Method and apparatus for enabling frequency layers for positioning

Abstract

A method for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). The method comprises: receiving, from a network, configuration information indicating: a plurality of frequency layers for positioning reference signals; and at least one activated frequency layer among the plurality of frequency layers. The frequency layers may be associated with one or more carriers for data transmission, wherein the carrier is co-located with: a frequency layer for location associated with the carrier; and a bandwidth portion (BWP) within a carrier for data transmission. The WTRU may receive, from the network, activation / deactivation information indicating activation / deactivation of any one of a secondary cell (SCell) and a BWP. The WTRU may transmit information indicating, for example, a set of frequency layers for positioning, wherein the set of frequency layers is enabled according to any of: an accuracy requirement, a latency, a measured RSRP for a frequency layer, and a measured CSI-RS corresponding to a BWP as thresholds.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 202280076940.1, filed on October 14, 2022, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Activating a Frequency Layer for Positioning," which is the Chinese national phase application of international application PCT / US2022 / 078095, filed on October 14, 2022. This international application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 257,330, filed on October 19, 2021; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 308.118, filed on February 9, 2022; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 334,826, filed on April 26, 2022; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 395,951, filed on August 8, 2022. The full disclosures of these U.S. Provisional Patent Applications are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for wireless transmitting and / or receiving units (WTRUs) in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0003] This disclosure relates to determining the location of a Wireless Transmitter / Receiver Unit (WTRU), and for example, by using a Location Reference Signal (PRS) having or incorporating a frequency layer concept. For a PRS configuration, the frequency layer can be a highest or first-level configuration, and the Transmitter / Receiver Point (TRP) can be a resource set of a lower or second-level configuration. In the case of conventional wireless networks, a conventional WTRU is configured to operate at up to four frequency layers. However, such a conventional WTRU can only handle one frequency during measurements performed to determine the WTRU's location, while different positioning methods can be used on the corresponding frequency layers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with multiple frequency layers. One or more (or each) frequency layer can be associated with one or more carriers, cells, and / or bandwidth portions used for data transmission. The WTRU can be triggered to enable one or more frequency layers for positioning. Triggering to enable the frequency layers for positioning can include various combinations of detected triggers.

[0005] Examples of triggers for enabling a frequency layer for positioning may include the activation / deactivation state of a configured secondary cell (SCell) associated with the frequency layer. Example triggers for enabling a frequency layer for positioning may include a given bandwidth portion associated with the activated frequency layer. In embodiments, triggers for enabling a frequency layer for positioning may include one or more requirements for the frequency layer to meet positioning services. In embodiments, triggers may include, for example, the quality of the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) when the measurement quality is above a set threshold. The WTRU may utilize combinations of triggers for enabling a given frequency layer for positioning.

[0006] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to receive configuration information from the network indicating multiple frequency layers for positioning measurements. At least one frequency layer may be associated with a first cell or a first configuration bandwidth portion (BWP), and at least one second frequency layer may be associated with a second BWP or a second cell. The WTRU can activate the second cell, where the second BWP is active. The WTRU can further perform a first measurement associated with one or more positioning PRS transmissions in the first frequency layer associated with the first cell or the first BWP. The WTRU can perform a second measurement associated with one or more PRS transmissions in the second frequency layer associated with the second cell or the second BWP based on the first measurement result in the first frequency layer being below a threshold. The WTRU can further send a measurement report including at least one of the first or second measurement and an indication of the frequency layer associated with the measurement.

[0007] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to utilize multiple measurement gaps (MGs). Each measurement gap can be associated with a set of one or more frequency layers. The duration or length of an MG can depend on (e.g., associated with) one or more of the following: the total bandwidth of the enabled frequency layers, the parameter set of the enabled frequency layers, and / or the number of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request an MG from a pre-configured set of MGs based on the enabled set of frequency layers. The duration of the MG requested by the WTRU can depend on one or more of the following: the total bandwidth of the enabled frequency layers, the parameter set of the enabled frequency layers, and / or the number of enabled frequency layers.

[0008] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to request one or more MGs associated with a set of aggregated frequency layers. The WTRU can be configured to activate and / or deactivate frequency layer aggregation. According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU is configured to request MGs associated with aggregated frequency layers, the WTRU can activate or deactivate frequency layer aggregation based on various conditions. According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU can activate or deactivate frequency layer aggregation, activation or deactivation can be based on the acquisition of channels in unlicensed spectrum.

[0009] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine the parameters for hop-based measurements based on the PRS priority level and channel conditions such as Doppler shift. For example, the WTRU receives PRS configuration from the network and configurations associated with the priority sorting window (e.g., the PRS priority level). Further, association rules between measurement parameters (e.g., repetition count) and channel conditions, along with Doppler shift information of the channel, can be provided from the Location Management Function (LMF). If the PRS priority level is high, the WTRU can determine the measurement mode and whether hop-based measurements are enabled. When hop-based measurements are enabled, the WTRU determines the hop parameters based on the Doppler shift information and association rules (e.g., the repetition count in the Doppler shift-based measurement). If the PRS priority level is low, hop-based measurements are disabled, and the WTRU performs measurements on the default bandwidth. Thereafter, the WTRU receives the PRS and performs measurements according to the hop measurement mode (e.g., RSRP, RSTD).

[0010] In the implementation, the WTRU can be configured to maintain measurement / monitoring of PRS within the deactivated frequency layer until the timer expires. The WTRU can select the positioning method for each frequency layer based on the frequency band of the activated frequency layer, the bandwidth of the activated frequency layer, and / or the expected duration of the deactivated frequency layer. Attached Figure Description

[0011] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description, which is given by way of example in conjunction with its accompanying drawings. As with the detailed description, the figures in such drawings are exemplary. Therefore, the drawings and specific embodiments should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and contemplated. Additionally, similar reference numerals ("ref.") in the drawings ("Figures") indicate similar elements, and wherein: Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system that can be implemented in one or more of the disclosed embodiments; Figure 1B This illustrates that, according to one implementation scheme, it is possible to Figure 1AA system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used within the communication system shown; Figure 1C This illustrates that, according to one implementation scheme, it is possible to Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the communication system shown; Figure 1D This illustrates that, according to one implementation scheme, it is possible to Figure 1A A system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used in the communication system shown; Figure 2 It is a diagram showing the resource configuration including the frequency layer; Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the relationship between CC, BWP, and frequency layer according to the implementation scheme; Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the use of multiple frequency layers according to the implementation scheme; and Figure 5 It is a graph showing the various MG parameters associated with the frequency layers from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB, etc.).

[0012] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the frequency hopping mode and therefore the parameters.

[0013] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the jumps during measurements performed on the PRS.

[0014] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the jumps during the measurement performed on the PRS and the repetition of each jump, where mK = 2.

[0015] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the silent mode "10" of the PRS transition.

[0016] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the silent mode "1110" of the PRS transition.

[0017] Figure 11 This is an example of a process for enabling the frequency layer for positioning in WTRU. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the following description. Furthermore, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in place of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples expressly, implicitly, and / or inherently described, disclosed, or otherwise provided herein (collectively, the “Provided”).

[0019] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 that can be implemented in one or more of the disclosed embodiments. Communication system 100 can be a multiple access system providing content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. Communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, communication system 100 can employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word DFT Extended OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0020] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. As an example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile user units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0021] The communication system 100 may also include base stations 114a and / or 114b. Each of the base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. As an example, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), home Node Bs, home evolved Node Bs, next-generation Node Bs (gNBs), NR Node Bs, site controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0022] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies (which may be referred to as cells (not shown)). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of radio services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or changeable over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0023] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0024] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 / 113 may implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0025] In one implementation, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0026] In the implementation scheme, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use New Radio (NR) to establish air interface 116.

[0027] In one implementation, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can, for instance, use a dual connectivity (DC) principle to implement both LTE and NR radio access together. Therefore, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0028] In other implementations, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM Enhanced Data Rate Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN).

[0029] Figure 1ABase station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, a home evolution node B, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in localized areas such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for use by drones), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell base station. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN106 / 115.

[0030] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although not explicitly stated... Figure 1A As shown, but it should be understood that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113 which can utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that uses GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA or WiFi radio technology.

[0031] CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0032] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in communication system 100 may include multi-mode capability (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that can employ cellular-based radio technology and with a base station 114b that can employ IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0033] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmitting / receiving element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the implementation, WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements.

[0034] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0035] Transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0036] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While depicted as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmitting / receiving elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmitting / receiving elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0037] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As noted above, WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capability. For example, transceiver 120 may therefore include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via various RATs such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0038] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 is coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and can receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access information from any type of suitable memory (such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132) and store data in any type of suitable memory. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access information from memory not physically located on WTRU 102 (such as on a server or home computer (not shown)) and store data in that memory.

[0039] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell battery packs (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0040] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the implementation, the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method.

[0041] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral device 138 may include an accelerometer, electronic compass, satellite transceiver, digital camera (for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, vibration device, television transceiver, hands-free headset, Bluetooth.® Modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0042] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference through signal processing via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception))

[0043] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one implementation scheme. As noted above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0044] RAN 104 may include evolved Nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c; however, it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Nodes B while remaining consistent with the implementation scheme. Each evolved Node B 160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one implementation, evolved Nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, evolved Node B 160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0045] Each of the evolved nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, and user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, evolution nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0046] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0047] The MME 162 can connect to each of the evolved nodes B 162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can be used as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0048] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the evolved Nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 typically routes and forwards user data packets to and from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during inter-evolved Node B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0049] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which provides WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0050] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network (such as PSTN 108) to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108, or be able to communicate with such an IP gateway. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0051] Despite WTRU in Figures 1A to 1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative implementations, such a terminal may (e.g., temporarily or permanently) use a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0052] In a representative implementation, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0053] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS and destined for a STA can reach and be delivered to the STA via the AP. Traffic originating from a STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative implementations, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an access point (AP), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs within a STA) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as the "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0054] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative implementations, such as in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, each STA (including the AP) can listen to the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened to / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, that STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0055] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20MHz channels to form a 40MHz wide channel.

[0056] The Very High Throughput (VHT) STA supports channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80MHz channels (this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, data can be processed by a segment parser that can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data can be transmitted via the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to Media Access Control (MAC).

