Subway shaft construction method based on slag leakage method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metro shaft construction, in particular to a metro shaft construction method based on a slag leakage method, which comprises the following specific steps: S1, construction preparation: performing construction organization design according to engineering conditions, surrounding environment and construction site conditions of an urban metro affiliated shaft, determining a deslagging path between the vertical shaft and the adjacent underground excavation channel; s2, presetting a slag leakage hole: presetting the position, the size and the reinforcement measure of the slag leakage hole in a vertical shaft structure design stage, so that the slag leakage hole is reliably communicated with the adjacent underground excavation channel; and S3, excavating and supporting the vertical shaft: excavating the vertical shaft in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced and time-limited manner, and synchronously implementing supporting. According to the method, the slag leakage holes are formed between the vertical shaft and the adjacent underground excavation channel in advance, the underground excavation channel is used for horizontally transferring the slag, a traditional vertical lifting slag discharging mode is replaced, a continuous construction mode combining vertical excavation and horizontal slag discharging is formed, and the slag discharging efficiency and construction continuity are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of subway shaft construction technology, and in particular to a subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization in my country, the scale of urban rail transit construction is constantly expanding, and the construction of subway stations and ancillary structures is facing increasingly severe challenges. Traditional shaft and deep foundation pit construction often uses the vertical lifting method for earthwork transportation, which has problems such as low construction efficiency, high safety risks, large site occupation, serious noise and dust pollution, and significant impact on surrounding traffic and the environment. Especially in urban core areas and areas with narrow sites and high environmental protection requirements, such as along main traffic arteries, the limitations of traditional construction methods are even more prominent.

[0003] Taking the auxiliary structure project of the third civil engineering section of the western extension of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 4 as an example, Huahuiyuan Station is located within Huahuiyuan Park, and Daqingcun Station is located on both sides of the main road of Hongshi Road. The construction site is severely limited, and the surrounding area is densely populated with ancient trees or buildings in the park, which places extremely high demands on construction safety, efficiency, environmental protection, and schedule control. The traditional vertical lifting method is difficult to meet the special needs of such projects, and a new construction method is urgently needed to systematically solve the technical and management problems in the construction of deep vertical shafts and foundation pits of urban subway auxiliary structures.

[0004] Therefore, based on the aforementioned technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method, so as to solve the problems of difficult decolorization, unstable color and poor aroma of products in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag-leaking method: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: During the vertical shaft structure design stage, the location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set to ensure reliable communication between the slag leakage hole and the adjacent underground tunnel. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced, and time-limited manner, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: Establish a communication system between the shaft and underground during the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels, and equip them with devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring to conduct real-time safety control throughout the entire construction process. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

[0007] Preferably, in S2, the slag leakage hole is located at the bottom of the vertical shaft or on the side of the shaft wall near the underground excavation channel, and is connected to the construction channel or the horizontal channel.

[0008] Preferably, the rigid cover plate in S4 is a welded steel grid cover plate.

[0009] Preferably, the welded steel grating cover is made of steel bars with a diameter of 22 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the shaft excavation in S3 adopts a non-blasting excavation process, which includes at least one of water-jet drilling and hydraulic splitting excavation.

[0011] Preferably, in S5, the small loading and transport equipment configured in the tunnel includes one or more of a mini excavator, a loader, and a dump truck.

[0012] Preferably, the structural deformation monitoring in S6 includes automated monitoring of the deformation of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, foundation pits, and the stress on the support structure.

