Compound feed for relieving heat stress of beef cattle and preparation method of compound feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of beef cattle feeds, in particular to a compound feed for relieving heat stress of beef cattle and a preparation method of the compound feed. The feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-15 parts of a plant extract, 5-8 parts of amino acids, 3-5 parts of probiotics, 20-25 parts of minerals, 3-5 parts of vitamins and 40-55 parts of a carrier, wherein the plant extract comprises honeysuckle flower, wrinkled gianthyssop herb, ginkgo leaf and desertliving cistanche; the amino acid is prepared from gamma-glutamyl cysteine and cysteine glycine; the probiotics comprise clostridium butyricum and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the minerals comprise potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate; the vitamins comprise vitamin C sodium and vitamin E; the carrier comprises corncob and wheat bran. Through reasonable proportioning and synergistic effect of all the components, a multi-dimensional protection system of clearing heat and resisting inflammation, protecting intestinal tracts, regulating microflora, balancing electrolyte and enhancing oxidation is constructed, and comprehensive harm of heat stress to beef cattle is comprehensively covered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of beef cattle feed technology, and in particular to a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Beef cattle have poor heat tolerance and are highly susceptible to heat stress in hot and humid summer environments. Symptoms include decreased feed intake, slowed daily weight gain, changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota, accumulation of harmful microorganisms and toxic metabolites, leading to rumen fermentation dysfunction, damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, and weakened immunity, severely impacting farming efficiency. Currently, feed technologies for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle still have many limitations: some solutions use single ingredients (such as certain traditional Chinese medicines), only targeting a specific aspect of heat stress with limited overall improvement; other compound formulas, while diverse in composition, have high raw material costs, hindering large-scale application; some technologies use components with poor stability, such as vitamin C, which are easily oxidized and inactivated during storage, affecting efficacy; furthermore, existing solutions often fail to consider the synergistic relationship between rumen microecological balance, intestinal mucosal protection, and the body's overall antioxidant capacity, making it difficult to systematically alleviate the comprehensive harm of heat stress to the health and production performance of beef cattle.

[0003] Therefore, developing a compound feed that is comprehensive, stable in composition, cost-effective, and easy to promote has become an urgent need to address the problem of heat stress in beef cattle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle and its preparation method. Through the rational proportion and synergistic effect of each component, a multi-dimensional protection system of "heat clearing and anti-inflammatory, intestinal protection, microbial community regulation, electrolyte balance and antioxidant enhancement" is constructed to comprehensively cover the comprehensive harm of heat stress to beef cattle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts plant extracts, 5-8 parts amino acids, 3-5 parts probiotics, 20-25 parts minerals, 3-5 parts vitamins, and 40-55 parts carrier; The plant extracts include honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche; the amino acids include γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine; the probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the minerals include potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast, and sodium bicarbonate; the vitamins include sodium vitamin C and vitamin E; and the carriers include corn cob and wheat bran.

[0006] Preferably, the mass ratio of honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves and cistanche is (3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(2-3).

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of γ-glutamylcysteine ​​to cysteylglycine is (3-4):(2-4).

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of Clostridium butyricum to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-2):(2-3).

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate is (8-10):(5-7):(1-2):(6-8).

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium vitamin C to vitamin E is (2-3):(1-2).

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of corn cob to wheat bran is (20-30):(20-25).

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following steps: (1) The amino acids, minerals, vitamins and the first part of the carrier are mixed in a first mixture to obtain a first mixture; under sterile conditions, the probiotics and the second part of the carrier are mixed in a second mixture to obtain a second mixture; (2) The plant extract, the first mixture, the second mixture and the remaining carrier are mixed in a third mixture to obtain a compound feed that relieves heat stress in beef cattle.

[0013] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first part of the carrier, the second part of the carrier, and the remaining carrier is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5).