[0057] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. Compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac, 802.11af and 802.11ah reduce channel operating bandwidth and carrier. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative implementations, 802.11ah may support instrument-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support (e.g., only support) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0058] WLAN systems supporting multiple channels, and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include channels that can be designated as primary channels. A primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by STAs operating in the BSS (each supporting a minimum bandwidth operating mode). In the 802.11ah example, for STAs supporting (e.g., only supporting) a 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because an STA (supporting only the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and potentially available.

[0059] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0060] Figure 1DThis is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one implementation scheme. As noted above, RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 may also communicate with CN 115.

[0061] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the implementation. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one implementation, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Therefore, gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one implementation, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers (CCs) to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these CCs may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining CCs may be on licensed spectrum. In one implementation, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0062] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter sets. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary depending on different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute time lengths).

[0063] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, and also with other RANs (such as evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can be used as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0064] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0065] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0066] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can be used as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for: authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c; supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements); selecting specific SMF183a and 183b; managing registered areas; terminating Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling; mobility management, etc. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services that rely on Ultra-Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, services for Machine Type Communication (MTC) access, etc. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0067] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure traffic routing through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0068] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected via the N3 interface to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113. These gNBs can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0069] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108, or be able to communicate with such an IP gateway. Furthermore, CN 115 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to DNs 185a and 185b via UPFs 184a and 184b through their N3 interfaces and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and local data networks (DNs) 185a and 185b.

[0070] Given Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D The corresponding descriptions herein refer to one or more of the functions described below, or all of the functions described herein, which may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRU102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, Evolved Node B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other devices described herein. An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0071] Simulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0072] The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation devices may be used in test scenarios within a test laboratory and / or non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication networks to perform testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit system (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the simulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0073] A frequency layer can be considered as a concept and / or aspect of wireless and / or radio frequency (RF) communication for a location reference signal (PRS). A frequency layer can consist of any of a bandwidth, a center frequency, and (e.g., a corresponding) parameter set (e.g., it can be defined, referenced, configured, indicated, characterized, parameterized, and / or may include, have, or have any of the bandwidth, center frequency, and parameter set, etc.). For example, a WTRU may be configured with a frequency layer consisting of a bandwidth, a center frequency, and a corresponding parameter set (e.g., defined / referenced). A frequency layer can be considered as (e.g., may include) a wireless network / communication resource configured and / or allocated, for example, regarding wireless communication between wireless devices.

[0074] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the resource configuration, including the frequency layer. Figure 2 Within this framework, any number of Transmit / Receive Points (TRPs) can be associated with a frequency layer, and any number of PRS sets (e.g., PRS configurations) can be associated with a TRP. In the case of conventional wireless (e.g., 3GPP-defined) positioning systems, a conventional WTRU configured with up to four frequency layers processes only one frequency during measurement (e.g., for positioning). Furthermore, in this case, different frequency layers can be used by the conventional WTRU for different positioning methods. For example, positioning using the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) method can be based on the first frequency layer, while positioning using the Round-Trip Time (RTT) method can be based on the second frequency layer.

[0075] Downlink (DL) positioning methods can be (e.g., referring to) any positioning method that uses a DL reference signal such as a PRS. In such a DL positioning method, the WTRU receives multiple reference signals from one or more transmit points (TPs) and performs DL measurements, such as RSTD, Received Reference Signal Power (RSRP), etc. Examples of DL positioning methods are DL Angle of Arrival (DL-AoD) or DL ​​Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA) positioning. Uplink (UL) positioning methods can be (e.g., referring to) any positioning method that uses a UL reference signal such as a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) for positioning. In such a UL positioning method, the WTRU transmits an SRS to multiple receive points (RPs), and the RPs measure the UL Relative Time of Arrival (UL-RTOA) and / or RSRP. Examples of UL positioning methods are UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA) or UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning.

[0076] The combined DL and UL positioning method can be (e.g., refers to) any positioning method that uses both UL reference signals and DL reference signals for positioning. For example, in the case of a combined DL and UL positioning method, the method uses the Rx-Tx time difference (e.g., based on UL and DL signaling), which can refer to (e.g., may include determining) the difference between the arrival time of a reference signal (e.g., PRS) transmitted by a TRP (e.g., gNB) and the transmission time of a reference signal (e.g., SRS) transmitted by a WTRU. In the case of a combined DL and UL positioning method, the WTRU transmits the SRS to multiple TRPs (e.g., gNBs) that measure the Rx-Tx time difference, and the TRPs measure the RSRP of the received SRS. In this case, the WTRU measures the Rx-Tx time difference of the PRS transmitted from the multiple TRPs, and the WTRU measures the RSRP of the received PRS. Furthermore, in this case, the round-trip time is calculated using the receiver-transmitter (RX-TX) difference and (e.g., possible) RSRP measured at the WTRU and TRPs. An example of DL and UL positioning methods is multi-round-trip time (RTT) positioning.

[0077] Conventional positioning systems / methods (such as DL, UL, and combined DL and UL positioning methods discussed above) have drawbacks in meeting the requirement of providing high-accuracy positioning for potential / future use cases, such as wireless networks. For example, use cases such as factory deployments and vehicle communications require high-accuracy positioning services. The accuracy of location estimation depends on the bandwidth used for the PRS, as the estimation error decreases as the bandwidth used for the PRS increases. With limited bandwidth available for positioning, achievable accuracy is limited. Although a WTRU can be configured with up to four frequency layers (i.e., one frequency per cell) in a conventional positioning system / method, frequency layers cannot be dynamically switched due to the conventional (e.g., 3GPP LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) configuration of the WTRU. Furthermore, the conventional use of frequency layers does not allow them to be aggregated, thus hindering broadband positioning. Given the aforementioned drawbacks of conventional positioning methods, there is a need (e.g., for WTRUs, TRPs, eNBs, etc.) for, for example, to flexibly combine and / or switch frequency layers based on measurement conditions.

[0078] According to the implementation scheme, the positioning method used by the wireless network may include and / or use accuracy requirements, such as, for example, accuracy requirements associated with positioning measurements performed by the WTRU. According to the implementation scheme, accuracy requirements may include (e.g., constitute, have, use, associate with, indicate, etc.) any of the following: horizontal accuracy of the location, vertical accuracy of the location, and both horizontal and vertical accuracy of the location. According to the implementation scheme, for example, the PRS configuration for the WTRU may include accuracy requirements. That is, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be configured with an association between positioning accuracy requirements and the bandwidth size of the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS). For example, there may be a case where a horizontal accuracy of 2 meters can be associated with a PRS bandwidth greater than 100 MHz. According to the implementation scheme, any number (e.g., multiple) of accuracy requirements may be associated with corresponding (e.g., different) bandwidth sizes. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be semi-statically configured, for example, via / from a gNB or Location Management Function (LMF).

[0079] According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative to semi-static configuration), the association between accuracy requirements and bandwidth size can be static, meaning that the association can be fixed in the specification (e.g., defined, specified, interpreted, etc.). According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with an association between the (e.g., required) latency for positioning and the bandwidth size of the PRS. For example, a latency of 40 ms can be associated with a PRS bandwidth greater than 200 MHz. According to the implementation scheme, multiple (e.g., any number) latency requirements can be associated with any number (e.g., different) bandwidth sizes. According to the implementation scheme, either the gNB or LMF can be configured for this association for the WTRU semi-statically. According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative to semi-static configuration), the association between latency and bandwidth size can be fixed (e.g., in the specification). According to the implementation scheme, as discussed below, it can be assumed that the WTRU can be configured with an association between bandwidth size and either the accuracy requirements or latency requirements for the positioning service (e.g., information indicating the association, formulas used for the association, etc.).

[0080] According to the implementation, the WTRU may support multiple (e.g., enabled) frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU may be configured to support multiple (e.g., enabled) frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU may determine whether (e.g., whether) it can support multiple (e.g., enabled) frequency layers for positioning, for example, based on (e.g., according to the WTRU) its ability to support carrier aggregation for data transmission. For example, according to the implementation, if the WTRU determines that it can support multiple (e.g., enabled) frequency layers, the WTRU may (e.g., then) report its ability to support multiple (e.g., enabled) frequency layers for positioning to the LMF. According to the implementation, the LMF may be a non-limiting example of a node and / or entity (e.g., a network node or entity) that can be used to support positioning. According to the implementation, the disclosure herein is not limited to the use of an LMF, and any other suitable and / or similar node or entity may replace the LMF and still be consistent with this disclosure.

[0081] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to, for example, report to the LMF a set of configured secondary cells (SCells) and / or CCs (e.g., configured by the gNB) for data transmission. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to use LPP signaling to report the configured SCells / CCs to the LMF. Furthermore, the WTRU can report to the LMF any one of the cell ID, absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN), and bandwidth of each of the configured SCells / CCs for data transmission.

[0082] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to report active SCells / CCs to the LMF, for example, upon receiving an indication such as an activation or deactivation indication from the gNB. For instance, upon receiving a MAC control element (MAC-CE) deactivating one or more SCells / CCs, the WTRU reports a set of active SCells / CCs to the LMF using the LPP protocol. According to the implementation scheme, upon receiving a MAC-CE activating one or more SCells / CCs, the WTRU reports a set of active SCells / CCs to the LMF using the LPP protocol. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to report a set of configured bandwidth portions (BWPs) within a CC to the LMF. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can report either the BWP ID or the bandwidth of a configured BWP to the LMF, and the WTRU can indicate the CC of each BWP when reporting the set.

[0083] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be configured by the network (e.g., LMF, gNB, etc.) with multiple frequency layers for locating reference signals. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., initial configuration, preliminary configuration, pre-configuration, etc.) to enable (e.g., activate) one or more frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be configured to associate a frequency layer with one or more of any of SCells, CCs, and BWPs used for data transmission. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be configured by the LMF and / or gNB, for example (e.g., explicitly), to associate a frequency layer with one or more SCells, CCs, and / or BWPs. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may receive from the LMF (e.g., information such as configuration information indicating) a mapping that associates a frequency layer with one or more cell IDs. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may receive from the gNB (e.g., information indicating) a mapping that associates a frequency layer and BWP with a cell.

