Multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device and a control method. The device comprises a host module, wherein a rainfall module, a freeze thawing module, a hydraulic servo module and a measurement and control module are mounted in the host module; the host module is used for containing a soil body sample and supporting dislocation movement of the soil body sample; the rainfall module is used for simulating a controllable rainfall environment above the soil body sample; the freezing and thawing module is used for performing temperature cycle simulation on the soil body sample; the hydraulic servo module is used for providing controllable power for the dislocation movement of the soil body sample; the measurement and control module is used for coordinating and controlling the host module, the rainfall module, the freezing and thawing module and the hydraulic servo module and collecting test data in real time. The device and the method are suitable for physical simulation of the fracture process and the failure mechanism of the soil body under the coupling action of an earthquake fracture zone, rainfall and freezing and thawing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil displacement simulation testing technology, and in particular to a multifunctional soil displacement simulation testing device and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the large-scale construction of major infrastructure projects such as high-speed railways, high-fill roadbeds, and deep foundation pits in my country, the need to understand the deformation mechanisms of soil and the evolution of disasters under complex environments has become increasingly urgent. Traditional physical model tests mostly use static or unidirectional loading methods, which are difficult to realistically reproduce the nonlinear slip behavior of soil under seismic loads, and even more difficult to simultaneously simulate the coupled effects of multiple factors such as rainfall infiltration and freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in significant deviations between test results and engineering realities.

[0003] Existing fault-fitting model boxes still fall short in terms of functional expansion and intelligent control. On the one hand, most devices only possess single-direction fault-fitting capabilities, lacking multi-angle, multi-degree-of-freedom collaborative loading functions, making it difficult to simulate complex seismic wave propagation paths and asymmetric soil deformation characteristics. On the other hand, environmental simulation systems (such as rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles) are relatively independent of the fault-fitting loading system, lacking a collaborative control mechanism, making it difficult to achieve synchronous coupling tests of "load-environment-response". In addition, traditional tests rely on manually deploying sensors and offline data collection, resulting in problems such as sparse sensor deployment, delayed response, and fragmented data, failing to achieve high-density, real-time, and visualized monitoring throughout the entire test process, severely restricting in-depth analysis of soil micro-evolution mechanisms and macro-catastrophic laws.

[0004] Currently, some studies have attempted to introduce non-contact measurement technologies such as fiber optic sensing and digital image correlation (DIC). However, due to the limited internal space of the model box and severe boundary reflection interference, the monitoring accuracy and stability still cannot meet the requirements of refined experiments. Furthermore, the experimental data are mostly static snapshots or single physical quantities, lacking the ability to simultaneously capture and fuse coupled information from multiple fields such as soil displacement, seepage, and temperature, making it difficult to support high-fidelity model reconstruction and intelligent inversion. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new generation of fault-prone model box system with multi-angle collaborative loading, multi-field environmental coupling, full-cycle intelligent sensing, and data fusion analysis capabilities to promote the development of geotechnical engineering physical model testing towards higher realism, higher resolution, and higher intelligence. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device and control method, which can simultaneously realize high-fidelity reproduction and full-process intelligent perception of complex working conditions such as earthquake displacement, rainfall infiltration, and freeze-thaw cycles. This will promote the paradigm leap of geotechnical engineering physical model testing from single loading to multi-hazard coupling, and from static observation to full-domain dynamic perception, providing key experimental support for the analysis of disaster mechanisms and resilience assessment of major infrastructure.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:

[0007] A multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes a main unit module, which is equipped with a rainfall module, a freeze-thaw module, a hydraulic servo module, and a measurement and control module.

[0008] The host module is used to hold soil samples and support the displacement of the soil samples.

[0009] The rainfall module is used to simulate a controlled rainfall environment above the soil sample.

[0010] The freeze-thaw module is used to simulate temperature cycles in the soil sample.

[0011] The hydraulic servo module is used to provide controllable power for the displacement movement of the soil sample.

[0012] The measurement and control module is used to coordinate and control the host module, the rainfall module, the freeze-thaw module and the hydraulic servo module, and to collect test data in real time.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main unit module of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes:

[0014] The fixed box is fixedly installed on the vibration table or foundation to hold the first side soil.

[0015] The movable box, which is connected to the fixed box along a set misalignment surface, contains a second soil sample and is used to generate displacement relative to the fixed box under drive, simulating soil misalignment.

[0016] The horizontal sliding mechanism includes a fixed platform, a sliding platform, a horizontal guide rail, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, which drives the movable box to move linearly in the horizontal direction.

