Construction expansion joint waterproof structure of constructional engineering
By using an elastic plate slot structure and piezoelectric components in building expansion joints, adaptive sealing and real-time monitoring are achieved, solving the problem of unpredictable seal damage and water leakage in expansion joint waterproof structures under dynamic environments, thus improving the waterproof performance and maintenance efficiency of buildings.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
The performance degradation of existing building expansion joint waterproofing structures is unpredictable under dynamic service conditions, and the seals are easily damaged, making it impossible to detect water leakage in time, which leads to damage to the building structure.
It adopts an elastic plate and slot structure, combined with piezoelectric components and conductive materials, to achieve adaptive sealing and real-time wireless monitoring. It distinguishes between deformation and water seepage signals, integrates moisture detection, and provides visual early warning.
It achieves adaptive sealing of building expansion joints, timely monitoring and early warning, reduces the risk of friction damage, and improves maintenance efficiency and preventive maintenance capabilities.
Smart Images
Figure CN121853699A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterproofing technology for construction expansion joints, specifically a waterproofing structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering. Background Technology
[0002] Building expansion joints are key structural nodes that coordinate structural deformation and release temperature stress. Their long-term effective waterproof sealing performance is directly related to the durability of the building envelope and the quality of the indoor environment. The current engineering technology system mainly relies on passive sealing solutions based on material elasticity. However, the performance degradation and unknown status of these solutions under dynamic service environments have become prominent technical bottlenecks restricting the operation and maintenance of buildings throughout their entire life cycle.
[0003] A typical expansion joint waterproofing structure consists of two fasteners fixed to both sides of the expansion joint, and a cover plate fixed to one side of the fastener. When the expansion joint deforms, the fasteners move with the expansion joint, and the cover plate moves with the fasteners to keep covering the expansion joint. However, when the cover plate moves relative to the wall, the sealing element will rub against the wall and the fastener body. The rough surface of the wall rubbing against the sealing element can cause damage such as chipping and breakage.
[0004] The periodic relative motion between the rigid, fixed cover plate and the continuously deforming seam causes micro-amplitude reciprocating shearing at the sealing interface, which not only accelerates the stress relaxation of the sealing material but also induces cumulative wear at the interface, leading to structural damage.
[0005] After a seal fails, moisture and water can enter. Because conventional cover plates are tightly fixed to the expansion joint with fasteners, it's impossible to clearly assess the extent of damage to the internal seals or whether water leakage has occurred during inspections. Therefore, it's impossible to detect leaks inside the expansion joint immediately. Thus, a waterproof structure for construction expansion joints is needed to quickly detect and repair leaks after a seal fails, preventing prolonged water seepage from damaging the building. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering, comprising two side plates, a top sealing plate fixedly connected to the lower surface of the left side plate, a top sealing plate provided in the middle of the upper side of the side plate, sealing strips fixedly connected to the lower surfaces of both sides of the side plate, threaded holes extending through the upper and lower sides of both sides of the side plate, an elastic plate fixedly connected to the middle of the lower surface of the top sealing plate, a slot provided in the middle of the side plate, a locking block fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic plate, and the locking block locking into the slot; Each of the two side plates is fixedly connected to a fixing cylinder on the side that is close to each other, and a first spring is provided between the two fixing cylinders; A waterproofing mechanism is also installed between the two side panels; Furthermore, the upper sealing plate is equipped with a moisture detection mechanism.
[0008] Preferably, the height of the upper surfaces of the left and right sides of the side plate is the same as the height of the middle part of the upper surface of the upper cover plate, the lower surfaces of the left and right sides of the upper cover plate are in contact with the upper surface of the side plate, and the lower ends of the two side plates that are close to each other are provided with a platform extending towards the middle of the two.
[0009] Preferably, the waterproofing mechanism includes a first bracket, the left end of which is fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the left side plate, a first piezoelectric component is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the first bracket, a first magnet is fixedly connected to the right side of the inner wall of the first bracket, a second bracket is fixedly connected to the left side of the outer wall of the right side plate, a second spring is fixedly connected to the right side of the inner wall of the second bracket, the left end of the second spring extends to the outer left side of the second bracket, a second magnet is fixedly connected to the left end of the second spring, the left side of the second magnet contacts the outer wall of the first magnet, an impact rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the second magnet, the left end of the impact rod passes through the first magnet and extends to the left side of the first magnet to contact the first piezoelectric component, and a second piezoelectric component is provided inside the right side of the second spring, the right end of the second piezoelectric component is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the right side plate, and the right end of the impact rod is located to the left of the second piezoelectric component.
