Carbon quantum dot prepared by using traditional Chinese medicine allium macrostemon as carbon source and application of carbon quantum dot in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon quantum dot prepared by taking a traditional Chinese medicine allium macrostemon as a carbon source and an application of the carbon quantum dot in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, and can effectively solve the problems of insufficient pertinence of existing support treatment and limitation of lack of effective long-term intervention means. The obtained CQDs can be used for in-vivo intervention to reduce the levels of renal injury markers and proinflammatory factors in an AKI state and inhibit phosphorylation activation of a JNK and NF-kappa B related pathway, so that cisplatin-induced renal tissue injury is relieved; meanwhile, the mitochondrial damage expression is improved on the ultrastructure level, and a certain protection effect is achieved on related glomerular structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanobiomedicine and the application of traditional Chinese medicine-derived nanomaterials, and in particular to a carbon quantum dot prepared using the traditional Chinese medicine Allium macrostemon as a carbon source and its application in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Background Technology

[0002] Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and dose-limited serious adverse reaction in cancer chemotherapy. Its pathological process involves multiple steps, including damage to renal tubular epithelial cells, amplified inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial structural and functional disorders. Current clinical treatment mainly involves fluid resuscitation, dose adjustment, and symptomatic support. While these measures can reduce the risk to some extent, they still have limitations: there is a lack of effective interventions that can directly block key pathological steps; overall treatment is mainly supportive, making it difficult to achieve systematic regulation of inflammation and mitochondrial damage; and the tolerance and adherence to long-term medication in the context of cancer treatment are also limited for some patients. Currently, existing technologies mainly have the following problems:

[0003] 1. There is a lack of effective and safe specific interventions for cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: Currently, clinical treatment for cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury mainly focuses on fluid resuscitation, dose adjustment, and symptomatic support, lacking drugs or materials that can directly target key aspects such as renal tubular damage and amplified inflammation. At the same time, in the context of tumor chemotherapy, intervention measures need to take safety into account to avoid increasing systemic toxicity or affecting the progress of anti-tumor treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a kidney protection strategy with lower toxicity and side effects that can be used relatively safely during chemotherapy.

[0004] 2. Existing treatment regimens have limited overall efficacy against cisplatin-induced AKI: While supportive care can reduce the risk of kidney damage to some extent, it is insufficient to improve existing kidney function and histological damage, and it is difficult to stably reduce renal function indicators such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. In addition, some patients still experience pathological changes such as renal tubular structural damage and inflammatory infiltration, suggesting the need for a new intervention regimen that can simultaneously improve outcomes at both the functional and histological levels.

[0005] 3. Lack of comprehensive multi-target regulation of AKI's multifactorial mechanisms: Cisplatin-induced AKI is usually driven by multiple factors such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Existing measures often focus on one link or only provide general support, lacking systematic regulation of inflammatory signaling axes such as JNK and NF-κB, as well as mitochondrial structure and energy homeostasis. It is difficult to achieve overall intervention in the pathological process. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a technical solution that can play a synergistic role through multiple pathways.

[0006] 4. Insufficient application and optimization of drug administration routes of nanomaterials derived from traditional Chinese medicine in chemotherapy-related AKI: Current research on the prevention and treatment of kidney injury using traditional Chinese medicine mainly focuses on traditional extracts or monomeric components, with insufficient exploration of the advantages of nanomaterials such as carbon quantum dots derived from traditional Chinese medicine; at the same time, there is a lack of systematic comparison of the effects of different drug administration routes on their in vivo efficacy and stability, which makes it difficult to guide practical applications.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that have multiple targets, lower toxicity and side effects, and are easy to use, in order to improve the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-related AKI. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Based on the above technical background, the purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon quantum dot prepared using the traditional Chinese medicine Allium macrostemon as a carbon source and its application in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, which can effectively solve the limitations of existing supportive treatments that lack specificity and effective long-term intervention methods.

