Polarized light meteorological rainfall intensity monitoring equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological monitoring equipment, and discloses polarized light meteorological rainfall intensity monitoring equipment which comprises a supporting rod, a radar mounting frame is fixedly mounted on the side face of the top of the supporting rod, a radar outer shell is fixedly mounted in the radar mounting frame, and a placement frame is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the radar outer shell. A dual-polarization laser radar is fixedly installed on the inner side of the placing frame, a light-transmitting window is formed in the top of the radar outer shell, a light-transmitting film, a transmission mechanism used for driving the light-transmitting film to move along the annular path of the light-transmitting film and a tensioning mechanism used for tensioning and flattening the light-transmitting film are arranged in the radar outer shell, and the path of the light-transmitting film covers the light-transmitting window. According to the invention, automatic control is carried out through the master controller according to radar signal attenuation, and it is ensured that laser passes through a brand-new and absolutely-clean film band area with stable optical performance during observation each time. The fundamental problems of signal attenuation, polarization state change and the like caused by the fact that pollutants such as rain, snow, ice, dust, insects and the like are attached to the fixed window are thoroughly solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of meteorological monitoring equipment technology, specifically to polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Dual-polarization micropulse lidar has become one of the core devices in modern meteorological, hydrological, and environmental monitoring networks. It emits linearly polarized micropulse lasers into the atmosphere and receives backscattered signals from clouds, precipitation particles, and aerosols. In particular, by analyzing their depolarization characteristics, it can identify precipitation phases (rain, snow, graupel, hail) in real time, measure precipitation intensity and particle spectrum distribution, and provide vertical profile information of atmospheric condensates. To achieve high-precision quantitative measurements, this equipment requires its optical transmission and reception channels to have excellent signal-to-noise ratio and stability.

[0003] Due to the continuous requirements of precipitation monitoring, these radars are typically installed in a fixed, vertically upward configuration to enable unattended, all-weather observation of the atmospheric column in the zenith direction. However, this installation method also means that its optical window (i.e., the light-transmitting cover protecting the internal precision lens assembly) is constantly exposed to the variable and harsh outdoor environment.

[0004] Currently, the industry mainly adopts the following active or passive solutions to address external pollution problems, but all of them have significant limitations: I. Proactive External Cleaning Solution Compressed air purging system: A ring of jet nozzles is deployed around the optical window to form an air curtain to block and blow away falling raindrops and snowflakes. This method is effective for light to moderate precipitation, but it is energy-intensive and its effectiveness drops sharply in heavy precipitation, sticky raindrops, or when a water film has already formed. It cannot prevent the final adhesion of contaminants to the window surface.

[0005] Mechanical wiper system: Miniature wipers are used to clean the window periodically. Its main drawbacks are: (1) there are blind spots in cleaning, making it difficult to clean thoroughly; (2) when the window is icy or there are hard particles (such as sand and dust), the wiper may fail or even scratch the expensive optical coating; (3) the wiping action itself will temporarily block the light path and interfere with continuous observation.

[0006] Electric heating defrosting / ice removal system: This system integrates a heating film or resistance wire into the window to melt ice and snow. However, this solution is limited in function and can only handle condensed contaminants. It is ineffective against solid contaminants such as dust, dirt, and insect remains. Furthermore, prolonged heating may accelerate the aging of the window material and cause thermal noise interference.

[0007] II. Passive Protection Solution Protective shields and hydrophobic / oleophobic coatings: These solutions reduce contaminant buildup through aerodynamic design and allow water droplets to roll off easily. However, this is a passive preventative measure and cannot address severe pollution that has already occurred. Furthermore, the coatings gradually deteriorate under UV radiation and abrasion from wind and sand, requiring regular recoating, which is inconvenient.