[0017] The oblique sliding mechanism includes an oblique guide rail, a guide rod frame, a guide rod, and an upward hydraulic cylinder, which drives the movable box to move linearly along the oblique direction.

[0018] The bottom sliding plate includes a fixed sliding plate and a movable sliding plate, which are detachably installed on the bottom surfaces of the fixed box and the movable box, respectively, and the fixed sliding plate and the movable sliding plate are kept in close contact.

[0019] A sliding baffle is installed on the side wall of the movable box, covering the gap between the side walls of the fixed box and the movable box, and slides horizontally with the movable box to achieve dynamic sealing of the side.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, in the horizontal displacement mechanism, the sliding table and the fixed table are slidably engaged by a horizontal guide rail, the base of the movable box is mounted on the sliding table, and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the sliding table to move linearly on the horizontal guide rail.

[0021] In the oblique sliding mechanism, the base of the guide rod frame is mounted on the sliding table, the oblique guide rail is detachably mounted on the side of the movable box, the guide rod frame has a guide rod hole, the guide rod passes through the guide groove of the oblique guide rail and is connected to the guide rod frame through the guide rod hole, the upward hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the base of the guide rod frame through a hydraulic cylinder seat, and the output end is fixedly connected to the movable box, driving the movable box to move obliquely along the guide of the oblique guide rail.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rainfall module in the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes a water tank, a water pump and a rainfall pipe.

[0023] The outlet of the water pump is connected to a filter, a pulse damper, a pressure gauge, a safety valve, and a ball valve, and is connected to the rain pipe via a connecting water pipe.

[0024] The rain pipes are installed on the top cover of the main unit module.

[0025] The rain tube is vertically guided to the surface of the soil sample.

[0026] Its technical advantage lies in ensuring that the simulated rainfall is stable and adjustable.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the freeze-thaw module of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes a cold air blower, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, and a sensor.

[0028] The air cooler is connected to the inner cavity of the main unit module through the air outlet pipe, and performs freeze-thaw cycle temperature regulation on the soil sample and the environment inside the main unit module within the range of -20℃ to 40℃.

[0029] The sensors include a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, which are installed above the surface of the soil sample inside the main unit module.

[0030] The freeze-thaw cycle of the air cooler is executed by setting a temperature program on the air cooler body, or by communicating with the measurement and control module and issuing temperature, cycle number and time sequence control commands through the measurement and control module.

[0031] Its technical effect is to maintain a relatively stable internal temperature and ensure a stable working environment.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic module of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes a hydraulic station, a servo valve group, a two-way shut-off valve, a filter, a heat exchanger, a level gauge, a pressure sensor, and pipelines.

[0033] The hydraulic station includes a motor, an oil pump, and an oil tank.

[0034] The servo valve group includes at least two servo valves, each controlling the movement of a hydraulic cylinder.

[0035] The hydraulic station is installed outside the main unit module and is connected to each cylinder through the pipeline.

[0036] The bidirectional shut-off valve is used for the isolation and locking of a single cylinder.

[0037] The filter, the heat exchanger, the level gauge, and the pressure sensor are connected to the pipeline to ensure the cleanliness and temperature rise control of the oil during oil return and supply.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the measurement and control module of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit.

[0039] The data acquisition unit is connected to sensor signals that monitor fault dynamics, displacement, temperature, and humidity.

[0040] The data processing unit is connected to each module via signals and is used to set test parameters, send control commands to each module, and perform automatic operation and regulation by acquiring sensor data in real time through the data acquisition unit.

[0041] A control method for a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, comprising:

[0042] S100, select the offset angle according to the test target, replace the corresponding fixed offset plate and movable offset plate, and install the oblique offset mechanism on the preset angle hole on the side wall of the movable box.

[0043] S200, waterproof geotextile is laid inside the movable box and the fixed box, soil samples are filled and compacted, and sensors are installed in the inner cavity of the box.

[0044] S300: Set and input test parameters in the measurement and control module, and start the automatic test program. The test parameters include at least one of the following: slip distance, slip speed, rainfall, freeze-thaw temperature, and number of cycles.

[0045] S400, in accordance with the preset program, executes a combination of working conditions, and the measurement and control module collects and stores fault force, fault displacement, temperature, humidity, pore water pressure and image data in real time. The combination of working conditions includes rainfall-freeze-thaw faulting and faulting-rain-freeze-thaw.

[0046] S500, when the misoperation is completed or the termination condition is met, the measurement and control module controls the hydraulic servo module to depressurize, and the interface prompts to use the mounting connecting plate, fixing frame and screw to reinforce the movable box in three directions.