[0009] The technical solution provided by this invention is the application of carbon quantum dots (XiebaiCQDs) prepared using the traditional Chinese medicine Allium macrostemon as a carbon source in the preparation of drugs for treating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

[0010] The method for preparing carbon quantum dots is as follows: 100 g of Allium macrostemon is mixed with 200 mL of water, and the mixture is filtered after being broken down into a liquid. The filtrate is transferred to a 500 mL hydrothermal reactor and heated at a constant temperature of 100 °C for 12 h, followed by natural cooling to obtain a dark brown solution. The solution is then dialyzed in a 3000 Da dialysis bag for 48 h, and the dialyzed carbon quantum dot solution is collected to obtain the final product.

[0011] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0012] 1. Multi-pathway renal protection advantages: Xiebai carbon quantum dots (Xiebai CQDs) showed multi-pathway synergistic intervention characteristics in the cisplatin-induced AKI model. They could simultaneously reduce the levels of renal injury-related markers and downregulate the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors, suggesting that they have a comprehensive alleviating effect on renal injury and inflammatory response, which is beneficial to improving the overall renal injury outcome.

[0013] 2. Advantages of Mechanism of Action: Mechanism studies show that Allium macrostemon CQDs can inhibit the phosphorylation activation of JNK and NF-κB related pathways and weaken the process of inflammatory signal amplification; at the same time, at the ultrastructural level, it can improve the manifestation of mitochondrial damage and has a certain protective effect on glomerular related structures, thus forming a linkage mechanism of "anti-inflammatory - mitochondrial protection - tissue damage reduction", which is different from single target intervention.

[0014] 3. Comprehensive therapeutic advantages: Compared with simple symptomatic support, Allium macrostemon CQDs can simultaneously demonstrate protective effects at the functional and histological levels, manifested in reducing serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, improving renal pathological changes, and forming a consistent chain of evidence in molecular and ultrastructural indicators, providing a more comprehensive basis for renal protection evaluation.

[0015] 4. Comparative advantages of administration routes: This invention compared intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage, and the results showed that intraperitoneal injection can achieve a more stable and significant intervention effect, providing experimental basis for the selection of administration routes in subsequent applications.

[0016] 5. Advantages of simple preparation and applicability: Allium macrostemon CQDs are prepared by hydrothermal method and purified by dialysis. The process route is clear, and the obtained CQDs solution can be directly used for in vivo administration. This facilitates the optimization of dosage and route in animal experiments and provides a basis for further application development. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This invention relates to the effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on the condition and weight changes in AKI mice.

[0018] Figure 2 This invention relates to the effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on kidneys and kidney weight ratio in AKI mice.

[0019] Figure 3 This invention relates to the effect of Allium macrostemon CQDs on serum CRE and BUN levels in AKI mice.

[0020] Figure 4 The effect of the Allium macrostemon CQDs of this invention on the renal pathology of AKI mice (scale bar: 200 μm).

[0021] Figure 5 This invention relates to the expression of kidney injury markers and inflammatory factor mRNAs in AKI mice by Allium macrostemon CQDs.

[0022] Figure 6 This invention relates to the effect of Allium macrostemon CQDs on renal protein expression in AKI mice.

[0023] Figure 7 This invention relates to the effect of Allium macrostemon CQDs on kidney damage in AKI mice. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The preparation method of the carbon quantum dots is as follows: 100 g of Allium macrostemon is mixed with 200 mL of water and placed in a blender to be processed into a homogeneous liquid. The mixture is then filtered through a filter cloth / filtration device, and the filtrate is collected. The filtrate is transferred to a 500 mL hydrothermal reactor and heated at 100 °C for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is allowed to cool naturally to obtain a dark brown reaction solution. The reaction solution is placed in a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da and dialyzed for 48 h. After the dialysis is completed, the dialysate is collected to obtain an Allium macrostemon carbon quantum dot (XiebaiCQDs) solution. The final concentration of the obtained CQDs solution is 276 µg / mL.