[0010] Preferably, the first magnet and the second magnet are attracted to each other on their adjacent sides, and the second spring is in a stretched and energy-storing state when the first magnet and the second magnet are in contact with each other.
[0011] Preferably, the upper surface of the lower platform of the side plate is provided with a first conductive strip and a second conductive strip, both of which are made of conductive material, and both the first conductive strip and the second conductive strip are connected to the side plate through an insulating coating.
[0012] Preferably, both the first piezoelectric component and the second piezoelectric component are electrically connected to the first conductive strip, and the second conductive strip is electrically connected to the wireless signal transmitting device.
[0013] Preferably, the upper sealing plate has a mounting hole, the moisture detection mechanism is located inside the mounting hole on the upper sealing plate, and the moisture detection mechanism includes a sealing sleeve, the outer wall of the sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole, and the replaceable moisture reaction component includes a conductive metal substrate, which has a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to each other. A humidity-responsive power generation layer is bonded to the first main surface. The humidity-responsive power generation layer includes a hygroscopic electrolyte material and an active metal material, which are used to form a galvanic cell with the conductive metal substrate in a humid environment and generate an electromotive force. An electrochromic display layer is bonded to the second main surface via a conductive layer; The current generated by the humidity-responsive power generation layer is conducted to the electrochromic display layer via the conductive metal substrate, driving it to change color.
[0014] Preferably, the conductive metal substrate is one of galvanized steel plate, pure zinc plate, pure magnesium plate or aluminum alloy plate.
[0015] Preferably, the electrochromic display layer comprises at least one of Prussian blue, tungsten oxide, or viologen compounds; The active metal material in the humidity-responsive power generation layer is zinc powder or magnesium powder, and the hygroscopic electrolyte material is at least one of lithium chloride, calcium chloride, or water-absorbing resin.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: 1. Through the sliding cooperation of the elastic plate, the card block and the card slot, and the synergistic effect of the first spring in the fixed cylinder, the upper sealing plate and the side plate are in close contact, and the relative friction between the structure and the building is reduced, thereby allowing the relatively smooth side plate to contact the upper sealing plate and extending the service life. 2. The first and second piezoelectric components integrated into the waterproofing mechanism directly convert the mechanical impact energy during abnormal deformation into electrical energy, driving the low-power wireless module to send coded signals. This solves the problem of lag in traditional manual inspections, enabling real-time, proactive, and wireless remote alarm for abnormal deformation of expansion joints, and improving the automation level and response speed of structural safety monitoring.
[0017] 3. The parallel "high-resistance deformation loop" and "conditional conduction seepage loop" in the circuit design utilize the step change in the total resistance of the loop before and after the water medium conducts, which changes the main current flow path after piezoelectric generation. The subsequent signal encoding module accurately identifies the voltage characteristics corresponding to this path through ADC sampling, thereby classifying and encoding a single physical trigger event into two different wireless signals: "01-deformation overlimit" or "10-seepage occurs". This enables maintenance personnel to remotely and accurately distinguish the nature of the fault, providing key decision-making basis and avoiding misjudgment and waste of maintenance resources.