[0008] As can be seen from the existing technologies described above, their core approach revolves around "how to clean the same fixed exposed optical interface without removing the source of contamination." This paradigm leads to the following fundamental technical contradictions and unresolved issues: Incomplete cleaning and risk of secondary contamination: No external cleaning action can guarantee that the window will be 100% restored to its initial optical cleanliness. Residual micro-contaminants (such as thin water films and oil stains) can still significantly affect the transmission and reflection characteristics of polarized lasers, introducing measurement errors that are difficult to calibrate. Scraping or airflow may also spread contaminants to a wider area.

[0009] Reliability is dependent on the environment: the effectiveness of cleaning systems is highly dependent on external environmental conditions. Extreme weather such as strong winds, freezing rain, and sandstorms are often when pollutants are most severe, which may lead to purging failure, scraper freezing, or insufficient heating power.

[0010] Interference with maintenance operations: Whether it is the obstruction caused by the scraping action or the airflow vibration caused by strong purging, it will briefly interrupt or interfere with the normal detection signal during the cleaning period, thus destroying the integrity of the data time series.

[0011] High long-term maintenance costs: The above system requires regular inspection, replacement of consumables (such as scrapers), replenishment of gas, and repair of failed coatings, resulting in high maintenance costs throughout the entire life cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device includes a support rod. A radar mounting frame and a solar panel mounting frame are fixedly installed on the side of the top of the support rod. A radar housing is fixedly installed inside the radar mounting frame. A placement frame is fixedly installed inside the radar housing. A dual-polarization lidar is fixedly installed inside the placement frame. A light-transmitting window is opened at the top of the radar housing. A light-transmitting film, a transmission mechanism for driving the light-transmitting film to move along its annular path, and a tensioning mechanism for tensioning and flattening the light-transmitting film are arranged inside the radar housing. The light-transmitting film path covers the light-transmitting window. A solar panel and a cleaning mechanism are fixedly installed at the top of the solar panel mounting frame. A control box is fixedly installed on the outside of the support rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a first motor, which is fixedly installed on the side of the radar housing. Two sets of drive gears are fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first motor. The two sets of drive gears are respectively connected to driven gears via transmission belts. A drive roller is fixedly installed inside the driven gear, and the drive roller is fixedly connected to the light-transmitting film.

[0015] Furthermore, a guide roller is rotatably connected inside the radar housing. There are two drive rollers and two guide rollers, which are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the radar housing. The axis of the guide roller is parallel to the axis of the drive roller, which is used to guide the light-transmitting film to move smoothly.

[0016] Furthermore, the light-transmitting film is an optical polymer film.

[0017] Furthermore, the tensioning mechanism includes a placement platform, which is fixedly installed inside the radar housing and located below the light-transmitting window. The placement platform has a vacuum channel machined inside, and a number of micro-holes are opened on the upper surface of the placement platform. The diameter of the micro-holes is 0.05-0.5mm, and a miniature vacuum pump is fixedly installed at the bottom of the placement platform.

[0018] Furthermore, a mounting bracket is fixedly installed on the side of the dual-polarization lidar, and a first threaded hole is opened inside the mounting bracket. A second threaded hole that matches the first threaded hole is opened on the side of the mounting bracket, and a fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole.

[0019] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism includes a first support frame, which is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting frame. A second motor is fixedly installed on the side of the first support frame. A lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor. A movable plate is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lead screw. A flexible scraper is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the movable plate, and the flexible scraper abuts against the solar panel.

[0020] Furthermore, a second support frame is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting frame and on the side away from the first support frame. A limit rod is fixedly installed inside the second support frame, and the movable plate is slidably connected to the limit rod.

[0021] Furthermore, a solar charge controller, a DC-DC converter, and a battery are fixedly installed inside the control box, and the solar charge controller is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter, the battery, and the solar panel.

