Two-in-one flow-controllable self-cleaning water and soil loss monitoring system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment and water and soil conservation monitoring, and discloses a two-in-one flow-controllable self-cleaning water and soil loss monitoring system. The system comprises a desilting basin and a water and soil loss monitoring box, an inverted cone type sand blocking device is arranged at a water outlet of the desilting basin, and a suspension flow controller with a foam floating body is assembled in the desilting basin to accurately control flow; an automatic water guiding device, a rainwater collecting clean water tank, a measuring instrument, an adjustable frame and a water spraying type flusher are arranged in the monitoring box. The automatic water guide device realizes gapless alternative introduction and measurement of water samples in the plurality of desilting basins, the cleaning mode is switched, and the flusher is connected with the clear water tank to complete automatic cleaning. The flow control and self-cleaning functions are integrated, the monitoring precision and the real-time performance are improved, the labor dependence and the cost are reduced, and the system is suitable for different runoffs and large-range multi-point monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental and soil and water conservation monitoring technology, and in particular relates to a two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion is a major global environmental problem, leading to a series of serious consequences such as land degradation, ecosystem dysfunction, and river and reservoir siltation. Heavy rainfall-induced soil erosion is a significant trigger for geological disasters. Accurate monitoring of soil erosion rates can buy valuable time for residents in high-risk areas to evacuate. Accurate, timely, and efficient understanding of soil erosion dynamics is a crucial foundation for conducting scientific soil and water conservation planning, evaluating the effectiveness of control measures, and formulating disaster prevention and mitigation decisions. Therefore, developing advanced soil erosion monitoring technologies is of paramount practical importance.

[0003] Currently, soil and water loss monitoring technology mainly relies on three types of methods, but each has significant limitations. First, there are traditional ground-based monitoring methods, primarily including runoff plot observation, stenography, and sedimentation basin methods. Among these, runoff plot observation, as a classic approach, directly calculates soil loss by collecting runoff and sediment in a specific area, offering a certain level of measurement accuracy. For example, the movable, modular runoff plot structure disclosed in CN10903078A, while improving in materials and ease of assembly, still fails to address the core shortcomings of traditional runoff plot observation methods: First, it lacks an effective flow regulation mechanism. In scenarios involving large runoff caused by heavy rainfall, it cannot accurately control the velocity and flow rate of water entering the monitoring device, easily leading to overload and overflow of the collection structure, uneven sediment deposition, and distorted measurement data. Furthermore, it is difficult to adapt to the monitoring needs of runoff of varying intensities. Second, it lacks an active automatic cleaning function. Although it claims to have a smooth surface in the collection trough, sediment particles can still easily adhere during long-term monitoring. Scaling requires manual disassembly and flushing, which is cumbersome and prevents continuous monitoring during cleaning, increasing labor costs and causing data interruption. Long-term use also leads to residual sediment further affecting measurement accuracy. Thirdly, the single-point independent monitoring architecture can only monitor a small rectangular area, failing to simultaneously or alternately import and analyze water samples from multiple sedimentation tanks or monitoring points. This results in insufficient regional representativeness of the monitoring results, making it difficult to reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion over a large area. Fourthly, the monitoring process still heavily relies on manual operation, requiring manual completion of trenching, assembly, fixing, sample collection, disassembly, and transportation. This not only results in high labor costs and poor deployment flexibility but also a discrete data acquisition mode, making it impossible to achieve real-time dynamic perception and continuous data recording of the entire soil erosion event process, and failing to capture the dynamic correlation between rainfall intensity changes and soil erosion volume. Furthermore, traditional ground monitoring methods generally suffer from high costs, time-consuming and labor-intensive processes, and limited monitoring range, representing only a single point or area, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale monitoring. Secondly, there is remote sensing technology, which uses remote sensing and geographic information system technology, combined with general soil loss equations or their modified models, to estimate soil erosion at the regional scale. It obtains factors such as vegetation cover and topography through remote sensing images and combines them with rainfall data to achieve large-scale and rapid assessment on a GIS platform. However, this method has limited measurement accuracy and significant lag. More importantly, it reflects potential or average erosion risk rather than actual soil loss, and cannot accurately respond to the real-time loss situation after specific rainfall events or human disturbances.