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the rotation speed of the first mixing is 300-400 rpm and the time is 15-20 min; the rotation speed of the second mixing is 200-300 rpm and the time is 10-15 min. In step (2), the rotation speed of the third mixing is 350-450 rpm, and the third mixing ends when the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is less than or equal to 7%.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts plant extracts, 5-8 parts amino acids, 3-5 parts probiotics, 20-25 parts minerals, 3-5 parts vitamins, and 40-55 parts carrier; wherein the plant extracts include honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche; the amino acids include γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine; the probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the minerals include potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast, and sodium bicarbonate; the vitamins include sodium vitamin C and vitamin E; and the carrier includes corn cob and wheat bran. This invention innovatively constructs a multi-dimensional protective system of "heat-clearing and anti-inflammatory, intestinal protection, microbial community regulation, electrolyte balance, and enhanced antioxidant capacity." The plant extracts of honeysuckle and agastache work synergistically to clear heat and generate fluids, relieving dryness and heat in the body; ginkgo leaves and cistanche harmonize the effects of the other herbs and enhance immunity; γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine precisely repair the intestinal mucosal barrier damaged by heat stress, improving nutrient absorption efficiency; Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae optimize rumen fermentation function and intestinal flora structure, reducing digestive disorders; potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, and sodium bicarbonate work synergistically to maintain electrolyte balance, preventing dehydration and metabolic disorders; selenium yeast forms an antioxidant closed loop with vitamin E and sodium vitamin C, reducing oxidative stress damage. Each component has a clear division of labor and works synergistically to comprehensively cover the comprehensive harms of heat stress to beef cattle.

[0016] 2. The raw materials of this invention are readily available, the components are stable and easy to store, the preparation process is simple, the cost is controllable, and it is easy to scale up and promote. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This invention provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts plant extracts, 5-8 parts amino acids, 3-5 parts probiotics, 20-25 parts minerals, 3-5 parts vitamins, and 40-55 parts carrier; The plant extracts include honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche; the amino acids include γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine; the probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the minerals include potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast, and sodium bicarbonate; the vitamins include sodium vitamin C and vitamin E; and the carriers include corn cob and wheat bran.

[0018] In this invention, the mass ratio of honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves and cistanche is (3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(2-3).

[0019] In this invention, the mass ratio of γ-glutamylcysteine ​​to cysteylglycine is (3-4):(2-4).

[0020] In this invention, the mass ratio of Clostridium butyricum to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-2):(2-3).

[0021] In this invention, the probiotic concentration is greater than or equal to 10. 9 CFU / g.

[0022] In this invention, the mass ratio of potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate is (8-10):(5-7):(1-2):(6-8).

[0023] In this invention, the mass ratio of sodium vitamin C to vitamin E is (2-3):(1-2).

[0024] In this invention, the mass ratio of corn cob to wheat bran is (20-30):(20-25).

[0025] This invention also provides a method for preparing the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following steps: (1) The amino acids, minerals, vitamins and the first part of the carrier are mixed in a first mixture to obtain a first mixture; under sterile conditions, the probiotics and the second part of the carrier are mixed in a second mixture to obtain a second mixture; (2) The plant extract, the first mixture, the second mixture and the remaining carrier are mixed in a third mixture to obtain a compound feed that relieves heat stress in beef cattle.

[0026] In this invention, the plant extracts are pretreated before mixing. The pretreatment process includes: washing honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche with water, draining, pulverizing, and passing through a 20-40 mesh sieve; then performing water extraction and vacuum concentration respectively: taking honeysuckle as an example, adding water at 10-15 times the weight of honeysuckle, extracting at 80-90℃ for 1.5-2 hours, filtering with a 180-220 mesh filter cloth, and collecting the first extract; adding water at 8-10 times the weight of honeysuckle to the filter residue, extracting at 80-85℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours, and collecting the second extract; combining the two extracts, and concentrating under vacuum at a vacuum of -0.06MPa to -0.08MPa and a temperature of 60-65℃ to a relative density of 1.15-1.20 (at 60℃, the weight of the concentrated sample is 1.15-1.20 times the weight of the same volume of water at 60℃). Each sample obtained by vacuum concentration was vacuum dried at 60-65℃ until the moisture content was less than or equal to 8%, pulverized through a 60-100 mesh sieve, and mixed evenly.

[0027] In this invention, the carrier is pretreated before mixing; the pretreatment process includes drying corn cobs and wheat bran at 55-65°C until the moisture content is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing them and passing them through a 60-100 mesh sieve.

[0028] Moisture content refers to the percentage of water in a sample relative to its total mass.

