Under-forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device

Abstract

The invention discloses an under-forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device, relates to the technical field of agricultural test equipment, and aims to solve the problem that equipment special for simulating an under-forest light environment to screen shade-tolerant forage grass is lacked in the prior art. The device comprises a screening box body, a shading net assembly, a lifting adjusting component and an illuminator, and the shading net assembly is composed of multiple layers of shading nets with different shading rates and can be unfolded independently or in a combined mode; the height of the shading net component from the ground can be accurately controlled by the lifting adjusting component, and by adjusting the height and layer number combination of the shading net, the light environment under forests with different canopy density from economic forests to fruit-bearing forests can be accurately simulated, so that high-quality shade-tolerant forage grass varieties suitable for being planted under different forests can be efficiently and scientifically screened out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural experimental equipment technology, specifically to a screening device for shade-tolerant forage grasses under forest cover. Background Technology

[0002] Understory economy is an important model for making full use of forest land resources and achieving a win-win situation for ecology and economy. Planting pasture and developing animal husbandry under the forest canopy is one of the main forms of understory economy. However, the shading effect of trees results in significantly lower light intensity under the forest canopy compared to open areas. Common sun-loving pasture grasses do not grow well in this environment, resulting in low grass yield and a waste of understory land resources.

[0003] Currently, screening for shade-tolerant forage grasses is usually conducted under fixed shade structures or directly in field trials in different types of woodlands. Fixed shade structures cannot flexibly adjust the shading rate and shading height, making it difficult to accurately simulate the real light environment under different tree species (such as economic forests and orchards, whose canopy height and canopy closure vary). Field trials are greatly limited by region and season, have long cycles, and are subject to uncontrollable environmental factors, resulting in poor repeatability and comparability of experimental results.

[0004] Chinese patent CN220307898U discloses a small shrub border plant screening device that can change the orientation of border plants so that each border plant can face the light source, ensuring the same growth environment for border plants and the accuracy of screening results. It can accurately, adjustablely, and repeatedly simulate different understory light environments and the effect of ventilation inside the device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a screening device for shade-tolerant forage grasses under forest cover, comprising a screening box. A light source is fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner wall of the screening box. Based on the seeds or seedlings being placed, the required simulated light intensity and shading height are calculated. The light source illuminates the interior of the screening box. A slide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the screening box. Three placement frames are evenly fixed to a closed plate. When the operator pulls the closed plate to control the placement frames to enter the screening box, the bottom of the placement frames slides and engages with the slide rail. This engagement maintains stability between components, preventing displacement during placement and avoiding impact on other components. The top of the slide rail is slidably connected to the placement frame, on which seeds or seedlings are placed. The placement frame loads the seedlings. A closed plate is fixedly connected to one side of the placement frame. A lifting and adjusting component is fixedly connected to the upper side of the screening box. The lifting and adjusting component controls the lifting of the internal components to... This meets the needs of subsequent operations. A ventilation component is fixedly connected to the side of the screening box away from the sealing plate. The volatilization of substances inside the screening box can easily lead to gas accumulation inside the equipment. The ventilation component ventilates the inside of the screening box to ensure gas exchange, meet the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulate temperature and humidity, and inhibit the growth of diseases. The ventilation component is equipped with a filter mechanism, which adsorbs and filters the gas to remove harmful gases, purify the growth environment, stabilize test conditions, and ensure comparable screening results. A humidity component is fixedly connected to the middle of the screening box. The bottom of the humidity component is connected to the inside of the screening box. The humidity component draws water from the inside of the screening box and then sprays the material through the humidity component to meet the basic water needs of forage growth, regulate the humidity of the microenvironment inside the device, adapt to the growth characteristics of shade-tolerant forage, assist in the integrated water and fertilizer supply, and improve nutrient absorption efficiency. Spraying water is often combined with fertilization, i.e., integrated water and fertilizer, in which the dissolved nutrient solution is sprayed or drip-irrigated with water. This method allows nutrients to be evenly distributed in the substrate or soil, making it easier for grass roots to absorb them. At the same time, it avoids root burn caused by excessive local concentration of solid fertilizer, ensuring healthy plant growth. A water pump pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the screening box, and a water pump is connected to one side of the water pump pipe to inject water into the inside of the screening box, so that the inside of the screening box can act as a water tank, which facilitates subsequent moisture control of the material. The humidity control component includes a conveying pipe with a rotating pipe rotatably connected to its top. A paddle is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating pipe near the inner wall of the conveying pipe. A water pump pressurizes the water source inside the screening box, causing the water to flow from the conveying pipe to the rotating pipe. During the water flow, the water impacts the paddle, causing the paddle to control the rotation of the rotating pipe. The water flow is sprayed from inside the rotating pipe towards the spray head, thus achieving the effect of rotating and spraying liquid, increasing the spraying range, improving spraying efficiency, reducing spraying dead zones, and preventing impact on test quality. A spray head is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating pipe away from the paddle. An auxiliary component is fixedly connected to the outside of the spray head. When the water flow sprays out from the spray head, it collides with the auxiliary component. The collision between the water flow and the auxiliary component causes a change in the water flow pattern, thereby breaking up the water flow pattern, optimizing the spraying effect, increasing the fineness of the water spray, and preventing excessive water pressure from eroding and damaging the material.

