Vibration monitoring device, supercharger, and vibration monitoring method

Abstract

A vibration monitoring device for monitoring vibration of a rotating body including an impeller part of a rotating machine, the vibration monitoring device being provided with: a rotation sensor which is disposed at a distance from the impeller part in the radial direction and outputs a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body; the output of the rotation signal changes according to the distance between the impeller part and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition unit that acquires a plurality of segments in which the output of the rotation signal exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and a vibration signal acquisition unit that detects a peak value from each of the plurality of segments, and acquires a vibration signal that is a signal relating to vibration of the impeller section based on a change in the peak value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration monitoring device for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body of rotating machinery, a booster equipped with the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method.

[0002] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-156326 filed with the Japan Patent Office on September 21, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Rotating machinery such as turbomachinery includes an impeller that rotates integrally with a rotor. This impeller has multiple blades and is housed within a casing (e.g., Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses an invention that uses a rotation sensor disposed with a gap on the outer periphery of the impeller (the wheel of a centrifugal compressor) to acquire the rotational speed, vibration, and gap of the impeller (rotating body).

[0004] Previous technical documents Patent documents Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-224847. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the invention In the invention described in Patent Document 1, when detecting a peak value where the gap between the rotary sensor and the impeller is extremely small based on the output from the rotary sensor, the detection accuracy may be poor if an analog circuit is used. Furthermore, when digitally processing the output from the rotary sensor using a computer such as an electronic control device, the output is stored in a storage unit as time-series data, and peak values ​​are detected from this time-series data to detect the vibration waveform. Since the detection of these peak values ​​or vibration waveforms depends on the signal processing (processing speed) of the electronic control device, equipment with relatively high computing power is required, leading to an increase in the cost of the main monitoring device.

[0006] In view of the above, the object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a vibration monitoring device, a booster equipped with the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method, wherein the vibration monitoring device can accurately acquire the vibration components of the rotating body of rotating machinery without using equipment with high computing power.

[0007] means for solving technical problems At least one embodiment of the present invention relates to a vibration monitoring device for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body including an impeller portion of rotating machinery, comprising: A rotation sensor is arranged radially spaced from the impeller portion and outputs a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body, and is configured such that the output of the rotation signal changes according to the distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor; The segment acquisition unit acquires multiple segments of the rotation signal whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The vibration signal acquisition unit detects peak values ​​from each of the plurality of segments and acquires a vibration signal, which is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on the changes in the peak values.

[0008] At least one embodiment of the present invention relates to a booster comprising: the vibration monitoring device; a compressor including the impeller portion disposed at one end of the rotating body; and a turbine disposed at the other end of the rotating body.

[0009] At least one embodiment of the present invention relates to a vibration monitoring method for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body including an impeller portion of rotating machinery, comprising the following steps: The rotation signal output step involves a rotation sensor, which is arranged radially at a distance from the impeller, outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body; that is, the rotation signal outputs a variable signal depending on the distance between the impeller and the rotation sensor. The segment acquisition step involves acquiring multiple segments in the rotation signal whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The vibration signal acquisition step involves detecting a peak value from each of the plurality of segments and acquiring a vibration signal, i.e., a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on the variation of the peak value.

[0010] Invention Effects According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, a vibration monitoring device, a booster equipped with the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method are provided. The vibration monitoring device does not require the use of equipment with high computing power and can accurately acquire the vibration components of the rotating body of rotating machinery. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a diagram that schematically illustrates the structure of a rotating machine equipped with a vibration monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of a rotation sensor in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the output of a rotation sensor in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating multiple sections in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the vibration signal in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the pulse signal and rotation pulse signal in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a graph representing the amplitude-frequency response of a bandpass filter.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a vibration monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc., of the constituent parts described as embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples.

[0020] (Rotating machinery) Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a rotating machine 2 equipped with a vibration monitoring device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Several embodiments of the vibration monitoring device 1 and vibration monitoring method are used to monitor the vibration of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machine 2. The rotating machine 2 is configured to rotate the rotating body 21 about a central axis CA. The rotating machine 2 includes a rotating body 21, a bearing 22 rotatably supporting the rotating body 21, and a housing 23 housing the rotating body 21 and the bearing 22. The bearing 22 is supported by the housing 23. The housing 23 is configured such that the rotating body 21 remains stationary (does not rotate) even when rotating.

[0021] In the following embodiments, a turbocharger 2A, which is a rotating machine 2, and more specifically, an exhaust turbocharger mounted on a ship and used to boost the intake air of an engine, will be used as an example. Furthermore, the vibration monitoring device 1 and vibration monitoring method according to the present invention can also be applied to turbochargers 2A other than exhaust turbochargers or rotating machines 2 other than turbochargers 2A. For example, an electric compressor configured as a motor-driven rotating machine 2 other than turbocharger 2A can be cited as an example of a rotating machine 2.