[0084] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can autonomously associate a frequency layer with any of the SCell, CC, and BWP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to autonomously associate the frequency layer with any of the SCell, CC, and / or BWP, for example, when the frequency layer and any of the SCell, CC, and BWP are co-located in the frequency domain. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can associate the frequency layer with any of the SCell, CC, and BWP if any of the SCell, CC, and BWP are below the same frequency band. According to the implementation scheme, for example, the WTRU can associate the frequency layer with any of the SCell, CC, and BWP if the frequency offset between the center frequency of the frequency layer and the center frequency of the SCell, CC, and BWP exceeds (e.g., is below or above) (e.g., a configured) threshold. According to the implementation scheme, for example, the WTRU can associate the frequency layer with any of the SCell, CC, and BWP if the bandwidth of the frequency layer is within the bandwidth of any of the SCell, CC, and / or BWP. According to the implementation scheme, for example, if the WTRU is capable of simultaneously supporting any one of SCell, CC, and BWP and the frequency layer, the WTRU can associate the frequency layer with any one of SCell, CC, and BWP. This capability can be defined and / or specified according to the implementation scheme.

[0085] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the association between the CC, BWP, and frequency layers according to an embodiment. According to the embodiment, the WTRU can associate any of a single SCell, CC, and BWP with any number of frequency layers. That is, according to the embodiment, the WTRU can be configured to associate any of a single SCell, single CC, and single BWP with multiple frequency layers (e.g., configured with association information). For example, according to the embodiment, there may be a situation where a broadband BWP can be associated with multiple frequency layers, and a narrowband BWP can be associated with a single frequency layer (e.g., different from any of the multiple frequency layers or the same as one of the multiple frequency layers). Reference Figure 3 The first CC (CC1) used for data transmission can be associated with eight frequency layers (FL1 to FL8) used for positioning (e.g., for positioning signaling). According to the implementation scheme, refer to... Figure 3 The first BWP (BWP1) can be associated with four frequency layers FL1 to FL4. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to associate a single frequency layer with any of multiple SCells, multiple CCs, and multiple BWPs.

[0086] According to the implementation scheme, PRS configurations (e.g., PRS bandwidth, OFDM symbol count, repetition factor, comb factor, etc.) can be associated with multiple frequency layers. The WTRU can receive a list from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) of PRS configurations that associate one or more (or each) PRS configurations with multiple frequency layers. For example, based on the list, the WTRU can determine that PRS configuration A is associated with frequency layers 1 and 2, while PRS configuration B is associated with frequency layers 3 and 4. When the WTRU receives an indication that multiple frequency layers are configured, the WTRU can determine the PRS configuration based on the list. In this example, "frequency layer" can be used interchangeably with SCell, CC, or BWP.

[0087] According to the implementation scheme, the base station (e.g., gNB) can transmit any one of the activation and deactivation commands associated with any one of the SCell, CC, and BWP. That is, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can (e.g., from the gNB) receive activation and / or deactivation commands for one or more of the SCell, CC, and / or BWP for configuration. According to the implementation scheme, if any one of the SCell, CC, and BWP corresponding to a frequency layer is activated, the WTRU can enable the frequency layer for positioning. For example, according to the implementation scheme, refer to... Figure 3 With CC1 activated, the WTRU can enable any of the frequency layers FL1 through FL8 for positioning. According to the implementation scheme, refer to... Figure 3 With BWP5 activated, the WTRU can enable the FL8 frequency layer for positioning. Depending on the implementation, for example, if the corresponding SCell, CC, and / or BWP is deactivated, the WTRU can disable the frequency layer for positioning.

[0088] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine which frequency layer to enable, for example, based on the subcarrier spacing of any one of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP. For example, the WTRU can enable frequency layers with subcarrier spacing equal to the subcarrier spacing of at least one of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can use accuracy requirements to determine any number of frequency layers to enable from any one of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can use a configured correlation between accuracy (e.g., accuracy requirement) and bandwidth size to determine the (e.g., required) bandwidth for the PRS.

[0089] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive (e.g., information indicating) the correlation between accuracy and bandwidth size from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF). According to the implementation scheme, based on a set of active SCells, active CCs, and / or active BWPs, the WTRU can use the correlation between any of the SCells, CCs, and BWPs and frequency layers to determine, for example, a set of frequency layers that can be activated. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can (e.g., then) activate a frequency layer with a bandwidth (e.g., associated with that bandwidth) greater than or equal to the bandwidth used (e.g., required, necessary, etc.) to meet accuracy requirements. According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative), the WTRU can activate multiple frequency layers and can aggregate frequency layers (e.g., operation, use, etc. of frequency layers) for example to meet accuracy requirements.

[0090] According to the implementation scheme, for example based on (e.g., according to) the required latency, the WTRU can determine the frequency layer to be enabled from any of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP (e.g., from among them, subordinate to them, etc.). That is, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can use a configured association between the required latency and bandwidth size, for example, to determine the bandwidth (e.g., required, minimum, mandated, etc.) for the PRS. According to the implementation scheme, based on the set of any of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP, the WTRU can determine a set of frequency layers that can be activated, for example, by using (e.g., based on, according to, etc.) the association between any of the SCell, CC, and BWP and the frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can (e.g., then) enable a frequency layer with a bandwidth greater than or equal to the required bandwidth determined to satisfy the latency requirement. According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative to enabling one frequency layer), the WTRU can enable multiple frequency layers and can aggregate frequency layers to meet the latency requirement.

[0091] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine whether the measured RSRP of one or more PRS within a frequency layer is below a threshold. If the measured RSRP of one or more PRS within a frequency layer is below the threshold, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine the frequency layer to be enabled from any (e.g., among) an active SCell, an active CC, and an active BWP. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with a first enabled frequency layer for measuring PRS. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine that the (e.g., measured) RSRP of at least one PRS within the enabled frequency layer is below (e.g., configured) a threshold. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine that the (e.g., measured) RSRP of N PRS within the enabled frequency layer is below (e.g., configured) a threshold, where N is the configured number of PRS.

[0092] According to the implementation scheme, if the measured RSRP of the PRS is lower than a configured threshold, the WTRU selects a frequency layer (e.g., another, a second, a different, etc.), for example, to enable such a selected frequency layer from among those associated with any of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can selectively enable a frequency layer associated with a larger bandwidth (e.g., having a larger bandwidth). According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative), the WTRU can activate all frequency layers associated with all active SCells, active CCs, and active BWPs. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can enable and / or deactivate any frequency layer. For example, the WTRU can deactivate an already enabled first frequency layer after enabling a second frequency layer.

[0093] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can perform measurements associated with a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) corresponding to any of the SCell, CC, and BWP. According to the implementation scheme, if the CSI-RS measurement corresponding to the SCell / CC / BWP is below a threshold, the WTRU can determine (e.g., select) the frequency layer to be enabled from any of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP. According to the implementation scheme, there may be a situation where the WTRU is configured with a first enabled frequency layer (e.g., information indicating the first enabled frequency layer, configured to use the first enabled frequency layer, etc.) to measure PRS, wherein the first enabled frequency layer is associated with an active SCell, CC, and / or BWP used for data transmission. According to the implementation scheme, in this case, the WTRU can determine that the CSI-RS measured on the SCell (e.g., and / or any of the CC and BWP) associated with the first enabled frequency layer is below a configured threshold. Furthermore, in this case, the WTRU can select (e.g., determine) to enable a second frequency layer, which is the frequency layer associated with the remaining active SCells (e.g., CC, BWP). According to the implementation plan, in this case, the WTRU can deactivate the first enabled frequency layer after enabling the second frequency layer.

[0094] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with multiple PRS configurations, where each PRS resource can be associated with a SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layer. If the PRS resources associated with multiple SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers have similar error characteristics (e.g., phase error, timing error), the WTRU can receive indications from the network for activating multiple SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers. For example, if the PRS resources belong to the same timing error group, the WTRU can determine that the PRS resources share similar timing errors. Therefore, if the PRS resources belong to an error group (e.g., a timing error group, a phase error group), the WTRU can determine that multiple SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers are activated simultaneously.

[0095] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive instructions (e.g., commands, instructions, configurations, etc.) for selecting a frequency layer based on RSRP measured against CSI-RS and / or PRS. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive instructions from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) via any of the downlink control element (DCI), MAC control element (MAC-CE), radio resource control (RRC), and LPP messaging / signaling for selecting a frequency layer based on RSRP measured on CSI-RS and / or PRS. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive (e.g., configured information indicating) different thresholds for selecting a frequency layer based on CSI-RS RSRP and / or PRS RSRP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to use two RSRP thresholds. That is, if both the CSI-RS RSRP and PRS RSRP are higher than their respective thresholds, the WTRU can determine to use a frequency layer. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to receive instructions from the network (e.g., LMF and / or gNB) for enabling one or more frequency layers. According to the implementation plan, the WTRU can receive LPP messages that enable one or more frequency layers.

[0096] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive DCI messages (e.g., either MAC-CE messages and RRC messages) that enable one or more frequency layers. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the LMF can send an indication to the gNB regarding the frequency layer to be enabled by the WTRU (e.g., indicated, commanded, or configured). In this case, according to the implementation scheme, the gNB can relay information to the WTRU using lower-layer signaling such as DCI or MAC-CE signaling, and the WTRU can activate the SCell, CC, and BWP corresponding to the enabled frequency layer. For example, according to the implementation scheme, there may be a WTRU configured with a BWP. y Associated frequency layers x In this case, according to the implementation scheme, when receiving data from the LMF for the frequency layer... x In other cases where an enable indication (e.g., information indicating frequency layer enablement) is provided, the WTRU can switch to the BWP for data transmission. y .

[0097] According to the implementation plan, there may be WTRU configurations that are related to SCell. y Associated frequency layers x In this situation, the WTRU can receive signals from the LMF for the frequency layer. x The enable instruction, and WTRU can enable SCell for data transfer.y According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can enable frequency layers based on the positioning method performed / used by the WTRU. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with limitations associated with (e.g., certain) positioning methods. For example, the WTRU can be configured with positioning method-dependent limitations on the combination of frequency layers. That is, according to the implementation scheme, for the Angle of Departure (AoD) positioning method, the WTRU can enable frequency layers with different parameter sets, and for the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) positioning method, the WTRU may not (e.g., cannot, is not permitted, etc.) aggregate frequency layers with different parameter sets.

[0098] According to the implementation plan, there may be cases where the WTRU is configured with TDOA, where the WTRU may not aggregate SCell, CC, BWP or frequency layer, and the PRS resources associated with SCell, CC, BWP or frequency layer do not belong to the same error group (e.g. timing error group, phase error group).