[0027] Based on the idea that traditional Chinese medicine resources can be transformed into functional nanomaterials, this invention prepares carbon quantum dots (Xiebai CQDs) using Allium macrostemon as a carbon source and verifies their renal protective effect in a cisplatin-induced AKI model. Compared with traditional single-target drugs, this material has a multi-pathway synergistic advantage: it can downregulate the expression of renal injury-related molecular markers and various pro-inflammatory factors, inhibit abnormal activation of inflammatory signaling pathways such as JNK and NF-κB, thereby alleviating inflammation-mediated tissue damage; simultaneously, it improves mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and protects the structural integrity of glomerular podocytes, laying the foundation for maintaining energy homeostasis and renal barrier function. Furthermore, comparisons of different administration routes suggest that intraperitoneal injection is more likely to achieve a stable and significant protective effect than oral gavage. The process flow of this invention mainly includes the following unit operations: Raw material processing unit: 100 g of Allium macrostemon is mixed with 200 mL of water, placed in a high-speed blender to process into a homogeneous liquid, and filtered through a filter cloth / filtration device to collect the filtrate; Hydrothermal reaction unit: The above filtrate is transferred to a 500 mL hydrothermal reactor and heated at a constant temperature of 100 ℃ for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, it is naturally cooled to obtain a dark brown reaction solution; Purification unit: The reaction solution is placed in a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da and dialyzed for 48 h. After dialysis, the dialysate is collected to obtain an Allium macrostemon carbon quantum dot (Xiebai CQDs) solution; The final concentration of the obtained CQDs solution is 276 µg / mL, which can be used as a formulation for subsequent in vivo application. Relevant experimental data are as follows:

[0028] 1. Raw material usage and proportions

[0029] The preparation of *Xiebai* carbon quantum dots (CQDs) according to this invention uses *Xiebai* as raw material, with the following dosage and ratio: 100 g of *Xiebai* and 200 mL of water. After mixing *Xiebai* and water, the mixture is subjected to cell wall disruption and filtered. The resulting filtrate is used for subsequent hydrothermal reactions to prepare carbon quantum dots. The above raw material ratio ensures a stable concentration of raw materials in the reaction system, which is beneficial for obtaining a homogeneous carbon quantum dot solution and meets the requirements for subsequent purification and in vivo application formulations.

[0030] 2. Laboratory animals

[0031] Twenty-four SPF-grade male C57 / BL6J mice, 6 - 8 weeks old, weighing 18 - 25 g, were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., with the animal production license number: SCXK (Beijing) 2021 - 0006. All animals were raised in Yishengyuan Gene Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., with the use license number: SYXK (Tianjin) 2021 - 0003. The mice were raised in an environment with a temperature of 23 - 26 °C, a humidity of 40% - 70%, and a light and dark cycle of 12 h each, with sufficient food and water supply. After 1 week of adaptive feeding, the experiment was carried out. The animal experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Experimental Animal Center of Tianjin University, with the ethics number: TJUE2025 - A - S - 016.

[0032] 3. Establishment and grouping of the mouse AKI model

[0033] Male C57BL / 6 mice at 6 - 8 weeks old were placed in a suitable environment for feeding, with free access to food and water. After 1 week of adaptive feeding, they were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (CON), AKI model group (AKI), AKI + Allium macrostemon CQDs intraperitoneal injection intervention group (AKI + CI), and AKI + Allium macrostemon CQDs oral gavage intervention group (AKI + CO), with 6 mice in each group. Except for the CON group, on the 3rd day of the experiment, the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin (20 mg·kg⁻¹) once to establish an acute kidney injury model. The AKI + CI group was intraperitoneally injected with Allium macrostemon CQDs 0.25 mL / rat / day for 5 consecutive days; the AKI + CO group was orally gavaged with Allium macrostemon CQDs solution 1 mL / rat / day for 5 consecutive days. During the experiment, the general status of the mice was observed, and on the 6th day of the experiment, the body weight was recorded and blood and kidney tissues were taken for subsequent detection and analysis.