[0004] The existing soil and water loss monitoring technology system struggles to balance accuracy, efficiency, timeliness, and cost. In particular, the traditional ground-based runoff plot observation method, even with structural improvements, still has significant shortcomings in terms of adaptability to large runoff volumes, long-term monitoring accuracy and stability, multi-regional collaborative monitoring capabilities, real-time continuity, and ease of operation. Currently, there is a lack of a technical solution that can quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively achieve dynamic perception and quantitative assessment of actual soil and water loss events. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system. By integrating flow regulation and device self-cleaning anti-sand accumulation functions, it can achieve seamless continuous dynamic monitoring of multiple sedimentation tanks, ensuring monitoring accuracy, real-time performance and regional representativeness, and reducing reliance on manual labor and monitoring costs.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system, including a sedimentation tank and a soil erosion monitoring box; an inverted conical sand-blocking device is fixed at the outlet position on the inner edge of the sedimentation tank, and a suspended flow controller is installed inside the inverted conical sand-blocking device, the outlet end of the suspended flow controller is connected to the inlet pipe; the soil erosion monitoring box includes an aluminum alloy frame, an automatic water guiding device, a rainwater collection tank, a soil erosion measuring instrument, and a spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device; An automatic water guiding device and a soil erosion measuring instrument are mounted on the aluminum alloy frame. The inlet of the automatic water guiding device is correspondingly set to the inlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the soil erosion measuring instrument. The rainwater collection tank is connected to the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device through a clean water pipe. The spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device is set inside the soil erosion measuring instrument and is used to clean the soil erosion measuring instrument. The automatic water guiding device can selectively introduce water into the multi-sedimentation pool and switch operating modes.

[0007] Furthermore, the inverted conical sand-blocking device is a semi-conical shape with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. The bottom has an opening that is connected to the internal cavity of the sedimentation tank. The outer side wall is vertically attached to the inner side wall of the sedimentation tank, and a filter screen is fixedly mounted on the outer wall.

[0008] Furthermore, the main body of the suspended flow controller is a permeable short pipe. Several permeable grooves are spaced vertically on the peripheral wall of the permeable short pipe. A filter screen is wrapped around the outer periphery. A water outlet hose is integrally formed at the lower end. An adjustable outer shell is detachably assembled at the upper end through a threaded connection. The threaded connection end of the adjustable outer shell is integrally formed with a closed water-blocking structure. A foam float is fixedly wrapped around the outer periphery of the permeable short pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the volume of the foam float satisfies:

[0010] =( + ) / ( ×g)

[0011] in, The volume of the foam float is... For the weight of the suspension flow controller and the outlet hose, Due to the buoyancy of the foam, Let ρ be the density of water, and g be the acceleration due to gravity on Earth.

[0012] Furthermore, the automatic water guiding device includes a three-cavity water guiding channel, a water receiving channel, and an electric push rod; the three-cavity water guiding channel is an integral structure, formed by three topless cavities sequentially spliced ​​along a straight line, with three through-type flow guiding holes staggered inside the three cavities, arranged in a horizontal direction with a single hole at the top and two holes at the bottom; the water inlet end of the water receiving channel is aligned with the upper flow guiding hole of the middle cavity of the three-cavity water guiding channel, and the water outlet end is connected to the soil and water loss measuring instrument; the three-cavity water guiding channel forms a transmission assembly structure with the electric push rod through the first screw and the second screw, and can slide along the slide rail under the drive of the electric push rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the electric push rod is equipped with a timing control module, which regulates the extension and retraction stroke of the electric push rod to achieve selective docking of the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe and the three cavities of the three-cavity water guide channel, forming three water guide combinations and two operating modes: soil erosion measurement mode and cleaning mode.

[0014] Furthermore, the water-spraying rising spiral telescopic flushing device includes a vertical rotating screw, a brush, and a trident-shaped blade. The bottom of the vertical rotating screw is connected to the trident-shaped blade, and the brush is installed at the bottom. The vertical rotating screw and the trident-shaped blade are covered with water outlet holes 1104. The brush has a built-in trident-shaped telescopic brush head, which is integrally molded from soft rubber material and has elastic deformation properties.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of sedimentation tanks is two or more, and each sedimentation tank is connected to the water inlet pipe through a PVC pipe connection passage, with valves provided at the corresponding PVC pipe connection ends.