[0099] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive the number N of SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers to be activated from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). The WTRU can receive the criteria upon which it determines the SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers to be activated. The WTRU can determine which SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers to activate, where the number of activated SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers may be less than N. According to the implementation scheme, if the number of SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers that can be activated is less than N, the WTRU can determine that no SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers should be activated.

[0100] According to the implementation scheme, if one or more conditions are not met, the WTRU can determine to disable / deactivate aggregation of SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layers. For example, if the number of aggregated SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layers is not consistent across configured PRS resources, PRS resource sets, or TRPs from which PRS are emitted, the WTRU may disable aggregation of SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layers. Once the WTRU determines to disable aggregation of frequency layers, the WTRU can determine which default SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layer to use before enabling aggregation of SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layers.

[0101] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can enable a frequency layer based on the channel access procedure result (listen-then-talk result). The WTRU can be configured with one or more frequency layers, which have frequency resources belonging to unlicensed spectrum. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can first attempt to access a channel in which the frequency layer is configured, and upon successful channel acquisition, the WTRU enables the frequency layer. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive an indication from the gNB that the channel has been acquired by the gNB. The WTRU can then enable the frequency layer with frequency resources within the acquired channel indicated by the gNB. The WTRU can also receive a DCI (WTRU-specific or group-wide DCI) indicating which frequency resources were acquired by the gNB and the channel occupancy time. The WTRU can enable the frequency layer belonging to unlicensed spectrum only during the duration of channel acquisition (i.e., channel occupancy time). When the channel is released (by the gNB or the WTRU), the WTRU can deactivate the corresponding frequency layer.

[0102] According to the implementation, the WTRU can be configured to report a set of enabled frequency layers to the network (e.g., LMF and / or gNB). According to the implementation, the WTRU can report a set of selected (with enabled) frequency layers before reporting measurement results. According to the implementation (e.g., as an alternative), the WTRU can report a set of enabled frequency layers along with PRS measurement results. According to the implementation, there may be a situation where the WTRU reports preferred frequency layers to the network without (e.g., by itself) enabling the frequency layers. In this case, the WTRU (e.g., then) waits for the network (e.g., LMF and / or gNB) to configure the frequency layers to enable one or more frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU can use a trigger for enabling frequency layers to select a set of frequency layers, for example, to report to the network.

[0103] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may not report a set of enabled SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). The WTRU can receive from the network an indication for enabling aggregation of SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers. Furthermore, the WTRU can receive from the network associations with SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers and PRS configurations. Each SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layer can be associated with an ID. For example, each BWP can be associated with a PRS configuration (e.g., bandwidth, comb pattern, repetition factor, number of symbols in the PRS), and the WTRU can determine the PRS configuration associated with an active BWP, where the BWP is activated based on at least one of the aforementioned conditions. The network can determine which SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers to activate based on measurement reports from the WTRU. A PRS configuration can be associated with multiple SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers. Each combination of SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers can be associated with an ID (e.g., a set of SCells, CCs, BWPs, or frequency layers can be associated with an ID), and this ID can be associated with a PRS configuration. WTRU can determine the PRS configuration based on a set of IDs for active SCell, CC, BWP, or frequency layers.

[0104] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can report (e.g., transmission information indicating the preferred BWP and preferred SCell) an identifier (ID), and the WTRU can determine which of the BWP and / or SCell is preferred. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU (e.g., then after reporting the preferred SCell and / or BWP) can be configured with frequency layers (e.g., more) suitable relative to the preferred BWP and / or SCell reported by the WTRU. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with both narrowband and wideband BWPs, and each BWP can be associated with a different number of frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can select a wideband BWP that can be used (e.g., can help enable) a wideband frequency layer.

[0105] According to the implementation scheme, when the frequency layer is enabled (e.g., the enabled frequency layer is active), the WTRU can begin monitoring the bandwidth of the frequency layer (e.g., the enabled frequency layer) to, for example, measure received PRS and / or transmit SRS for positioning. According to the implementation scheme, when the frequency layer is disabled (e.g., the frequency layer is deactivated), the WTRU can stop monitoring the bandwidth of the frequency layer and / or transmit on the bandwidth of the frequency layer.

[0106] In this implementation, the WTRU can maintain the measurement of PRS in a frequency layer even after the frequency layer has been deactivated. The WTRU can be configured with a timer to determine the time during which PRS can be measured for each frequency layer when it is deactivated. In this implementation, when a frequency layer is deactivated, the WTRU can trigger the timer and maintain monitoring / measuring of PRS. When the timer expires, the WTRU can stop measuring / monitoring the PRS in the deactivated frequency layer. In this implementation, if the corresponding frequency layer is reactivated, the WTRU can reset the timer and maintain monitoring of PRS. For example, the WTRU can be configured with an association between a BWP and a frequency layer (e.g., BWP1 is associated with FL1). The WTRU can instruct the gNB to activate BWP1 and enable frequency layer 1 FL1. After using BWP1, the gNB can switch the active BWP to a different BWP. Even after switching BWPs, the WTRU can start a timer and maintain the measurement / monitoring of PRS within FL1. If, before the timer expires, the gNB instructs the WTRU to switch back to BWP1 as the active BWP, the WTRU can stop and reset the timer to maintain monitoring of PRS within FL1. If the timer times out and WTRU still does not use BWP1 as the active BWP, WTRU can stop monitoring PRS in FL1.

[0107] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured (e.g., pre-configured) with more than one measurement gap (MG), each MG having a corresponding and / or different duration. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured to determine the MG, for example, based on an enabled set of frequency layers and the active SCell, active CC, and / or active BWP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can: (1) request (e.g., send an information request) (e.g., the determined MG) from the gNB, and / or (2) autonomously use the determined MG. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine (e.g., request) the MG based on either the subcarrier spacing or the frequency location. For example, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine (e.g., request) the MG based on the subcarrier spacing of any of the active SCell, active CC, and active BWP, as well as the subcarrier spacing of the enabled frequency layers. For example, according to the implementation scheme, when the active SCell, CC, and / or BWP have the same set of parameters as the enabled frequency layers, the WTRU can select the minimum MG duration.

[0108] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine (e.g., the required MG) based on the frequency location of the enabled frequency layer (e.g., relative to the frequency location of the active SCell, active CC, and / or active BWP). For example, if the active SCell, active CC, and / or active BWP are in the same frequency band as the enabled frequency layer, the WTRU can select the minimum MG duration. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can temporarily switch to another frequency layer, for example, to perform a measurement, and can (e.g., then) switch back to the active BWP. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU's MG requirement can depend on whether a wider frequency band includes the active BWP.

[0109] According to the implementation scheme, in the case of either the DL positioning method or a combination of DL and UL positioning methods, a PRS can be transmitted from a neighboring cell (e.g., a non-serving cell). In this case, the WTRU can receive information related to the neighboring cell (e.g., cell ID) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). According to the implementation scheme and as mentioned herein, the "neighboring cell ID" can be a cell ID configured for the WTRU for positioning purposes. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive from the network an indication for associating a SCell ID with neighboring cell IDs used for positioning (e.g., information indicating the association between them). For example, according to the implementation scheme, if the SCell ID and the neighboring cell ID are the same, the WTRU can determine that their IDs are associated.

[0110] According to the implementation scheme (e.g., as an alternative), the WTRU can receive from the network a table indicating the association between SCell IDs and neighboring cell IDs (e.g., information indicating mapping can be received). According to the implementation scheme, this association can be a default configuration. According to the implementation scheme, for example, when the WTRU receives an indication and / or activation from the network for using an additional frequency layer, the WTRU can determine to associate a neighboring cell ID with a SCell ID. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine to associate a frequency layer with either the CC or BWP of the associated SCell ID based on any of the following parameters: ARFCN (Absolute Radio Channel Number), bandwidth, center frequency, SCS, parameter set for data communication, and / or PRS.

[0111] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can, for example, receive from the network an indication for using multiple frequency layers (e.g., information indicating activation). According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can stop using multiple frequency layers if at least one of the following conditions is met (e.g., a timer expires, the RSRP of the PRS associated with the additional frequency layer is below a threshold), or an explicit indication from the network. According to the implementation scheme, there may be a situation where the accuracy requirement has been met. According to the implementation scheme, if the WTRU determines that the accuracy requirement has been met, the WTRU can send an indication to the network to terminate the use of the additional frequency layer, for example, because the accuracy requirement has been met.

[0112] According to the implementation scheme, there may be instances where the timer expires. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a duration during which it is expected to use an additional frequency layer. In this case, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may start a timer under other circumstances where the WTRU begins using the additional frequency layer. When the timer expires, the WTRU may terminate the use of the additional frequency layer. According to the implementation scheme, there may be instances where the RSRP of the PRS associated with the additional frequency layer is below a threshold. According to the implementation scheme, in this case, the WTRU may be configured with a threshold from the network. According to the implementation scheme, there may be other cases where: (1) the RSRP of the PRS transmitted on the additional frequency layer is below the threshold, or (2) the number of PRS with RSRPs above the threshold is less than the pre-configured number of frequency layers. In such other cases, the WTRU may determine to terminate the use of the additional frequency layer for positioning, for example, because the WTRU may be unable to perform information measurements from the additional frequency layer.

[0113] According to the implementation scheme, there may be situations where there is an explicit instruction from the network. That is, according to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive a deactivation command from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) via any of the DCI, MAC-CE, RRC, and LPP message transmission / signaling. According to the implementation scheme, if the WTRU determines that it is terminating its use of the additional frequency layer, the WTRU can send an indication to the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) via any of the RRC, UCI, MAC-CE, and LPP message transmissions, for example, to notify the network that its use of the additional frequency layer has been terminated.

[0114] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with a default number of frequency layers and / or a default number of frequency layer IDs, on which the WTRU can (e.g., is expected) receive PRS. According to the implementation scheme, in the event of termination of use of additional frequency layers and / or in the event that the WTRU does not find (e.g., determine, select, etc.) an additional frequency layer for positioning, the WTRU can determine to use a frequency layer with a fallback frequency layer ID. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive configuration (e.g., information indicating the configuration) from the network for the default number of frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine to select (e.g., choose) a configured number of frequency layers from a set of frequency layers configured for the WTRU.