[0006] Preferably, the placement rack has a trapezoidal groove inside, which creates a trapezoidal structure at the bottom of the inner wall of the rack. When too much water is stored inside the rack, the trapezoidal structure guides the water flow, causing it to flow to both sides of the trapezoid. The placement rack has discharge ports on both sides of its exterior, through which water flows into the screening box, thus draining excess liquid, preventing root rot due to lack of oxygen, ensuring normal plant growth, avoiding substrate salt accumulation, preventing root burn and seedling damage, inhibiting disease growth, and reducing experimental material consumption. The screening box has a drainage trough inside, with the side near the sealing plate higher than the side near the drain outlet. When water enters the drainage trough, it is guided to flow towards the drain outlet, draining excess water, preventing equipment corrosion and damage, avoiding deterioration of the internal environment, reducing cleaning and maintenance costs, ensuring the reliability of experimental data, and reducing interference from equipment malfunctions. The screening box also has a drain outlet on the side near the ventilation components on its exterior.

[0007] Preferably, the auxiliary component includes an auxiliary base plate, with a sliding rod fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary base plate. Impact force causes an auxiliary block to slide on the sliding rod, compressing and contracting a spring strip to create a spatial distance between the auxiliary block and the spray head, facilitating water spraying. An auxiliary top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding rod, and an auxiliary block is slidably connected to the outer side of the sliding rod. When water is sprayed from the spray head, it impacts the auxiliary block, causing a change in the water flow pattern upon collision. This breaks up the water flow pattern, optimizes the spraying effect, increases the fineness of the water spray, and prevents excessive water pressure from damaging materials. A spring strip is fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary block; when the equipment stops operating... The spring bar rebounds, causing the auxiliary block to align with the spray head, thereby sealing the spray nozzle, reducing the entry of external impurities, preventing blockage of the holes, and ensuring the efficiency of subsequent water output. One side of the spring bar is fixedly connected to the bottom of the auxiliary top plate. When water adheres to the surface of the spray head and the auxiliary block, it fills the gaps to form a water film. The surface tension of the water creates an adsorption force, potentially causing negative pressure adhesion between components. An annular groove is formed on the outer side of the auxiliary block to disrupt capillary adsorption and water film tension, eliminate the negative pressure effect in the gaps, accelerate water discharge and drying, and prevent interference with component operation.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting and adjusting component includes a connecting end, the top of which is fixedly connected to an electric push rod. The electric push rod extends and retracts to control the lifting and lowering of the receiving frame, causing the receiving frame to drive the shading net assembly to lift and lower. The lifting structure can achieve horizontal and tilt adjustments, meeting the needs of complex experimental designs. The receiving frame is fixedly connected to one side of the electric push rod, and the shading net assembly is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving frame away from the electric push rod. The shading net assembly adopts a three-layer shading structure. Through two-dimensional control of "multi-layer combination of shading rate" and "stepless adjustment of shading height", it can simulate the light environment of different forest stands, from tall economic forests to low fruit forests, with extremely high precision, making the screening results more targeted and practical.

[0009] Preferably, the shading net assembly includes a three-layer frame, each layer containing a shading cloth with shading rates of 30%, 50%, and 70% respectively. Different combinations allow for shading rate adjustment from 10% to 90%, offering a wide range and high precision. Through two-dimensional control of "multi-layer shading rate combination" and "stepless shading height adjustment," it can precisely simulate the light environment of different forest stands, from tall economic forests to low-lying fruit trees, making the screening results more targeted and practical. Furthermore, the alternating distribution design allows the three layers to slide and retract in different directions, facilitating improved space utilization and reducing [unspecified cost]. To reduce friction between components and extend their service life, a guide rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the three-layer frame. A shielding frame is fixedly connected to one side of the guide rod, and a shielding cloth is fixedly connected to the outer side of the shielding frame. A take-up shaft is fitted onto the outer side of the shielding cloth away from the shielding frame, and a sliding block is fixedly connected to the outer side of the take-up shaft. One side of the shielding cloth is fixed to the shielding frame, and the other side is fitted onto the take-up shaft. The sliding block slides on the guide rod, and controls the take-up shaft to drive the shielding cloth to slide to the other side of the shielding frame, thereby controlling the expansion and contraction of the shielding cloth to achieve the functions of shielding and retraction. The inner side of the sliding block is slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rod.