[0016] Furthermore, the aluminum alloy frame is a cuboid frame structure, and all four vertical support sides have an upwardly adjustable function; the three-cavity water guide channel has four through-type mounting holes, which are symmetrically distributed in two groups on both sides of the channel, and cooperate with the first screw and the second screw to realize transmission assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, the filter screen aperture on the outer wall of the inverted conical sand-blocking device is 0.5~0.6mm, and the filter screen aperture on the outer periphery of the suspended flow controller is 0.07~0.08mm; the lower ends of the guide holes of the left and right chambers of the three-chamber water guide channel are all fixedly connected to aluminum alloy short pipes, and the end of each aluminum alloy short pipe away from the guide hole is equipped with a drainage hose.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention include: This invention achieves comprehensive optimization and upgrading of many limitations of existing soil erosion monitoring technologies; addressing the problem that existing technologies can only perform point-to-point single measurements, this invention, through an innovatively designed three-in-one water guiding device, constructs three water guiding combinations and two operating modes for soil erosion measurement and cleaning. This allows water from multiple sedimentation tanks to flow into the soil and water conservation instrument in an orderly manner at different times, significantly reducing the investment cost of measuring equipment and significantly improving monitoring efficiency, while achieving continuous real-time acquisition of soil erosion data. Regarding the deficiency of existing technologies in automatically cleaning at fixed times, this invention specifically sets up a cleaning mode that automatically opens the equipment's drain valve at a preset fixed time. Through the precise adjustment of the three-in-one water guiding device, clean water in the rainwater collection tank is guided to a spray-type rising spiral telescopic flusher to thoroughly clean the inside of the instrument housing. The flushed wastewater is directly discharged, fundamentally avoiding the impact of sediment accumulation on the accuracy of measurement data. To address the problems of existing technologies that rely on timed or manual measurements and have discontinuous data collection, the fully automatic water diversion device of this invention enables seamless alternating introduction of water from two sedimentation tanks into the soil erosion measurement instrument housing at different time periods. This allows the device to collect soil erosion data in real time, effectively increasing the data collection frequency and more accurately capturing the dynamic changes in soil erosion. Furthermore, considering the maximum flow limit of the soil erosion measurement instrument, and the differences in pipeline length between different sedimentation tanks and the instrument leading to varying head losses along the flow path and thus unstable water volume entering the instrument, this invention features an adjustable suspended flow controller. By twisting the screw, the outflow rate can be precisely adjusted, ensuring that the water volume entering the soil erosion measurement instrument remains within the appropriate range, thus guaranteeing the reliability and accuracy of the measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the system devices in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2This is a front view of the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device and the suspended flow controller in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device and the suspended flow controller in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a detailed diagram of the levitation flow controller in this embodiment; where (a) is the fully open state and (b) is the adjusted blocking state;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the soil and water loss monitoring box in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil and water loss monitoring box in this embodiment;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the soil and water loss monitoring box in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a top view of the soil and water loss monitoring box in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the water-spraying, rising spiral telescopic flushing device of this embodiment.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a top view of the water-spraying, rising spiral telescopic flushing device of this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the brush movement state in this embodiment; where (a) is the initial state, (b) is the movement process, and (c) is a schematic diagram of the movement and rest states.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Sedimentation tank; 2. Soil and water loss monitoring box; 3. Inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device; 4. Suspended flow controller; 401. Filter screen; 402. Permeable trough; 403. Outlet hose; 404. Adjustable outer shell; 405. Foam float; 5. First inlet pipe; 6. Second inlet pipe; 7. Automatic water guiding device; 701. Three-chamber water guiding trough; 7011. Flow guide hole; 7012. Aluminum alloy short pipe; 7013. Drainage hose 7014. Mounting hole; 702. Water receiving trough; 703. Electric push rod; 704. First screw; 705. Second screw; 8. Rainwater collection tank; 9. Soil and water loss measuring instrument; 10. Aluminum alloy frame; 11. Water spray type rising spiral telescopic flushing device; 1101. Vertical rotating screw; 1102. Brush; 1103. Trident blade; 1104. Water outlet; 1105. Telescopic brush head; 12. Clean water pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 This embodiment provides a two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system, including a sedimentation tank 1 and a soil erosion monitoring box 2. In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 A semi-conical inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3 is fixed at the outlet position on the inner edge of the sedimentation tank 1. This inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3 has a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Its lower part has an opening that connects to the internal cavity of the sedimentation tank 1. The outer wall of the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3 is vertically attached to the inner wall of the sedimentation tank 1. A filter screen with a pore size of 0.5~0.6mm is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3. This filter screen is used to pre-filter the turbid water in the sedimentation tank 1 to intercept large particles such as trees, roots, and plastics. After filtration by the filter screen, the water inside the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3 still contains suspended sediment particles and is relatively turbid. If the flow rate decreases or the water is left to settle, the sediment begins to settle, and the particles inside the inverted cone-shaped sand-blocking device 3 gradually settle to the bottom area and flow back into the sedimentation tank 1 through the lower opening.