[0115] According to the implementation scheme, the PRS configuration parameters may include any of the following: repetition factor; resource time interval; number of symbols; silent mode; resource power; RE offset; symbol offset; PRS resource ID; PRS resource set ID; PRS ID; TRP ID (e.g., based on its transmitted PRS); bandwidth; and cell ID (e.g., based on its transmitted PRS).

[0116] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the use of multiple frequency layers (FLs) according to an embodiment. According to the embodiment, the WTRU can be configured with any number (e.g., multiple) frequency layers. According to the embodiment, a frequency layer (i.e., each of multiple frequency layers) can be associated with one or more carriers and / or BWPs used for data transmission. According to the embodiment, there may be a set (e.g., configured) of frequency layers enabled by a network (such as an LMF). According to the embodiment, the WTRU can receive SCell activation commands for one or more SCells. After measuring the PRS transmitted within / via the enabled frequency layer, according to the embodiment, the WTRU can determine whether the measured PRS (such as RSRP) is higher or lower than a threshold (e.g., configured) for service requirements. Reference Figure 4 If the measured RSRP is below (e.g., a configured) threshold, the WTRU can enable an additional frequency layer based on either the active SCell or the active BWP. The WTRU measures the PRS on the newly enabled FL. In this case, the WTRU can (e.g., then) return a measurement report to the LMF (e.g., transmit, send, etc.) via / using the enabled frequency layer. See again. Figure 4 If the measured RSRP is higher than or greater than (e.g., a configured) threshold, the WTRU can return a measurement report to the LMF (e.g., transmit, send, etc.) via / using the enabled frequency layer.

[0117] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive a frequency hopping (FH) mode for DL ​​RS (e.g., PRS) before configuring multiple layers, for example. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive the PRS in configured frequency and time resources (e.g., in configured hops), which can be changed according to a mode (e.g., in a predetermined mode), for example, such that the WTRU can perform measurements on the PRS (e.g., on an enabled FL). According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can report (e.g., transmission information indicating the RSRP for each hop) to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). According to the implementation scheme, there may be cases where the WTRU determines that the RSRP corresponding to a hop is higher than (e.g., a pre-configured) threshold. In this case, according to the implementation scheme, upon receiving an indication for using multiple frequency layers, the network can activate the frequency layer corresponding to the hop.

[0118] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine the need to add frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request the network to add a certain number of frequency layers (e.g., it can issue an on-demand frequency layer request to the network). According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request the network to add a certain number of frequency layers under any of the following conditions: (1) the RSRP of the currently configured frequency layer is below a threshold, and (2) the variance and / or standard deviation of the measurement results (e.g., RSPR, RSTD) are above a threshold.

[0119] According to the implementation scheme, an on-demand frequency layer request (e.g., transmitted by a WTRU) may include the following parameters: (1) the number of any one of the required frequency layer, required CC, and required BWP, and (2) the ID of any one of the frequency layer, SCell, cell, BWP, CC, etc. According to the implementation scheme, for example, in the case of the number of any one of the required frequency layer, CC, and BWP, the WTRU may be pre-configured by the network (e.g., pre-configured) with a set of required frequency layers, CC, BWP, etc. According to the implementation scheme, for example, in the case of an on-demand request including IDs, the WTRU may be pre-configured by the network (e.g., pre-configured) with a set of IDs for any one of the frequency layer, SCell, cell, BWP, and CC, and the WTRU may make a request from the frequency layer, SCell, cell, BWP, and CC. According to the implementation scheme, when the network accepts the on-demand frequency layer request, the WTRU may receive a set of any one of the frequency layer, CC, BWP, SCell, and cell on which the WTRU can receive PRS.

[0120] According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU receives a PRS in a configured frequency layer, the WTRU can report (e.g., transmission information indicating) any one of RSRP, Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), and Angle of Arrival (AoA) in the measurement report. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can indicate the number of frequency layers used in the measurement. According to the implementation scheme, for RSTD, the WTRU can measure the time difference between the arrival times of two PRSs (e.g., a reference PRS and a measured PRS). According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU reports multiple RSTDs, the WTRU can use the same reference PRS for each RSTD. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can determine the use of a different number of frequency layers for each RSTD based on any of the following conditions: (1) no additional frequency layers can be found (e.g., because the aforementioned conditions cannot be met); and (2) the WTRU receives from the network an explicit indication of the use of a different number of frequency layers for the indicated pair of reference PRSs and measured PRSs.

[0121] According to the implementation scheme, when a different number of frequency layers are used for each RSTD, the WTRU can indicate the number of frequency layers used for each RSTD. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive information indicating a method for calculating, for example, the RSRP to be used by the WTRU. That is, according to the implementation scheme, the information indicating the method for calculating the RSRP can include any of the following: (1) the RSRP of the average PRS within each frequency layer; (2) the RSRP of the average PRS across all frequency layers; and (3) the RSRP of the average PRS across frequency units configured (e.g., by CC, by BWP, for the number of resource blocks configured).

[0122] According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU is configured with multiple frequency layers, the WTRU can be configured with PRS resources including frequency resources across multiple frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, in this case, with multiple frequency layers enabled, the WTRU can begin monitoring PRS resources across multiple frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with separate PRS resources for individual frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, with multiple frequency layers enabled, the WTRU can aggregate PRS resources within the enabled frequency layers and report the measurement results corresponding to the aggregated PRS resources. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can report the average PRS RSRP measured across different frequency layers to the LMF.

[0123] In one implementation, the WTRU can measure each PRS resource independently on different enabled frequency layers without aggregation. In another implementation, the WTRU can be configured to use the same localization calculation method for all frequency layers (e.g., AoA or TDOA for all frequency layers). The WTRU can then report the measurement results for each frequency layer to the LMF. Alternatively, the WTRU can be configured to use different localization calculation methods for different frequency layers. For example, the WTRU could use AoA for the first frequency layer, TDOA for the second, and RTT for the third. The WTRU can be instructed by the network (e.g., the LMF) which localization method to use. In yet another implementation, the WTRU can autonomously determine the localization calculation method for each frequency layer.

[0124] In the implementation, the location calculation method for the enabled frequency layer can be based on the frequency band of the enabled frequency layer. A specific frequency band may be associated with several frequency bands. For example, for a higher frequency band, the WTRU can use the AoA method for PRS measurement. This method can include the bandwidth of the enabled frequency layer individually or collectively. For example, for a larger bandwidth, TDOA can be used. It can also include characteristics of a set of enabled frequency layers. For example, if a set of enabled frequency layers are frequency-adjacent, the WTRU can use the same location calculation method for adjacent frequency layers. In the implementation, the expected time for frequency layer deactivation can also be applied to the location calculation method. The WTRU can determine the time when the frequency will be deactivated based on a BWP switching timer. For example, a BWP switch for the enabled frequency layer occurs. The switched BWP is temporary, and the WTRU knows from the BWP timer that it must switch back to the default BWP. Based on the BWP timer, the WTRU can determine the expected time for frequency layer deactivation. Based on the expected time for frequency layer deactivation, the WTRU can choose which location method to use. For example, if the expected time for frequency layer deactivation is greater than the subsequent PRS resources required for measurement, the WTRU can choose RTT.

[0125] In the implementation, the WTRU can report the measurement results for each frequency layer along with the positioning method used for positioning calculations to the network. The WTRU can group frequency layers using the same positioning calculation method in the same reporting message. The WTRU can receive indications from the network (e.g., LMF) using the positioning calculation method used for each frequency layer. These indications can be sent during frequency layer configuration. The WTRU can further receive updates regarding which positioning calculation method is used for the frequency layer. For more dynamic indications, the gNB can update the positioning calculation method by sending a MAC CE or DCI to the WTRU.

[0126] In one implementation, the WTRU can be configured to measure PRS only within newly enabled frequency layers. Alternatively, the WTRU can be configured to measure PRS across all enabled frequency layers.

[0127] According to the implementation, priorities can be associated with frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU can be configured with priorities associated with frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize frequency layers used for PRS measurements. For example, according to the implementation, the WTRU can monitor (e.g., be able to monitor) a maximum number of frequency layers. When the number of enabled frequency layers reaches its maximum value, according to the implementation, the WTRU can (e.g., begin) prioritize among the enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize among frequency layers based on the time (e.g., when) a frequency layer is enabled. For example, according to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize (e.g., newly enabled) frequency layers over initially enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize among frequency layers based on frequency layer ID. For example, a frequency layer with a lower ID can be considered a high-priority frequency layer. According to the implementation, a frequency layer with a larger ID can be considered a high-priority frequency layer. According to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize among frequency layers based on measurement results from previous measurements (e.g., generated during previous measurements). For example, according to the implementation, the WTRU can prioritize frequency layers with higher RSRPs over frequency layers with lower RSRPs.

[0128] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can (e.g., pre-configure) any number (e.g., multiple) MGs for measuring PRS and / or transmitting SRS positioning (SRSp) on a set of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request the LMF to activate a set of frequency layers for positioning, for example, based on any of the following: accuracy requirements, latency, measured RSRP where the frequency layer is below a threshold, and CSI-RS corresponding to the BWP measurement being below a threshold. According to the implementation scheme, there may be situations where (e.g., by the network) requests for multiple frequency layers are permitted. According to the implementation scheme, in this case, the WTRU can determine the MGs required for PRS measurement and / or SRS transmission based on any of the following: (1) the total bandwidth of the enabled frequency layers; (2) the subcarrier spacing of the enabled frequency layers; (3) the subcarrier spacing of the frequency layers being measured; (4) the number of enabled frequency layers; (5) the number of frequency layers the WTRU should measure; and (6) the frequency position of the CC for data transmission activities relative to the set of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request the selected MG from the gNB, and the WTRU can wait for gNB confirmation before applying the selected MG to the PRS measurement. Alternatively, the WTRU can apply the selected MG to the PRS measurement without gNB confirmation.

[0129] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive MG parameters associated with the frequency layer (e.g., such as...) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). Figure 5 The list shows the MG length and MG periodicity. Figure 5 In the example shown, the WTRU receives data, control channels, and / or control signals outside the measurement gap. During the interval indicated by the "Measurement Gap Length," the WTRU does not receive data, control channels, and / or control signals. For example, MG configuration A can be associated with both frequency layer 1 and frequency layer 2, while MG configuration B can be associated with frequency layer 1. If the WTRU is configured with both frequency layer 1 and layer 2 by the network, the WTRU can determine that it should request MG configuration A from the network. Each entry in the list can be associated with an ID, allowing the WTRU to request the MG from the network by sending the corresponding ID. In this example, "frequency layer" can be used interchangeably with SCell, CC, or BWP. The WTRU can use RRC, MAC-CE, UCI, or LPP messages to request the MG.