[0029] In this invention, a sterile environment refers to a cleanliness level of 100,000 or higher.

[0030] In this invention, the mass ratio of the first part of the carrier, the second part of the carrier, and the remaining carrier is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5).

[0031] In this invention, in step (1), the rotation speed of the first mixing is 300-400 rpm and the time is 15-20 min; the rotation speed of the second mixing is 200-300 rpm and the time is 10-15 min.

[0032] In this invention, in step (2), the rotation speed of the third mixing is 350-450 rpm, and the third mixing ends when the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is less than or equal to 7%.

[0033] The coefficient of variation (CV) for mixing uniformity is a statistical indicator that measures the degree of uniformity in the mixing of materials. It is calculated as: CV = (standard deviation / mean) × 100%. This coefficient is calculated by sampling the mixed materials at multiple points and analyzing the content of specific components. The lower the CV value, the more uniform the mixing.

[0034] In this invention, the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle is packaged in aluminum foil composite bags with low humidity (relative humidity less than or equal to 60%) and light-proof sealed packaging, and stored at a temperature less than or equal to 25°C.

[0035] In this invention, the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle is suitable for fattening beef cattle weighing 300-600 kg, and its addition amount is 2-3% of the dry matter weight of the beef cattle's daily diet. When using it, the compound feed should be evenly mixed into the concentrate feed and fed twice a day, at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM. The beef cattle should have free access to water during feeding. When the temperature and humidity index (THI) exceeds 72 in summer, the compound feed should be fed continuously until the heat stress period ends.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The features mentioned above or in the specific examples mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and these specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] In the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, Clostridium butyricum was provided by Shandong Baolai Lailai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was provided by Hubei Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.

[0038] Example 1 This embodiment provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: The study included 12 plant extracts (honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaf, and cistanche in a mass ratio of 4:3:3:2), 6 amino acids (γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine in a mass ratio of 3:3), and 4 probiotics (Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 1.5:2.5, with a probiotic concentration of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g), 22.5 parts of minerals (potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 9:6:1.5:6), 4 parts of vitamins (sodium vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5), and 47.5 parts of carrier (corn cob and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 25:22.5).

[0039] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, including the following steps: Honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche were washed with water, drained, pulverized, and passed through a 30-mesh sieve. Then, they were subjected to water extraction and vacuum concentration: taking honeysuckle as an example, 13 times the weight of honeysuckle in water was added, and extraction was carried out at 85℃ for 1.7 hours. After extraction, the mixture was filtered through a 200-mesh filter cloth, and the first extract was collected. Nine times the weight of honeysuckle in water was added to the filter residue, and extraction was carried out at 83℃ for 1 hour, and the second extract was collected. The two extracts were combined and concentrated under vacuum at -0.07 MPa and 62℃ to a relative density of 1.17. The same method was used to extract patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche, followed by water extraction and vacuum concentration. The samples obtained from vacuum concentration were vacuum dried at 62℃ to a moisture content of 8%, pulverized, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and mixed thoroughly for later use. Corn cobs and wheat bran were dried at 60℃ to a moisture content of 9%, then pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0040] Amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and the first carrier (the mass ratio of the first carrier, the second carrier, and the remaining carrier is 1:1:1) were mixed at 350 rpm for 18 minutes to obtain the first mixture. Under sterile conditions (cleanliness level ≥ 100,000), probiotics and the second carrier were mixed at 250 rpm for 13 minutes to obtain the second mixture. Plant extracts, the first mixture, the second mixture, and the remaining carrier were mixed at 400 rpm until the coefficient of variation for uniformity was 6.2%, resulting in a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle. This compound feed was packaged in low-humidity (relative humidity 58%), light-proof, and sealed aluminum foil composite bags and stored at 20°C.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: The following ingredients were included: 10 parts plant extracts (honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaf, and cistanche in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2), 5 parts amino acids (γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine in a mass ratio of 3:2), and 3 parts probiotics (Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 1:2, with a probiotic concentration of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g), 20 parts of minerals (potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 8:5:1:6), 3 parts of vitamins (sodium vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 2:1), and 52 parts of carrier (corn cob and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 28:24).