[0034] In this embodiment, specifically, the core function of the inverted cone sand-blocking device 3 is to intercept large particles of impurities such as trees, roots, and plastics that enter its cavity from the side. At the same time, with the help of gravity, these large particles of silt will naturally settle and are unlikely to enter the internal cavity of the inverted cone sand-blocking device 3 through the opening at the bottom, thereby achieving pre-filtration of large particles of impurities. The suspended flow controller 4 is set inside the inverted cone sand-blocking device 3, and its function is to perform secondary filtration on the water body after pre-filtration by the inverted cone sand-blocking device 3, further intercepting smaller particles of silt in the water body, ensuring that the water body entering the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 contains only suspended matter and no sediment, thus ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0035] In some specific implementation methods, such as Figures 2-4The inverted conical sand-blocking device 3 is internally equipped with a suspended flow controller 4, which is entirely located within the cavity of the inverted conical sand-blocking device 3. The main body of the suspended flow controller 4 is a short permeable pipe with a diameter of 24-25 mm. Several permeable grooves 402 are spaced vertically on the periphery of the short permeable pipe, each extending axially along the short permeable pipe for water flow. A filter screen 401 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the short permeable pipe. The pore size of the filter screen is set to 0.07-0.08 mm to filter large soil particles in the water flow, ensuring that the water entering the subsequent soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 contains only suspended solids and no sediment. An outlet hose 403 is integrally formed at the lower end of the short permeable pipe. The outlet hose 403 has a diameter of 18-22 mm and is connected to the outlet of the sedimentation tank 1. The length of the outlet hose 403 is reserved to accommodate the vertical movement of the suspended flow controller 4. like Figure 4 (a) and (b) The upper end of the permeable short pipe is detachably fitted with an adjustable outer shell 404 via a threaded connection. The threaded connection end of the adjustable outer shell 404 is integrally formed with a closed water-blocking structure. The inner diameter of the adjustable outer shell 404 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the permeable short pipe, and the radial dimension of the closed water-blocking structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the permeable short pipe. The closed water-blocking structure is correspondingly set to the cavity of the permeable short pipe. By turning the adjustable outer shell 404, it can be driven to move up and down along the axial direction of the permeable short pipe, thereby changing the coverage area of ​​the closed water-blocking structure on the permeable groove 402 around the permeable short pipe, realizing precise adjustment of the flow area of ​​the permeable short pipe, and ultimately achieving controllable regulation of the effluent flow rate of the sedimentation tank 1.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, a foam float 405 is fixedly wrapped around the outer periphery of the flow control screw. The foam float 405 provides stable buoyancy for the suspended flow controller 4, ensuring that the suspended flow controller 4 is always vertically suspended in the water. This guarantees a constant water head height within the permeable short pipe, achieving stable water pressure control and ensuring a uniform inflow of water into the soil erosion measuring instrument 9, thus achieving precise control of the outflow. For application scenarios where the distances between the two sedimentation tanks 1 and the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 differ, the outflow velocity of the corresponding suspended flow controller 4 can be adjusted by turning the flow control screw, ensuring that the outflow from both sedimentation tanks 1 does not exceed the maximum inflow threshold of the soil erosion measuring instrument 9.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the dimensions of the foam float 405 are determined based on the weight of the levitation flow controller and the hose:

[0038] =( + ) / ( ×g)

[0039] in, The volume of the foam float is 405. For the weight of the suspension flow controller 4 and the outlet hose 403, The weight of the foam float is 405. Let ρ be the density of water, and g be the acceleration due to gravity on Earth.