[0022] Furthermore, a main controller is fixedly installed inside the control box, and a touch screen is fixedly installed on the outside of the main controller. The main controller is electrically connected to the dual-polarization lidar, the transmission mechanism, the tensioning mechanism, the cleaning mechanism, and the solar charging controller. The main controller automatically controls the transmission mechanism to switch the effective area of ​​the light-transmitting film, the tensioning mechanism to start vacuum adsorption, and controls the cleaning mechanism to start and stop according to the power generation efficiency data of the solar panel, based on the polarization signal attenuation fed back by the dual-polarization lidar.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention features a unique "movable light-transmitting membrane + vacuum tensioning and flattening" system. Through a central controller, it automatically controls the system based on radar signal attenuation, ensuring that the laser passes through a completely new, absolutely clean, and optically stable membrane zone for each observation. This completely solves the fundamental problems of signal attenuation and polarization state changes caused by pollutants such as rain, snow, ice, dust, and insects adhering to a fixed window. This allows for precipitation type identification and intensity inversion accuracy to reach laboratory calibration levels. Furthermore, the switching process of the light-transmitting membrane is automatically completed under the coordination of the controller (release-movement-tensioning), taking extremely short time (milliseconds), achieving seamless maintenance. Compared to traditional scraping or purging methods that cause observation interruptions or interference, this equipment provides truly continuous, uninterrupted high-temporal-resolution data sequences, which is crucial for capturing rapidly evolving weather processes such as short-duration heavy precipitation.

[0024] 2. The light-transmitting film of this invention adopts a disposable design, providing a service life of up to several years through an ultra-long roll. Maintenance is simplified from the traditional "frequent climbing and manual wiping of precision optical components" to "once every few years, quick replacement of the film roll module." This greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs, personnel risks, and reliance on professional skills, making it particularly suitable for harsh environments such as high mountains and islands.

[0025] 3. This invention equips the solar panels with an independent automated cleaning mechanism, which is intelligently triggered by the central controller based on power generation efficiency data. This ensures the continuous high efficiency of the power supply system in environments such as sandstorms and snow accumulation, guaranteeing the long-term stable operation of the entire equipment from the energy source, and forming a fully autonomous maintenance capability across the entire chain of "sensing-power supply-observation".

[0026] 4. This invention highly integrates a dual-polarization lidar, a self-cleaning optical window, and an intelligent power supply and control system into a modular unit that can be easily installed on standard support poles (such as streetlight poles and communication poles). This design significantly reduces deployment costs and site requirements, facilitating the rapid construction of high-density observation networks in urban areas, along transportation routes, and in remote regions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the radar housing and dual-polarization lidar of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the radar housing of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the radar housing of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the radar housing of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the control box of the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals: 1. Support rod; 2. Radar mounting bracket; 3. Radar housing; 4. Placement rack; 5. Dual-polarization lidar; 6. Fixing bracket; 7. First threaded hole; 8. Second threaded hole; 9. Fixing bolt; 10. Light-transmitting window; 11. Light-transmitting film; 12. Transmission mechanism; 1201. First motor; 1202. Drive gear; 1203. Driven gear; 1204. Drive roller; 1205. Guide roller; 13. Tensioning mechanism; 1301. Placement platform ; 1302, Miniature vacuum pump; 14, Solar panel mounting bracket; 15, Solar panel; 16, Cleaning mechanism; 1601, First support frame; 1602, Second motor; 1603, Lead screw; 1604, Movable plate; 1605, Flexible scraper; 1606, Second support frame; 1607, Limiting rod; 17, Control box; 18, Solar charge controller; 19, DC-DC converter; 20, Battery; 21, Main controller; 22, Touch screen. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0031] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0032] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.

[0034] Figures 1-8 This is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is described below in conjunction with... Figures 1-8 The present invention will be further described below.