[0010] Preferably, a square housing is rotatably connected to one side of the take-up shaft. A motor is fixedly connected to the side of the square housing away from the take-up shaft. The rotation of the motor drives the connecting belt to rotate, and the rotation of the connecting belt drives the take-up shaft to rotate, thereby achieving the function of automatically rotating and winding the shielding cloth. The output end of the motor is fitted with a connecting belt on the outside of the take-up shaft. When the shielding cloth retracts towards the shielding frame with the sliding block, the shielding cloth is in a drooping state, which can easily cause the parts to get tangled. Therefore, when the take-up shaft moves towards the shielding frame, it adapts to the motor to achieve the function of sliding and winding at the same time, thereby avoiding the parts getting tangled.

[0011] Preferably, the ventilation component includes a ventilation housing, a connecting pipe fixedly connected to one side of the ventilation housing, and a filter assembly fixedly connected to the side of the connecting pipe away from the ventilation housing. The airflow comes into contact with the filter assembly, thereby adsorbing and filtering the gas, removing harmful gases, purifying the growth environment, stabilizing test conditions, and ensuring comparable screening results. A fan is fixedly connected to one side of the filter assembly, generating airflow that drives the airflow from the bottom of the ventilation housing into the connecting pipe. The airflow then flows from the connecting pipe towards the filter assembly and finally exits from the fan side, thus achieving ventilation and air exchange, ensuring gas exchange, meeting the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulating temperature and humidity, inhibiting disease growth, and reducing internal moisture, thereby meeting different operational requirements.

[0012] Preferably, a flow channel is provided on the inner side of the ventilation housing, and a grid plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the flow channel. The grid plate serves to block external impurities from entering and intercepting impurities into the flow channel. When operation stops, the impurities fall into the inner side of the drainage channel, which is convenient for subsequent discharge with the water flow, reducing the difficulty of subsequent cleaning. A partition group is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the flow channel. The airflow comes into contact with the partition group during the flow of the flow channel. The partition group is staggered and evenly distributed on the inner wall of the flow channel, so that the partition group intercepts impurities in the airflow, breaks up the airflow, avoids local direct blowing and dead corners, prolongs the airflow residence time, improves gas exchange efficiency, prevents foreign objects from entering, and protects downstream equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the filter assembly includes a filter housing. Airflow enters the filter housing through a connecting pipe, and the airflow comes into contact with activated carbon. During the ventilation process of the fan, harmful gases are adsorbed, preventing plant damage, maintaining stable gas composition within the device, ensuring photosynthesis and respiration, preventing direct gas discharge that could harm humans, optimizing the working environment, and avoiding pollution of the external environment. A receiving plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the filter housing away from the fan. A docking plate is provided on the inner side of the receiving plate, and a groove is formed on the outer side of the receiving plate. A block is provided on the outer side of the docking plate. When the docking plate needs to dock with the receiving plate, the docking plate needs to be... The block is inserted and aligned with the groove of the receiving plate. Rotating the receiving plate causes the block to misalign with the groove of the receiving plate, thereby fixing the component, maintaining its stability, preventing movement during subsequent operations, and facilitating disassembly and installation. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the receiving plate near the inner wall of the filter housing. Activated carbon is inserted and connected to the outside of the connecting rod. The activated carbon is placed on the connecting rod, and then a magnetic block is placed on the connecting rod to fix the activated carbon, preventing airflow from causing component vibration and affecting the filtration effect. A magnetic block is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod away from the receiving plate.

[0014] This invention provides a screening device for shade-tolerant forage grasses under forest canopy. It has the following beneficial effects: I. This understory shade-tolerant forage screening device, when water is sprayed from the spray head, impacts the auxiliary block. The collision between the water flow and the auxiliary block causes a change in the water flow pattern, thereby breaking up the water flow, optimizing the spraying effect, increasing the fineness of the water spray, and preventing excessive water pressure from eroding and damaging the material. The impact force causes the auxiliary block to slide on the slide bar, and the auxiliary block compresses and contracts the spring strip, creating a spatial distance between the auxiliary block and the spray head to facilitate water spraying. When the equipment stops operating, the spring strip rebounds, causing the auxiliary block to engage with the spray head, thereby sealing the spray nozzle, reducing the entry of external impurities, preventing impurities from clogging the holes, and preventing affecting the subsequent water output efficiency of the components. When water adheres to the surfaces of the spray head and the auxiliary block, the water will fill the gaps and form a water film. The surface tension of the water will generate an adsorption force, which may cause negative pressure adhesion between the components. Annular grooves are made on the surface of the auxiliary block to disrupt capillary adsorption and water film tension, eliminate the negative pressure effect in the gaps, accelerate water discharge and drying, and prevent interference with component operation.