[0130] According to the implementation scheme, once the WTRU or network determines that multiple frequency layers are disabled (e.g., frequency layer aggregation is disabled), the WTRU can determine that an initial MG (e.g., an MG used by the WTRU before frequency layer aggregation was enabled, requested by RRC) becomes active. According to the implementation scheme, once the WTRU or network determines that multiple frequency layers are disabled, the WTRU can determine to request a new MG configuration via RRC, MAC-CE, UCI, or LPP messages.

[0131] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can perform the first method, such as including any of the operations discussed below. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with multiple frequency layers, each of which can be associated with one or more carriers and / or bandwidth portions for data transmission. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be triggered, for example, based on any of the following to enable one or more frequency layers for positioning: SCell activation / deactivation status, active bandwidth portions and positioning service requirements, and PRS measurement quality. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with multiple frequency layers for positioning reference signals and at least one active frequency layer. According to the implementation scheme, a frequency layer can be associated with any of the following: (1) one or more carriers for data transmission, wherein such carriers can be co-located with the associated positioning frequency layer; and (2) a BWP within a carrier for data transmission, wherein a wideband BWP can be associated with multiple frequency layers, and a narrowband BWP can be associated with a single frequency layer.

[0132] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive dynamic SCell activation / deactivation and / or BWP activation indications from the network. According to the implementation scheme, for example, based on conditions (e.g., accuracy requirements, latency, RSRP measured using a frequency layer below a threshold, CSI-RS corresponding to a BWP measurement below a threshold), the WTRU can determine the frequency layers to be enabled from the active SCells and / or BWPs. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can report indications of a set of enabled frequency layers for positioning to the LMF and / or gNB. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can receive PRS in the enabled frequency layers and can transmit corresponding measurement results in the activated carriers and / or BWPs to the LMF.

[0133] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can perform a second method, such as including any of the operations discussed below. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be configured with multiple MGs, each MG associated with a set of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the duration of an MG can depend on any of (e.g., associated with) the total bandwidth of the enabled frequency layers, the parameter set of the enabled frequency layers, and the number of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can request an MG from a pre-configured set of MGs based on the enabled set of frequency layers.

[0134] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may be pre-configured with multiple MGs to measure PRS and / or transmit SRSp on a set of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may request the LMF to activate a set of frequency layers for positioning based on conditions such as accuracy requirements, latency, measured RSRP of a frequency layer being below a threshold, CSI-RS of a measurement corresponding to a BWP being below a threshold, etc. According to the implementation scheme, if the request for multiple frequency layers is granted, the WTRU may determine the MGs required for PRS measurement and / or SRSp transmission based on any of the following: (1) the total bandwidth of the enabled frequency layers; (2) the subcarrier spacing of the enabled frequency layers; (3) the number of enabled frequency layers; and (4) the frequency position of the CC for data activity relative to the set of enabled frequency layers. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may request the selected MGs from the gNB. According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU may receive PRS configurations for a given number of frequency layers.

[0135] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU can be pre-configured to request an MG associated with the aggregated frequency layer. According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU is pre-configured to request an MG associated with the aggregated frequency layer, the WTRU can activate or deactivate frequency layer aggregation based on various conditions. According to the implementation scheme, when the WTRU can activate or deactivate frequency layer aggregation, activation or deactivation can be based on the acquisition of channels in unlicensed spectrum.

[0136] In one example, a WTRU with reduced capability may not be able to support the bandwidth or frequency range of a normal WTRU. For instance, a WTRU with reduced capability (e.g., a RedCap WTRU) may be able to support a bandwidth of 10 MHz, while a normal WTRU may support 100 MHz.

[0137] RedCap WTRUs can indicate their capabilities via capability signaling. A RedCap WTRU can be configured with a PRS configuration for a normal WTRU (e.g., a WTRU supporting 100MHz bandwidth). However, a RedCap WTRU can also be configured with a bandwidth range (e.g., a subset or sub-bandwidth) within the normal bandwidth, and this bandwidth range can correspond to the bandwidth supported by the RedCap WTRU. For example, if a RedCap WTRU can support bandwidth equivalent to two resource blocks (RBs), and a normal WTRU can be configured with RBs 1 through RB 10, the network can instruct the RedCap WTRU to use RBs 1 through RB 2. The sub-bandwidth range can consist of the start and end RB index numbers of the sub-bandwidth, or the start bandwidth index number and length of the sub-bandwidth. Sub-bandwidths do not need to be contiguous. Sub-bandwidths can be indicated by RB index numbers, resource element index numbers, or CC / band index numbers.

[0138] In one example, the RedCap WTRU can be configured with a PRS on the bandwidth (e.g., 100MHz) used by a normal WTRU. The WTRU can be configured with sub-bandwidths on which the WTRU measures the PRS (e.g., RSRP, RSTD).

[0139] The WTRU can be configured with bandwidth dedicated to the RedCap WTRU. The WTRU can receive bandwidth-related configurations in broadcast (e.g., posSIB) or WTRU-specific messages (e.g., RRC, LPP messages, DCI, MAC-CE).

[0140] The WTRU can be configured with a frequency hopping (FH) mode for its PRS. The WTRU can receive configuration associated with the FH mode if it indicates its reduced capability to the network. The WTRU can receive the configuration from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). Configuration associated with the hopping mode can include the bandwidth or frequency range of the PRS for each hop, the hopping duration, the number of hops, and the hopping position in the frequency and / or time domains. The WTRU can measure the PRS following the hopping mode. The hopping bandwidth can be less than or equal to the sub-bandwidth that the WTRU can support.

[0141] Figure 6 An example of the FH mode of the PRS and its parameters is shown. In this example, a 2-hop mode is shown. The WTRU can receive the PRS in each hop. Each hop can be associated with a hop index number (e.g., hop 1 or hop 2 in the 2-hop mode). The WTRU can receive configurations for the duration in the time and / or frequency domains. Figure 6The example shown uses "hop duration" and "hop bandwidth" to represent the time and frequency duration of each hop, respectively. Each hop may not overlap in the time and / or frequency domains, and the hop may cover continuous or discontinuous bandwidths. Each hop may be configured continuously (e.g., sequentially) or discontinuously (e.g., unseparately).

[0142] The WTRU can receive configuration related to the duration of the FH in the time and / or frequency domains. Figure 6 Examples of FH durations in the time and frequency domains are shown in the text using "FH Duration" and "FH Bandwidth". The FH duration, or transition duration, can be indicated by the start / end time (e.g., indicated by the number of symbols, time slots, frames, or subframes) or by the start time and duration (e.g., indicated by the number of symbols, time slots, frames, or subframes). The transition duration can be indicated by the number of symbols, time slots, frames, or subframes. The bandwidth associated with the transition bandwidth or FH bandwidth can be represented by the number of resource elements, RBs, CCs, and / or frequency bands.

[0143] Each hop can be configured to repeat a certain number of times. For example, TRP can emit PRS hops K times. Figure 6 The example shown corresponds to the case when K=1. WTRU can receive the number of repetitions K for each hop from the network.

[0144] The WTRU can receive the aforementioned configuration in broadcast messages (e.g., posSIB), LPP messages, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. The WTRU can receive an instruction from the network in a broadcast message to transmit PRS in accordance with FH mode. Based on this instruction, the WTRU can receive RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI messages from the network detailing the PRS hopping mode configuration. Frequency hopping can be activated or deactivated by the network via MAC-CE. The WTRU can send a request to the network to activate and / or deactivate FH.

[0145] In one example, WTRU can be measured on PRS based on the jump pattern. Figure 7The diagram illustrates an example of a hop during a two-hop measurement on a PRS. In this example, the WTRU receives a configuration for the PRS, whose bandwidth spans from Resource Element 1 (RE 1) to RE N. The WTRU also receives a configuration for a measurement hop (mHop), where the first hop and the second hop can span from RE 1 to RE M and from RE M+1 to RE N, respectively. In this example, it is assumed that the “hop bandwidth” or bandwidth associated with the measurement performed during the first hop (e.g., mHop 1) is M, and the “hop bandwidth” or bandwidth associated with the measurement performed during the second hop (e.g., mHop 2) is NM. Therefore, during mHop 1, the WTRU is expected to measure the bandwidth corresponding to mHop 1 and return the measurement result to the network (e.g., RSRP, WTRU Rx-Tx, RSTD). Similarly, during mHop 2, the WTRU is expected to measure the bandwidth corresponding to mHop 2 and return the measurement result to the network. If instructed by the network, the WTRU can determine the combination of measurement results corresponding to the measurement jump and report the combined measurement results to the network. An example of a combination of measurement results could be averaging.

[0146] WTRU can determine the measurement of jumps in continuous timing mK. Figure 8 An example is shown where mK = 2. The WTRU can receive the configuration for mK from the network. In this example, the WTRU can perform measurements on the PRS and process the corresponding mHop 1 measurement spanning from RB 1 to RB M. When mK = 2, the WTRU can repeat the measurement and processing for the next timing. Subsequently, the WTRU can perform measurements on the PRS and process the measurement corresponding to mHop 2 spanning from RB M+1 to RB N.

[0147] In one example, the WTRU can determine the hopping bandwidth based on its supported bandwidth capabilities. For instance, the WTRU can determine to set the hopping bandwidth equal to the sub-bandwidth that the WTRU can support. The WTRU can determine the mHop mode based on the configured pattern. The WTRU can include the hopping mode in the measurement report.

[0148] In one example, the WTRU can determine parameters associated with hop-based measurements based on the PRS configuration. The WTRU can receive association rules between the PRS configuration and the hop-based measurement parameters. Potential examples of association rules in implementations may include an association between the PRS bandwidth and the hop bandwidth used for the hop-based measurement, an association between the PRS repetition factor and the measurement repetitions (e.g., mK) used for the hop-based measurement, an association between the PRS bandwidth and the number of hops used for the hop-based measurement, and an association between the PRS bandwidth and the hop pattern used for the hop-based measurement.