[0035] A polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device includes a support rod 1. The support rod 1 has a radar mounting frame 2 and a solar panel mounting frame 14 fixedly installed on its top side. A radar housing 3 is fixedly installed inside the radar mounting frame 2. A placement frame 4 is fixedly installed inside the radar housing 3. A dual-polarization laser radar 5 is fixedly installed inside the placement frame 4. A light-transmitting window 10 is opened at the top of the radar housing 3. The radar housing 3 contains a light-transmitting film 11, a transmission mechanism 12 for driving the light-transmitting film 11 along its annular path, and a tensioning mechanism 13 for tensioning and flattening the light-transmitting film 11. The path of the light-transmitting film 11 covers the light-transmitting window 10. A solar panel 15 and a cleaning mechanism 16 are fixedly installed at the top of the solar panel mounting frame 14. A control box 17 is fixedly installed on the outside of the support rod 1. Specifically, the transmission mechanism 12 and the tensioning mechanism 13 ensure that the laser passes through a completely new, absolutely clean, and optically stable film strip area during each observation.

[0036] The transmission mechanism 12 includes a first motor 1201, which is fixedly installed on the side of the radar housing 3. The output shaft of the first motor 1201 is fixedly installed with two sets of driving gears 1202. The two sets of driving gears 1202 are respectively connected to driven gears 1203 through transmission belts. Drive rollers 1204 are fixedly installed inside the driven gears 1203. The drive rollers 1204 are fixedly connected to the light-transmitting film 11. Specifically, the transmission mechanism 12 adopts a "single motor, dual driving gears 1202 + dual driven gears 1203 linkage" design. Only one power source is needed to synchronously drive the two sets of drive rollers 1204 to drive the light-transmitting film 11 to move smoothly. This not only simplifies the mechanical structure and reduces energy consumption and failure risk, but also ensures the accurate movement trajectory of the light-transmitting film 11 through symmetrical transmission, avoiding film surface offset or wrinkles, and ensuring the switching reliability and optical path stability of the effective film surface at the light-transmitting window 10.

[0037] Inside the radar housing 3, there is a rotating guide roller 1205. There are two drive rollers 1204 and two guide rollers 1205, which are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the radar housing 3. The axis of the guide roller 1205 is parallel to the axis of the drive roller 1204. This design guides the light-transmitting film 11 to move smoothly. Specifically, the two sets of drive rollers 1204 and guide rollers 1205 arranged symmetrically form a cooperative guiding structure. The parallel axis arrangement ensures that the light-transmitting film 11 is subjected to balanced force, effectively avoiding deviation, twisting or jamming during movement. At the same time, the symmetrical layout is aligned with the center line of the radar housing 3, so that the light-transmitting film 11 always accurately covers the light-transmitting window 10 after switching, ensuring the consistency of the optical path transmission of the dual polarization lidar 5 and further improving the detection accuracy.

[0038] The light-transmitting film 11 has high light transmittance (≥95%) and low birefringence (birefringence coefficient ≤1×10⁻⁶). -4 The weather-resistant optical polymer film, specifically, the material selection and design of the light-transmitting film 11 are precisely matched to the core requirements of polarized light detection. Its high transmittance of ≥95% minimizes laser energy loss and ensures the strength of the detection signal; ≤1×10 -4 Its low birefringence properties prevent polarization distortion, ensuring the accuracy of polarization parameter measurements. Meanwhile, the weather-resistant material is suitable for complex outdoor environments, resisting rain, snow, dust, and extreme temperatures, extending the membrane's lifespan, reducing replacement frequency, and ensuring long-term stable equipment operation.

[0039] The tensioning mechanism 13 includes a placement platform 1301, which is fixedly installed inside the radar housing 3 and located below the light-transmitting window 10. The placement platform 1301 has a vacuum channel machined inside, and several micro-holes with a diameter of 0.05-0.5mm are opened on the upper surface of the placement platform 1301. A micro vacuum pump 1302 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the placement platform 1301. Specifically, the tensioning mechanism 13 adopts a vacuum adsorption design. The 0.05-0.5mm micro-holes combined with the vacuum channel can uniformly apply adsorption force, so that the light-transmitting film 11 is tightly attached to the placement platform 1301 without local wrinkles, ensuring the flatness of the optical path transmission. The adsorption method driven by the micro vacuum pump 1302 has a rapid response and controllable tension force, which not only avoids mechanical compression damage to the light-transmitting film 11, but also adapts to the rapid tensioning requirements after the light-transmitting film 11 is switched, further improving the stability and accuracy of polarization detection.