[0015] II. This understory shade-tolerant forage grass screening device uses an electric push rod to control the raising and lowering of the receiving frame, which in turn drives the shading net assembly to rise and fall. The lifting structure can be adjusted horizontally and tilted, meeting the needs of complex experimental designs. The shading net assembly adopts a three-layer shading structure. Through two-dimensional control of "multi-layer combination of shading rate" and "stepless adjustment of shading height", it can simulate the light environment under different forest stands, from tall economic forests to low fruit forests, with extremely high precision, making the screening results more targeted and practical.

[0016] III. This understory shade-tolerant forage screening device has a shading cloth fixed on one side of the shading frame and fitted onto a winding shaft on the other side. A sliding block slides on a guide rod, controlling the winding shaft to move the shading cloth to the other side of the shading frame. This controls the expansion and contraction of the shading cloth, achieving the functions of shading and retraction. The three-layer frame adopts a three-layer structure design, with each layer containing a shading cloth. The shading rates of each layer are 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively. Through different combinations, the shading rate can be adjusted from 10% to 90%, providing a wide range of shading rate adjustment and high precision. Through two-dimensional control of "multi-layer combination of shading rate" and "stepless adjustment of shading height," it can accurately simulate the light environment under different forest stands, from tall economic forests to low-lying fruit forests. The screening results are more targeted and practical. At the same time, the device adopts an alternating distribution design, allowing the three-layer frame to slide and retract from different directions, which facilitates improved space utilization, reduces friction between components, and extends the service life of the components.

[0017] IV. This understory shade-tolerant forage grass screening device uses a fan to generate airflow, which drives the airflow from the bottom of the ventilation housing into the connecting pipe. The airflow then flows from the connecting pipe towards the filter assembly and finally exits from the fan side, thus achieving ventilation and air exchange, ensuring gas exchange, meeting the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulating temperature and humidity, inhibiting disease growth, and reducing internal moisture to meet different operational requirements. Secondly, the airflow comes into contact with the filter assembly, thereby adsorbing and filtering the gas, removing harmful gases, purifying the growth environment, stabilizing experimental conditions, and ensuring comparable screening results.