[0022] Hereinafter, the direction extending from the central axis CA of the rotating body 21 is defined as the axial direction of the rotating body 21 (rotating machine 2), the direction orthogonal to the central axis CA is defined as the radial direction of the rotating body 21 (rotating machine 2), and the circumferential direction around the central axis CA is defined as the circumferential direction of the rotating body 21 (rotating machine 2). Hereinafter, the axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction of the rotating body 21 (rotating machine 2) will sometimes be simply referred to as axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction.

[0023] The rotating body 21 includes a rotating shaft 24 extending along a central axis CA and an impeller portion 25 mounted on the rotating shaft 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotating body 21 of the turbocharger 2A includes the rotating shaft 24, a compressor 25A, and a turbine 25B. The compressor 25A is configured to compress intake air (e.g., air) directed to an engine (not shown). The turbine 25B is configured to be driven by energy from exhaust gas emitted from the engine (not shown). Alternatively, in the illustrated embodiment, the compressor 25A is provided as the impeller portion 25, but the turbine 25B may also be provided as the impeller portion 25.

[0024] The compressor 25A is located on one side of the axial direction of the rotating shaft 24. Figure 1 (Left side), turbine 25B is located on the other side of the axial direction of rotating shaft 24 ( Figure 1 (Right side). The rotating shaft 24 connects the compressor 25A and the turbine 25B on the same axis. The rotating shaft 24 is supported by the bearing 22 between the compressor 25A and the turbine 25B in the axial direction, allowing it to rotate. The rotating body 21 can rotate about the central axis CA by rotatably supporting the rotating shaft 24 on the bearing 22.

[0025] When the exhaust gas passes through the turbine 25B, the energy of the exhaust gas is converted into the rotational energy of the turbine 25B. The rotating shaft 24 connected to the turbine 25B and the compressor 25A rotate together with the turbine 25B around the central axis CA.

[0026] (Impeller section) Figure 2 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the configuration of the rotation sensor 3 in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The symbol R indicates the direction of rotation of the impeller section 25. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the impeller section 25 has a hub 26 mounted on a rotating shaft 24 and a plurality of blades 27 protruding from the outer peripheral surface 261 of the hub 26. Since the hub 26 is mechanically fixed to the rotating shaft 24, the hub 26 and the plurality of blades 27 can rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 24. The plurality of blades 27 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. Each blade 27 has: a hub-side end 271 at its base end, which is connected to the outer peripheral surface 261 of the hub 26; and a tip end 272 at its tip. The hub-side end 271 is the end of one side (radially inward) of the blade 27 in the span direction, and the tip end 272 is the end of the blade 27 on the other side (radially outward) in the span direction. The span direction refers to the direction connecting the hub-side end 271 and the tip end 272 at each dimensionless meridional length position.

[0027] In the illustrated embodiment, compressor 25A is a centrifugal compressor configured to guide intake air from the aforementioned axial side to the radially outer side. The outer peripheral surface 261 of hub 26 is formed in a concave-bend shape, with the distance from the central axis CA increasing as it moves from the aforementioned axial side toward the other side.

[0028] (Rotation sensor) like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the rotation sensor 3 is arranged radially with a gap between it and the impeller portion 25. The rotation sensor 3 is disposed on the outer periphery of the plurality of blades 27, specifically within the area where the plurality of blades 27 exist axially. The rotation sensor 3 is fixed in position by being supported on the housing 23, etc. The rotation sensor 3 is configured to output a rotation signal A synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body 21. The output of the rotation signal A changes according to the distance D between the impeller portion 25 and the rotation sensor 3. In the following embodiment, the case where the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a voltage value will be described, but the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 can also be a current value.

[0029] The rotation sensor 3 can be, for example, a magnetic sensor capable of detecting changes in the magnetic field from multiple blades 27, or an optical sensor that detects the distance between multiple blades 27 by reflecting light from a laser beam.

[0030] In one embodiment, the rotation sensor 3 is an eddy current displacement sensor configured to detect the distance of the blades 27 by generating eddy currents on the multiple blades 27. The eddy current displacement sensor consists of a coil that generates a high-frequency magnetic flux. The change in the eddy currents generated at the multiple blades 27 (the target of measurement) is detected as a change in the coil's impedance by utilizing the high-frequency magnetic flux generated by the coil. In other words, the eddy current displacement sensor detects the change in the coil's impedance as a result of the aforementioned distance D change accompanying the rotation of the impeller section 25.

[0031] In one embodiment, the rotation sensor 3 is a laser displacement sensor, which has a laser head that irradiates a laser beam, irradiates the laser beam from the laser head onto a plurality of blades 27, and detects the distance from the laser head to the blades 27 based on the reflected light of the laser beam.

[0032] Figure 3 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the output of the rotation sensor 3 in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The graph, with time on the horizontal axis and the output (e.g., voltage value) of the rotation sensor 3 on the vertical axis, shows the output waveform of the rotation sensor 3. The output (output signal) of the rotation sensor 3 is synchronized with the rotation of the impeller section 25. During one rotation cycle of the impeller section 25, an output corresponding to the distance D between each of the plurality of blades 27 and the rotation sensor 3 is obtained from the rotation sensor 3.