[0040] A mounting bracket 6 is fixedly installed on the side of the dual-polarization lidar 5. The mounting bracket 6 has a first threaded hole 7 inside, and a second threaded hole 8, which matches the first threaded hole 7, is opened on the side of the mounting frame 4. A fixing bolt 9 is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole 7 and the second threaded hole 8. Specifically, this fixing structure adopts a combination design of mounting bracket 6 + threaded hole + fixing bolt 9, achieving detachable and precise installation of the dual-polarization lidar 5. It boasts high positioning accuracy and a stable connection, effectively resisting vibration interference under complex working conditions such as strong outdoor winds, ensuring that the radar optical path is always aligned with the light-transmitting window. Furthermore, disassembly and assembly require no special tools, facilitating subsequent maintenance, calibration, or replacement of the lidar, reducing the difficulty and cost of on-site operation and maintenance.

[0041] The cleaning mechanism 16 includes a first support frame 1601, which is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting frame 14. A second motor 1602 is fixedly installed on the side of the first support frame 1601. The output shaft of the second motor 1602 is fixedly connected to a lead screw 1603. A movable plate 1604 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lead screw 1603. A flexible scraper 1605 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the movable plate 1604. The flexible scraper 1605 abuts against the solar panel 15. Specifically, the cleaning mechanism 16 adopts a motor + lead screw 1603 drive method, which provides smooth transmission and high displacement accuracy. It can drive the flexible scraper 1605 to uniformly sweep across the surface of the solar panel 15, cleaning without dead corners. The design of the flexible scraper 1605 can efficiently remove dust, fallen leaves and other obstructions, while avoiding scratching the surface coating of the solar panel 15, ensuring stable power generation efficiency. At the same time, it has a compact structure, is easy to install, and is suitable for long-term unattended outdoor use scenarios.

[0042] A second support frame 1606 is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting bracket 14, away from the first support frame 1601. A limit rod 1607 is fixedly installed inside the second support frame 1606. The movable plate 1604 is slidably connected to the limit rod 1607. Specifically, this design forms a guiding constraint structure through the second support frame 1606 and the limit rod 1607, which works in conjunction with the transmission of the lead screw 1603 to effectively limit the rotational freedom of the movable plate 1604, ensuring that the flexible scraper 1605 always moves smoothly along a straight line. At the same time, the symmetrical support and guiding layout improves the structural rigidity of the cleaning mechanism 16, avoiding the problem of deviation or jamming of the flexible scraper 1605 during operation, and ensuring that the cleaning effect of the solar panel 15 is uniform.

[0043] The control box 17 houses a solar charge controller 18, a DC-DC converter 19, and a battery 20. The solar charge controller 18 is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter 19, the battery 20, and the solar panel 15. Specifically, this design achieves efficient collection, voltage regulation, and stable storage of solar energy through the coordinated operation of the solar charge controller 18, the DC-DC converter 19, and the battery 20. This maximizes the utilization of solar energy resources, ensuring long-term operation of the equipment in outdoor scenarios without mains power, while also preventing voltage fluctuations from damaging precision components such as radar and motors, thus improving the overall reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0044] The control box 17 also houses a main controller 21, with a touchscreen 22 fixedly mounted on its exterior. The main controller 21 is electrically connected to the dual-polarization lidar 5, transmission mechanism 12, tensioning mechanism 13, cleaning mechanism 16, and solar charge controller 18. Based on the polarization signal attenuation feedback from the dual-polarization lidar 5, the main controller 21 automatically controls the transmission mechanism 12 to switch the effective area of ​​the light-transmitting film 11, the tensioning mechanism 13 to initiate vacuum adsorption, and the cleaning mechanism 16 to start and stop based on the power generation efficiency data of the solar panel 15. Specifically, this design achieves intelligent autonomous operation of the equipment through the linkage control of the main controller 21 and various functional modules: automatically switching the light-transmitting film 11 and initiating vacuum tensioning based on the polarization signal attenuation to ensure detection accuracy; and starting and stopping the cleaning mechanism 16 based on power generation efficiency data to improve energy utilization. Simultaneously, the touchscreen 22 facilitates manual intervention and parameter adjustment, balancing automation and operability, and significantly reducing maintenance costs in unattended field scenarios.