[0018] 4. By setting up a replaceable moisture detection mechanism, its built-in conductive metal substrate and electrochromic display layer can generate electricity when moisture intrudes, and drive the color-changing layer to undergo an irreversible color change. This mechanism constitutes an early visual warning. Inspectors can accurately locate early moisture points on the surface of the top sealing plate with the naked eye before the leakage worsens. This changes the maintenance mode from post-disaster emergency repair to pre-disaster prevention, reducing the risk of deep structural damage and high repair costs caused by the accumulation of hidden water seepage. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waterproofing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the moisture detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the overall circuit block diagram of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Side plate; 2. Top sealing plate; 3. Screw hole; 4. Sealing strip; 5. Elastic plate; 6. Clamping block; 7. Fixing cylinder; 8. First spring; 9. Waterproofing mechanism; 10. Moisture detection mechanism; 901. First bracket; 902. First piezoelectric component; 903. First magnet; 904. Second bracket; 905. Second spring; 906. Second magnet; 907. Impact rod; 908. Second piezoelectric component; 909. First conductive strip; 910. Second conductive strip; 101. Sealing sleeve; 102. Replaceable moisture reaction component; 11. Wireless signal transmitter. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1: Please see Figure 1-6This embodiment is intended to illustrate the basic sealing and adaptive compression of the device. Side plates 1 are installed and fixed on both sides of the inner wall of the building expansion joint and fixed to the building by screws through screw holes 3. The upper sealing plate 2 is inserted into the slot in the middle of the side plate 1 through the elastic plate 5 at its lower part and the locking block 6 at its end. The pre-tightening force of the elastic plate 5 is used to press the two sides of the upper sealing plate 2 tightly against the upper surface of the two side plates 1, and the sealing strip 4 enhances the sealing of the contact surface. When the width of the expansion joint changes due to temperature changes in the building structure, the side plates 1 fixed on both sides of the expansion joint move relative to each other. At this time, the upper sealing plate 2, which is fixedly connected to one side plate 1, is wider than the gap between the two side plates 1, so it adaptively adjusts its coverage span. The sliding fit of the locking block 6 in the slot and the first spring 8 in the fixing cylinder 7 work together to make the device move stably and fit, avoiding premature damage to the sealing strip 4 due to hard friction.
[0022] This structure achieves dynamic self-adaptation of the sealing interface pressure. Throughout the entire deformation cycle, the sealing system can always maintain a tight cover over the expansion joint, effectively blocking daily moisture and splashing water. This solves the problem of sealing failure caused by friction in traditional rigid covers and significantly extends the service life of the waterproof structure.
[0023] Example 2: Please see Figure 1-6 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment is intended to show the device's deformation over-limit monitoring and mechanical signal triggering. After the basic sealing installation is completed, the anti-seepage mechanism 9 is put into operation. Its first bracket 901 and second bracket 904 are respectively fixed on the left and right side plates 1. The two are connected by the second spring 905, and the second magnet 906 and the first magnet 903 are held together by magnetic force within the normal gap width range.
[0024] As the expansion joint continues to deform, the two side plates 1 move further apart. When the second spring 905 pulls the plate apart beyond the preset range of conventional elastic compensation, the relative displacement of the side plates 1 during the continuous deformation forces the second spring 905 to further store energy and stretch. At the moment when the deformation reaches the critical point, the attraction between the first magnet 903 and the second magnet 906 is overcome, and the two suddenly separate. The second spring 905 then releases its stored energy, causing the impact rod 907 to strike the second piezoelectric component 908 at high speed.
[0025] When the building body expands due to higher temperatures, causing the expansion joints to narrow and the two side panels 1 to come closer together, the first magnet 903 and the second magnet 906 attract each other after they come close together, causing the impact rod 907 to strike the first piezoelectric component 902 at high speed.
[0026] The mechanical energy generated by the impact is converted into instantaneous electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect. This electrical signal triggers the wireless signal transmitter 11 to send a specific alarm signal representing "the expansion joint displacement has exceeded the limit" to the remote receiving terminal. This allows managers to know immediately that the structure has undergone abnormal deformation, which facilitates timely inspection and realizes the upgrade from passive waterproofing to active deformation monitoring.
[0027] Example 3: Please see Figure 1-6 Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, this function is built on the monitoring of Embodiment 2. A first conductive strip 909 and a second conductive strip 910 that are mutually insulated are preset on the lower platform of the side plate 1. The two, together with the first piezoelectric component 902, the second piezoelectric component 908 and the signal transmitting device 11, form a specific circuit path. When the sealing system fails unexpectedly, causing water to seep in and accumulate on the lower platform of the side plate 1, the accumulated water acts as a conductive medium, forming a bypass conductive path between the first conductive strip 909 and the second conductive strip 910. At this time, if the deformation exceeds the limit and triggers any piezoelectric component to generate electricity, the generated current will preferentially be transmitted to the signal transmitting device 11 through this low-resistance water path. The circuit logic is designed to recognize this special path, so that the transmitted signal encoding is different from the simple deformation signal. Based on different signal codes, the receiving terminal can clearly distinguish whether the received alarm is due to excessive deformation or water leakage, thus realizing self-diagnosis of leakage. Patrol personnel can accurately judge the internal condition without disassembling the cover plate, realizing the perception of abnormal displacement and sealing failure, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency and pertinence.