[0047] After completing the three-dimensional reinforcement, the S600 multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device is transferred to a shaking table or foundation to conduct a seismic dynamic loading test, so as to realize the full-process simulation of static-dynamic-environment coupling.

[0048] The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device is the same as the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device described above.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, in S300, the measurement and control module is equipped with a manual intervention mode, which allows the operator to adjust the displacement speed, rainfall and freeze-thaw temperature at any time through the human-machine interface during the test operation. The measurement and control module records and marks the intervention time and saves all the collected data 30 seconds before and after the intervention time.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, in S400, the measurement and control module is set to trigger a test pause when the following conditions are met, indicating that the observation window for the rupture zone has been entered:

[0051] The displacement reaches a set value of ±1mm; or...

[0052] The decrease in the fault force compared to the peak value or the previous steady-state value is ≥20%.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, in S400, after pausing the test and prompting the user to enter the observation window period of the fracture zone, the user records the expansion process of the soil fracture zone through the glass window or endoscopic camera device on the host module, and the measurement and control module simultaneously saves the video and sensor data.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0055] This invention provides a multifunctional soil fault simulation test device that offers a test pipeline capable of performing steady-state and dynamic loading as well as incorporating environmental factors such as rainfall, freeze-thaw cycles, and subsequent shaking table seismic loading. It supports the entire process of simulation and data archiving from static fault-environment coupling to dynamic seismic loading, while also balancing high-precision control, safety interlocking, and automated test procedures. This significantly improves the test efficiency and research quality in fields such as geological engineering, slope stability, and soil mechanics, and provides a more reliable experimental basis for evaluating soil failure mechanisms and engineering countermeasures under complex working conditions.

[0056] This invention organically integrates four functional modules—rainfall, freeze-thaw cycles, hydraulic servo displacement, and measurement and control—onto a single host platform, enabling repeatable, programmable, and closed-loop controllable simulation of soil displacement behavior under multi-field coupling conditions of humidity, hydraulics, heat, and force. Through closed-loop force and displacement control of servo valves and cylinders, precise adjustment of rainfall rate and accumulation by metering pumps and valves, and closed-loop temperature control of the air cooler and internal sensors, this multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device can accurately reproduce complex working conditions under set displacement angles, speeds, rainfall intensities, and freeze-thaw cycles. This significantly improves the quantification, comparability, and reproducibility of the test, facilitating parameter sensitivity analysis and mechanism research.

[0057] This invention presents a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device with a modular and sealed design. It includes interchangeable bottom displacement plates, sliding baffles, flexible sealing skirts, integrated sealing strips, and contact sensors, ensuring water vapor sealing and sensor data reliability during large displacements or temperature and humidity cycles. The quickly replaceable modular angle plates and preset angle hole positions significantly shorten sample preparation and configuration time, improving the versatility and efficiency of the test platform. The measurement and control module supports automatic programs, manual intervention, and event triggering. Combined with endoscopic or video recording and 30-second data saving before and after intervention, it facilitates the acquisition of synchronous images and multiphysics data at critical fracture moments, enhancing the ability to observe and analyze fracture zone mechanisms. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the main module of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a side view of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rainfall module structure of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the freeze-thaw module of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling fan structure of the freeze-thaw module of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device of the present invention.

[0065] In the diagram: 1-Moving box; 2-Fixed box; 3-Angled sliding mechanism; 31-Angled guide rail; 32-Guide rod frame; 33-Guide rod; 34-Upward cylinder; 35-Cylinder seat; 4-Horizontal sliding mechanism; 41-Fixed platform; 42-Sliding platform; 43-Horizontal guide rail; 5-Sliding baffle; 6-Bottom sliding plate; 71-Water tank; 72-Water pump; 73-Rain pipe; 75-Filter; 77-Pressure gauge; 78-Safety valve; 79-Ball valve; 81-Air cooler; 82-Air inlet pipe; 83-Air outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0067] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, which includes a main unit module. The main unit module houses a rainfall module, a freeze-thaw module, a hydraulic servo module, and a measurement and control module. The main unit module is used to hold a soil sample and support the displacement movement of the soil sample. The rainfall module is used to simulate a controllable rainfall environment above the soil sample. The freeze-thaw module is used to simulate temperature cycling of the soil sample. The hydraulic servo module is used to provide controllable power for the displacement movement of the soil sample. The measurement and control module is used to coordinate and control the main unit module, the rainfall module, the freeze-thaw module, and the hydraulic servo module, and to collect test data in real time.