[0034] 3.1 Blood and kidney tissue collection, sub-packaging and preservation

[0035] After recording the body weight on the 6th day of the experiment, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and whole blood samples were obtained by eye socket blood collection. The blood samples were centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C to separate the serum and store it for later use. Subsequently, both kidneys were removed, observed macroscopically and weighed, and the kidney weight / body weight ratio (kidney index) was calculated to reflect the degree of kidney swelling and injury. The kidney tissues were sub-packaged according to their uses: a part was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for subsequent histological detection; a part was fixed in TEM tissue fixative for ultrastructural observation; the remaining kidney tissues were stored at -80 °C for molecular biological detection.

[0036] 3.2 Detection of renal function indices (serum CRE and BUN)

[0037] Serum samples were used to detect creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels to evaluate the degree of cisplatin-induced renal function impairment and the improvement of renal function after intervention with Allium macrostemon CQDs.

[0038] 3.3 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of frozen sections of kidney tissue

[0039] Kidney tissue was immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde fixative for 48 hours, then embedded in OCT embedding medium and serially sectioned on a cryostat to a thickness of 6 µm. Subsequently, H&E and Masson staining were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.

[0040] The specific steps of hematoxylin-eosin staining (G1120, Solarbio) are as follows: Dewaxing and rehydration: Place the kidney tissue sections on a staining rack and dewax them in xylene for 10 minutes, repeating twice; Gradient alcohol rehydration: Subsequently, the sections are rehydrated through a series of gradient alcohols, including anhydrous ethanol for 3 minutes, 95% ethanol for 3 minutes, 85% ethanol for 3 minutes, and 75% ethanol for 3 minutes, and finally soaked in distilled water for 2 minutes to prepare for staining; Staining: The sections are stained in hematoxylin staining solution for 5 minutes, and then rinsed with distilled water to remove excess stain; Differentiation: The sections are placed in differentiation solution for 30 seconds, rinsed with tap water for 3 minutes, and repeated twice; Eosin staining: The sections are stained in eosin staining solution for 40 seconds, and after removing excess staining solution, they are rapidly dehydrated; Dehydration and clearing: The sections are dehydrated sequentially through 75%, 85%, 95% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, and then cleared in xylene; Mounting: The sections are mounted with neutral resin, and after drying overnight, they are observed using an inverted microscope (Nikon, Ti2).

[0041] 3.4 Detection of renal injury markers and inflammatory factor mRNA (RT-qPCR)

[0042] Kidney tissue frozen at -80℃ was used to efficiently extract total RNA from the frozen kidney tissue using an animal RNA extraction kit with a rotating column. The total RNA concentration was measured using Nanodrop. Reverse transcription was performed using cDNA synthesis premix to convert the total RNA template into double-stranded cDNA. A real-time quantitative PCR detection system (20 µl) based on the SYBR Green fluorescent probe method was prepared: 10 µl of SYBR Green qPCR Mix (2X), 2 µl each of upstream and downstream specific primer pairs, 2 µl of cDNA template, and 4 µl of DEPC-treated RNase-free water. The reaction conditions were: 95℃ pre-denaturation for 30 s; 95℃ denaturation for 5 s, 60℃ annealing and extension for 30 s, 72℃ extension for 30 s, for 40 cycles. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1) and damage factors (KIM-1, NGAL, Spp1, Timp1) were detected. Primer sequences were designed using Primer 5.0 software.

[0043] 3.5 Protein Expression and Signaling Pathway Detection (Western blot)

[0044] Renal tissue protein samples were collected for Western blot analysis. Protein markers used to evaluate renal injury included NGAL; markers used to evaluate signaling pathway activation included phosphorylation levels of JNK and NF-κB pathway-related proteins (p-JNK / JNK, p-NF-κB / NF-κB). The effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on abnormal activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways were assessed by comparing differences in protein expression and phosphorylation levels among the groups.