[0045] Working principle and usage process of this invention: I. Core Working Principle High-precision detection and pollution self-sensing principle: Core detection: The dual-polarization lidar 5 continuously emits linearly polarized lasers of specific wavelengths into the sky and receives backscattered signals from clouds and precipitation particles. By analyzing the intensity of the echo signals, Doppler shift, and the crucial depolarization ratio, the phase state (rain, snow, hail, etc.), size distribution, and falling velocity of precipitation particles can be determined in real time, thereby calculating precipitation intensity and accumulation.

[0046] Self-sensing trigger: During the detection process, the main controller 21 monitors the radar's key signal indicators in real time (such as the echo intensity of near-field fixed targets or the intensity of atmospheric molecular scattering signals at a specific altitude). When these signals show continuous attenuation due to non-meteorological reasons, it can be determined that the current working area of ​​the light-transmitting film 11 covering the light-transmitting window 10 has been contaminated (with raindrops, dust, frost, etc.), resulting in laser energy loss. At this time, the system automatically generates a "window needs to be updated" command.

[0047] The principle of optical window self-renewal (core innovation): Coordinated Action: Upon receiving the update command, the main controller 21 initiates the preset "window update program". First, the miniature vacuum pump 1302 controlling the tensioning mechanism 13 stops working, releasing the vacuum suction force.

[0048] Precise transmission: Subsequently, the first motor 1201 of the control transmission mechanism 12 starts, and through the symmetrical transmission chain composed of the driving gear 1202, the transmission belt and the driven gear 1203, it precisely drives the two sets of drive rollers 1204 to rotate synchronously.

[0049] Membrane belt switching: The drive roller 1204 drives the annular light-transmitting membrane 11 to move smoothly along its preset path (guided by the guide roller 1205) by a predetermined step length (e.g., 10 cm). This causes the contaminated membrane belt area to be removed from the working area, and a pre-reserved, clean membrane belt area is pulled to directly below the light-transmitting window 10.

[0050] Flattening and locking: After the movement is completed, the first motor 1201 stops. The main controller 21 immediately starts the micro vacuum pump 1302, which generates a uniform negative pressure through the vacuum channel inside the placement platform 1301 and the surface micropores, tightly and flatly adsorbing the newly placed clean membrane onto the platform, completely eliminating wrinkles and forming a new "temporary window" with perfect optical performance.

[0051] Effect: This process is completed automatically within seconds, and the observation interruption time of the lidar is extremely short, thus achieving "unobtrusive" maintenance of the optical window and ensuring the continuity and high accuracy of the detection data.

[0052] Energy self-sustaining and self-cleaning principle: Intelligent power supply: Solar panel 15 converts light energy into electrical energy. Solar charge controller 18 (usually MPPT type) charges battery 20 with maximum efficiency and provides stable and compatible voltages for the entire system (radar, controller, motor, etc.) through DC-DC converter 19.

[0053] Power generation self-monitoring: The main controller 21 continuously monitors the output power of the solar panel 15 or the charging current of the battery 20. When the power generation efficiency is consistently lower than the set threshold, it is determined that the surface of the solar panel 15 may be covered by dust or snow.