[0013] Preferably, in step S7, a safe working area is designated and isolation facilities are installed within the underground excavation channel, and the slag leakage hole cover is closed during non-slag discharge periods to prevent personnel or materials from falling in and personnel from accidentally entering the slag discharge channel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides an efficient and safe construction method for urban subway auxiliary shafts based on the slag leakage method. By pre-setting slag leakage holes between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel, and using the underground tunnel for horizontal transfer of slag, the traditional vertical lifting slag removal method is replaced, thereby forming a continuous construction mode that combines vertical excavation and horizontal slag removal. Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: First, it reduces the vertical hoisting process, improves slag removal efficiency and construction continuity, increasing slag removal efficiency by approximately 2.5 times and reducing the overall construction period by more than 30%. Second, through measures such as rigid covers for slag leakage holes, protective isolation, and joint monitoring between the well and the surface, it effectively reduces safety risks such as slag falling, mechanical injuries, and personnel accidental entry, improving the safety and controllability of the entire construction process. Third, it makes full use of underground space for slag transfer, reducing the occupation of ground space, and is particularly suitable for construction in urban centers, along main traffic arteries, and in environmentally sensitive areas. Fourth, it reduces construction noise, dust, vibration, and the environmental impact of operating large hoisting equipment, demonstrating good green and environmentally friendly effects. Fifth, it can reduce the rental and maintenance costs of large lifting equipment, lower the overall construction cost, and facilitate the formation of a standardized, modular, and replicable construction technology system. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] Example 1: A method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag leakage method, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: During the vertical shaft structure design stage, the location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set to ensure reliable communication between the slag leakage hole and the adjacent underground tunnel. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced, and time-limited manner, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: Establish a communication system between the shaft and underground during the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels, and equip them with devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring to conduct real-time safety control throughout the entire construction process. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

[0017] Example 2: A method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag leakage method, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: The location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set during the vertical shaft structure design stage. The slag leakage hole is set on the side of the shaft wall close to the construction passage and is connected to the construction passage. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced, and time-limited manner, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: Establish a communication system between the shaft and underground during the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels, and equip them with devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring to conduct real-time safety control throughout the entire construction process. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

[0018] Example 3: A method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag leakage method, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: During the vertical shaft structure design stage, the location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set to ensure reliable communication between the slag leakage hole and the adjacent underground tunnel. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in accordance with the principles of layering, step-by-step, symmetry, balance and time limit, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. The shaft excavation adopts non-blasting excavation technology, specifically using the method of perimeter core drilling to cut the surrounding rock + central drilling to split the rock into blocks. The diameter of the perimeter boreholes is 150-180mm and the drilling depth is 50-80cm to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding buildings and environment. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: Establish a communication system between the shaft and underground during the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels, and equip them with devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring to conduct real-time safety control throughout the entire construction process. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

[0019] Example 4: A method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag leakage method, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: During the vertical shaft structure design stage, the location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set to ensure reliable communication between the slag leakage hole and the adjacent underground tunnel. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced, and time-limited manner, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: During the construction of vertical shafts and underground tunnels, a communication system between the surface and the underground shall be established, and devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring and structural deformation monitoring shall be configured. The structural deformation monitoring includes automated monitoring of the horizontal and vertical displacement of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, top of retaining walls, deep horizontal displacement, groundwater level and stress on the support structure, and information feedback shall be provided in conjunction with on-site inspections. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

[0020] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not have a slag leakage hole in the shaft construction, nor does it utilize the adjacent underground tunnel for horizontal transfer. Instead, it uses traditional hoisting equipment to vertically lift the slag in the shaft to the ground, and then transports it off the ground. All other steps are the same.

[0021] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example is identical in all steps except that a communication system between the surface and the well was not established, a toxic and harmful gas detection device was not configured, and a video security monitoring device was not installed.

[0022] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example is identical in all steps except that continuous horizontal transfer and transportation equipment is not configured in the underground tunnel, and the slag falling from the leakage hole is handled only by intermittent slag removal.

[0023] Comparative Example 4: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example is identical in all steps except that automated monitoring of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, foundation pit deformation and support structure stress was not implemented, and only manual inspection was used.