[0033] exist Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the impeller portion 25 has 11 blades 27. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The symbols N1 to N11 in the diagram represent the positions where the distance to the rotation sensor 3 of each of the multiple blades 27 is minimized. These positions N1 to N11 are located on the blade tip side 272. These positions N1 to N11 are preferably the same or approximately the same radial distance from the central axis CA. Here, approximately the same radial distance from the central axis CA means that when the radial distance D1 from the central axis CA of any one of the positions N1 to N11 is defined as the radial distance D2 from the central axis CA of the other positions N1 to N11, the condition 0.95D1≤D2≤1.05D1 is satisfied.

[0034] exist Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, the output (voltage value) of the rotation sensor 3 increases as the distance D between the plurality of blades 27 and the rotation sensor 3 decreases. The tip 272 of each of the plurality of blades 27 is closest to the rotation sensor 3. Therefore, the rotation sensor 3 can obtain a peak (maximum) output (voltage value) at the tip 272 of each of the plurality of blades 27. Thus, during one revolution of the impeller section 25, the rotation sensor 3 obtains the peak (maximum) value of the number of blades 27.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments includes at least the aforementioned rotation sensor 3, segment acquisition unit 4, and vibration signal acquisition unit 5. The segment acquisition unit 4 is electrically connected to the rotation sensor 3 and can acquire the output value of the rotation sensor 3, i.e., the rotation signal A. In the illustrated embodiment, the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 are each composed of analog circuits that can be manufactured relatively inexpensively. Alternatively, the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 can each be composed of a computer, such as an electronic control device. This computer includes processors such as CPU and GPU (not shown), memories such as ROM and RAM, and I / O interfaces. The segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5, composed of a computer, operate (perform calculations, etc.) according to instructions from a program loaded into memory, thereby realizing the various functional units possessed by the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5. The segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 can be functional units included in a single electronic control device.

[0036] (Section Acquisition Department) Figure 4 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating multiple segments S in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 In the graph, with time on the horizontal axis and the output (e.g., voltage value) of the segment acquisition unit 4 on the vertical axis, the output waveform (signal waveform) of the segment acquisition unit 4 is shown. The segment acquisition unit 4 is configured to acquire multiple segments S (S1 to S11) from the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 that exceed a predetermined threshold TL. When the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a voltage value, it is preferable that the threshold TL is also a voltage value. Furthermore, when the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a current value, it is preferable that the threshold TL is also a current value.

[0037] The segment acquisition unit 4 begins acquiring the rotation signal A when the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold TL. Then, the segment acquisition unit 4 continues acquiring the rotation signal A until it decreases to the predetermined threshold TL after exceeding its peak value (maximum value). Each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11) represents the rotation signal A during the period from the aforementioned starting point to the point where the rotation signal A decreases to the predetermined threshold TL.

[0038] During the periods between each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), that is, during the periods when the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 is below a predetermined threshold TL, the segment acquisition unit 4 does not need to acquire the rotation signal A. The segment acquisition unit 4 can output a preset value (e.g., zero voltage) during the periods between the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), or it can block the output. The vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is electrically connected to the segment acquisition unit 4 and can acquire the output value of the segment acquisition unit 4. The output of the segment acquisition unit 4 includes multiple segments S (S1 to S11).

[0039] (Vibration signal acquisition unit) Figure 5 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating a vibration signal in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 In the graph shown, with time on the horizontal axis and the output of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5, i.e., the vibration signal C, on the vertical axis, the waveform of the signal acquired from the vibration signal C is displayed. The vibration signal C includes the amplitude AP of the vibration signal C (reference...). Figure 4 The vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is configured to detect peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) in each of the plurality of segments S (S1 to S11) acquired by the segment acquisition unit 4. Furthermore, the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is configured to acquire a vibration signal C based on the changes in the plurality of peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) detected from the plurality of segments S (S1 to S11). The vibration signal C is a signal capable of acquiring information about the vibration of the impeller section 25. This vibration information includes, for example, vibration frequency, vibration magnitude, or vibration velocity.

[0040] According to the above structure, peak PV (PV1 to PV11) can be detected from each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), and vibration signal C corresponding to the change of peak PV can be acquired. That is, data whose output in the time series data of the rotation signal A does not reach the aforementioned threshold TL can be excluded from the detection targets of peak PV, and each of the multiple segments S can be set as the detection target of peak PV. In this case, compared with the case of directly detecting peak PV from the time series data of the rotation signal A, since the detection target of peak PV can be defined, peak PV can be acquired more accurately. By acquiring peak PV with good accuracy, the vibration component of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machinery 2 can be acquired with good accuracy. Furthermore, according to the above structure, the detection target of peak PV can be defined, so it is not necessary to use equipment with high computing power required when directly detecting peak PV from the time series data of the rotation signal A, that is, peak PV can be detected and vibration signal C can be acquired.

[0041] In the vibration monitoring device 1 described in several embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the vibration signal C maintains the first peak PVA between the first peak PVA and the next peak PVB (PV1 to PV11) among the multiple peaks PV (PV1 to PV11). For example, the peak PV1 becomes the vibration signal C during the period from the time point when peak PV1 is acquired to the time point when peak PV2 is acquired. That is, as... Figure 5 As shown, the signal waveform obtained from the vibration signal C consists of multiple peaks PV (PV1~PV11) that change in a step-like manner.