[0018] V. This understory shade-tolerant forage grass screening device uses airflow to enter the filter housing through a connecting pipe. The airflow comes into contact with activated carbon, and during the ventilation process, harmful gases are adsorbed, preventing plant damage, maintaining stable gas composition within the device, ensuring photosynthesis and respiration, and preventing direct gas discharge that could harm humans. This optimizes the working environment and avoids pollution to the external environment. Activated carbon is placed on a connecting rod, and then a magnetic block is placed on the connecting rod to fix the activated carbon, preventing vibration of the components due to airflow and thus affecting the filtration effect. Secondly, a groove is opened on the outer side of the receiving plate, and a block is placed on the outer side of the connecting plate. When the connecting plate needs to be connected to the receiving plate, the block of the connecting plate needs to be inserted and aligned with the groove of the receiving plate. Rotating the connecting plate causes the block to misalign with the groove of the receiving plate, thereby fixing the components, maintaining their stability, preventing movement during subsequent operations, and facilitating disassembly and installation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the screening device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the humidity component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and adjusting component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shading net assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the shading net assembly of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ventilation component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter assembly of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Screening box; 2. Enclosed plate; 3. Water pump pipe; 4. Slide rail; 5. Placement rack; 6. Light source; 7. Humidity unit; 8. Lifting and adjusting unit; 9. Ventilation unit; 10. Trapezoidal groove; 11. Chip discharge port; 12. Drainage trough; 13. Drain outlet; 71. Conveying pipe; 72. Rotating pipe; 73. Paddle plate; 74. Spray head; 75. Auxiliary components; 751. Auxiliary base plate; 752. Slide rod; 753. Auxiliary top plate; 754. Spring strip; 755. Auxiliary block; 756. Annular groove; 81. Connecting end; 82. Electric pusher 83. Rod; 84. Receiving frame; 85. Shading net assembly; 86. Three-layer frame; 87. Guide rod; 88. Shading frame; 89. Shading cloth; 80. Rewinding shaft; 81. Sliding block; 82. Square housing; 93. Motor; 94. Connecting belt; 95. Ventilation housing; 96. Flow channel; 97. Grating plate; 98. Divider group; 99. Connecting pipe; 90. Filter assembly; 91. Fan; 92. Filter housing; 93. Receiving plate; 94. Connecting plate; 95. Connecting rod; 96. Activated carbon; 966. Magnetic block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] First embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a screening device for shade-tolerant forage grasses under forest cover, comprising a screening box 1, a light source 6 fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner wall of the screening box 1, a slide rail 4 fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the screening box 1, a placement frame 5 slidably connected to the top of the slide rail 4, a sealing plate 2 fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the placement frame 5, a lifting adjustment component 8 fixedly connected to the upper side of the outside of the screening box 1, a ventilation component 9 fixedly connected to the side of the outside of the screening box 1 away from the sealing plate 2, a humidity component 7 fixedly connected to the middle of the inside of the screening box 1, and a water pump pipe 3 fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the screening box 1; seeds or seedlings are placed on the placement frame 5, which loads the seedlings; the placement frame 5 has three evenly fixed to the sealing plate 2; when the operator pulls the sealing plate 2 to control the placement frame 5 to enter the screening box 1, the bottom of the placement frame 5 slides and engages with the slide rail 4, maintaining the connection between the components. Stability is ensured to prevent displacement during placement and avoid affecting other components. Based on the seeds or seedlings being placed, the required simulated light intensity and shading height are calculated. The interior of the screening box 1 is illuminated by the light source 6, and the internal components are raised by the lifting adjustment component 8 to meet the needs of subsequent operations. A water pump is connected to one side of the water pump pipe 3 to inject water into the interior of the screening box 1, making the interior of the screening box 1 a water storage tank for subsequent humidity control of the materials. The bottom of the humidity component 7 is connected to the interior of the screening box 1. The humidity component 7 draws water from the interior of the screening box 1 and then sprays it onto the materials to meet the basic water requirements for forage growth. The device regulates the humidity of the microenvironment within the device to adapt to the growth characteristics of shade-tolerant forage, assists in the integrated water and fertilizer supply, and improves nutrient absorption efficiency. Spraying water is often combined with fertilization, i.e., integrated water and fertilizer, where the dissolved nutrient solution is sprayed or drip-irrigated with water. This method allows nutrients to be evenly distributed in the substrate or soil, facilitating absorption by the grass roots. It also avoids root burn caused by excessively high local concentrations of solid fertilizer, ensuring healthy plant growth. The volatilization of substances inside the screening chamber 1 can easily lead to gas accumulation inside the equipment. The ventilation component 9 ventilates the inside of the screening chamber 1 to ensure gas exchange, meet the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulate temperature and humidity, and inhibit the growth of diseases. The ventilation component 9 is equipped with a filtration mechanism that adsorbs and filters the gas, removes harmful gases, purifies the growth environment, stabilizes experimental conditions, and ensures comparable screening results.

[0023] The humidity component 7 includes a delivery pipe 71, a rotating pipe 72 rotatably connected to the top of the delivery pipe 71, a paddle 73 fixedly connected to the side of the rotating pipe 72 near the inner wall of the delivery pipe 71, a spray head 74 fixedly connected to the side of the rotating pipe 72 away from the paddle 73, and an auxiliary component 75 fixedly connected to the outside of the spray head 74. The water pump pressurizes the water source inside the screening box 1, causing the water to flow from the delivery pipe 71 to the rotating pipe 72. During the water flow, the water impacts the paddle plate 73, causing the paddle plate 73 to control the rotation of the rotating pipe 72. The water flow is sprayed from inside the rotating pipe 72 to one side of the spray head 74, thereby achieving the effect of rotating and spraying liquid, increasing the spray range of the liquid, improving spray efficiency, reducing spray dead zones, and preventing the impact on test quality. When the water flow is sprayed out from one side of the spray head 74, it collides with the auxiliary component 75. The collision between the water flow and the auxiliary component 75 causes the water flow pattern to change, thereby breaking the water flow pattern, optimizing the spray effect, improving the fineness of the water spray, and avoiding excessive water pressure that could cause material erosion and damage.

[0024] The placement rack 5 has a trapezoidal groove 10 inside, and chip discharge ports 11 are provided on both sides of the outside of the placement rack 5. The screening box 1 has a drainage groove 12 inside, and a drainage port 13 is provided on the side of the outside of the screening box 1 near the ventilation component 9. The placement rack 5 has a trapezoidal groove 10 inside, making the bottom of the inner wall of the placement rack 5 have a trapezoidal structure. When too much water is stored inside the placement rack 5, the trapezoidal structure guides the water flow, causing the water to flow to both sides of the trapezoid. The water flows from the chip discharge port 11 into the screening box 1, thereby removing excess liquid, preventing root rot due to lack of oxygen, ensuring normal plant growth, avoiding substrate salt accumulation, preventing root burn and seedling damage, inhibiting disease growth, and reducing experimental material consumption. The drainage trough 12 is higher on the side near the sealing plate 2 and lower on the side near the drain outlet 13. When water enters the inner side of the drainage trough 12, it is guided to flow towards the drain outlet 13 to remove excess water, prevent equipment corrosion and damage, avoid deterioration of the internal environment of the equipment, reduce cleaning and maintenance costs, ensure the reliability of experimental data, and reduce the interference of equipment failure on the experiment.