[0024] Performance testing: To verify the technical effectiveness of the subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method described in this invention in terms of construction efficiency, construction continuity, safety control, environmental impact control, and surrounding deformation control, comparative tests were conducted on Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 under the same or similar engineering geological conditions, excavation cross-section conditions, support parameters, and construction organization conditions. During the tests, statistical analysis was performed on slag removal efficiency, single-cycle construction time, daytime noise at the site boundary, maximum monitored deformation, and abnormal closed-loop response time, taking into account factors such as shaft depth, slag leakage hole layout, non-explosive excavation method, continuous horizontal transfer capacity, communication between the shaft and the surface, gas detection and video monitoring configuration, and automated monitoring configuration.

[0025] The slag removal efficiency was calculated by converting the average slag removal volume over three consecutive complete construction cycles. The test procedure was as follows: Under the same or similar geological conditions, support parameters, excavation cross-section, and construction organization conditions, an example group using horizontal slag removal via the slag leakage method and a control group using traditional vertical lifting slag removal were selected for testing. A single complete construction cycle was used as the statistical unit, with the start of the complete construction cycle defined as the beginning of excavation in that layer and the end of the cycle defined as the completion of all slag removal and initial support. During the test, the total slag removal volume, net slag removal operation time, and complete cycle construction time for each cycle were recorded. The total slag removal volume was calculated based on the effective loading volume of the transport vehicle, the bucket capacity of the loading equipment, or the effective volume of the vertical lifting container. The slag removal efficiency was calculated as the ratio of the total slag removal volume to the net slag removal operation time, in m³ / h. Each group was tested repeatedly for no less than three complete cycles, and the average value was taken as the slag removal efficiency test result for that group. The calculation formula is: in: η: Slag discharge efficiency (m³ / h); V: Total slag output in this cycle (m³); T: Net slag removal time for this cycle (h).

[0026] The single-cycle construction time is the total time required from the start of excavation of this layer to the completion of the removal of excavated soil and the completion of the initial support. Daytime noise at the construction site boundary was measured using a standard sound level meter outside the construction site boundary. The testing procedure was as follows: During daytime construction, a Class 1 or Class 2 integral averaging sound level meter conforming to GB / T 3785.1 was used, with A-frequency weighting and F (fast) time weighting modes set up. Measurement points were set up at locations that could reflect the significant impact of construction noise on noise-sensitive buildings. Generally, the measurement points were set up at a location 1.0 m outside the construction site boundary and at least 1.2 m above the ground, close to the noise-sensitive buildings. When there were barriers at the site boundary, the measurement points were set up at a location 1.0 m outside the site boundary and at least 0.5 m above the barriers. When the actual emission of the sound source could not be measured at the site boundary, the measurement points were set up at a location 1.0 m outside the noise-sensitive building and at least 1.2 m above the ground. When outdoor conditions did not meet the requirements, measurements were taken at the center of the noise-sensitive building, at least 0.5 m from any reflecting surface and at least 1.2 m above the ground, with the windows open in the direction of the noise impact. Measurements should be conducted under weather conditions of no rain, snow, or thunderstorms, and wind speeds below 5 m / s. Acoustic calibration should be performed on-site before measurement, and post-measurement verification should be conducted after measurement. The deviation between the pre-measurement calibration value and the post-measurement verification value should not exceed 0.5 dB. The equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level (Leq) measured continuously for 20 minutes during the actual operation of the construction noise source is taken as the daytime noise test result at the site boundary. The daytime equivalent sound level limit for the site boundary noise is: 70dB(A) That is: Leq≤70 dB(A): can be evaluated as meeting the standard; Leq>70 dB(A): Further judgment is needed in conjunction with background noise correction rules, or it can be directly determined that the standard is exceeded; The maximum monitored deformation is taken as the peak value of the displacement monitoring items of the retaining structure, surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, and foundation pit. The testing method is as follows: under the same or similar engineering geological conditions, excavation cross-section conditions, support parameters, and construction organization conditions, monitoring points are set up at the top of the shaft retaining structure, surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, and deep displacement-sensitive locations before construction begins. Benchmark points and working benchmark points are also set up in stable areas. Initial values ​​of each monitoring point are obtained before construction. During construction, continuous or phased monitoring is carried out according to the layered excavation and support conditions to obtain the cumulative deformation values ​​of the monitoring items such as the horizontal displacement of the top of the retaining structure, the vertical displacement of the top of the retaining structure, the deep horizontal displacement, the settlement of surrounding buildings, and the settlement of underground pipelines. The cumulative deformation peak values ​​of each monitoring item within the specified testing period are statistically analyzed, and the largest absolute value of the cumulative deformation of all monitoring items is taken as the maximum monitored deformation of the scheme, in mm. The horizontal displacement at the top is measured by observing the coordinates of the monitoring points using the total station polar coordinate method, intersection method, or free station method, and the cumulative value of the horizontal displacement is obtained by comparing it with the initial value.