[0042] Based on the above structure, by setting a peak PV (PVA) between multiple peak PVs (PVA, PVB), the vibration signal C can be easily acquired. Therefore, the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 can acquire the vibration signal C from multiple segments S without using a device with high computing power.

[0043] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments, when the above-mentioned threshold is defined as TL and the design peak value of the impeller section 25 is defined as SP, the threshold TL satisfies the condition 40%SP≤TL≤60%SP. The design peak value SP can be set based on steady-state test data, or it can be made based on past performance values ​​or experimental values, numerical analysis results, etc., other than steady-state test data.

[0044] Based on the above structure, even if the output does not meet half or approximately half of the design peak value SP of the impeller section 25 (40%SP≤TL≤60%SP), there will be no problem even if the peak value PV is excluded from the detection target. In this case, the detection target of the peak value PV can be effectively limited, thus enabling the peak value PV to be obtained with good accuracy.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments further includes a filter command value output unit 6 and a bandpass filter 7. The filter command value output unit 6 is electrically connected to the rotation sensor 3 and can acquire the output value of the rotation sensor 3, i.e., the rotation signal A. The bandpass filter 7 is electrically connected to the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and the filter command value output unit 6, so as to acquire the output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5, i.e., the vibration signal C, and the output value of the filter command value output unit 6, i.e., the filter command value B.

[0046] (Filter command value output section) The filter command value output unit 6 outputs a filter command value B corresponding to the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 calculated based on the rotation signal A. The filter command value output unit 6 is a computer such as an electronic control device, equipped with a processor (not shown) such as a CPU or GPU, a memory such as ROM or RAM, and I / O interfaces. The filter command value output unit 6 performs operations (such as calculations) according to commands from a program loaded into memory, thereby implementing the various functions of the filter command value output unit 6.

[0047] In the illustrated implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the filter command value output unit 6 includes a rectifier 61, a frequency divider 62, a speed calculator 63, and a converter 64. Figure 6 This is an explanatory diagram illustrating the pulse signal F and the rotation pulse signal G in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 The diagram shows a rotation signal A for one cycle, a pulse signal F corresponding to the rotation signal A, and a rotation pulse signal G.

[0048] The rectifier 61 rectifies the rotation signal A output by the rotation sensor 3 and converts it into a pulse signal F, which includes pulses (the portion of the waveform with a large displacement change F1) corresponding to the number of blades 27 during one rotation of the rotating body 21. The frequency divider 62 divides the pulse signal F converted by the rectifier 61 and converts it into a rotation pulse signal G containing one pulse (the portion of the waveform with a large displacement change G1) during one rotation of the rotating body 21.

[0049] The rotational speed calculator 63 calculates the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 based on the rotational pulse signal G converted by the frequency divider 62. For example, the rotational speed calculator 63 counts the number of pulses contained in the rotational pulse signal G per unit time and calculates the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 based on the number of pulses per unit time. The converter 64 inputs the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 calculated by the rotational speed calculator 63 and outputs a filter command value B corresponding to the rotational speed N. The filter command value B output from the converter 64 can change constantly according to the rotating signal A or the rotational speed N that changes over time. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter command value B is a voltage value obtained by converting the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 using a preset conversion method. In addition, in some embodiments, the filter command value B can be a current value obtained by converting the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 using a preset conversion method.

[0050] (Bandpass filter) The bandpass filter 7 takes the vibration signal C acquired from the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and the filter command value B acquired from the filter command value output unit 6 (converter 64) as inputs. It extracts a signal from the vibration signal C that includes a passband containing the center frequency FB set according to the filter command value B, and outputs this signal as a vibration-related signal synchronized with the rotation of the impeller unit 25, namely, a rotational synchronous vibration signal E. The bandpass filter 7 outputs the rotational synchronous vibration signal E. The rotational synchronous vibration signal E is a signal capable of acquiring information about vibrations synchronized with the rotation of the impeller unit 25. This information includes, for example, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, or vibration velocity. The rotational synchronous vibration signal E includes information about the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E. Figure 5 As shown, the phase angle of the rotating synchronous vibration signal E corresponds to the phase angle of the rotating signal A and the phase angle of the vibration signal C.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the amplitude-frequency response of bandpass filter 7. Figure 7 In the graph, the horizontal axis represents frequency on a logarithmic scale, and the vertical axis represents decibel values. Figure 7 In the diagram, V1 represents the characteristics of bandpass filter 7 when the voltage value (filter command value B) is 0.1V, V2 represents the characteristics of bandpass filter 7 when the voltage value is 1V, and V3 represents the characteristics of bandpass filter 7 when the voltage value is 10V.