[0025] The auxiliary component 75 includes an auxiliary base plate 751, a slide rod 752 fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary base plate 751, an auxiliary top plate 753 fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod 752, an auxiliary block 755 slidably connected to the outside of the slide rod 752, a spring strip 754 fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary block 755, one side of the outer side of the spring strip 754 fixedly connected to the bottom of the auxiliary top plate 753, and an annular groove 756 is provided on the outer side of the auxiliary block 755. When water is sprayed from the spray head 74, it impacts the auxiliary block 755. The collision between the water and the auxiliary block 755 alters the water flow pattern, thus breaking up the flow, optimizing the spraying effect, increasing the fineness of the spray, and preventing excessive water pressure from damaging materials. The impact causes the auxiliary block 755 to slide on the slide bar 752, compressing and contracting the spring strip 754, creating a spatial distance between the auxiliary block 755 and the spray head 74 to facilitate water spraying. When the equipment stops operating, the spring strip 754 rebounds, causing the auxiliary block 755 to... The nozzle 74 is connected to the spray head 755 to seal the spray nozzle, reduce the entry of external impurities, prevent impurities from clogging the holes, and prevent affecting the subsequent water output efficiency of the component. The spray head 74 and the auxiliary block 755 have water on their surfaces. The water will fill the gap and form a water film. The surface tension of the water will generate an adsorption force, which may cause negative pressure adhesion between the components. The auxiliary block 755 has an annular groove 756 on its surface to break capillary adsorption and water film tension, eliminate the negative pressure effect in the gap, accelerate water discharge and drying, and avoid affecting the operation of the component.

[0026] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the lifting and adjusting component 8 includes a connecting end 81. An electric push rod 82 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting end 81. A receiving frame 83 is fixedly connected to one side of the electric push rod 82. A shading net assembly 84 is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving frame 83 away from the electric push rod 82. The extension and retraction of the electric push rod 82 controls the lifting and lowering of the receiving frame 83, which in turn drives the shading net assembly 84 to lift and lower. The lifting structure can achieve horizontal and tilt adjustments, meeting the needs of complex experimental designs. The shading net assembly 84 adopts a three-layer shading structure. Through two-dimensional control of "multi-layer combination of shading rate" and "stepless adjustment of shading height", it can simulate the light environment of different forest stands, from tall economic forests to low fruit forests, with extremely high precision, making the screening results more targeted and practical.

[0027] The shade net assembly 84 includes a three-layer frame 841. A guide rod 842 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the three-layer frame 841. A shade frame 843 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the guide rod 842. A shade cloth 844 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the shade frame 843. A take-up shaft 845 is sleeved on the outer side of the shade cloth 844 away from the shade frame 843. A sliding block 846 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the take-up shaft 845. The inner side of the sliding block 846 is slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rod 842. One side of the shielding cloth 844 is fixed to the shielding frame 843, and the other side is sleeved on the take-up shaft 845. A sliding block 846 slides on the guide rod 842, controlling the take-up shaft 845 to slide the shielding cloth 844 to the other side of the shielding frame 843. This controls the extension and retraction of the shielding cloth 844, achieving the functions of shielding and retraction. The three-layer frame 841 adopts a three-layer structure design, with each layer containing the shielding cloth 844. The shading rates of each layer of the shielding cloth 844 are 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively. The shading rate can be adjusted from 10% to 90% through different combinations. The shading rate adjustment range is wide and the precision is high. Through the two-dimensional control of "multi-layer combination of shading rate" and "stepless adjustment of shading height", it can simulate the light environment under different forest stands such as tall economic forests and low fruit forests with great accuracy. The screening results are more targeted and practical. At the same time, the equipment adopts an alternating distribution design, which allows the three-layer frame 841 to slide and retract from different directions, which facilitates the improvement of space utilization, reduces friction between components, and extends the service life of components.