[0027] The cumulative horizontal displacement can be calculated using the following formula:

[0028] Where: x0, y0 are the initial coordinates; x t y t Let be the coordinates of the t-th observation; Δh represents the cumulative horizontal displacement.

[0029] The vertical displacement at the top is measured using an electronic level or a precision level, and the settlement or vertical displacement is obtained by comparing it with the initial elevation.

[0030] The deep horizontal displacement is measured in segments at various depths within the inclinometer hole using an inclinometer. The hole displacement curve is obtained through integration or software processing, and the cumulative displacement value at the top of the hole or the critical depth is taken.

[0031] Deformation of surrounding buildings and underground pipelines is typically monitored primarily through settlement, supplemented by tilt or crack observation when necessary. Settlement of buildings and pipelines is also expressed as a change in elevation relative to the initial elevation.

[0032] The abnormal closed-loop response time is the average time from the triggering of the abnormal event to its discovery, alarm, and completion of the shutdown process.

[0033] Table 1. Summary of experimental data from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 Data Analysis: As can be seen from Table 1, the overall performance of Examples 1 to 4 is superior to that of Comparative Example 1. Specifically, the slag removal efficiency of Example 1 is 45.0 m³ / h, while that of Comparative Example 1 is 18.0 m³ / h, with the former being approximately 2.5 times the latter. The single-cycle construction time of Example 1 is 6.1 h / cycle, while that of Comparative Example 1 is 9.8 h / cycle. This demonstrates that the present invention, by setting a slag leakage hole between the vertical shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel, and utilizing loading and transport equipment within the underground tunnel to achieve continuous horizontal transfer, can significantly improve slag removal efficiency and shorten cycle construction time.

[0034] Compared with Example 1, Example 2 shows little difference in slag removal efficiency and single-cycle construction time, indicating that setting the slag leakage hole on the side of the well wall close to the construction channel can also achieve a good slag removal effect and has good engineering adaptability.

[0035] In Example 3, under non-explosive excavation conditions, the daytime noise at the site boundary was 63 dB(A), lower than that in Examples 1 and 2. At the same time, the maximum monitored deformation was 8.9 mm, which was significantly better than that in Comparative Example 1. This indicates that non-explosive excavation techniques such as water-jet drilling and hydraulic splitting excavation can effectively reduce construction disturbance and minimize adverse effects on the surrounding environment and support structure.

[0036] In Example 4, with the configuration of an automated monitoring system, the maximum monitored deformation was 8.2 mm and the abnormal closed-loop response time was 2.0 min, both of which were better than other schemes. This shows that by implementing automated monitoring of the displacement of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, retaining structures and the stress of support structures, and combining it with on-site inspections for information feedback, the early warning capability and safety control level of the construction process can be significantly improved.

[0037] Although Comparative Example 2 is similar to Example 1 in terms of slag removal efficiency and single-cycle construction time, its abnormal closed-loop response time increases to 14.0 min, indicating that when the well-to-surface communication system, toxic and harmful gas detection device and video safety monitoring device are missing, the efficiency of risk identification and emergency response during construction will be significantly reduced.