[0054] Automatic cleaning: At this time, the main controller 21 controls the second motor 1602 of the cleaning mechanism 16 to start, drive the lead screw 1603 to rotate, and drive the movable plate 1604 and the flexible scraper 1605 on it to sweep across the entire surface of the solar panel 15 at a uniform speed along the guide of the limit rod 1607, remove the obstructions and restore its power generation efficiency.

[0055] Modularity and stability principles: The dual-polarization lidar 5 is securely connected to the mounting frame 4 via the mounting bracket 6 and fixing bolts 9, ensuring the alignment accuracy and stability of the core sensor in outdoor vibration environments.

[0056] The entire system is integrated on support rod 1, with a compact structure that facilitates rapid deployment in various locations.

[0057] II. Equipment Usage Procedure (a) Deployment and initialization process On-site installation: Secure the assembled equipment (support rod 1 and all upper components) to the foundation at the observation point. Adjust support rod 1 to a vertical position.

[0058] Power on the system: Connect all cables and close the power switch inside control box 17. The system will begin self-testing.

[0059] Parameter settings: Log in to the management interface via touch screen 22 to set the geographical location, time, data communication parameters (such as 4G / 5G transmission destination), and key thresholds (such as the pollution trigger threshold of the light-transmitting film 11, the cleaning trigger threshold of the solar panel 15, and the warning value of the remaining amount of film strip, etc.).

[0060] Startup: After completing the setup, activate the automatic observation mode. The equipment will begin operating, with the radar performing vertical detection and data being transmitted back to the monitoring center in real time.

[0061] (II) Fully Automated Daily Operation Process (Unattended Operation) Routine monitoring: The dual-polarization lidar 5 continuously detects data, which is then processed and transmitted to the cloud via its built-in communication module. A solar power system provides continuous power.

[0062] Smart Window Update: When the radar signal indicates that the window contamination reaches the threshold, the main controller 21 executes the "window update procedure" and the light-transmitting film 11 automatically switches. The system status is recorded and uploaded to the "maintenance event log".

[0063] This process is completely automatic and runs in a loop.

[0064] Smart energy maintenance: When the solar power generation efficiency is detected to be consistently low, the main controller 21 will activate the cleaning mechanism 16 at a suitable time during the day (such as noon). The flexible scraper 1605 will complete one round trip or round trip cleaning. After cleaning is completed, the system will continue to monitor the power generation efficiency.

[0065] Status Alert: The main controller 21 calculates the remaining usable length of the light-transmitting film 11 in real time. When the remaining length is less than 10%, it automatically sends a warning message to the monitoring center: "Consumables are about to run out, please prepare for replacement."

[0066] Meanwhile, the system continuously monitors the battery charge, internal temperature and humidity of the equipment, and issues an alarm when abnormalities occur.

[0067] (III) Maintenance Process Planned maintenance: Upon receiving a warning that the membrane tape is depleted, maintenance personnel will rush to the site with a new roll module (or the entire radar housing 3) pre-installed with the light-transmitting membrane 11.

[0068] Quick Replacement: Enter "maintenance mode" via touchscreen 22 or remote command.

[0069] Open the maintenance hatch of radar housing 3, loosen the fixing device of the old reel, and remove the old module.

[0070] Install the new module, confirm that it is installed in place, and close the hatch.

[0071] Reset the film strip usage length counter on touchscreen 22 and exit "maintenance mode".

[0072] Routine inspection: Maintenance personnel can also check the condition of solar panels 15, structural fasteners, etc., making the whole process efficient and quick.

[0073] (iv) Data application process The monitoring center continuously receives advanced data products from the equipment, such as precipitation particle spectrum, precipitation type, precipitation intensity, and cloud base height, which are directly applied to: Short-term weather forecasts: provide minute-level observational data for warnings of rainstorms, hail, etc.

[0074] Hydrological models: serving as high-precision inputs to improve the accuracy of flood forecasts.

[0075] Aviation and Traffic Safety: Provides real-time information on precipitation phases along airports and highways.

[0076] Climate research: providing long-term, continuous, and high-quality observational data on precipitation microphysical processes.