[0028] Example 4: Please see Figure 1-6 Based on Embodiments 1, 2 and 3, in this embodiment, a moisture detection mechanism 10 is embedded in the mounting hole of the upper sealing plate 2. The moisture detection mechanism 10 is composed of a rubber sealing sleeve 101 and a replaceable moisture reaction component 102. Once a large amount of moisture or condensation bypasses the main seal and enters the vicinity of the upper sealing plate 2, it will come into contact with the humidity-responsive power generation layer of the moisture detection mechanism 10. The hygroscopic material and active metal in the humidity-responsive power generation layer form a micro battery under the action of moisture, generating a weak current. This current is conducted through the conductive metal substrate to the electrochromic display layer on the surface, driving it to undergo a vivid color change from colorless to blue.
[0029] By simply observing the surface of the top sealing plate 2 with the naked eye, the inspectors can directly detect the local discoloration of the moisture detection mechanism 10. This change directly indicates that the specific location is in a humid environment, which may indicate a weak point in the seal or a micro-leakage. This provides the most advanced and intuitive visual warning and can accurately locate potential problem areas, guiding preventive maintenance or fixed-point repairs to eliminate potential hazards before water seepage occurs.
[0030] Example 5: Please see Figure 1-7 Based on Embodiments 1, 2 and 3, this embodiment relates to the connection relationship between the anti-seepage mechanism 9 and the signal transmitting device 11, and the seepage detection circuit composed of the first conductive strip 909 and the second conductive strip 910.
[0031] The signal generation and recognition system mainly includes: a mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion module, a signal path selection module, an energy management and signal encoding module, and a wireless transmission module; Mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion module: It consists of a first piezoelectric component 902 and a second piezoelectric component 908, which uses piezoelectric ceramic sheets and is encapsulated in a waterproof shell. Its electrode leads are marked as positive (P+) and negative (P-) respectively. Signal path selection module: consists of two parallel detection loops; The first detection circuit (deformation circuit) consists of a high-value resistor R1, which is directly connected between the output terminal of the mechanical-electrical energy conversion module and the input detection terminal of the signal encoding module. Its resistance value is preferably in the range of 1 MΩ to 10 MΩ to ensure that the current of this circuit is extremely small in the dry state, thereby generating a recognizable low-voltage signal characteristic at the detection input terminal of the signal encoding module. The second detection circuit (water seepage circuit) consists of a first conductive strip 909 and a second conductive strip 910 pre-installed on the lower platform of the side plate 1. The first conductive strip 909 and the second conductive strip 910 are arranged in parallel with a spacing of 2mm-5mm. Both are made of corrosion-resistant metal strips, such as stainless steel or gold-plated copper strips, and are isolated from the body of the side plate 1 by an insulating coating. This circuit is connected to the signal path selection module through a wire. Energy management and signal encoding module: Its core is an ultra-low power energy harvesting management chip or a custom voltage comparator circuit, and a microprocessor or a dedicated encoding chip; The energy management and signal encoding module includes an energy harvesting circuit, a voltage detection circuit, and a logic encoding circuit. The energy harvesting circuit stores the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric component. The voltage detection circuit monitors the voltage across the deformation detection loop or the current flowing through it. The logic encoding circuit determines whether the current state is one of excessive deformation or water leakage based on the output of the voltage detection circuit, and generates the corresponding digital encoding signal. This module can be implemented using a custom analog-digital mixed circuit built with discrete components, or it can be implemented using an integrated ultra-low power microcontroller (MCU), such as a microcontroller unit with analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and comparator functions. Wireless transmission module: namely signal transmission device 11, which adopts a low-power radio frequency transmission chip, and its enable terminal is controlled by the power management and signal encoding module; The positive outputs (P+) of the first piezoelectric component 902 and the second piezoelectric component 908 are connected to the input terminals of the full-bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4). It should be understood that the bridge rectifier circuit can also adopt other equivalent topologies or integrated rectifier bridge modules, as long as it can realize the function of converting the AC signal generated by the piezoelectric component into a DC signal. The positive output (Vrect+) of the rectifier is connected to the positive