[0068] The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device has an overall external size of 3015mm×3087mm×2174mm, an internal cavity of 2200mm×2000mm×1500mm, and a self-weight of 9.5t. It meets the vibration table compatibility requirements of lateral vibration frequency ≤2Hz, amplitude ≤100mm, and acceleration ≤1g.

[0069] The main unit module includes: a fixed box 2, fixedly installed on a vibration table or foundation to provide a stable installation base and hold the first side soil sample; a movable box 1, which is connected to the fixed box 2 along a set misalignment surface and holds the second side soil sample, used to generate displacement relative to the fixed box 2 under drive to simulate soil misalignment; a horizontal misalignment mechanism 4, including a fixed platform 41, a sliding platform 42, a horizontal guide rail 43 and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, driving the movable box 1 to move linearly in the horizontal direction; and an oblique misalignment mechanism 3, including an oblique guide rail. Rail 31, guide rod frame 32, guide rod 33, and upward hydraulic cylinder 34 drive the movable box 1 to move linearly in an oblique direction; bottom misalignment plate 6, including fixed misalignment plate and movable misalignment plate, is detachably installed on the bottom surface of fixed box 2 and movable box 1 respectively, and the fixed misalignment plate and the movable misalignment plate are kept in contact; sliding baffle 5 is installed on the side wall of movable box 1, covering the side wall gap between fixed box 2 and movable box 1, and slides horizontally with movable box 1 to achieve dynamic side sealing.

[0070] The technical specifications and parameters of the host module are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1: Main Unit Technical Specifications and Parameters

[0072] Host technology project parameter Main unit dimensions 3015 x 3087 x 2174 mm (Length x Width x Height, excluding transition base plate) Internal space of the host 2200 x 2000 x 1500 mm (Length x Width x Height) Host quality 9.5 tons Maximum thrust of a single hydraulic cylinder 19.6 tons rated pressure of hydraulic cylinder 16MPa Maximum upward displacement thrust 39.2 tons Maximum thrust of horizontal slip 19.6 tons Angle of displacement 50°、65°、80°、90° Maximum vertical misalignment distance 150mm Maximum horizontal slip distance 150mm Maximum permissible slip speed 10mm / s Working conditions Lateral vibration frequency ≤ 2Hz, amplitude ≤ 100mm, lateral acceleration ≤ 1g

[0073] The bottom misalignment plate 6 is provided with a stainless steel wear-resistant layer along the misalignment direction. During the misalignment process, the gap between the plates is ≤0.5mm, which prevents soil particle leakage and water loss, avoids local gradation variation and pseudo-slip surface caused by fine particle migration, prevents continuous drift of the permeability coefficient, and ensures the accuracy of pore pressure and liquefaction process prediction.

[0074] In the horizontal sliding mechanism 4, the sliding table 42 and the fixed table 41 are slidably engaged by the horizontal guide rail 43. The base of the movable box 1 is mounted on the sliding table 42. The horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the sliding table 42 to move linearly on the horizontal guide rail 43. In the oblique sliding mechanism 3, the base of the guide rod frame 32 is mounted on the sliding table 42. The oblique guide rail 31 is detachably mounted on the side of the movable box 1. The guide rod frame 32 has a guide rod hole. The guide rod 33 passes through the guide groove of the oblique guide rail 31 and is connected to the guide rod frame 32 through the guide rod hole. The upward hydraulic cylinder 34 is mounted on the base of the guide rod frame 32 through the hydraulic cylinder seat 35. The output end is fixedly connected to the movable box 1, driving the movable box 1 to move obliquely along the guide of the oblique guide rail 31.

[0075] The inclined guide rail 31 and the movable box 1 are connected by a perforated plate for quick release. By changing the hole positions of different angles and the corresponding bottom misalignment plate, the four misalignment angles of 50°, 65°, 80° and 90° can be switched within 30 minutes.

[0076] The rainfall module includes a water tank 71, a water pump 72, and a rainfall pipe 73. The outlet of the water pump 72 is connected to a filter 75, a pulse damper, a pressure gauge 77, a safety valve 78, and a ball valve 79, and is connected to the rainfall pipe 73 via a connecting water pipe. The rainfall pipe 73 is installed on the top cover of the main module and is vertically guided to the surface of the soil sample.

[0077] The system employs a plunger metering pump, an overflow valve, and an adjustable safety valve with a pressure of 0.7–2.5 MPa to achieve a steady-state output of 6 mm / h ± 3% of rainfall, with a rainfall uniformity of ≥ 90%.

[0078] By adjusting the pressure settings of the ball valve 79 and the safety valve 78, as well as the rotational speed of the water pump 72, the rainfall rate, rainfall intensity, and cumulative rainfall can be controlled and adjusted. The rainfall module is electrically connected to the monitoring and control module to receive control commands from the monitoring and control module and to transmit real-time flow or pressure signals back to the monitoring and control module, thereby achieving automated control and manual intervention.

