Small copper electrolysis device for experiment

Abstract

The invention relates to a small copper electrolysis device for experiments, which comprises a shell, an electric control module and an electrolysis module are arranged in the shell, the electrolysis module comprises an electrolytic bath, a cathode rod is arranged at the center in the electrolytic bath, a circle of cathode cylinder is arranged on the periphery of the cathode rod, and a circle of anode cylinder is fixedly arranged on the peripheral side of the cathode cylinder in the electrolytic bath. One end of the anode cylinder is connected with an anode conductor wire; the lower end of the cathode rod penetrates through the electrolytic bath and is rotationally connected with the electrolytic bath, and a driving mechanism is arranged below the electrolytic bath and is in transmission connection with the lower end of the cathode rod; a rotary conductive mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the cathode rod and comprises a closed mercury cylinder, a conductive joint is arranged in the mercury cylinder through a bearing, the conductive joint upwards penetrates out of the mercury cylinder and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the cathode rod, a circle of gap is formed between the conductive joint and the mercury cylinder, and mercury is filled in the gap; the side wall of the mercury cylinder is provided with a cathode terminal conducted with mercury; according to the invention, the experimental data better conforms to the actual situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of copper electrolysis technology, specifically a small-scale experimental copper electrolysis device. Background Technology

[0002] Copper electrolytic refining is the main process for producing pure copper. Some companies need to adjust process parameters or raw material ratios through experiments. In some small electrolytic devices used for experiments, the cathode needs to rotate, while the cable connecting the cathode is stationary. Therefore, conductive slip rings are generally required to achieve conductivity between the rotating and stationary parts. However, the conductive slip rings rely on the frictional contact of internal metal contacts (such as gold, silver, or copper alloys). Prolonged rotation can cause contact wear, leading to increased and fluctuating contact resistance. For copper electrolysis, an experiment that requires high current stability, resistance fluctuations can cause changes in current density, thereby affecting the uniformity of copper deposition at the cathode. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a small-scale copper electrolysis device for experimental use.

[0004] The specific solution of the present invention is as follows: a small copper electrolysis device for experimental use, comprising a shell, an electrical control module and an electrolysis module inside the shell, the electrolysis module comprising an electrolysis cell, a cathode rod installed at the center of the electrolysis cell, a cathode cylinder arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode rod, one end of the cathode cylinder being fixedly connected to the cathode rod, an anode cylinder fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode cylinder inside the electrolysis cell, one end of the anode cylinder being connected to an anode conductive wire; the lower end of the cathode rod penetrates the electrolysis cell and is rotatably connected to the electrolysis cell, a driving mechanism is provided below the electrolysis cell, the driving mechanism being drively connected to the lower end of the cathode rod; a rotating conductive mechanism is provided at the bottom end of the cathode rod, the rotating conductive mechanism comprising a closed mercury cylinder, a conductive connector mounted inside the mercury cylinder via a bearing, the conductive connector extending upward through the mercury cylinder and being fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cathode rod, a gap is provided between the conductive connector and the mercury cylinder, the gap being filled with mercury, and a cathode terminal connected to the mercury on the side wall of the mercury cylinder.

[0005] Furthermore, the side wall of the mercury cylinder is provided with a threaded hole, and a connecting bolt is installed in the threaded hole. The inner end of the connecting bolt extends into the mercury, and the outer end of the connecting bolt serves as the cathode terminal.

[0006] Furthermore, the anode cylinder is provided with densely distributed filter holes, making the anode cylinder appear as a mesh.

[0007] Furthermore, the anode cylinder is composed of several arc-shaped cylindrical plates, and an anode connecting ring is provided at the upper end of the electrolytic cell. The upper end of each arc-shaped cylindrical plate is fixedly connected to the anode connecting ring, and the anode connecting ring is connected to the anode conductive wire.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a motor and a reducer. The output end of the motor is connected to the reducer. The reducer contains a transmission gear for connecting to the cathode rod. The connection between the transmission gear and the cathode rod is provided with an insulating component.