[0028] A square housing 847 is rotatably connected to one side of the take-up shaft 845. A motor 848 is fixedly connected to the side of the square housing 847 away from the take-up shaft 845. A connecting belt 849 is sleeved on the outer side of the take-up shaft 845 at the output end of the motor 848. The rotation of the motor 848 drives the connecting belt 849 to rotate, which in turn drives the take-up shaft 845 to rotate, thereby achieving the function of automatically rotating and winding the shielding cloth 844. When the shielding cloth 844 retracts towards the shielding frame 843 with the sliding block 846, the shielding cloth 844 is in a drooping state, which can easily cause the parts to get tangled. Therefore, as the take-up shaft 845 moves towards the shielding frame 843, it adapts to the motor 848 to achieve the function of sliding and winding at the same time, thus avoiding the parts getting tangled.

[0029] The third embodiment is based on embodiments one and two; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 9 to 10As shown, the ventilation component 9 includes a ventilation housing 91. A connecting pipe 95 is fixedly connected to one side of the ventilation housing 91. A filter assembly 96 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting pipe 95 away from the ventilation housing 91. A fan 97 is fixedly connected to the side of the filter assembly 96. The fan 97 generates airflow, which drives the airflow from the bottom of the ventilation housing 91 into the connecting pipe 95. The airflow then flows from the connecting pipe 95 towards the filter assembly 96 and finally exits from the fan 97, thus achieving ventilation and air exchange, ensuring gas exchange, meeting the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulating temperature and humidity, inhibiting disease growth, and reducing internal moisture, thereby meeting different operational requirements. Furthermore, the airflow comes into contact with the filter assembly 96, thereby adsorbing and filtering the gas, removing harmful gases, purifying the growth environment, stabilizing test conditions, and ensuring comparable screening results.

[0030] A flow channel 92 is provided on the inner side of the ventilation housing 91. A grid plate 93 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the flow channel 92, and a partition group 94 is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the flow channel 92. The grid plate 93 serves to block external impurities from entering and intercepting them from entering the flow channel 92. When operation stops, the impurities fall into the inner side of the drainage channel 12, which is convenient for subsequent discharge with the water flow, reducing the difficulty of subsequent cleaning. Secondly, during the flow of air inside the flow channel 92, the airflow comes into contact with the partition group 94. The partition group 94 is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the flow channel 92 in a staggered manner, so that the partition group 94 intercepts impurities in the airflow, breaks up the airflow, avoids local direct blowing and dead corners, prolongs the airflow residence time, improves gas exchange efficiency, prevents foreign objects from entering, and protects downstream equipment.

[0031] The filter assembly 96 includes a filter housing 961. A receiving plate 962 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the filter housing 961 away from the fan 97. A docking plate 963 is provided on the inner side of the receiving plate 962. A connecting rod 964 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the docking plate 963 near the inner wall of the filter housing 961. Activated carbon 965 is inserted into the outer side of the connecting rod 964. A magnetic block 966 is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting rod 964 away from the docking plate 963. Airflow enters the filter housing 961 through the connecting pipe 95, and comes into contact with activated carbon 965. During the ventilation process of the fan 97, harmful gases are adsorbed, preventing plant damage, maintaining the stability of the gas composition inside the device, ensuring photosynthesis and respiration, preventing direct gas discharge that could harm the human body, optimizing the working environment, and avoiding pollution to the external environment. Activated carbon 965 is placed on the connecting rod 964, and then a magnetic block 966 is placed on the connecting rod 964 to fix the activated carbon 965, preventing vibration of the components caused by airflow and preventing it from affecting the filtration effect. Secondly, a groove is opened on the outer side of the receiving plate 962, and a block is set on the outer side of the connecting plate 963. When the connecting plate 963 needs to be connected with the receiving plate 962, the block of the connecting plate 963 needs to be inserted and aligned with the groove of the receiving plate 962. Rotating the connecting plate 963 causes the block to be misaligned with the groove of the receiving plate 962, thereby fixing the components, maintaining the stability of the components, preventing movement during subsequent operations, and facilitating disassembly and installation.