[0079] Its technical advantage lies in ensuring that the simulated rainfall is stable and adjustable.

[0080] The freeze-thaw module includes a cooler 81, an air inlet pipe 82, an air outlet pipe 83, and sensors. The cooler 81 is connected to the inner cavity of the main unit module through the air outlet pipes 82 and 83, and performs freeze-thaw cycle temperature regulation on the soil sample and the environment inside the main unit module within the range of -20℃ to 40℃. The sensors include a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, which are installed above the surface of the soil sample in the inner cavity of the main unit module. The freeze-thaw cycle of the cooler 81 is executed by setting a temperature program on the body of the cooler 81, or by communicating with the measurement and control module, and executing the cycle by issuing temperature, cycle number, and time sequence control commands through the measurement and control module 10.

[0081] The freeze-thaw module forms a closed-loop air duct with the circulating air outlet on the side wall of the main unit module through the air cooler 81. The temperature change rate is ≥1℃ / min and the internal temperature difference of the unit is ≤2℃.

[0082] Its technical effect is to maintain a relatively stable internal temperature and ensure a stable working environment.

[0083] The hydraulic module includes a hydraulic power unit, a servo valve assembly, a two-way shut-off valve, a filter, a heat exchanger, a level gauge, a pressure sensor, and pipelines. The hydraulic power unit includes a motor, an oil pump, and an oil tank. The servo valve assembly includes at least two servo valves, each controlling the movement of a cylinder. The hydraulic power unit is installed externally to the main module and connected to each cylinder via the pipelines. The two-way shut-off valve is used for the isolation and locking of individual cylinders. The filter, heat exchanger, level gauge, and pressure sensor are connected to the pipelines to ensure oil cleanliness and temperature rise control during oil return and supply. The hydraulic module has a rated pressure of 16 MPa, a maximum thrust of 19.6 t for a single cylinder, a maximum upward thrust of 39.2 t, and a maximum slip velocity of 10 mm / s.

[0084] The measurement and control module sends out the servo valve opening degree, cylinder position target and force control target, and receives feedback from the pressure sensor to realize closed-loop control.

[0085] The measurement and control module includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to sensor signals that monitor fault force, displacement, temperature, and humidity. The data processing unit is connected to signals of each module and is used to set test parameters, send control commands to each module, and perform automatic operation and regulation by acquiring sensor data in real time through the data acquisition unit.

[0086] The data processing unit has a built-in fault-rainfall-freeze-thaw coupled test sequence editor, which can set multiple stages of fault, rainfall, freeze-thaw and their combinations at one time, and output fault shear force-displacement curves, pore water pressure-temperature curves and soil fracture zone images in real time.

[0087] Specifically, the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device uses a three-phase five-wire system, 380V, 50HZ, with a capacity of 30KW. The distribution panel is located on the back of the electrical control cabinet. The main switch is located on the front of the electrical control cabinet. By operating the various switches and buttons on the control panel, the main power supply and hydraulic station can be started and stopped.

[0088] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6The second embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, comprising: S100, selecting the displacement angle according to the test target, replacing the corresponding fixed displacement plate and movable displacement plate, and installing the inclined displacement mechanism 3 on the side wall of the movable box 1 at a preset angle hole; S200, laying waterproof geotextile in the movable box 1 and the fixed box 2, filling and compacting the soil sample, and arranging temperature, humidity, pore water pressure, displacement and force sensors in the inner cavity of the box; S300, setting and inputting test parameters in the measurement and control module, and starting the automatic test program, wherein the test parameters include at least one of displacement distance, displacement speed, rainfall, freeze-thaw temperature and number of cycles; S400, executing the combination according to the preset program. In the working condition, the measurement and control module collects and stores fault force, fault displacement, temperature, humidity, pore water pressure, and image data in real time. The combined working condition includes rain-freeze-thaw faulting and faulting-rain-freeze-thaw. In S500, when the faulting is completed or the termination condition is reached, the measurement and control module controls the hydraulic servo module to depressurize, and the interface prompts that the movable box 1 is reinforced in three directions using the mounting connecting plate, fixing frame, and M24×320 screw. In S600, after the three-dimensional reinforcement is completed, the multifunctional soil faulting simulation test device is transferred to the shaking table or foundation to conduct a seismic dynamic loading test to realize the full-process simulation of static-dynamic-environment coupling. The multifunctional soil faulting simulation test device is the multifunctional soil faulting simulation test device as described above.