[0045] 3.6 Ultrastructural observation of kidney tissue (TEM)

[0046] Kidney tissues fixed in TEM fixative were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in kidney tissues from different groups were compared, with a focus on mitochondrial damage-related manifestations and assessment of glomerular structural changes. The protective effect of Allium macrostemon CQDs against cisplatin-induced AKI was verified at the ultrastructural level.

[0047] 4. Statistical Analysis

[0048] Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.5 software. Normally distributed measurement data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (xs). One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and LSD-t tests were performed for multiple comparisons between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0049] 4.1 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on the status and body weight changes in AKI mice ( Figure 1The results showed that, compared with the CON group, the AKI group mice had a significant decrease in body weight (P<0.05) and exhibited obvious pathological symptoms such as dull fur, reduced activity, and decreased food intake. Compared with the AKI group, the trend of weight loss in mice was alleviated after intervention with Allium macrostemon CQDs, with the intraperitoneal injection group (AKI+CI) showing more significant improvement (P<0.05) and a more obvious recovery in overall condition, manifested by gradually regaining the luster of fur, increased activity, and improved feeding. The oral gavage group (AKI+CO) also showed some improvement, but the overall improvement was less than that in the AKI+CI group. These results suggest that Allium macrostemon CQDs can improve the overall condition of cisplatin-induced AKI mice and reduce weight loss to a certain extent, with the intraperitoneal injection route showing better intervention than oral administration.

[0050] 4.2 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on kidney and kidney weight ratio in AKI mice ( Figure 2 Compared with the CON group, the kidney weight ratio of the AKI group was significantly increased (P<0.05), suggesting that cisplatin-induced kidney injury is accompanied by kidney enlargement; compared with the AKI group, the kidney weight ratio of the AKI+CI group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), approaching the normal level, while the kidney weight ratio of the AKI+CO group showed no significant improvement. Figure 2 (A, 2B). The above results indicate that CQDs can effectively alleviate renal enlargement caused by kidney injury through intraperitoneal injection, and the route of administration plays a key role in the intervention effect.

[0051] 4.3 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on serum CRE and BUN levels in AKI mice ( Figure 3 Compared with the CON group, the serum CRE and BUN levels in the AKI group were significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating impaired renal function; compared with the AKI group, the serum CRE and BUN levels in the AKI+CI group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), approaching normal levels, while no significant improvement was observed in the related indicators in the AKI+CO group. Figure 3 (A, 3B). The results further support the conclusion that intraperitoneal injection of CQDs can effectively improve renal function and reduce renal damage, and that the route of administration plays a key role in the intervention effect.

[0052] 4.4 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on renal pathology in AKI mice ( Figure 4HE staining results showed that the kidney tissue of mice in the CON group had clear structure, intact glomerular outlines, and regular tubular arrangement with normal structure. Compared with the CON group, the kidney tissue of mice in the AKI group showed significant damage, including glomerular atrophy, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, increased infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and hyaline cast-like structures in some renal tubules. Compared with AKI, the kidney tissue structure of mice in the AKI+CI and AKI+CO groups was significantly improved, with basically normal glomerular and tubular structures, significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration, and significantly reduced pathological damage. The AKI+CI group showed better results than the AKI+CO group. These results suggest that CQDs have good tissue protective effects, especially intraperitoneal injection of CQDs can effectively alleviate cisplatin-induced structural damage to mouse kidney tissue.

[0053] 4.5 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on the mRNA expression of renal inflammation and damage factors in AKI mice ( Figure 5 The mRNA expression levels of kidney injury-related genes (NGAL, KIM1, Spp1, Timp1) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1) in kidney tissue were detected by real-time RT-qPCR. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the gene expression levels of the above-mentioned kidney injury markers and inflammatory factors in the kidney tissue of mice in the AKI group were significantly increased (P<0.05), suggesting that cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury is accompanied by significant tissue damage and inflammatory response. Compared with the AKI group, the expression levels of the above-mentioned genes in the AKI+CI group and the AKI+CO group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect was more significant in the intraperitoneal injection group. Figure 5 (A, 5B). These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of carbon quantum dots can significantly inhibit the expression of kidney injury-related genes and inflammatory factors, and alleviate cisplatin-induced inflammatory response and kidney injury, while oral administration has limited efficacy, further emphasizing the importance of the route of administration in intervention strategies.