[0032] In use, seeds or seedlings are placed on the placement rack 5, which loads the seedlings. The placement rack 5 has three evenly fixed pieces on the sealing plate 2. When the operator pulls the sealing plate 2 to move the placement rack 5 into the screening box 1, the bottom of the placement rack 5 slides and engages with the slide rail 4. This engagement maintains stability between components, preventing displacement during placement and avoiding impact on other parts. Based on the seeds or seedlings placed, the required simulated light intensity and shading height are calculated. The interior of the screening box 1 is then illuminated by the light source 6, and the internal components are raised using the lifting adjustment component 8 to meet subsequent operational needs. The system requires a water pump connected to one side of the water pump pipe 3 to inject water into the interior of the screening box 1, making the interior of the screening box 1 function as a water storage tank for subsequent humidification of the materials. The bottom of the humidification component 7 is connected to the interior of the screening box 1. The humidification component 7 draws water from the interior of the screening box 1 and then sprays it onto the materials to meet the basic water requirements for the growth of forage grass, regulate the humidity of the microenvironment within the device, adapt to the growth characteristics of shade-tolerant forage grass, assist in the integrated water and fertilizer supply, and improve nutrient absorption efficiency. Spraying water is often combined with fertilization, i.e., integrated water and fertilizer, where the dissolved nutrient solution is sprayed or drip-irrigated with water. This method allows nutrients to be evenly distributed in the substrate or soil, facilitating absorption by the grass roots. It also avoids root burn caused by excessively high local concentrations of solid fertilizer, ensuring healthy plant growth. The volatilization of substances inside the screening chamber 1 can easily lead to gas accumulation inside the equipment. The ventilation component 9 ventilates the inside of the screening chamber 1 to ensure gas exchange, meet the needs of respiration and photosynthesis, regulate temperature and humidity, and inhibit the growth of diseases. The ventilation component 9 is equipped with a filtration mechanism that adsorbs and filters the gas, removes harmful gases, purifies the growth environment, stabilizes experimental conditions, and ensures comparable screening results.

[0033] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A screening device for shade-tolerant pasture grasses under forest, characterized by, The system includes a screening box (1), a light source (6) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the inner wall of the screening box (1), a slide rail (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the screening box (1), a placement rack (5) is slidably connected to the top of the slide rail (4), a sealing plate (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer side of the placement rack (5), a lifting adjustment component (8) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the outer side of the screening box (1), a ventilation component (9) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the screening box (1) away from the sealing plate (2), a humidity component (7) is fixedly connected to the middle of the interior of the screening box (1), and a water pump pipe (3) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer side of the screening box (1). The humidity component (7) includes a delivery pipe (71), a rotating pipe (72) is rotatably connected to the top of the delivery pipe (71), a paddle (73) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating pipe (72) near the inner wall of the delivery pipe (71), a spray head (74) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating pipe (72) away from the paddle (73), and an auxiliary component (75) is fixedly connected to the outside of the spray head (74).

2. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement rack (5) has a trapezoidal groove (10) inside, and chip discharge ports (11) are opened on both sides of the outside of the placement rack (5). The screening box (1) has a drainage groove (12) inside, and a drainage port (13) is opened on the side of the screening box (1) near the ventilation component (9).

3. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary component (75) includes an auxiliary base plate (751), a slide rod (752) is fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary base plate (751), an auxiliary top plate (753) is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod (752), an auxiliary block (755) is slidably connected to the outside of the slide rod (752), a spring strip (754) is fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary block (755), one side of the outer side of the spring strip (754) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the auxiliary top plate (753), and an annular groove (756) is provided on the outer side of the auxiliary block (755).

4. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting adjustment component (8) includes a connecting end (81), an electric push rod (82) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting end (81), a receiving frame (83) is fixedly connected to one side of the electric push rod (82), and a shade net assembly (84) is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving frame (83) away from the electric push rod (82).

5. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shade net assembly (84) includes a three-layer frame (841), with a guide rod (842) fixedly connected to the inner side of the three-layer frame (841), a shielding frame (843) fixedly connected to the outer side of the guide rod (842), a shielding cloth (844) fixedly connected to the outer side of the shielding frame (843), a take-up shaft (845) sleeved on the outer side of the shielding cloth (844) away from the shielding frame (843), a sliding block (846) fixedly connected to the outer side of the take-up shaft (845), and the inner side of the sliding block (846) slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rod (842).

6. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A square housing (847) is rotatably connected to one side of the outside of the take-up shaft (845). A motor (848) is fixedly connected to the side of the square housing (847) away from the take-up shaft (845). A connecting belt (849) is sleeved on the output end of the motor (848) and the outside of the take-up shaft (845).

7. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation component (9) includes a ventilation housing (91), a connecting pipe (95) is fixedly connected to one side of the ventilation housing (91), a filter assembly (96) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting pipe (95) away from the ventilation housing (91), and a fan (97) is fixedly connected to the side of the filter assembly (96).

8. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ventilation housing (91) has a flow channel (92) on its inner side. A grid plate (93) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the flow channel (92), and a partition group (94) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner wall of the flow channel (92).

9. The forest shade-tolerant forage grass screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filter assembly (96) includes a filter housing (961), a receiving plate (962) is fixedly connected to the side of the filter housing (961) away from the fan (97), a docking plate (963) is provided on the inner side of the receiving plate (962), a connecting rod (964) is fixedly connected to the side of the docking plate (963) near the inner wall of the filter housing (961), activated carbon (965) is inserted into the outer side of the connecting rod (964), and a magnetic block (966) is sleeved on the side of the connecting rod (964) away from the docking plate (963).

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