[0089] In S300, the measurement and control module is equipped with a manual intervention mode, which allows operators to adjust the speed of movement, rainfall and freeze-thaw temperature at any time through the human-machine interface during the test operation. The measurement and control module records and marks the intervention time and saves all the collected data 30 seconds before and after the intervention time.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, in S400, the measurement and control module is set to trigger the test to pause when the following conditions are met, indicating that the observation window period of the rupture zone has been entered: the displacement reaches the set value ±1mm; or, the displacement force decreases by ≥20% from the peak value or the previous steady-state value.

[0091] In S400, after the test is paused and the user is prompted to enter the observation window for the fracture zone, the user records the expansion process of the soil fracture zone through the glass window or endoscopic camera device on the host module, and the measurement and control module simultaneously saves the video and sensor data.

[0092] The control method for the aforementioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following pre-test procedures: A waterproof geotextile is placed inside the displacement chamber, an appropriate amount of soil is added, and relevant testing equipment (such as earth pressure gauges) is arranged. The displacement chamber is then hoisted and installed onto the displacement platform. Depending on the test requirements, it is determined whether rainfall, freezing, or thawing operations are necessary before displacement. Before displacement, it is essential to check whether the movable box and translation base are secured by the fixing frame, connecting plates, or other components. If so, the fixing should be removed; otherwise, mechanical damage to the equipment may occur during displacement.

[0093] The control method of the aforementioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following steps for conducting the test and subsequent operations: After checking that there are no abnormalities in any part of the equipment, the displacement is started on the microcomputer. According to the test arrangement, upward displacement or horizontal displacement is performed first. After the displacement in one direction is completed, the displacement in the other direction is performed. After the displacement is completed, the movable box is reinforced using connecting plates, fixing frames, and M24x320 screws. After checking that everything is correct, vibration operation can be performed. If the test does not require displacement, the movable box should still be reinforced in the same way before vibration, and the screws should be M20x160. The test results data can be collected and processed by the microcomputer. The soil and the test device can also be observed through the window, or the top cover of the displacement box can be opened for further study.

[0094] The control method for the aforementioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following steps for hoisting the main module: First, securely connect the movable box and the fixed box with connecting plates, and also connect the water tank and bottom plate. Check that all fasteners are tightened and that there are no abnormalities before hoisting. When hoisting the main module as a whole, use the large lifting lugs on the four main module boxes to ensure stability and that the boxes remain level and without tilting during the hoisting process.

[0095] Among them, the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following assembly conditions and operation methods for the main module:

[0096] (1) Loading and unloading soil before and after the test. Loading and unloading soil requires disassembling the main unit top cover, top waterproof membrane, etc. Oil pipes should also be separated at the quick connector. If hoisting is required, the connection and fastening should be carried out in accordance with the aforementioned hoisting requirements.

[0097] (2) When changing the upward offset angle, there are four types of upward offset angles: 90 degrees, 80 degrees, 65 degrees, and 50 degrees. Correspondingly, the bottom baffle connecting the movable box and the fixed box also has four angles. Changing the offset angle requires replacing the corresponding bottom baffle. To replace the bottom baffle, the top cover needs to be removed, the side baffle removed, and the waterproof membrane covering the baffle needs to be removed. Due to the narrow assembly space inside the box, the movable box and the fixed box need to be separated, and the bottom baffle removed. Then, the required bottom baffle is installed, and the box is closed in sequence, and the water tank, waterproof membrane, side baffle, waterproof geotextile, and top cover are installed. In addition to replacing the bottom baffle, the guide rail and the hydraulic cylinder also need to be installed at the corresponding angle. This requires first removing the guide rail support frame, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder seat, guide rail, etc., installing the guide rail into the corresponding hole position of the perforated plate, and then reinstalling the above parts in sequence. When reinstalling the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder should also be installed at the corresponding angle.

[0098] (3) Fixing or loosening the two boxes (movable box and fixed box): When hoisting, the two boxes must be connected and fixed with connecting plates. At the same time, the bottom connecting plate and water tank should also be installed to enhance the overall strength and rigidity of the main unit. Before the misalignment, all fixed seats and connecting plates must be loosened to avoid affecting the misalignment of the movable box. After the misalignment is completed (before vibration), all fixed seats and connecting rods (connecting plates) should be installed. If the box does not misalign during vibration, the connecting plate shown in the figure above is used to connect the two boxes. If there is misalignment, the connecting rod is used to connect them. The connecting plate has better rigidity than the connecting rod, but it cannot be used after the misalignment. In addition, after the misalignment is completed (before vibration), M24x320 screws should be installed as shown in the figure below. A total of 6 screws of the same specification need to be installed around the three directions of the movable box. If there is no misalignment and the movable housing does not lift, then M20X160 screws must be installed before vibration. However, before misalignment, these screws and bolts must be removed or loosened to a sufficient height to avoid affecting the misalignment.