[0052] exist Figure 7 In this context, the decibel value corresponds to the signal strength. When the decibel value is less than 0, the rotational synchronous vibration signal E extracted by the bandpass filter 7 is attenuated. For example... Figure 7As shown, in each voltage value (V1 to V3), the decibel value decreases as the frequency moves away from the center frequency FB of the passband of the bandpass filter 7, and the attenuation rate of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E increases. This center frequency FB is set based on the filter command value B (a value corresponding to the rotational speed N) obtained from the converter 64 of the filter command value output unit 6. Specifically, the center frequency FB is set to be consistent with or approximately consistent with the rotational speed N calculated by the rotational speed calculator 63 of the filter command value output unit 6. For example, the bandpass filter 7 can attenuate the rotational synchronous vibration signal E according to the filter command value B, satisfying 0.8N ≤ FB ≤ 1.2N. Furthermore, when the rotational speed N is proportional to the filter command value B, the center frequency FB can be set in a manner where the filter command value B is proportional to the center frequency FB. Furthermore, the upper and lower limits of the passband of the bandpass filter 7 are set on either side of the center frequency FB according to the filter command value B.

[0053] Based on the above structure, by setting the center frequency FB of the passband of the bandpass filter 7 to be the same as or approximately the same as the rotational speed N of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21), the rotational synchronous vibration signal E can be extracted from the vibration signal C with high accuracy through the bandpass filter 7. Based on the rotational synchronous vibration signal E, vibrations that are synchronous with the rotation of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21) (vibrations with a vibration number that is 1 times or approximately 1 times the rotational speed) can be evaluated with high accuracy. Therefore, imbalances of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machinery 2 (e.g., imbalances caused by scale attachment), bending of the rotating shaft 24 (which is the rotating shaft of the rotating body 21), or contact between the rotating body 21 and the stationary body (casing 23) can be evaluated and determined, enabling optimal maintenance of the rotating machinery 2 and prevention of malfunctions.

[0054] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments, the center frequency of the bandpass filter 7 is set to FB, and the rotational speed of the rotating body 21 is set to N, satisfying 0.8N≤FB≤1.2N. In this case, the center frequency FB of the passband of the bandpass filter 7 is set to be the same as or approximately the same as the rotational speed N of the impeller 25 (rotating body 21) (0.8N≤FB≤1.2N), so the rotational synchronous vibration signal E can be extracted from the vibration signal C with good accuracy through the bandpass filter 7.

[0055] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments, the filter command value B is a voltage or current value obtained by converting the rotational speed N of the rotating body 21 calculated based on the rotational signal A. The filter (bandpass filter 7) can typically have its cutoff frequency set based on the voltage or current value. According to the above structure, the passband of the bandpass filter 7 can be arbitrarily set according to the rotational speed N. Furthermore, since the filter (bandpass filter 7) is typically sold on the market at a low price, the increase in cost of the vibration monitoring device 1 can be suppressed.

[0056] (Display of vibration signals) like Figure 1 As shown, the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments also includes a display unit 11. The display unit 11 is electrically connected to the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and is capable of acquiring the output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5, i.e., the vibration signal C. The display unit 11 displays the amplitude of the vibration signal C, i.e., the vibration waveform of the vibration signal C, based on the vibration signal C acquired from the vibration signal acquisition unit 5. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the display unit 11 is configured to display the amplitude of the vibration signal C on the display device (display) 111, but the amplitude of the vibration signal C may also be displayed on a device other than the display device 111. The display unit 11 can obtain the output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 based on the time-varying vibration signal, so that the amplitude of the vibration signal C displayed on the display device 111 changes over time.

[0057] Based on the above structure, the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21) can be detected and displayed on the display section 11. The visual recognition of the display by the display section 11 allows the observer to make a high-precision evaluation of the vibration of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21) based on the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21) displayed by the display section 11.

[0058] (Display of rotational synchronous vibration signal) like Figure 1 As shown, the vibration monitoring device 1 according to several embodiments also includes a display unit 12. The display unit 12 is electrically connected to the bandpass filter 7 and is capable of acquiring the output value of the bandpass filter 7, i.e., the rotational synchronous vibration signal E. Based on the rotational synchronous vibration signal E acquired from the bandpass filter 7, the display unit 12 displays the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E, i.e., the vibration waveform of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the display unit 12 is configured to display the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E on the display device (display) 121, but the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E may also be displayed on a device other than the display device 121 (e.g., display device 111). The display unit 12 can make the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal E displayed on the display devices 111 and 121 change over time according to the output value of the bandpass filter 7 that changes with time.

[0059] According to the above structure, the amplitude and phase of the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21), i.e., the rotational synchronous vibration (vibration with a vibration frequency of 1 times the rotational speed), can be detected and displayed on the display unit 12. The visual recognition of the display unit 12 allows the observer to perform a high-precision evaluation of the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller section 25 (rotating body 21) based on the amplitude and phase of the rotational synchronous vibration displayed on the display unit 12. For example, it can accurately determine the dangerous speed of the shaft system of the rotating machinery 2, contact events, and the aforementioned imbalance.

[0060] (Vibration monitoring method) Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a vibration monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the vibration monitoring method according to several embodiments includes a rotation signal output step S100, a segment acquisition step S200, and a vibration signal acquisition step S300. In the rotation signal output step S100, a rotation signal A is output based on the distance D between the rotation sensor 3 and the impeller portion 25.