[0040] In some specific implementation methods, such as Figures 5-8 The soil erosion monitoring box 2 includes an automatic water guiding device 7, a rainwater collection tank 8, a soil erosion measuring instrument 9, an aluminum alloy frame 10, and a spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device 11. Specifically, the aluminum alloy frame 10 is a cuboid frame structure, and its four vertical support sides are all adjustable upwardly, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual height requirements of the assembled equipment, making it highly adaptable. This embodiment can effectively avoid the scrapping of the original aluminum alloy frame 10 and supporting facilities due to the increased height of the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 when it is replaced later, thus reducing the cost of use and improving the reusability and flexibility of the overall device.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 is fixedly mounted in the bottom area of ​​the aluminum alloy frame 10, with its water inlet corresponding to the water outlet of the water receiving trough 702 in the automatic water guiding device 7. This instrument is used to detect the soil erosion rate of the water flowing into the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 from the sedimentation tank 1. In some specific embodiments, the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 is a JD-WG type automatic soil erosion detector; it can be replaced with a detection device that can achieve the same function as needed.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the automatic water guiding device 7 includes a three-cavity water guiding channel 701, a water receiving channel 702, and an electric push rod 703; it can realize the seamless and alternating introduction of water from the two sedimentation tanks 1 into the water and soil loss measuring instrument 9 housing at different times, ensuring that the equipment can perform continuous and uninterrupted data acquisition. Specifically, the three-cavity water guiding channel 701 is an integral aluminum alloy structure, consisting of three topless cavities sequentially spliced ​​along a straight line to form an integrated structure. The dimensions of the three cavities are set to 150mm×150mm×150mm, 100mm×150mm×150mm, and 150mm×150mm×150mm, respectively; the interior of the three-cavity water guiding channel 701 has three through-holes 7011 staggered with the three cavities, and the three through-holes 7011 are arranged in a horizontal direction with a single hole at the top and two holes at the bottom, i.e., in the middle cavity. The guide hole 7011 is located in the upper region. The guide holes 7011 of the left and right cavities are symmetrically distributed on both sides below the guide hole 7011 of the middle cavity. Each guide hole 7011 is set through along the thickness direction of the corresponding cavity. The lower end of the guide hole 7011 of the left and right cavities is fixedly connected to an aluminum alloy short tube 7012 with a diameter of 48~52mm. The end of each aluminum alloy short tube 7012 away from the guide hole 7011 is equipped with a drainage hose 7013, which is used to quickly drain water in the non-monitoring state to avoid interference caused by water splashing. The lower part of the three-in-one water guiding device is fixedly equipped with a water receiving trough 702. The water inlet end of the water receiving trough 702 is precisely aligned with the upper guide hole 7011 of the middle cavity of the three-cavity water guiding trough 701, and the water outlet end is fixedly connected to the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9. It is used to guide the monitored water in the three-cavity water guiding trough 701 to the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9. One of the long sides of the water receiving trough 702 is adapted to be embedded between the upper guide hole 7011 of the middle cavity and the lower guide holes 7011 of the left and right cavities. The length of the long side of the water receiving trough 702 is consistent with the horizontal distance between the two lower guide holes 7011, so that only the upper guide hole 7011 of the middle cavity forms an effective connection with the water receiving trough 702, and the two lower guide holes 7011 of the left and right cavities are not connected to the water receiving trough 702. In this embodiment, the electric push rod 703 drives the three-chamber water guide channel 701 to move horizontally, so that the water samples from different inlet pipes can always accurately correspond to the upper guide hole 7011 of the middle cavity and flow into the receiving tank 702, and then be introduced into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9; while the two lower guide holes 7011 corresponding to the left and right cavities will receive the water samples of the corresponding inlet pipes at different stroke positions, but the two water samples are not connected to the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9, but are directly discharged to the outside through the aluminum alloy short pipe 7012 and the drainage hose 7013 at the lower end of the corresponding guide hole 7011.This embodiment ensures that the water flowing through each inlet pipe and the three-chamber water guide channel 701 is always in a dynamic flow state, avoiding changes in the flow pattern caused by water stasis, thereby preventing suspended sediment in the water from settling due to static placement, ensuring that the flow pattern and sediment distribution of the water sample entering the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 are consistent with the actual runoff, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0043] Furthermore, the three-cavity water guide channel 701 has four through-holes 7014 correspondingly opened on the channel body. The four mounting holes 7014 are symmetrically distributed in two groups on both sides of the channel body. A stable transmission assembly structure is formed with the electric push rod 703 through the first screw 704 and the second screw 705. The specific assembly relationship is as follows: the first screw 704 passes through the output end of the electric push rod 703 and two mounting holes 7014 on one side of the three-cavity water guide channel 701 in sequence, and rollers are rotatably mounted at both ends of the first screw 704; the second screw 705 is set parallel to the first screw 704. The two ends of the screw 705 pass through two mounting holes 7014 on the other side of the three-cavity water guide channel 701, and the two ends of the second screw 705 are also rotatably equipped with rollers. Specifically, the top of the aluminum alloy frame 10 is provided with a slide rail structure that cooperates with the rollers. Through the above assembly structure, the three-cavity water guide channel 701, the electric push rod 703, the first screw 704, the second screw 705 and the rollers form a linkage assembly, so that the three-cavity water guide channel 701 can slide smoothly along the extension direction of the first screw 704 and the second screw 705 under the extension and retraction drive of the electric push rod 703, ensuring docking accuracy.

[0044] Furthermore, the electric push rod 703 is driven by a motor and equipped with a timing control module. The timing control module precisely regulates the extension and retraction stroke of the electric push rod 703, thereby achieving selective docking of the first water inlet pipe 5, the second water inlet pipe 6, and the three cavities, forming three water guiding combinations and two operating modes (soil erosion measurement mode and cleaning mode). The adaptation relationship corresponding to each stroke position is as follows:

[0045] 1. When the electric push rod 703 drives the three-cavity water guide channel 701 to move to the first stroke position, the first water inlet pipe 5 is set to correspond to the top opening of the left 150mm×150mm cavity, and the second water inlet pipe 6 is set to correspond to the top opening of the middle 100mm×150mm cavity; wherein, the left cavity is not connected to the housing of the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9, the water flowing out of the first water inlet pipe 5 is discharged through the left cavity, the corresponding guide hole 7011, the aluminum alloy permeable short pipe and the drainage hose 7013, and the water flowing out of the second water inlet pipe 6 is introduced into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 through the middle cavity, the corresponding guide hole 7011 and the water receiving channel 702. At this time, the equipment is in the first soil and water loss measuring mode.

[0046] 2. When the electric push rod 703 drives the three-chamber water guide trough 701 to the second stroke position, the first water inlet pipe 5 still corresponds to the top opening of the left 150mm×150mm×150mm cavity, and the second water inlet pipe 6 corresponds to the top opening of the right 150mm×150mm×150mm cavity; the left and right cavities are not connected to the housing of the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9. The two water bodies are discharged through the corresponding cavities, the guide hole 7011, the aluminum alloy permeable short pipe and the drainage hose 7013 respectively. At this time, no water enters the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9. The equipment switches to the cleaning mode, and the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device 11 starts synchronously to rotate and clean the inside of the housing of the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9.