[0099] (4) Freeze-thaw and rainfall. In this case, simply connect or disconnect the corresponding pipes. Note that the water pipes should also be properly connected.

[0100] (5) When there is a weight limit on the vibration table, if the weight limit of the vibration table on the vibrating equipment is less than 6.5 tons, the external displacement cylinder, cylinder seat, guide rod frame, guide rod, rear connecting beam, box bottom plate, freeze-thaw pipe and guide rail on the top cover must be removed before vibration.

[0101] Among them, the control method of the above-mentioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following trial operation process: before the test, the equipment should be checked to see if it meets the test requirements; during the test, the condition of the displacement box and the hydraulic cylinder should be closely observed, and the speed at the beginning of the test should be low; during the test, it is advisable to cooperate with multiple people, including the computer operator and other relevant operators. If rainfall or freeze-thaw is required, the device should be tested separately.

[0102] The control method of the aforementioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device includes the following specific operational procedures: turning on the computer, starting the test software, and inputting relevant parameters; checking whether the electrical, oil circuit, lubrication, and other components are properly connected and whether any loosened fixtures are removed; turning on the main power supply; when the test requires rainfall or freeze-thaw cycles, setting the relevant parameters in the software and starting the test process until it is completed; turning on the oil pump power supply and starting the oil pump; starting the displacement test process in the software; after the displacement is completed, fixing the displacement box, including six M24x320 screws, fixing seats, and connecting plates, then the hydraulic cylinder pressure can be released. Before vibration, the oil pipes should be disconnected using quick-release couplings; if displacement is not required, the movable box should also be fixedly connected at various points before vibration; the computer controls the rainfall, freeze-thaw, and displacement processes, and collects and processes relevant data, which can be viewed in the software.

[0103] Among the control methods of the aforementioned multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, the maintenance of the device includes: stopping the machine for inspection in case of abnormality; conducting routine inspections of the equipment before and after each test, and cleaning and tidying the equipment and test site after the test; changing the hydraulic oil after three months of use for new equipment; strictly prohibiting displacement or retraction when the movable box is fixed, including when the connecting seat is connected, the tie rod or tie plate is installed, or the screw M20 or M24 is installed, otherwise the equipment may be damaged; the movable box must be strictly fixed before vibration; and connecting plates are used to connect the two boxes before hoisting.

[0104] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

Claims

1. A multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, characterized in that, It includes a main unit module, which houses a rainfall module, a freeze-thaw module, a hydraulic servo module, and a measurement and control module. The host module is used to hold the soil sample and support the displacement movement of the soil sample. The rainfall module is used to simulate a controlled rainfall environment above the soil sample; The freeze-thaw module is used to simulate temperature cycles in the soil sample; The hydraulic servo module is used to provide controllable power for the displacement movement of the soil sample; The measurement and control module is used to coordinate and control the host module, the rainfall module, the freeze-thaw module and the hydraulic servo module, and to collect test data in real time.

2. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host module includes: Fixed box (2), fixedly installed on the vibration table or foundation, to hold the first side soil; The movable box (1) is connected to the fixed box (2) along a set misalignment surface and contains the second side soil sample; The horizontal sliding mechanism (4) includes a fixed platform (41), a sliding platform (42), a horizontal guide rail (43) and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, which drives the movable box (1) to move linearly in the horizontal direction; The oblique sliding mechanism (3) includes an oblique guide rail (31), a guide rod frame (32), a guide rod (33) and an upward hydraulic cylinder (34), which drives the movable box (1) to move linearly in the oblique direction; The bottom misalignment plate (6) includes a fixed misalignment plate and a movable misalignment plate, which are detachably installed on the bottom surfaces of the fixed box (2) and the movable box (1), respectively, and the fixed misalignment plate and the movable misalignment plate are kept in contact with each other; A sliding baffle (5) is installed on the side wall of the movable box (1) to cover the gap between the fixed box (2) and the movable box (1).

3. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the horizontal sliding mechanism (4), the sliding table (42) and the fixed table (41) are slidably engaged by the horizontal guide rail (43), the base of the movable box (1) is installed on the sliding table (42), and the horizontal oil cylinder drives the sliding table (42) to move linearly on the horizontal guide rail (43). In the oblique sliding mechanism (3), the base of the guide rod frame (32) is mounted on the sliding table (42), the oblique guide rail (31) is detachably mounted on the side of the movable box (1), the guide rod frame (32) is provided with a guide rod hole, the guide rod (33) passes through the guide groove of the oblique guide rail (31) and is connected to the guide rod frame (32) through the guide rod hole, the upward oil cylinder (34) is mounted on the base of the guide rod frame (32) through the oil cylinder seat (35), the output end is fixedly connected to the movable box (1), and the movable box (1) is driven to move obliquely along the guide of the oblique guide rail (31).

4. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall module includes a water tank (71), a water pump (72), and a rainfall pipe (73); The outlet of the water pump (72) is connected to a filter (75), a pulse damper, a pressure gauge (77), a safety valve (78) and a ball valve (79), and is connected to the rain pipe (73) via a connecting water pipe. The rain pipe (73) is installed on the top cover of the main unit module; The rain tube (73) is vertically guided to the surface of the soil sample.

5. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The freeze-thaw module includes a cooler (81), an air inlet pipe (82), an air outlet pipe (83), and a sensor; The air cooler (81) is connected to the inner cavity of the main unit module through the air outlet pipe (82) and the air outlet pipe (83), and performs freeze-thaw cycle temperature regulation on the soil sample and the environment inside the main unit module within the range of -20℃ to 40℃. The sensors include a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, which are installed above the surface of the soil sample in the inner cavity of the host module. The freeze-thaw cycle of the air cooler (81) is executed by setting a temperature program on the body of the air cooler (81) or by communicating with the measurement and control module and issuing temperature, cycle number and time sequence control commands through the measurement and control module (10).

6. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic module includes a hydraulic station, a servo valve group, a two-way shut-off valve, a filter, a heat exchanger, a level gauge, a pressure sensor, and pipelines. The hydraulic station includes a motor, an oil pump, and an oil tank; The servo valve group includes at least two servo valves, each controlling the action of a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic station is installed outside the main unit module and is connected to each cylinder through the pipeline; The bidirectional shut-off valve is used for the isolation and locking of a single cylinder; The filter, the heat exchanger, the level gauge, and the pressure sensor are connected to the pipeline.

7. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement and control module includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit; The data acquisition unit is connected to sensor signals that monitor fault force, displacement, temperature, and humidity. The data processing unit is connected to each module via signals and is used to set test parameters, send control commands to each module, and perform automatic operation and regulation by acquiring sensor data in real time through the data acquisition unit.

8. A control method for a multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device, characterized in that, include: S100, select the offset angle according to the test target, replace the corresponding fixed offset plate and movable offset plate, and install the oblique offset mechanism (3) on the preset angle hole on the side wall of the movable box (1); S200, waterproof geotextile is laid in the movable box (1) and the fixed box (2), soil samples are filled and compacted, and sensors are installed in the inner cavity of the box; S300: Set and input test parameters in the measurement and control module, and start the automatic test program. The test parameters include at least one of the following: slip distance, slip speed, rainfall, freeze-thaw temperature, and number of cycles. S400, in accordance with the preset program, executes a combination of working conditions, and the measurement and control module collects and stores fault force, fault displacement, temperature, humidity, pore water pressure and image data in real time. The combination of working conditions includes rainfall-freeze-thaw fault and fault-rain-freeze-thaw. S500, when the misoperation is completed or the termination condition is met, the measurement and control module controls the hydraulic servo module to depressurize, and prompts the interface to use the mounting connection plate, fixing frame and screw to reinforce the movable box (1) in three directions; After completing the three-dimensional reinforcement, the S600 multi-functional soil displacement simulation test device is transferred to a shaking table or foundation for seismic dynamic loading test. The multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device is the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The control method of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S300, the measurement and control module is equipped with a manual intervention mode, which allows operators to adjust the slippage speed, rainfall and freeze-thaw temperature at any time through the human-machine interface during the test operation. The measurement and control module records and marks the intervention time and saves all the collected data 30 seconds before and after the intervention time.

10. The control method of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S400, the measurement and control module is set to trigger a test pause and indicate the start of the rupture zone observation window when the following conditions are met: The displacement reaches a set value of ±1mm; or... The decrease in the fault force compared to the peak value or the previous steady-state value is ≥20%.

11. The control method of the multifunctional soil displacement simulation test device according to claim 10, characterized in that, In S400, after the test is paused and the user is prompted to enter the observation window for the fracture zone, the user records the expansion process of the soil fracture zone through the glass window or endoscopic camera device on the host module, and the measurement and control module simultaneously saves the video and sensor data.

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