terminal of an energy storage capacitor C1 and the VIN pin of the energy harvesting management chip U1. The capacitance value is preferably a tantalum capacitor or supercapacitor with a value of 10µF-100µF. The negative terminal of the rectified output (Vrect-) and the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 are grounded together; Path selection logic implementation: The positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the high-value resistor R1 and the common terminal (COM) of an analog switch (U2). The other end of the high-value resistor R1 is connected to the detection input pin (ADC_IN) of the signal encoding module. The normally open terminal (NO) of analog switch U2 is connected to the first conductive bar 909 via a wire, while the second conductive bar 910 is connected to ground (GND) via another wire. The selection control terminal (SEL) of analog switch U2 is directly connected to the first conductive strip 909. This design constitutes a self-feedback detection logic: when the first conductive strip 909 and the second conductive strip 910 are connected due to water seepage, the potential of 909 is pulled down to near ground potential. This low-level signal will automatically turn off analog switch U2, thereby cutting off the direct electrical connection of the second detection circuit and preventing electrolytic corrosion of water. At this time, water seepage detection is indirectly achieved by measuring the voltage change across R1. The collection management chip U1 monitors the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C1. When the voltage reaches the preset start-up threshold (e.g., 2.8V), the VOUT pin of U1 outputs a stable voltage to power the subsequent microprocessor and wireless transmission module. After the microprocessor (MCU) is powered on, it immediately samples its ADC_IN pin to measure the voltage across R1, or the voltage drop corresponding to the current flowing through R1. Judgment Logic A (Dry State): If the sampling voltage is lower than a low threshold V_Low (e.g., 0.3Vcc), it indicates that the second detection circuit is open, indicating no water. The current only flows through the high-value resistor R1, resulting in a large voltage drop. The MCU determines that the deformation is purely excessive and controls the wireless transmission module to send the code "01". Judgment Logic B (Water Leakage Status): If the sampled voltage is higher than a high threshold V_High (e.g., 0.7Vcc), it indicates that the second detection circuit is conducting due to water, and the parallel resistance is much smaller than R1, resulting in a significant reduction in the voltage drop across R1. The MCU determines that water leakage has occurred and controls the wireless transmission module to send the code "10". After the signal is transmitted, the MCU controls the energy harvesting management chip U1 to enter the shutdown mode, waiting for the next piezoelectric trigger; Triggering phase: Abnormal deformation of the expansion joint causes the impact rod 907 to strike the piezoelectric component, generating a high-voltage pulse; Energy storage stage: After rectification, the pulse charges the energy storage capacitor C1, and the capacitor voltage rises slowly; Circuit self-test stage: During the charging process, the potential state on the first conductive strip 909 has been locked by the SEL terminal of the analog switch U2. If there is water, U2 will be turned off, physically isolating the water medium from the high voltage circuit. Wake-up and sampling phase: When the C1 voltage reaches the U1 start-up threshold, the system is powered on, and the MCU's ADC module performs high-speed sampling of the preset detection points to obtain the loop status information; Logic judgment and transmission stage: The MCU judges the ADC sampling value and combines it with a preset threshold to generate a corresponding 2-bit binary code, and drives the wireless transmission chip through the SPI interface to transmit the data packet containing this code and a unique device ID. Sleep phase: After transmission is complete, all active circuits are shut down, and the system returns to a near-zero power standby state.
[0032] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering, comprising two side plates (1), a wireless signal transmitter (11) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the left side plate (1), an upper sealing plate (2) is provided in the middle of the upper side of the side plate (1), sealing strips (4) are fixedly connected to the lower surfaces of the left and right sides of the side plate (1), threaded holes (3) are opened on the left and right sides of the side plate (1) through the top and bottom, an elastic plate (5) is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower surface of the upper sealing plate (2), a slot is opened in the middle of the side plate (1), a locking block (6) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the elastic plate (5), and the locking block (6) is locked inside the slot; Each of the two side plates (1) has a fixed cylinder (7) fixedly connected to its adjacent side, and a first spring (8) is provided between the two fixed cylinders (7). The feature is that: A waterproofing mechanism (9) is also provided between the two side plates (1); Furthermore, the upper sealing plate (2) is equipped with a moisture detection mechanism (10).