[0077] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device, comprising a support rod (1), characterized in that: A radar mounting bracket (2) and a solar panel mounting bracket (14) are fixedly installed on the side of the top of the support rod (1). A radar housing (3) is fixedly installed inside the radar mounting bracket (2). A placement bracket (4) is fixedly installed on the inside of the radar housing (3). A dual-polarization laser radar (5) is fixedly installed on the inside of the placement bracket (4). A light-transmitting window (10) is opened on the top of the radar housing (3). A light-transmitting film (11), a transmission mechanism (12) for driving the light-transmitting film (11) to move along its annular path and a tensioning mechanism (13) for tensioning and flattening the light-transmitting film (11) are provided inside the radar housing (3). The path of the light-transmitting film (11) covers the light-transmitting window (10). A solar panel (15) and a cleaning mechanism (16) are fixedly installed on the top of the solar panel mounting bracket (14). A control box (17) is fixedly installed on the outside of the support rod (1).

2. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (12) includes a first motor (1201), which is fixedly installed on the side of the radar housing (3). The output shaft of the first motor (1201) is fixedly installed with two sets of driving gears (1202). The two sets of driving gears (1202) are respectively connected to driven gears (1203) via transmission belts. A drive roller (1204) is fixedly installed inside the driven gear (1203). The drive roller (1204) is fixedly connected to the light-transmitting film (11).

3. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radar housing (3) is internally connected to a guide roller (1205). There are two drive rollers (1204) and two guide rollers (1205). They are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the radar housing (3) as the axis of symmetry. The axis of the guide roller (1205) is parallel to the axis of the drive roller (1204) to guide the light-transmitting film (11) to move smoothly.

4. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-transmitting film (11) is an optical polymer film.

5. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioning mechanism (13) includes a placement platform (1301), which is fixedly installed inside the radar housing (3) and located below the light-transmitting window (10). The placement platform (1301) has a vacuum channel inside. The upper surface of the placement platform (1301) has several micro-holes with a diameter of 0.05-0.5 mm. A micro vacuum pump (1302) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the placement platform (1301).

6. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-polarization laser radar (5) is fixedly mounted on a mounting bracket (6). The mounting bracket (6) has a first threaded hole (7) inside. The mounting bracket (4) has a second threaded hole (8) on its side that matches the first threaded hole (7). The first threaded hole (7) and the second threaded hole (8) are connected by a fixing bolt (9) with internal threads.

7. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (16) includes a first support frame (1601), which is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting frame (14). A second motor (1602) is fixedly installed on the side of the first support frame (1601). A lead screw (1603) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor (1602). A movable plate (1604) is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lead screw (1603). A flexible scraper (1605) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the movable plate (1604). The flexible scraper (1605) abuts against the solar panel (15).

8. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second support frame (1606) is fixedly installed on the side of the solar panel mounting bracket (14) away from the first support frame (1601). A limit rod (1607) is fixedly installed inside the second support frame (1606). The movable plate (1604) is slidably connected to the limit rod (1607).

9. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box (17) is internally equipped with a solar charge controller (18), a DC-DC converter (19) and a battery (20). The solar charge controller (18) is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter (19), the battery (20) and the solar panel (15).

10. The polarized light meteorological precipitation intensity monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control box (17) is also fixedly installed with a main controller (21). The main controller (21) is fixedly installed with a touch screen (22) on the outside. The main controller (21) is electrically connected to the dual polarization laser radar (5), the transmission mechanism (12), the tensioning mechanism (13), the cleaning mechanism (16) and the solar charging controller (18). The main controller (21) automatically controls the transmission mechanism (12) to switch the effective area of ​​the light-transmitting film (11) and the tensioning mechanism (13) to start vacuum adsorption according to the polarization signal attenuation fed back by the dual polarization laser radar (5). It also controls the cleaning mechanism (16) to start and stop according to the power generation efficiency data of the solar panel (15).

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