[0061] In the segment acquisition step S200, the following operations are performed: Multiple segments S in which the output of rotation signal A, output from rotation sensor 3 in rotation signal output step S100, exceeds a predetermined threshold (trigger level) TL are acquired. Specifically, if the output of rotation signal A exceeds the predetermined threshold TL ("Yes" in S201), rotation signal A is acquired (S202). While the state where the output of rotation signal A exceeds the predetermined threshold TL continues, acquisition of rotation signal A continues. If the output of rotation signal A does not reach the predetermined threshold TL ("No" in S201), acquisition of rotation signal A is not performed. The segment acquisition step S200 can be performed by the segment acquisition unit 4 described above, or by a computer such as an electronic control device other than the segment acquisition unit 4.

[0062] In the vibration signal acquisition step S300, the peak value PV of each of the multiple segments S acquired in the segment acquisition step S200 is detected (S301), and a signal related to the vibration of the impeller section 25, namely the vibration signal C, is acquired based on the change of the detected peak value PV (S302). In the vibration signal acquisition step S300, the peak value PV corresponding to the new segment S and the vibration signal C can be detected each time a new segment S is acquired in the segment acquisition step S200. The vibration signal acquisition step S300 can be performed by the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 described above, or by a computer such as an electronic control device other than the vibration signal acquisition unit 5.

[0063] According to the above method, peak PV (PV1 to PV11) can be detected from each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), and vibration signal C corresponding to the change of peak PV can be acquired. That is, data whose output in the time series data of the rotation signal A does not reach the aforementioned threshold TL can be excluded from the detection targets of peak PV, and each of the multiple segments S can be set as the detection target of peak PV. In this case, compared with the case of directly detecting peak PV from the time series data of the rotation signal A, since the detection target of peak PV can be defined, peak PV can be acquired more accurately. By acquiring peak PV with good accuracy, the vibration component of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machinery 2 can be acquired with good accuracy. Furthermore, according to the above structure, the detection target of peak PV can be defined, so it is not necessary to use equipment with high computing power required when directly detecting peak PV from the time series data of the rotation signal A, that is, peak PV can be detected and vibration signal C can be acquired.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the turbocharger 2A according to several embodiments includes the aforementioned vibration monitoring device 1, a compressor 25A including an impeller portion 25 disposed at one end of the rotating body 21, and a turbine 25B disposed at the other end of the rotating body 21. In this case, without the need for a device with high computing power, the vibration signal C of the rotating body 21 of the turbocharger 2A can be obtained from the rotation signal A of the impeller portion 25 of the turbocharger 2A.

[0065] In this specification, expressions such as "in a certain direction", "along a certain direction", "parallel", "orthogonal", "center", "concentric" or "coaxial" that indicate relative or absolute configuration not only strictly indicate such configuration, but also indicate the state of relative displacement of angle or distance with tolerance or to the extent that the same function can be obtained.

[0066] For example, expressions such as "same," "equal," and "homogeneous" that indicate things are in the same state not only mean that they are the same in a strict sense, but also that there are differences in the degree to which they can achieve the same function.

[0067] Furthermore, in this specification, the description of shapes such as quadrilaterals or cylinders refers not only to shapes such as quadrilaterals or cylinders in a strict geometric sense, but also to shapes such as concave or convex parts or chamfered parts within the range where the same effect can be obtained.

[0068] Furthermore, in this specification, expressions such as "possessing," "including," or "having" a constituent element are not exclusive expressions that exclude the existence of other constituent elements.

[0069] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but also includes modifications to the above-described embodiments or appropriate combinations thereof.

[0070] The contents described in the above-mentioned embodiments are as follows.

[0071] 1) The vibration monitoring device (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present invention is a vibration monitoring device (1) for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body (21) including an impeller portion (25) of a rotating machine (2), and it comprises: A rotation sensor (3) is arranged radially spaced from the impeller (25) and outputs a rotation signal (A) that is synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body (21). The output of the rotation signal (A) is configured to change according to the distance (D) between the impeller (25) and the rotation sensor (3). The segment acquisition unit (4) acquires multiple segments (S) in the rotation signal (A) whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold (TL); and The vibration signal acquisition unit (5) detects the peak value (PV) from each of the plurality of sections (S) and acquires a vibration signal (C) related to the vibration of the impeller section (25) based on the change of the peak value (PV).

[0072] According to the structure described in 1), peak values ​​(PV) can be detected from each of the multiple segments (S), and vibration signals (C) corresponding to changes in peak values ​​(PV) can be acquired. That is, data whose output in the time series data of the rotation signal (A) does not reach the aforementioned threshold (TL) can be excluded from the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV), and each of the multiple segments (S) can be designated as the detection target of peak values ​​(PV). In this case, compared to directly detecting peak values ​​(PV) from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), since the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV) can be defined, peak values ​​(PV) can be acquired more accurately. By acquiring peak values ​​(PV) with good accuracy, the vibration components of the rotating body (21) of the rotating machinery (2) can be acquired with good accuracy. Furthermore, according to the structure described in 1), since the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV) can be defined, it is not necessary to use equipment with high computing power required when directly detecting peak values ​​(PV) from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), i.e., peak values ​​(PV) can be detected and vibration signals (C) can be acquired.