2. The waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the upper surfaces of the left and right sides of the side plate (1) is the same as the height of the middle part of the upper surface of the upper sealing plate (2). The lower surfaces of the left and right sides of the upper sealing plate (2) are in contact with the upper surface of the side plate (1), and the lower ends of the two side plates (1) that are close to each other are provided with platforms extending towards the middle of the two.
3. The waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waterproofing mechanism (9) includes a first bracket (901), the left end of which is fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the left side plate (1), a first piezoelectric component (902) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the first bracket (901), a first magnet (903) is fixedly connected to the right side of the inner wall of the first bracket (901), a second bracket (904) is fixedly connected to the left side of the outer wall of the right side plate (1), a second spring (905) is fixedly connected to the right side of the inner wall of the second bracket (904), and the left end of the second spring (905) extends to the outer side of the left side of the second bracket (904). A second magnet (906) is fixedly connected to the left end of the spring (905). The left side of the second magnet (906) contacts the outer wall of the first magnet (903). An impact rod (907) is fixedly connected to the middle of the second magnet (906). The left end of the impact rod (907) extends through the first magnet (903) to contact the first piezoelectric component (902). A second piezoelectric component (908) is provided on the right side inside the second spring (905). The right end of the second piezoelectric component (908) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the right side plate (1). The right end of the impact rod (907) is located on the left side of the second piezoelectric component (908).
4. The waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first magnet (903) and the second magnet (906) are attracted to each other on the side closest to each other, and the second spring (905) is in a stretched energy storage state when the first magnet (903) and the second magnet (906) are in contact with each other.
5. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the lower platform of the side plate (1) is provided with a first conductive strip (909) and a second conductive strip (910). The first conductive strip (909) and the second conductive strip (910) are both made of conductive material, and the first conductive strip (909) and the second conductive strip (910) are connected to the side plate (1) through an insulating coating.
6. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first piezoelectric component (902) and the second piezoelectric component (908) are both electrically connected to the first conductive strip (909), and the second conductive strip (910) is electrically connected to the wireless signal transmitting device (11).
7. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper sealing plate (2) has an installation hole. The moisture detection mechanism (10) is located inside the installation hole on the upper sealing plate (2). The moisture detection mechanism (10) includes a sealing sleeve (101) and a replaceable moisture reaction component (102). The outer wall of the sealing sleeve (101) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation hole. The replaceable moisture reaction component (102) includes a conductive metal substrate, with its lower side and upper side being a first main surface and a second main surface, which are opposite to each other. A humidity-responsive power generation layer is bonded to the first main surface. The humidity-responsive power generation layer includes a hygroscopic electrolyte material and an active metal material, which are used to form a galvanic cell with the conductive metal substrate in a humid environment and generate an electromotive force. An electrochromic display layer is bonded to the second main surface via a conductive layer; The current generated by the humidity-responsive power generation layer is conducted to the electrochromic display layer via the conductive metal substrate, driving it to change color.
8. The waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The conductive metal substrate is one of galvanized steel plate, pure zinc plate, pure magnesium plate or aluminum alloy plate.
9. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electrochromic display layer contains at least one of Prussian blue, tungsten oxide, or viologen compounds; The active metal material in the humidity-responsive power generation layer is zinc powder or magnesium powder, and the hygroscopic electrolyte material is at least one of lithium chloride, calcium chloride, or water-absorbing resin.
10. A waterproof structure for construction expansion joints in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output terminals of the first piezoelectric component (902) and the second piezoelectric component (908) are electrically connected to the wireless signal transmitter (11), and at least two parallel signal transmission loops are provided between the piezoelectric component and the wireless signal transmitter (11). Among them, one signal transmission circuit is a deformation detection circuit that remains disconnected or in a high-resistance state in a dry state, and its equivalent resistance value is higher than the equivalent resistance value of the other circuit in a low-resistance state when it is connected due to water seepage. The other signal transmission circuit is a low-resistance water seepage detection circuit formed between the first conductive strip (909) and the second conductive strip (910) when it is connected due to water seepage. The wireless signal transmitting device (11) is configured to generate and transmit different wireless signals according to the conduction state or equivalent resistance difference of the parallel circuit, so as to distinguish between abnormal deformation of expansion joint and water seepage state.