[0047] 3. When the electric push rod 703 drives the three-chamber water guide trough 701 to the third stroke position, the first water inlet pipe 5 corresponds to the top opening of the middle 100mm×150mm×150mm cavity, and the second water inlet pipe 6 corresponds to the top opening of the right 150mm×150mm×150mm cavity; the water flowing out of the first water inlet pipe 5 is introduced into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 through the middle cavity, the corresponding guide hole 7011 and the water receiving trough 702, and the water flowing out of the second water inlet pipe 6 is discharged through the right cavity, the corresponding guide hole 7011, the aluminum alloy permeable short pipe and the drainage hose 7013. At this time, the equipment is in the second soil and water loss measuring mode.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, one end of the first inlet pipe 5 is connected to the outlet of the sedimentation tank via a PVC pipe, and the other end is set with an opening at the top of the three-cavity guide channel 701, used to guide the water in the sedimentation tank to the three-cavity guide channel 701. One end of the second inlet pipe 6 is connected to the outlet of another sedimentation tank via a PVC pipe, and the other end is set with an opening at the top of the three-cavity guide channel 701, used to guide the water in the sedimentation tank to the three-cavity guide channel 701, further flowing into the receiving trough 702, and then from the receiving trough 702 into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9; the horizontal distance between the first inlet pipe 5 and the second inlet pipe 6 is set to 150mm to ensure that the water outlets of the two pipes can respectively correspond to different cavities of the three-cavity guide channel 701.

[0049] In some optional implementations, the number of sedimentation tanks 1 can be set to two or more to further improve the regional coverage and data representativeness of the monitoring. Specifically, sedimentation tanks 1 can be deployed at different target monitoring locations according to actual monitoring needs. Each newly added sedimentation tank 1 is connected to the first inlet pipe 5 via a PVC pipe, which is connected to the PVC pipe connection between the sedimentation tank 1 and other existing sedimentation tanks 1. Each sedimentation tank 1 is equipped with a valve at the PVC pipe connection end to independently control the water sample conduction status of the corresponding monitoring point. By controlling the on / off status of each valve, water samples from multiple sedimentation tanks 1 (monitoring points) can be synchronously or alternately introduced into the soil and water loss monitoring box 2, which then performs unified analysis of the water samples. This achieves the technical effect of requiring only one set of soil and water loss monitoring box 2 to complete the measurement of soil and water loss rates of water bodies corresponding to different sedimentation tanks 1 over a large area, adapting to the needs of large-scale, multi-point collaborative monitoring.

[0050] In some specific implementation methods, such as Figure 1 , Figure 6 The rainwater collection tank 8 is located near the soil erosion monitoring box 2, collecting rainwater during rainfall to provide a water source for cleaning the inside of the soil erosion monitoring box 2. Furthermore, a water-spraying, rising spiral telescopic flushing device 11 is inserted into the top opening of the soil erosion measuring instrument 9. The front end of the water-spraying, rising spiral telescopic flushing device 11 is connected to the rainwater collection tank 8 via a clean water pipe 12, and the rear end is placed inside the soil erosion measuring instrument 9, maintaining a distance of 5-6 cm from the bottom of the box. Figures 9-11 The water-spraying, rising spiral telescopic flushing device 11 consists of a vertical rotating screw 1101, a brush 1102, and a trident-shaped blade 1103. The bottom of the vertical rotating screw 1101 is connected to the trident-shaped blade 1103, and the brush 1102 is installed at the bottom; furthermore, the vertical rotating screw 1101 and the trident-shaped blade 1103 are covered with water outlet holes 1104; for example... Figure 11 The brush 1102 has a built-in trident-shaped telescopic brush head 1105, which is integrally molded from soft rubber material. The telescopic brush head 1105 has elastic deformation properties and rotates in a circle with the outermost point of the trident-shaped blade 1103 as the center during movement; for example... Figure 11 (a)~(c), when the blade rotates to the length direction of the housing of the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9, the telescopic brush head 1105 at the front end of the blade automatically pops out and begins to rotate and brush, supplementing the brushing of areas outside the circular area formed by the rotation of the blade. For example... Figure 11(a)~(c) When the trident blade 1103 rotates with the rotating screw to the width direction of the soil and water conservation device box, because the internal space dimension of the box width direction is less than the maximum lateral span of the trident blade 1103 in the unfolded state, the telescopic brush head 1105 at the front end of the blade is subjected to the squeezing force of the side wall of the box. Based on the elastic deformation characteristics of the soft rubber material, it automatically shrinks and fits into the blade body, avoiding interference with the box structure and ensuring the smoothness of the blade rotation.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments, the vertical rotating screw 1101 achieves rotational movement through a rotary lifting motor; the rotary lifting motor can be installed at the bottom of the soil erosion measuring instrument 9, and the drive shaft passes through the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 and is connected to the vertical rotating screw 1101.