[0042] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3 This embodiment provides a compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, comprising the following components in parts by weight: The extracts included 15 parts of plant extracts (honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche in a mass ratio of 5:4:5:3), 8 parts of amino acids (γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine in a mass ratio of 4:4), and 5 parts of probiotics (Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 2:3, with a probiotic concentration of 1.5 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g), 25 parts of minerals (potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 10:7:2:6), 5 parts of vitamins (sodium vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 3:2), and 45 parts of carrier (corn cob and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 22:23).

[0044] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a compound feed to alleviate heat stress in beef cattle. The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of amino acids is omitted and the mass fraction of the carrier is adjusted to 53.5 parts.

[0046] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a compound feed to alleviate heat stress in beef cattle. The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of probiotics is omitted and the mass fraction of the carrier is adjusted to 51.5 parts.

[0048] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a compound feed to alleviate heat stress in beef cattle. The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of selenium yeast is omitted, and the mass ratio of potassium chloride, magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate is adjusted to 9:6:7.5.

[0050] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a compound feed to alleviate heat stress in beef cattle. The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of amino acids and probiotics is omitted, and the mass fraction of the carrier is adjusted to 57.5 parts.

[0052] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Experimental Example 1 Seventy healthy Simmental fattening cattle of similar weight (597±29.31 kg) and age (18-20 months) were selected and randomly divided into seven groups (corresponding to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4), with ten cattle in each group. All experimental cattle were housed in the same standardized cattle shed with a consistent environment, tethered, with free access to water, good ventilation, and equipped with a temperature and humidity recorder. The experiment lasted for 60 days, from July 1st to August 29th. During this period, the average daily temperature and humidity index (THI) in the cattle shed was 78-85, indicating a moderate to severe heat stress state.

[0054] Each group was fed a basal diet plus a corresponding compound feed (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-4). The compound feed was added at 2.5% of the dry matter weight of the basal diet. The feed was mixed evenly and fed twice daily at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM. The basal diet formula (dry matter basis) was as follows: corn stalks 20%, corn 55%, soybean meal 11%, wheat bran 10%, limestone powder 0.8%, sodium chloride 0.8%, sodium bicarbonate 1.6%, and premix 0.8%. The premix formula was as follows: Vitamin A 2200 IU / kg, Vitamin D3 1500 IU / kg, Vitamin E 50 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 8 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 3 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 7 mg / kg, Niacin 25 mg / kg, Calcium pantothenate 12 mg / kg, Vitamin B... 12 0.03 mg / kg, copper 30 mg / kg, manganese 35 mg / kg, zinc 120 mg / kg, cobalt 0.5 mg / kg.

[0055] During the experiment, the daily feed intake and uneaten feed were recorded, and the dry matter intake was calculated. On the mornings of days 1 and 60, cattle were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were measured daily at 2:00 PM, with three repeated measurements taken and the average value recorded. The results of the daily weight gain and physiological indicators of the beef cattle are shown in Figure 1.

[0056] Table 1. Results of Daily Weight Gain and Physiological Indicators in Beef Cattle

[0057] Table 1 shows that, under heat stress, the dry matter intake and average daily weight gain of beef cattle in Examples 1-3 were significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-4 (P<0.05); in terms of feed conversion ratio, Examples 1 and 3 were significantly lower than Comparative Example 4 (P<0.05); at the same time, the rectal temperature of beef cattle in the Example groups showed a decreasing trend.

[0058] After the experiment, 10 mL of jugular vein blood was collected from each cow, centrifuged, and the serum was separated. Serum cortisol levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to reflect the degree of stress. Serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured using appropriate biochemical reagent kits to evaluate the body's antioxidant and oxidative damage status. The results of the physiological and biochemical tests are recorded in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2 Results of Physiological and Biochemical Indicators Tests

[0060] Table 2 shows that the serum cortisol levels in beef cattle in Examples 1-3 were significantly lower than those in Comparative Examples 1-4. P <0.001); In Example 3, the SOD activity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in comparative groups 1-4. P <0.001). Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity of serum in the example group showed an increasing trend, while the malondialdehyde content showed a decreasing trend.

