​the filter plate section above the measuring chamber to the vertical projected area of ​​the entire filter plate is b. When a < 0.95b, proceed to step 3; when a ≥ 0.95b, proceed to step 4. Step 3: Start the nozzle, rotate the support assembly, and the nozzle cleans the filter plate above the measuring chamber with high-pressure water; Step 4: Without starting the nozzle, rotate the support assembly to rotate the measuring chamber by a set angle to move it to another position below the filter plate, and then repeat step 2.

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