[0052] The specific working process of the two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system described in this embodiment is as follows: After rainfall, rainwater flows into the sedimentation tank 1 via runoff. The inverted conical sand-blocking device 3 installed at the inner edge of the sedimentation tank 1 performs the first filtration of the water sample, removing large particulate impurities. Subsequently, the water sample flows through the suspended flow controller 4 inside the inverted conical sand-blocking device 3 for a second filtration, ensuring that the water sample entering the first inlet pipe 5 and the second inlet pipe 6 contains only suspended solids and no sediment. To address the differences in distance between the sedimentation tank 1 and the soil erosion monitoring box 2, the suspended flow controller 4 can precisely adjust the water flow rate of the first inlet pipe 5 and the second inlet pipe 6, ensuring that the flow rates of the two inlets remain consistent.

[0053] Water from each sedimentation tank 1 flows into the first inlet pipe 5 and the second inlet pipe 6 respectively through the suspended flow controller 4 and the outlet hose 403, and then into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 through the three-chamber water guide channel 701 and the receiving channel 702. The electric push rod 703 is connected to the three-chamber water guide channel 701 and can drive its translation to achieve the corresponding matching of different inlet pipes and guide holes 7011. This process is executed according to a preset program by the timer control module of the electric push rod 703: when the electric push rod 703 advances to the first moment, the water flowing out of the first inlet pipe 5 corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the left water guide cavity and is directly discharged through the guide hole 7011; the water flowing out of the second inlet pipe 6 corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the middle water guide cavity and is discharged through the guide hole 7011 and the receiving channel 702. Water flows into the soil erosion measuring instrument 9, at which point the device is in measurement mode. When the electric push rod 703 is pushed to the second moment, the first water inlet pipe 5 still corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the left water guide cavity and drains water, and the second water inlet pipe 6 corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the right water guide cavity and drains water. No water enters the soil erosion measuring instrument 9, and the device switches to cleaning mode. At this time, the water-spraying rising spiral telescopic flusher 11 starts to rotate and clean the inside of the instrument, and the drain port at the bottom of the soil erosion measuring instrument 9 remains open through a preset program.

[0054] In the specific implementation process, the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flusher 11 is connected to the rainwater collection tank 8 through the clean water pipe 12. A small booster water pump is installed at the connection point to increase the water pressure and ensure the flushing effect on the sediment deposited at the bottom of the instrument. After cleaning, the electric push rod 703 is advanced to the third moment. The first water inlet pipe 5 corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the middle water guide cavity and flows into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 through the water receiving tank 702. The second water inlet pipe 6 corresponds to the guide hole 7011 of the right water guide cavity and is directly discharged. The equipment returns to the measurement mode. The water flowing into the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9 completes the quantitative detection of soil and water loss through the internal measurement and weighing module of the instrument. The detected water sample is discharged from another opening of the instrument through a preset program.

[0055] In this embodiment, the suspended flow controller 4, through its adjustable housing 404, filter screen 401, permeable trough 402, and foam float 405, achieves precise control of the influent flow rate. The combination of the inverted cone sand-blocking device 3 and the suspended flow controller 4 significantly reduces the clogging probability of the soil and water loss measuring instrument 9. The three-chamber water guide trough 701, through three water guide combinations, realizes the switching between two operating modes: soil and water loss measurement and cleaning. It can meet the needs of multiple sedimentation tanks 1 for orderly inflow of water in different time periods, which reduces the investment cost of measuring equipment and improves monitoring efficiency. In the cleaning mode, the water and soil loss measuring instrument 9, in its waterless state, works in conjunction with the pre-opened drain valve and the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flusher 11 (including a vertical rotating screw 1101, a brush 1102, a trident-shaped blade 1103, a water outlet 1104, and a telescopic brush head 1105) to effectively solve the problem of sediment accumulation inside the instrument and ensure measurement accuracy. The rainwater collection tank 8 collects rainwater during rainfall to provide water for the cleaning process, achieving water conservation and low-carbon environmental protection. The three-chamber water guide channel 701 forms a stable transmission with the electric push rod 703 through the mounting hole 7014, the first screw 704, the second screw 705, and the mounting hole 7011 of the left and right chambers, respectively. The lower ends of the guide holes 7011 of the left and right chambers are connected to aluminum alloy short pipes 7012 and drainage hoses 7013 for water discharge in non-measuring states. The aluminum alloy frame 10 provides installation support for all components of the entire water and soil loss monitoring box 2.