[0038] Although Comparative Example 3 retains the slag leakage hole, since no continuous horizontal transfer and transportation equipment is configured in the underground tunnel, the slag falling from the slag leakage hole is only handled by intermittent slag cleaning. Therefore, its slag discharge efficiency is only 26.0 m³ / h, which is much lower than that of Examples 1 to 4. This shows that the slag leakage hole and the continuous horizontal transfer system should be set up in a coordinated manner in order to give full play to the technical advantages of continuous construction of the present invention.

[0039] In Comparative Example 4, after the automatic monitoring was removed, the maximum monitored deformation increased to 15.7 mm, and the abnormal closed-loop response time increased to 9.5 min. This indicates that it is difficult to detect and respond to displacement anomalies in a timely manner by relying solely on manual inspection. Automated monitoring plays an important role in improving construction safety and deformation control.

[0040] In summary, this invention, by pre-setting a slag leakage hole between the vertical shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel, and combining it with a continuous horizontal transfer system, vertical and horizontal communication, toxic and harmful gas detection, video monitoring, and automated deformation monitoring, can not only significantly improve slag removal efficiency and shorten the construction cycle, but also reduce construction noise, minimize disturbance to the surrounding environment, and enhance the safety and controllability of the entire construction process. It is suitable for the construction of subway auxiliary vertical shafts in urban centers, along main traffic arteries, and in environmentally sensitive areas.

[0041] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the purpose of proof.

[0042] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing subway shafts based on the slag leakage method, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: S1. Construction preparation: Based on the engineering conditions of the urban subway auxiliary shaft, the surrounding environment and the construction site conditions, a construction organization design is carried out, and the muck removal path between the shaft and the adjacent underground tunnel is determined. S2. Pre-set slag leakage hole: During the vertical shaft structure design stage, the location, size and reinforcement measures of the slag leakage hole are pre-set to ensure reliable communication between the slag leakage hole and the adjacent underground tunnel. S3. Shaft Excavation and Support: The shaft shall be excavated in a layered, step-by-step, symmetrical, balanced, and time-limited manner, and support shall be implemented simultaneously. S4. Protection of slag leakage holes: A rigid cover plate is installed at the opening of the slag leakage hole for quick opening and closing, and it remains closed during non-slag discharge periods. S5. Slag removal: The slag produced during the vertical shaft excavation is lowered into the adjacent underground tunnel through the slag removal hole, and the slag is horizontally transferred to the centralized off-site transportation location using the loading and transportation equipment in the underground tunnel. S6. Safety Control: Establish a communication system between the shaft and underground during the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels, and equip them with devices for detecting toxic and harmful gases, video safety monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring to conduct real-time safety control throughout the entire construction process. S7. Environmental protection: Ensure ventilation, lighting and drainage for the tunnel, and set up safety warnings and isolation measures in the slag leakage area and transportation area; S8. Continuous construction: Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the construction of the shaft and its ancillary structures is completed.

2. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the slag leakage hole is located at the bottom of the vertical shaft or on the side of the shaft wall near the underground excavation channel, and is connected to the construction channel or the horizontal channel.

3. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid cover plate in S4 is a welded steel grid cover plate.

4. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The welded steel grating cover is made of steel bars with a diameter of 22 mm.

5. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical shaft excavation in S3 adopts a non-blasting excavation process, which includes at least one of water-jet drilling and hydraulic splitting excavation.

6. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the small loading and transport equipment configured in the tunnel includes one or more of mini excavators, loaders, and dump trucks.

7. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural deformation monitoring in S6 includes automated monitoring of the deformation of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, foundation pits, and the stress on the support structure.

8. The subway shaft construction method based on the slag leakage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, a safe working area is designated and isolation facilities are set up within the underground tunnel, and the slag hole cover is closed during non-slag discharge periods to prevent personnel or materials from falling and personnel from accidentally entering the slag discharge tunnel.

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