[0061] On day 60 of the experiment, before morning feeding, five cattle were randomly selected from each group, and 50 mL of rumen fluid samples were collected via transoral rumen catheter and rapidly filtered through four layers of gauze. The filtrate was aliquoted into sterile RNAase-free cryovials, immediately flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at -80°C until analysis. Total microbial DNA was extracted from the rumen fluid using the OMEGA Soil DNA Kit. PCR amplification of the V3-V4 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed using universal primers 338F (5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3') and 806R (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). After purification and quantification, the amplified products were sequenced using PE250 paired-end sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The raw sequencing data were quality controlled, denoised, assembled, and chimera removed using the QIIME 2 (2022.11) platform to obtain AmpliconSequence Variants (ASVs). Species taxonomic annotation was performed using the SILVA 138 database. Based on the annotation results, the relative abundance of specific microbial groups in each sample (i.e., the percentage of sequences from that taxonomic unit to the total effective sequences) was calculated at the phylum and genus levels. The results of the rumen microbial composition and abundance tests in beef cattle are shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3. Results of rumen microbial composition and abundance testing in beef cattle

[0063] Table 3 shows that, regarding the rumen microbial composition, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the beef cattle of Example 3 group was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-4 (P<0.05), while the abundance of Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend. Among the beneficial genera related to fiber degradation, Rumenococcus and Prevotella had the highest relative abundance in Example 3 group; while regarding potentially harmful bacteria, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli-Shigella was the lowest in this group.

[0064] Based on the above indicators and statistical analysis results, feeding the compound feed used in this invention during the summer heat stress period can promote the growth of beef cattle, enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria in the rumen, and regulate the composition of rumen microorganisms.

[0065] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle and its preparation method. Through the rational proportioning and synergistic effects of each component, a multi-dimensional protective system of "heat-clearing and anti-inflammatory, intestinal protection, microbial community regulation, electrolyte balance, and enhanced antioxidant capacity" is constructed, comprehensively covering the comprehensive harm of heat stress to beef cattle. Among them, honeysuckle and agastache in plant extracts synergistically clear heat and generate fluids, relieving dryness and heat in the body; ginkgo leaves and cistanche harmonize the various herbs and enhance immunity; γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine precisely repair the intestinal mucosal barrier damaged by heat stress and improve nutrient absorption efficiency; Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae optimize rumen fermentation function and intestinal flora structure, reducing digestive disorders; potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, and sodium bicarbonate synergistically maintain electrolyte balance and avoid dehydration and metabolic disorders; selenium yeast forms an antioxidant closed loop with vitamin E and sodium vitamin C, reducing oxidative stress damage.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle, characterized in that, The components include the following parts by mass: 10-15 parts plant extracts, 5-8 parts amino acids, 3-5 parts probiotics, 20-25 parts minerals, 3-5 parts vitamins, and 40-55 parts carrier; The plant extracts include honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves, and cistanche; the amino acids include γ-glutamylcysteine ​​and cysteylglycine; the probiotics include Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the minerals include potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast, and sodium bicarbonate; the vitamins include sodium vitamin C and vitamin E; and the carriers include corn cob and wheat bran.

2. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of honeysuckle, patchouli, ginkgo leaves and cistanche is (3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(2-3).

3. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of γ-glutamylcysteine ​​to cysteylglycine is (3-4):(2-4).

4. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Clostridium butyricum to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-2):(2-3).

5. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, selenium yeast and sodium bicarbonate is (8-10):(5-7):(1-2):(6-8).

6. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of sodium vitamin C to vitamin E is (2-3):(1-2).

7. The compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of corn cob to wheat bran is (20-30):(20-25).

8. The method for preparing the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The amino acids, minerals, vitamins and the first part of the carrier are mixed in a first mixture to obtain a first mixture; under sterile conditions, the probiotics and the second part of the carrier are mixed in a second mixture to obtain a second mixture; (2) The plant extract, the first mixture, the second mixture and the remaining carrier are mixed in a third mixture to obtain a compound feed that relieves heat stress in beef cattle.

9. The method for preparing the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the first part of the carrier, the second part of the carrier, and the remaining carrier is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5).

10. The method for preparing the compound feed for alleviating heat stress in beef cattle according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (1), the rotation speed of the first mixing is 300-400 rpm and the time is 15-20 min; the rotation speed of the second mixing is 200-300 rpm and the time is 10-15 min. In step (2), the rotation speed of the third mixing is 350-450 rpm, and the third mixing ends when the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is less than or equal to 7%.

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