[0009] Furthermore, a guide sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, the cathode rod is inserted into the guide sleeve and slidably connected to the guide sleeve, and a sealing element is installed between the top of the guide sleeve and the cathode rod to prevent electrolyte from entering the guide sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the electrolytic cell is provided with a cover plate, one end of which is connected to the outer shell via a hinge.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: by setting the rotating conductive mechanism of the cathode rod to a mercury conductive method, the frictional loss between the rotating part and the fixed part is greatly reduced while meeting the conductivity requirements, thereby avoiding fluctuations caused by increased contact resistance, making the current density more stable during the copper electrolysis process, and thus improving the uniformity of cathode copper deposition; it also eliminates experimental data errors caused by the experimental equipment itself, making the experimental data more consistent with the actual situation. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 AA view;

[0015] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 CC view;

[0016] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view at point V;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the hidden outer shell of the electrolysis module of the present invention;

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Cathode cylinder; 3. Anode cylinder; 4. Guide sleeve; 5. Cathode rod; 6. Rotary conductive mechanism; 61. Mercury cylinder; 62. Bearing; 63. Seal; 64. Conductive connector; 7. Anode connecting ring; 8. Electrolytic cell; 9. Electrical control module; 10. Drive mechanism; 11. Anode conductive wire; 12. Cover plate; 13. Pressing threaded cover. Detailed Implementation

[0019] See Figure 1-6This embodiment is a small-scale copper electrolysis device for experimental use, including a shell 1. Inside the shell 1 are an electrical control module 9 and an electrolysis module. The electrolysis module includes an electrolysis cell 8. A cathode rod 5 is installed at the center of the electrolysis cell 8. A cathode cylinder 2 is arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode rod 5, with one end of the cathode cylinder 2 fixedly connected to the cathode rod 5. An anode cylinder 3 is fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode cylinder 2 inside the electrolysis cell 8, with one end of the anode cylinder 3 connected to an anode conductive wire 11. The lower end of the cathode rod 5 passes through the electrolysis cell 8 and is rotatably connected to it. A driving mechanism 1 is located below the electrolysis cell 8. 0. The drive mechanism 10 is connected to the lower end of the cathode rod 5. The bottom end of the cathode rod 5 is provided with a rotating conductive mechanism 6. The rotating conductive mechanism 6 includes a closed mercury cylinder 61. A conductive connector 64 is installed in the mercury cylinder 61 through a bearing 62. The conductive connector 64 extends upward through the mercury cylinder 61 and is threadedly connected to the bottom end of the cathode rod 5. A gap is provided between the side wall of the conductive connector 64 and the mercury cylinder 61. A certain gap is also provided between the bottom surface of the conductive connector 64 and the mercury cylinder 61. The gap is filled with mercury. The side wall of the mercury cylinder 61 is provided with a cathode terminal that is in communication with mercury.

[0020] In this embodiment, the cathode cylinder 2 is provided with a connecting plate at its top end. The connecting plate has a through hole in its center. The outer side of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the cathode cylinder 2. The top end of the cathode rod 5 passes through the through hole of the connecting plate and is equipped with a clamping threaded cover 13. The clamping threaded cover 13 is threadedly connected to the top of the cathode rod 5. The connecting plate and the cathode cylinder 2 are fixedly connected to the cathode rod 5 as a whole by the clamping threaded cover 13, so that when the cathode rod 5 rotates, it drives the cathode cylinder 2 to rotate synchronously.

[0021] The mercury tank 61 described in this embodiment includes a tank body and a tank cover. A seal 63 is installed above the bearing 62 inside the tank body. The seal 63 is used to prevent the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 8 from entering the mercury tank 61 and also to prevent mercury from leaking out.

[0022] Furthermore, the side wall of the mercury cylinder 61 is provided with a threaded hole, and a connecting bolt is installed in the threaded hole. The inner end of the connecting bolt extends into the mercury, and the outer end of the connecting bolt serves as the cathode terminal.

[0023] Furthermore, the anode cylinder 3 is provided with a dense array of filter holes, making the anode cylinder 3 mesh-like. By providing a dense array of filter holes, the anode mesh itself has a certain ability to filter impurities, making the electrolyte passing through the anode mesh purer and helping to improve the purity of the copper adhering to the cathode cylinder 2.

[0024] Furthermore, the anode cylinder 3 is composed of four arc-shaped cylindrical plates. The upper end of the electrolytic cell 8 is provided with a square anode connecting ring 7. The upper end of each arc-shaped cylindrical plate is provided with a groove-shaped connecting section. The cylindrical plate is fixedly connected to one side of the anode connecting ring 7 through the groove-shaped connecting section. The outer side of the anode connecting ring 7 is provided with a connector, which is connected to the anode conductive wire 11 through the connector.