[0054] 4.6 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on renal protein expression in AKI mice ( Figure 6 NGAL protein expression was detected by Western blot to verify the trend of mRNA level changes. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the NGAL protein level in the kidney tissue of AKI group mice was significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with the AKI group, NGAL protein expression was significantly downregulated in AKI+CI and AKI+CO groups mice (P<0.05), with the decrease being more significant in the AKI+CI group, consistent with the RT-qPCR results. Figure 7Furthermore, to explore the possible signaling pathways involved, we examined the expression levels of p-JNK and p-NF-κB proteins. The results showed that the expression of p-JNK and p-NF-κB proteins in the kidney tissue of AKI-group mice was significantly upregulated (P<0.05), suggesting activation of the JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways; while the phosphorylation levels of these proteins were significantly decreased in the AKI+CI and AKI+CO groups (P<0.05), indicating that activation of this pathway was inhibited. Figure 6 (B, 6C). The above results confirm that CQD intake can reduce cisplatin-induced inflammatory response and renal tissue damage by inhibiting the activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

[0055] 4.7 Effects of Allium macrostemon CQDs on Kidney Injury in AKI Mice ( Figure 7 TEM observation revealed changes in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury at the cellular substructure level. Results showed that, compared to the CON group, mitochondria in the kidney tissue of mice in the AKI group were significantly swollen, with cristae rupture and even outer membrane rupture, indicating typical mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in the kidney tissue. Compared to the AKI group, the mitochondrial structure of mice in the AKI+CI group was significantly improved, with reduced swelling and intact mitochondrial membrane structure, without significant rupture. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of carbon quantum dots can effectively inhibit cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage, thereby alleviating apoptosis-mediated kidney tissue damage. Figure 7 A). Meanwhile, regarding glomerular structure, compared to the CON group, the AKI group mice showed significant damage, with widespread fusion or even absence of podocyte foot processes and uneven thickening of the basement membrane. Compared to the AKI group, the AKI+CI group mice maintained intact podocyte structure, clearly visible foot processes, and uniform basement membrane thickness, with no obvious pathological changes. Figure 7 B). The above results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of carbon quantum dots effectively protects the integrity of mitochondrial structure, maintains the structure of the glomerular filtration barrier, significantly alleviates cisplatin-induced renal tissue damage, and has a good renal protective effect.

[0056] The present invention uses hydrothermal treatment of Allium macrostemon to form a carbon quantum dot solution. The resulting CQDs can be used for in vivo intervention to reduce the levels of kidney injury markers and pro-inflammatory factors in AKI state, and inhibit the phosphorylation activation of JNK and NF-κB related pathways, thereby alleviating cisplatin-induced kidney tissue damage; at the same time, it improves the manifestation of mitochondrial damage at the ultrastructural level and has a certain protective effect on glomerular related structures.

Claims

1. The application of carbon quantum dots prepared using the traditional Chinese medicine Allium macrostemon as a carbon source in the preparation of drugs for treating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

2. The application of the carbon quantum dots prepared using the traditional Chinese medicine Allium macrostemon as a carbon source as described in claim 1 in the preparation of a drug for treating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, characterized in that... The method for preparing carbon quantum dots is as follows: 100 g of Allium macrostemon is mixed with 200 mL of water, and the mixture is filtered after being broken down into a liquid. The filtrate is transferred to a 500 mL hydrothermal reactor and heated at a constant temperature of 100 °C for 12 h, followed by natural cooling to obtain a dark brown solution. The solution is then dialyzed in a 3000 Da dialysis bag for 48 h, and the dialyzed carbon quantum dot solution is collected to obtain the final product.

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