[0149] The WTRU can determine the hopping bandwidth based on the PRS bandwidth. If the PRS bandwidth is not an integer multiple of the hopping bandwidth, the WTRU can indicate the start and / or end positions in the frequency domain for each hopping bandwidth. Alternatively, the WTRU can indicate the duration of the hopping bandwidth in the frequency domain to the network and return measurements of the remaining resources in the frequency domain. As an example, if N and L are the PRS bandwidth and hopping bandwidth, respectively, the WTRU can also report measurements corresponding to the remaining bandwidth N-LT, where T can be an integer.

[0150] The WTRU can determine parameters (e.g., number of repetitions) used for hop-based measurements based on measurement conditions (e.g., RSRP) and / or channel conditions (e.g., Doppler frequency, number of multipaths). As an example, if the WTRU can be configured with candidates for a repetition factor mK for measurements, and if the average RSRP across all hops is below a pre-configured threshold, the WTRU can determine to set mK to the maximum number. The WTRU can receive association rules between the range of RSRP and mK from the network. The WTRU can also determine mK based on Doppler information (e.g., Doppler spread / frequency shift). For example, the WTRU can receive association rules between the range of Doppler frequency shift and mK from the network. The WTRU can determine the hop pattern and number of hops based on Doppler frequency shift according to mapping rules. The WTRU can receive association rules between the range of Doppler frequency shift and the number of hops from the network.

[0151] In another example, the WTRU can be configured with a frequency hopping configuration for SRSp transmissions (e.g., hopping bandwidth, hopping duration, hopping bandwidth, hopping duration). For example, the hopping bandwidth can correspond to the SRSp bandwidth configured for the WTRU. The WTRU can determine the frequency hopping configuration based on the number of hops or the bandwidth allocated for SRSp. The WTRU can use pre-configured association rules that associate hopping parameters with the SRSp bandwidth.

[0152] The WTRU can receive silent mode configurations. The WTRU can be configured with a silent mode on transition modes for PRS transmission. The silent mode indicates which transitions are silenced by the network. Based on the silent mode, the WTRU can determine the reception of PRS. The silent mode can be represented by a bitmap, where each bit in the bitmap corresponds to a transition in FH mode. Figure 9 An example of a silent mode for PRS frequency hopping is shown. The WTRU receives silent mode "10" for an FH mode with two hops. The WTRU can receive PRS corresponding to "hop 1". Figure 10 In another example shown, the WTRU can receive a silent mode "1110", which indicates that the WTRU can receive PSR in both the first and second transitions 1 and the first transition 2, but not during the second transition 2 in the mode.

[0153] Depending on their capabilities, WTRUs may include multipath measurement results in their reports. Examples of multipath measurement results include the RSRP for each path, the relative RSRP for each path compared to the reference path / PRS, the time difference of arrival for each path, and the relative time difference of arrival for each path relative to the reference path / PRS.

[0154] The WTRU can receive configuration from the network for measurement gaps corresponding to the FH (Front-Hitch) mode used for the PRS. The WTRU can send a request to the network for measurement gaps used to receive the PRS according to the FH mode. In another example, the WTRU can receive configuration related to the priority ordering window associated with the FH mode. The WTRU can receive the priority level of the PRS compared to other downlink reference signals or channels. In another example, the WTRU can determine whether to enable hop-based measurements and measurement processing based on whether measurement gaps or priority ordering windows can be configured for the PRS. If measurement gaps are configured for the PRS, the WTRU can determine whether to enable hop-based measurements. If priority ordering windows are configured for the PRS, the WTRU can determine whether to disable hop-based measurements.

[0155] WTRU can determine whether to enable or disable jump-based measurements and measurement processing based on the priority level associated with the priority sorting window. For example, if a "low" priority level is configured for the PRS within the priority sorting window, WTRU can determine to disable jump-based measurements. If the priority level of the PRS within the priority sorting window is configured to "high," WTRU can determine to enable jump-based measurements and measurement processing.

[0156] If the WTRU determines to disable hop-based measurements, it can determine to perform measurements on the configured bandwidth instead of hop-pattern-based measurements. The bandwidth used for measurement can be a sub-bandwidth configured by the network. The WTRU can determine the bandwidth used for measurement based on a default configuration configured / broadcast by the network. The WTRU can also determine the bandwidth used for measurement based on the PRS configuration. For example, the WTRU can determine the sub-bandwidth that is likely closest to the center or edge of the PRS bandwidth for measurement. A default bandwidth or sub-bandwidth can be specified.

[0157] According to the implementation scheme, the WTRU sends its capability information (e.g., reduced bandwidth support) to the network. The WTRU receives the PRS configuration from the network. The WTRU further receives configuration related to the priority sorting window (e.g., the priority level of the PRS). The WTRU receives association rules between measurement parameters (e.g., repetition count) and channel conditions from the LMF within the network. The WTRU may further receive Doppler shift information of the channel from the gNB within the network. The WTRU then determines the measurement mode. If the PRS priority level is high, the WTRU determines that hop-based measurement is enabled. If hop-based measurement is enabled, the WTRU determines the hop parameters (e.g., the WTRU determines the repetition count in the measurement based on the Doppler shift information and association rules) based on the Doppler shift information. If the PRS priority level is low, the WTRU determines that hop-based measurement is disabled. If hop-based measurement is disabled, the WTRU performs measurements on the default bandwidth. The WTRU receives the PRS and performs measurements according to the mHop pattern (e.g., RSRP, RSTD). The WTRU sends a measurement report (e.g., RSRP) to the network.

[0158] In the implementation, the WTRU can be configured with a frequency hopping mode for SRS for positioning. The WTRU can receive hopping modes spanning time (e.g., symbol, time slot) and frequency (e.g., frequency layer, BWP, subband of BWP, frequency band, subband). For example, the WTRU can be configured with... Figure 6 The pattern shown is similar to the pattern described. The WTRU can receive configurations from RRC and / or LPP messages from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF). Frequency hopping modes can be configured by frequency layer, PRS resource set, or PRS resource. In an implementation, the WTRU can be configured with more than one frequency hopping mode. The WTRU can determine the frequency hopping mode based on measurements of time and / or frequency resources used for SRF transmission (e.g., RSRP). For example, if the measurement corresponding to the resource used for the hopping mode is higher than a pre-configured threshold, the WTRU can determine to transmit an SRF for the selected frequency hopping mode.

[0159] In the implementation, the WTRU can be configured to use more than one BWP, band sub-BWP, and / or sub-band for UL data transmission. The WTRU can determine that the resources used for data transmission are the same as those used for SRSp transmission (e.g., for positioning). In the implementation, the WTRU can receive configuration for more than one frequency layer for positioning. If one or more conditions are met, the WTRU can determine to associate the frequency layer with each band / sub-band / BWP / sub-BWP used for data transmission. In the implementation, the WTRU can receive from the network an indication for associating the frequency layer with the band / sub-band / BWP / sub-BWP used for data transmission. In the implementation, the RSRP corresponding to the configuration resources corresponding to the SRSp can be lower than a pre-configured threshold.

[0160] In the implementation, the WTRU can determine the use of more than one frequency band / subband / BWP / sub-BWP based on the configuration. For example, the WTRU can receive a configuration using N frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs or up to N frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs. In the implementation, based on the required QoS (e.g., RSRP), the WTRU can determine how many frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs are needed for the SRSp transmission. Furthermore, the WTRU can transmit SRSp across frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs during the duration or follow a configured hopping pattern. The WTRU can also receive a table associating the hopping pattern with the number of frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs, allowing different frequency hopping patterns to be applied to SRSp transmissions on different numbers of frequency bands / subbands / BWPs / sub-BWPs. In the implementation, the WTRU can be configured with multiple frequency layers for positioning, where each frequency layer is associated with a bandwidth portion (BWP). For example... Figure 11As shown in the example, the WTRU can be configured with two cells, namely PCell and SCell, where each cell can be configured with two BWPs, namely BWP1 and BWP2. {FL1, FL2} are associated with BWP1 of PCell, and {FL3, FL4, FL5} are associated with BWP2 of PCell. {FL6, FL7} are associated with BWP1 of SCell, and {FL8, FL9} are associated with BWP2 of SCell. Initially, FL1 and FL2 can be enabled, and BWP1 of PCell can be the active BWP. Based on the required data throughput, the gNB activates SCell for the WTRU and instructs the WTRU to use BWP1 of SCell as the active BWP. For example, the WTRU can receive a MAC CE from the gNB, thereby activating SCell. In an implementation, the WTRU can enable additional frequency layers based on the activated cell and the active BWP. This activation can occur during PRS measurements using the enabled frequency layers (i.e., FL1 and FL2) if the WTRU determines that the measured PRS is below a configured threshold. Figure 11 In the example shown, the WTRU enables FL6 and FL7 associated with BWP1 of the SCell. The WTRU then measures the newly enabled frequency layers and returns a measurement report to the LMF along with an indication of the frequency layers used during the measurement.

[0161] For the purposes described above, “PRS” and “SRS” or “SRS for positioning” are used interchangeably. Furthermore, although features and elements have been described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Additionally, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile optical discs (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU 102, WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0162] In the above embodiments, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices including processors are specified. These devices may include at least one central processing unit (“CPU”) and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions can be executed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as “executed,” “computer-executed,” or “CPU-executed.”

[0163] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the actions and symbols representing operations or instructions include the CPU's manipulation of electrical signals. The electrical system represents data bits that can result in the final transformation or reduction of electrical signals and the retention of data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the CPU's operation and performing other signal processing. The memory location holding the data bits is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representing the data bits. It should be understood that exemplary embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs described above, and other platforms and CPUs may also support the provided methods.

[0164] Data bits may also be stored on a computer-readable medium, including disks, optical disks, and any other CPU-readable volatile (e.g., random access memory (“RAM”) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (“ROM”) mass storage system. The computer-readable medium may include cooperative or interconnected computer-readable media that are uniquely present on the processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems, which may be local or remote relative to the processing system. It should be understood that representative embodiments are not limited to the memory described above, and other platforms and memories may also support the method described.

[0165] In exemplary embodiments, any of the operations, processes, etc., described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. These computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0166] There is little difference between the hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software typically (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software can become important in certain contexts) represents a design choice that weighs cost against efficiency. Various media (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) may exist to implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein, and the preferred media may vary depending on the context of the deployment of the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a media that is primarily hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0167] The above detailed description has illustrated various embodiments of the apparatus and / or process using block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Where such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Suitable processors include (by way of example) general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, conventional processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, controllers, microcontrollers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and / or state machines.