[0025] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 10 includes a motor and a reducer. The output end of the motor is connected to the reducer, which contains a transmission gear for connecting to the cathode rod 5. An insulating component is provided at the connection point between the transmission gear and the cathode rod 5. By providing an insulating component at the connection point between the transmission gear and the cathode rod 5, the large current generated during the electrolysis process cannot pass through the reducer, preventing electrical shock and damage to the reducer. In this embodiment, the connection points between the cathode rod 5 and the transmission gear are all coated with an insulating layer, and the key for transmitting torque between them is also made of insulating material, thereby ensuring that the large current is not transmitted to the reducer through the cathode rod 5.

[0026] Furthermore, a guide sleeve 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 8, the cathode rod 5 is inserted into the guide sleeve 4 and slidably connected to the guide sleeve 4, and a sealing element is installed between the top of the guide sleeve 4 and the cathode rod 5. The sealing element is used to prevent electrolyte from entering the guide sleeve 4.

[0027] Furthermore, the top of the electrolytic cell 8 is provided with a cover plate 12, one end of which is rotatably connected to the outer casing 1 via a hinge. This arrangement facilitates the opening of the cover plate 12 to observe or remove the anode cylinder 3 and the cathode cylinder 2.

[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The anode conductive wire 11 is connected to the anode of the power supply, and the cathode terminal is connected to the cathode of the power supply via a cable, thereby energizing the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 8. This causes copper ions to ionize from the anode and move to the cathode cylinder 2 to re-aggregate and adhere. The electrical control module 9 is used to control the voltage, current, and other parameters output by the power supply. During electrolysis, the drive mechanism 10 drives the cathode rod 5 and the cathode cylinder 2 to rotate at a certain speed. The anode cylinder 3 is connected to the anode of the power supply via the anode connecting ring 7, and the cathode of the power supply is connected to the mercury in the mercury tank 61 via a terminal. Mercury has excellent conductivity, almost comparable to ordinary steel, thus enabling the cathode rod 5 to be connected to the cathode of the power supply. The cathode rod 5 is connected to the cathode cylinder 2 via a connecting plate, thus achieving continuous electrolysis between the rotating cathode cylinder 2 and the fixed anode cylinder 3. During operation, the mercury remains liquid and its conductivity is stable, resulting in minimal wear between the cathode rod 5 and the mercury tank 61, thereby solving the problem of current fluctuations caused by wear affecting the uniformity of the cathode cylinder 2.

Claims

1. A small-scale copper electrolysis apparatus for experimental use, characterized in that: The device includes an outer casing, within which are an electrical control module and an electrolysis module. The electrolysis module includes an electrolytic cell with a cathode rod at its center. A cathode cylinder is arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode rod, with one end of the cathode cylinder fixedly connected to the cathode rod. An anode cylinder is fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the cathode cylinder within the electrolytic cell, with one end of the anode cylinder connected to an anode conductive wire. The lower end of the cathode rod penetrates the electrolytic cell and is rotatably connected to it. A drive mechanism is located below the electrolytic cell and is drively connected to the lower end of the cathode rod. A rotating conductive mechanism is located at the bottom of the cathode rod. The rotating conductive mechanism includes a closed mercury cylinder. A conductive connector is mounted inside the mercury cylinder via a bearing. The conductive connector extends upward through the mercury cylinder and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cathode rod. A gap filled with mercury is provided between the conductive connector and the mercury cylinder. A cathode terminal connected to the mercury is located on the side wall of the mercury cylinder.

2. The experimental small-scale copper electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mercury cylinder has a threaded hole on its side wall, and a connecting bolt is installed in the threaded hole. The inner end of the connecting bolt extends into the mercury, and the outer end of the connecting bolt serves as the cathode terminal.

3. The experimental small-scale copper electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode cylinder is provided with a dense array of filter holes, making the anode cylinder appear as a mesh.

4. A small-scale copper electrolysis apparatus for experimental use according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The anode cylinder is composed of several arc-shaped cylindrical plates. An anode connecting ring is provided at the upper end of the electrolytic cell. The upper end of each arc-shaped cylindrical plate is fixedly connected to the anode connecting ring, and the anode connecting ring is connected to the anode conductive wire.

5. The experimental small-scale copper electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a motor and a reducer. The output end of the motor is connected to the reducer. The reducer contains a transmission gear for connecting to the cathode rod. The connection between the transmission gear and the cathode rod is provided with an insulating component.

6. The experimental small-scale copper electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell. The cathode rod is inserted into the guide sleeve and slidably connected to the guide sleeve. A sealing element is installed between the top of the guide sleeve and the cathode rod to prevent electrolyte from entering the guide sleeve.

7. The experimental small-scale copper electrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the electrolytic cell is equipped with a cover plate, one end of which is connected to the outer shell via a hinge.

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