[0073] 2) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to 1) above further comprises: The filter command value output unit (6) outputs a filter command value (B) corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotating body (21) calculated based on the rotation signal (A); and The bandpass filter (7) extracts a signal from the vibration signal (C) including the center frequency (FB) set according to the filter command value (B) by inputting the vibration signal (C) and the filter command value (B), and uses it as a vibration-related signal that is synchronized with the rotation of the impeller (25), namely the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E).

[0074] Based on the structure described in 2), by setting the center frequency (FB) of the passband of the bandpass filter (7) to be the same as or approximately the same as the rotational speed (N) of the impeller (25, rotating body 21), the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E) can be extracted from the vibration signal (C) with good accuracy through the bandpass filter (7). Based on the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E), vibrations that are synchronous with the rotation of the impeller (25, rotating body 21) (vibrations with a vibration number that is 1 times or approximately 1 times the rotational speed) can be evaluated with high accuracy.

[0075] 3) In some embodiments, according to the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 1) or 2) above, the vibration signal (C) maintains the first peak value (PVA) between the first peak value (PVA) of the plurality of peak values ​​(PVA) and the next second peak value (PVB) of the first peak value (PVA).

[0076] Based on the structure described in 3), the vibration signal (C) can be easily acquired by setting a peak value (PVA) between multiple peak values ​​(PVA, PVB). Therefore, the vibration signal acquisition unit (5) can acquire vibration signals (C) from multiple segments (S) without using a device with high computing power.

[0077] 4) In some embodiments, according to the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 2) above, if the center frequency is set to FB and the rotational speed of the rotating body (21) is set to N, then 0.8N≤FB≤1.2N is satisfied.

[0078] Based on the structure described in 4), since the center frequency (FB) of the passband of the bandpass filter (7) is set to be the same as or approximately the same as the rotational speed (N) of the impeller (25, rotating body 21) (0.8N≤FB≤1.2N), the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E) can be extracted from the vibration signal (C) with good accuracy through the bandpass filter (7).

[0079] 5) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to 2) or 4) above further includes a display unit (12) which displays the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E) based on the rotational synchronous vibration signal (E).

[0080] Based on the structure described in 5), the amplitude and phase of the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller (25, rotating body 21), i.e., the rotational synchronous vibration (vibration with a vibration frequency of 1 times the rotational speed), can be detected and displayed on the display unit (12). Visual recognition allows the observer to perform a high-precision evaluation of the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller (25, rotating body 21) based on the amplitude and phase of the rotational synchronous vibration displayed on the display unit (12). For example, it can accurately determine the dangerous speed of the shaft system of the rotating machinery (2), contact events, and the aforementioned imbalance.

[0081] 6) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 1) to 5) above further includes a display unit (11) which displays the amplitude of the vibration signal (C) according to the vibration signal (C).

[0082] Based on the structure described in 6), the amplitude of the overall vibration of the impeller section (25, rotating body 21) can be detected and displayed on the display section (11). Visual recognition allows the observer to perform a high-precision evaluation of the vibration of the impeller section (25, rotating body 21) based on the amplitude of the overall vibration of the impeller section (25, rotating body 21) displayed on the display section (11).

[0083] 7) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 1) to 6) above, wherein, when the threshold is defined as TL and the design peak value of the impeller (25) is defined as SP, the threshold TL satisfies the condition 40%SP≤TL≤60%SP.

[0084] Based on the structure described in 7), even if the output does not meet half or approximately half of the design peak value (SP) of the impeller section (25) (40%SP≤TL≤60%SP), there will be no problem even if it is excluded from the detection objects of the peak value (PV). In this case, the detection objects of the peak value (PV) can be effectively limited, and thus the peak value (PV) can be obtained with good accuracy.

[0085] 8) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 2), 4), or 5) above, wherein, The filter command value (B) is a voltage or current value obtained by converting the rotational speed (N) of the rotating body (21) calculated from the rotational signal (A).

[0086] The filter (bandpass filter 7) can typically have its cutoff frequency set according to the voltage or current value. Based on the structure described in 8), the passband of the bandpass filter (7) can be arbitrarily set according to the rotational speed (N). Furthermore, the filter (bandpass filter 7) is typically sold on the market at a low price, thus suppressing the increase in cost of the vibration monitoring device (1).

[0087] 9) The booster (2A) according to at least one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a vibration monitoring device (1) as described in any one of 1) to 8) above; a compressor (25A) including the impeller portion (25) disposed at one end of the rotating body (21); and a turbine (25B) disposed at the other end of the rotating body (21).

[0088] Based on the structure described above (9), the vibration signal (C) of the rotating body (21) of the booster (2A) can be obtained from the rotation signal (A) of the impeller part (25) of the booster (2A) without the need for a device with high computing power.