[0168] Although features and elements have been provided above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this patent application, which are intended as examples of various aspects. Many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless expressly stated otherwise, no element, action, or description used in this specification should be construed as essential or necessary to the invention. Based on the foregoing description, functionally equivalent methods and apparatus within the scope of this disclosure, other than those listed herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. This disclosure is limited only to the terms of the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents of such claimed claims. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to any particular method or system.

[0169] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, when referred to herein, the term “station” and its abbreviation “STA”, “user equipment” and its abbreviation “UE” may mean: (i) a wireless transmitting and / or receiving unit (WTRU), as described below; (ii) any of several embodiments of a WTRU, as described below; (iii) equipment having wireless and / or wired (e.g., tetherable) capabilities configured with (particularly) some or all of the structure and functions of a WTRU, as described below; (iii) equipment having wireless and / or wired capabilities configured with less than all the structure and functions of a WTRU, as described below; or (iv) etc. The following is about Figures 1A to 1D Details of an exemplary WTRU that can represent any WTRU described herein are provided.

[0170] In some representative embodiments, portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein are equivalently implemented, in whole or in part, in an integrated circuit as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware, or virtually any combination thereof, and that designing circuitry and / or writing code for software and / or firmware according to this disclosure will be entirely within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as program products in various forms, and the exemplary embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform such distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, recordable media (such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, digital magnetic tapes, computer memory, etc.); and transmission media (such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.)).

[0171] The topics described herein sometimes illustrate different components contained within or connected to different other components. It should be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and many other architectures can in fact achieve the same functionality. Conceptually, any arrangement of components achieving the same function is effectively “associated” to enable the desired functionality. Therefore, any two components combined herein to achieve a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to enable the desired functionality, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two such associated components can also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components that can be suchly associated can also be considered “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably coupled components include, but are not limited to, components that can physically cooperate and / or physically interact and / or components that can wirelessly interact and / or logically interact and / or logically interact.

[0172] Regarding virtually any plural and / or singular terms used herein, those skilled in the art can appropriately convert them from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural depending on the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural permutations may be explicitly listed herein.

[0173] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terminology used herein, particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), is typically intended as “open-ended” terms (e.g., the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that if it is intended to specify a particular number of introduced claim objects, such intention will be explicitly stated in the claims, and if no such claim objects are present, such intention will not exist. For example, the term “single” or similar language may be used where only one item is anticipated. To aid understanding, the appended claims and / or the description herein may contain the use of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim objects. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that any particular claim containing such introduced claim objects is limited to an embodiment containing only one such claim object by using the indefinite articles “a” or “an.” Even when the same claim includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"), this is also true. The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce the subject matter of a claim. Furthermore, even when a specific number of the introduced subject matter of a claim is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a statement should be interpreted as meaning at least the stated number (e.g., a bare statement of "two subject matters" without other modifiers means at least two subject matters, or two or more subject matters). Additionally, in instances where conventions such as "at least one of A, B, and C" are used, generally speaking, such constructions mean that those skilled in the art will understand that convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having both A and B, having both A and C, having both B and C, and / or having both A, B, and C, etc.). In instances where conventions such as "at least one of A, B, or C" are used, generally speaking, such a construction implies that a person skilled in the art will understand that the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" includes, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having both A and B, having both A and C, having both B and C, and / or having both A, B, and C, etc.). A person skilled in the art should also understand that, in fact, any separate words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one term, any one of the terms, or both terms.For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”. Additionally, as used herein, the term “any one of…” followed by a list of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include items alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories, “any one of,” “any combination,” “any multiple,” and / or “any combination of multiples of.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “group” or “cluster” is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term “quantity” is intended to include any quantity, including zero.

[0174] Furthermore, where features or aspects of this disclosure are described in accordance with the Markush Group, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure is also described in accordance with any individual member of the Markush Group or a subgroup of its members.

[0175] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes (such as for providing a written description), all scopes disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any listed scope can be readily identified as sufficiently descriptive and such that the same scope can be divided into at least two equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As those skilled in the art will also understand, all language such as “at most,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” etc., includes the referenced number and refers to a scope that can subsequently be divided into subscopes as described above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual number. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 units means a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 units means a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, etc.

[0176] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the claims should not be construed as being limited to the order or elements provided. Additionally, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to refer to the claim format of 35 USC §112, ¶ 6 or means plus function, and any claim without the term "means for..." is not intended to be so.

[0177] While the invention has been shown and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made to the details within the scope and domain of the equivalents of the claims without departing from the invention.

[0178] Throughout this disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that certain representative embodiments may be used in alternative forms or in combination with other representative embodiments.

[0179] Although features and elements have been described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile optical discs (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a UE, WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0180] Furthermore, the above embodiments specify processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices including processors. These devices may include at least one central processing unit (“CPU”) and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions can be executed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as “executed,” “computer-executed,” or “CPU-executed.”

[0181] Those skilled in the art will recognize that actions and symbols representing operations or instructions include the CPU's manipulation of electrical signals. Electrical systems represent data bits that can lead to the final transformation or reduction of electrical signals and the retention of data bits at memory locations in a memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the CPU's operations and performing other signal processing. The memory location holding the data bits is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits.

[0182] Data bits may also be stored on a computer-readable medium, including disks, optical disks, and any other CPU-readable volatile (e.g., random access memory (“RAM”) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (“ROM”)) mass storage system. The computer-readable medium may include cooperative or interconnected computer-readable media that are uniquely present on the processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems, which may be local or remote relative to the processing system. It should be understood that representative embodiments are not limited to the memory described above, and other platforms and memories may also support the method described.

[0183] Unless explicitly described herein, no element, action, or description used in this application specification should be construed as essential or necessary to the invention. Additionally, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items. Where only one item is anticipated, the term “a” or similar language is used. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “any one of…” followed by a list of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include items alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories, “any one of,” “any combination,” “any multiple,” and / or “any combination of multiples of.” Moreover, as used herein, the term “group” is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term “quantity” is intended to include any quantity, including zero.

[0184] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the claims should not be construed as being limited to the order or elements described. Additionally, the use of the term "apparatus" in any claim is intended to invoke 35 USC §112, ¶ 6, and any claim without the term "apparatus" is not intended to be so.

[0185] Suitable processors include (by way of example) general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, conventional processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, controllers, microcontrollers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC) and / or state machines.

[0186] The software-associated processor can be used to implement the radio frequency transceiver in a Transmitter-Receiver Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), terminal, base station, Mobility Management Entity (MME), or Evolved Packet Core (EPC), or any host. The WTRU can be used in conjunction with modules and can be implemented in hardware and / or software including: Software-defined Radio (SDR) and other components such as cameras, video camera modules, videophones, speakerphones, vibration devices, speakers, microphones, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, keypads, and Bluetooth. ® Modules, FM radio units, Near Field Communication (NFC) modules, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) units, Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) units, Digital Music Players, Media Players, Video Game Players, Internet Browsers, and / or any Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) or Ultra-Wideband (UWB) modules.

[0187] Although the invention has been described in relation to a communication system, it is conceivable that the system can be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general-purpose computer (not shown). In some embodiments, one or more functions of the various components can be implemented in software that controls the general-purpose computer.

[0188] Furthermore, while the invention has been shown and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made to the details within the scope and domain of equivalents of the claims without departing from the invention.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: Processor, the processor being configured to: Receive configuration information from the network, the configuration information indicating multiple frequency layers (FL); At least receive a first PRS associated with a first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to a first FL among the plurality of FLs and a second PRS associated with a second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to a second FL among the plurality of FLs; At least one measurement report value is determined based on at least the first PRS associated with the first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the first FL among the plurality of FLs and the second PRS associated with the second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the second FL among the plurality of FLs; and Send a measurement report, which includes at least one measurement report value and an indication of at least the first FL and the second FL.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of FLs is associated with a corresponding identifier (ID).

3. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates the corresponding bandwidth and corresponding frequency location information for each of the plurality of FLs.

4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the measurement report value corresponds to at least a converged reference signal received power measurement or a converged reference signal time delay measurement associated with the first FL and the second FL.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and repetition factor are shared for the first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the first FL and the second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the second FL.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein at least one comb factor is shared for both the first FL and the second FL.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is a processor configured to activate at least the first FL and the second FL based on the measurement report.

8. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the measurement report includes an indication of the number of FLs associated with the at least one measurement report value.

9. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is a processor configured to: determine that the first measurement report value is below a configured threshold, and send a request in the measurement report for receiving an additional PRS associated with an additional set of one or more PRS resources corresponding to an additional FL among the plurality of FLs.

10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the processor is a processor configured to receive second configuration information from a network, the second configuration information indicating a plurality of FLs for location measurements of a third PRS associated with one or more PRS resources of a third group corresponding to a third FL among the plurality of FLs.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising the following steps: Receive configuration information from the network, the configuration information indicating multiple frequency layers (FL); At least receive a first PRS associated with a first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to a first FL among the plurality of FLs and a second PRS associated with a second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to a second FL among the plurality of FLs; At least one measurement report value is determined based on the first PRS associated with the first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the first FL among the plurality of FLs and the second PRS associated with the second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the second FL among the plurality of FLs. as well as Send a measurement report, which includes at least one measurement report value and an indication of at least the first FL and the second FL.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of FLs is associated with a corresponding identifier (ID).

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration information indicates the corresponding bandwidth and corresponding frequency location information for each of the plurality of FLs.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the measurement report value corresponds to at least a converged reference signal received power measurement or a converged reference signal time delay measurement associated with the first FL and the second FL.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one OFDM symbol and repetition factor are shared for the first group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the first FL and the second group of one or more PRS resources corresponding to the second FL.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the comb factor is shared for both the first FL and the second FL.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising activating at least the first FL and the second FL based on the measurement report.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the measurement report includes an indication of the number of FLs associated with the at least one measurement report value.

19. The method of claim 11, comprising: If the first measurement report value is determined to be lower than a configured threshold, a request is sent in the measurement report to receive an additional PRS associated with an additional set of one or more PRS resources corresponding to an additional FL among the plurality of FLs.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising receiving second configuration information, the second configuration information indicating a plurality of FLs for positioning measurements of a third PRS associated with one or more PRS resources of a third group corresponding to a third FL among the plurality of FLs.

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