[0056] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a sedimentation tank (1) and a soil erosion monitoring box (2); an inverted conical sand-blocking device (3) is fixed at the outlet of the inner edge of the sedimentation tank (1), and a suspended flow controller (4) is installed inside the inverted conical sand-blocking device (3), with the outlet end of the suspended flow controller (4) connected to the inlet pipe; the soil erosion monitoring box (2) includes an aluminum alloy frame (10), an automatic water guiding device (7), a rainwater collection tank (8), a soil erosion measuring instrument (9), and a spray-type rising spiral telescopic flushing device (11); the automatic water guiding device (7) is installed on the aluminum alloy frame (10). The water and soil loss measuring instrument (9) is provided with an automatic water guiding device (7) whose inlet end is corresponding to the inlet pipe and whose outlet end is connected to the water and soil loss measuring instrument (9); the rainwater collection tank (8) is connected to the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flusher (11) through the clear water pipe (12), and the spray-type rising spiral telescopic flusher (11) is set inside the water and soil loss measuring instrument (9) for cleaning the water and soil loss measuring instrument (9); the automatic water guiding device (7) can realize the selective introduction of water from the multi-sedimentation pool (1) and the switching of the operation mode.

2. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverted conical sand-blocking device (3) is a semi-conical shape with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. The bottom is open and connected to the internal cavity of the sedimentation tank (1). The outer side wall is vertically attached to the inner side wall of the sedimentation tank (1), and a filter screen is fixedly installed on the outer wall.

3. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the suspended flow controller (4) is a permeable short pipe. Several permeable grooves (402) are spaced vertically on the periphery of the permeable short pipe. A filter screen (401) is wrapped around the outer periphery. A water outlet hose (403) is integrally formed at the lower end. An adjustable shell (404) is detachably assembled at the upper end through a threaded connection. The threaded connection end of the adjustable shell (404) is integrally formed with a closed water-blocking structure. A foam float (405) is fixedly wrapped around the outer periphery of the permeable short pipe.

4. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The volume of the foam float (405) satisfies: =( + ) / ( ×g) in, For the volume of the foam float (405), For the gravity of the suspension flow controller (4) and the outlet hose (403), For the weight of the foam float (405), Let ρ be the density of water, and g be the acceleration due to gravity on Earth.

5. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic water guiding device (7) includes a three-cavity water guiding channel (701), a water receiving channel (702), and an electric push rod (703). The three-cavity water guiding channel (701) is an integral structure, formed by three cavities without top surfaces being spliced ​​together in a straight line. The three cavities are staggered with three through-holes (7011) inside, arranged in a single hole at the top and double holes at the bottom in the horizontal direction. The water inlet end of the water receiving channel (702) is aligned with the upper guide hole (7011) of the middle cavity of the three-cavity water guiding channel (701), and the water outlet end is connected to the soil and water loss measuring instrument (9). The three-cavity water guiding channel (701) forms a transmission assembly structure with the electric push rod (703) through the first screw (704), the second screw (705), and can slide along the slide rail under the drive of the electric push rod (703).

6. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electric push rod (703) is equipped with a timing control module. The extension and retraction stroke of the electric push rod (703) can be adjusted by the timing control module to achieve selective docking of the three cavities of the first water inlet pipe (5), the second water inlet pipe (6) and the three-cavity water guide channel (701), forming three water guide combinations and two operating modes: soil and water loss measurement mode and cleaning mode.

7. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-spraying rising spiral telescopic flusher (11) includes a vertical rotating screw (1101), a brush (1102), and a trident-shaped blade (1103). The bottom of the vertical rotating screw (1101) is connected to the trident-shaped blade (1103), and the brush (1102) is provided at the bottom. The vertical rotating screw (1101) and the trident-shaped blade (1103) are covered with water outlet holes (1104) 1104. The brush (1102) has a built-in trident-shaped telescopic brush head (1105). The telescopic brush head (1105) is made of soft rubber material and is integrally molded, which has elastic deformation performance.

8. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of sedimentation tanks (1) is two or more, and each sedimentation tank (1) is connected to the water inlet pipe through a PVC pipe. The corresponding PVC pipe inlet end is equipped with a valve.

9. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy frame (10) is a cuboid frame structure, and all four vertical support sides have an upward adjustment function; the three-cavity water guide channel (701) has four through-type mounting holes (7014) on its body, and the four mounting holes (7014) are symmetrically distributed in two groups on both sides of the channel body, and cooperate with the first screw (704) and the second screw (705) to realize transmission assembly.

10. The two-in-one controllable flow self-cleaning soil erosion monitoring system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The filter screen pore size of the outer wall of the inverted conical sand blocking device (3) is 0.5~0.6mm, and the filter screen (401) pore size of the outer periphery of the suspension flow controller (4) is 0.07~0.08mm; the lower ends of the guide holes (7011) of the left and right chambers of the three-chamber water guide channel (701) are all fixedly connected to aluminum alloy short pipes (7012), and the end of each aluminum alloy short pipe (7012) away from the guide hole (7011) is equipped with a drainage hose (7013).

Images