[0089] 10) The vibration monitoring method according to at least one embodiment of the present invention is a vibration monitoring method for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body (21) including an impeller portion (25) of a rotating machine (2), comprising the following steps: In the rotation signal output step (S100), a rotation sensor (3) arranged radially spaced from the impeller (25) outputs a rotation signal (A) that is synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body (21), that is, the rotation signal (A) that changes according to the distance (D) between the impeller (25) and the rotation sensor (3). In the segment acquisition step (S200), multiple segments (S) in the rotation signal (A) whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold (TL) are acquired; and In the vibration signal acquisition step (S300), a peak value (PV) is detected from each of the plurality of segments (S), and a vibration signal (C) is acquired that is related to the vibration of the impeller section (25) based on the change of the peak value (PV).

[0090] According to the method described in 10), peak values ​​(PV) can be detected from each of the multiple segments (S), and vibration signals (C) corresponding to changes in peak values ​​(PV) can be acquired. That is, data whose output in the time series data of the rotation signal (A) does not reach the aforementioned threshold (TL) can be excluded from the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV), and each of the multiple segments (S) can be set as the detection target of peak values ​​(PV). In this case, compared with the case of directly detecting peak values ​​(PV) from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), since the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV) can be defined, peak values ​​(PV) can be acquired more accurately. By acquiring peak values ​​(PV) with good accuracy, the vibration components of the rotating body (21) of the rotating machinery (2) can be acquired with good accuracy. Furthermore, according to the method described in 10), the detection targets of peak values ​​(PV) can be defined, so it is not necessary to use equipment with high computing power required when directly detecting peak values ​​(PV) from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), i.e., peak values ​​(PV) can be detected and vibration signals (C) can be acquired.

[0091] Symbol Explanation 1-Vibration monitoring device, 2-Rotating machinery, 2A-Booster, 3-Rotation sensor, 4-Section acquisition unit, 5-Vibration signal acquisition unit, 6-Filter command value output unit, 7-Bandpass filter, 11, 12-Display unit, 21-Rotating body, 22-Bearing, 23-Housing, 24-Rotating shaft, 25-Impeller, 25A-Compressor, 25B-Turbine, 26-Hub, 27-Blade, 61-Rectifier, 62-Frequency divider, 63-Speed ​​calculator, 64-Converter, 111, 121-Display device, A-Rotation signal AP - Amplitude, B - Filter command value, C - Vibration signal, CA - Central axis, D - Distance, D1, D2 - Radial distance, E - Rotational synchronous vibration signal, F - Pulse signal, FB - Center frequency, G - Rotational pulse signal, N - Rotational speed, N1~N11 - Position, PV, PV1~PV11 - Peak value, PVA - First peak value, PVB - Second peak value, S - Section, S100 - Rotational signal output step, S200 - Section acquisition step, S300 - Vibration signal acquisition step, SP - Design peak value, TL - Threshold.

Claims

1. A vibration monitoring device for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body, including an impeller portion of rotating machinery, comprising: A rotation sensor is arranged radially spaced from the impeller portion and outputs a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body, and is configured such that the output of the rotation signal changes according to the distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor; The segment acquisition unit acquires multiple segments of the rotation signal whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The vibration signal acquisition unit detects peak values ​​from each of the plurality of segments and acquires a vibration signal, which is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on the changes in the peak values.

2. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising: The filter command value output unit outputs a filter command value corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotating body calculated based on the rotation signal; and A bandpass filter extracts a signal from the vibration signal, including a passband with a center frequency set according to the filter command value, by inputting the vibration signal and the filter command value. This signal is then used as a vibration-related signal that is synchronized with the rotation of the impeller, i.e., a rotationally synchronized vibration signal.

3. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The vibration signal maintains the first peak value between the first peak value and the second peak value after the first peak value.

4. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein, When the center frequency is set to FB and the rotational speed of the rotating body is set to N, the condition 0.8N≤FB≤1.2N is satisfied.

5. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 2 or 4, further comprising a display unit, the display unit displaying the amplitude and phase angle of the rotational synchronous vibration signal according to the rotational synchronous vibration signal.

6. The vibration monitoring device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, further comprising a display unit that displays the amplitude of the vibration signal according to the vibration signal.

7. The vibration monitoring device according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 4, wherein, When the threshold is defined as TL and the design peak value of the impeller is defined as SP, the threshold TL satisfies the condition 40%SP≤TL≤60%SP.

8. The vibration monitoring device according to any one of claims 2 or 4, wherein, The filter command value is a voltage or current value obtained by converting the rotational speed of the rotating body calculated based on the rotation signal.

9. A booster comprising: Vibration monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1, 2 or 4; The compressor includes the impeller portion disposed at one end of the rotating body; and A turbine is located at the other end of the rotating body.

10. A vibration monitoring method for monitoring the vibration of a rotating body, including an impeller portion of rotating machinery, comprising the following steps: The rotation signal output step involves a rotation sensor, which is arranged radially at a distance from the impeller, outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body; that is, the rotation signal outputs a variable signal depending on the distance between the impeller and the rotation sensor. The segment acquisition step involves acquiring multiple segments in the rotation signal whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; and The vibration signal acquisition step involves detecting a peak value from each of the plurality of segments and acquiring a vibration signal, i.e., a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on the variation of the peak value.

Images