Low-energy consumption crushing and slurry conditioning process for mine filling aggregate

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of mine filling crushing, and discloses a low-energy-consumption crushing and slurry modulation process for mine filling aggregate, which comprises the following steps: preparing a matrix slurry with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, mixing coarse aggregate into the matrix slurry to form a crushing medium; controlling a crusher to apply crushing pressure in pulse strokes, so that the loading acceleration of the crushing load reaches a shear thickening threshold, the matrix slurry is induced to convert from a flow state to a quasi-solid state, a liquid-phase force transmission medium is constructed between the coarse aggregate, and the pressure load is directionally conducted along the coarse aggregate joint surface; and monitoring the current fluctuation characteristics of a motor and adjusting the feeding proportion of the matrix slurry and the coarse aggregate. The present application utilizes the shear thickening phenomenon to construct an efficient stress conduction path, reduces the crushing energy loss, utilizes the matrix slurry to capture new fine particles, prevents over-crushing and secondary grinding, and realizes the integration and cooperation of crushing and slurry modulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregates, belonging to the field of mine backfill crushing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Current mine backfill aggregate preparation processes employ dry crushing combined with post-mixing in series. The mechanical crushing system transmits external mechanical loads to internal defects in the material, triggering a fracture process. Under conventional dry crushing conditions, air gaps exist in the material bed within the crushing chamber, leading to impedance mismatch at the stress wave transmission interface and energy utilization rates below 10%. As mining depth increases, existing technologies increase the number of crushing cycles or enhance extrusion strength to achieve the required fine powder content for backfilling. This results in over-grinding of aggregates, producing a large number of ineffective ultrafine particles, wasting mechanical energy, deteriorating the rheological properties of the slurry, increasing long-distance pumping resistance, and causing rapid physicochemical passivation of the newly formed aggregate surfaces in the air, reducing the bonding strength between the aggregate and the cementitious matrix in the later stages.

[0003] Optimizing equipment hardware structure to improve operational flexibility is a direction for existing technological improvements. For example, the utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN217440095U discloses a mine filling operation device that uses a tracked walking mechanism in conjunction with a clamping and guiding mechanism to complete pipeline layout. This type of solution focuses on hardware layout displacement, and the control layer monitors the logic to serve the equipment attitude positioning. It does not establish a coupling feedback between crushing load and slurry rheological state. When faced with non-homogeneous ore or slurry concentration fluctuations, it is impossible to correct the feed ratio from the source, and the dead zone of mechanical energy transmission and over-crushing phenomenon cannot be reversed. Introducing a conventional wet grinding path to suppress dust, the low viscosity liquid phase under high load extrusion environment produces a lubricating effect, causing coarse aggregate particles to undergo dynamic slippage rather than axial splitting. Mechanical energy is converted into heat energy by ineffective shear absorption of slurry, the crushing ratio is limited, and wear of crusher liners is caused.

[0004] Therefore, how to utilize the rheological properties of high-concentration slurry to construct a stress transmission field, achieve low-energy crushing of aggregates, and induce in-situ activation of new surfaces has become the technical problem to be solved by this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S101: Prepare a matrix slurry with non-Newtonian fluid properties, and mix coarse aggregate into the matrix slurry to form a crushing medium;

[0007] Step S102: Fill the crushing chamber of the crusher with crushing medium so that the matrix slurry fills the gaps between the coarse aggregates.

[0008] Step S103: Control the crusher to apply crushing pressure to the crushing medium in pulse strokes, and the loading acceleration of the crushing load during the pulse strokes. Satisfy the formula ,in The increment of loading speed within the pulse stroke. To adjust the duration of the acceleration phase; adjust the output parameters of the pulse stroke to achieve the desired loading acceleration. The shear thickening threshold is reached to match the rheological parameters of the matrix slurry, so that the matrix slurry between coarse aggregates undergoes shear thickening from fluid to quasi-solid state, forming a liquid-phase force transmission medium between the coarse aggregates.

[0009] Step S104: The pressure load generated by the crusher is directionally transmitted along the joint surface of the coarse aggregate using a liquid phase force transmission medium, causing the coarse aggregate to undergo axial splitting and crushing.

[0010] Step S105: Monitor the current fluctuation characteristics of the drive motor of the crusher, and calculate the real-time rheological state value of the matrix slurry in the crushing chamber based on the mapping relationship between the current fluctuation characteristics and the preset power model.

[0011] Step S106: Adjust the feeding ratio of matrix slurry and coarse aggregate according to the deviation between the real-time rheological state value and the preset rheological parameter range, so that the matrix slurry in the crushing chamber is maintained within the preset rheological parameter range.

[0012] Preferably, step S106 specifically includes the following steps: step S201, extracting the amplitude characteristic value from the current fluctuation characteristics; step S202, calculating the apparent viscosity deviation of the crushing medium in the crushing chamber based on the amplitude characteristic value; step S203, when the apparent viscosity deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold, correcting the solid-liquid volume ratio in the crushing chamber by adjusting the flow rate of the feed pump.

[0013] Preferably, in step S101, the yield stress of the matrix slurry is not less than 80 Pa, the matrix slurry is made by mixing mine tailings with water, and the mass concentration of tailings in the matrix slurry is 72% to 78%.

[0014] Preferably, the loading cycle of the pulse stroke in step S103 is 20ms to 50ms, and within a single pulse stroke, the loading rate of the crushing pressure increases linearly with time.

[0015] Preferably, in step S104, at the instant when the coarse aggregate undergoes axial splitting and crushing, the newly generated fine particles are captured and suspended by the matrix slurry to prevent the newly generated fine particles from undergoing secondary grinding between the crushing components.

[0016] Preferably, step S103 further includes constructing a lateral constraint environment within the crushing chamber using the matrix slurry, thereby limiting the lateral displacement of the coarse aggregate during the crushing process through the internal quasi-static pressure generated by the pressure of the matrix slurry.

[0017] Preferably, in step S101, the surface of the coarse aggregate is coated with a matrix slurry to form an in-situ slurry coating layer on the newly formed surface generated by crushing, so as to isolate the newly formed surface from direct contact with air.

[0018] Preferably, in step S103, the crushing wall surface of the crusher is provided with a micron-level uneven anti-sticking structure to reduce the boundary layer adhesion resistance of the matrix slurry on the crushing wall surface.

[0019] Preferably, in step S103, acceleration is applied. In the calculation rules, the velocity increment Satisfy the following formula: ,in, The peak loading speed at the end of a single pulse stroke. This is the initial loading speed at the start of the pulse stroke.

[0020] Preferably, the method further includes step S107, in which the crushed mixture is discharged as filling slurry, and the mixture is dehydrated or diluted according to the concentration parameters required by the mine filling ratio.

[0021] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: In the low-energy crushing of mine backfill aggregates, by utilizing the incompressible properties of a high-concentration matrix slurry within a confined space, a high-stress-transmission-efficiency conductive path is constructed between coarse aggregates, altering the attenuation state of the crushing stress wave at the air gap. This allows the mechanical load to act uniformly and continuously on the internal joints of the aggregate through the liquid medium, achieving directional transmission of crushing energy. Secondly, by monitoring the characteristics of the driving power change of the crushing unit and adjusting the matrix slurry feed ratio, a preset rheological state window is maintained within the crushing chamber. The newly generated fine particles are captured and suspended by the high-viscosity matrix slurry, preventing the fine powder from undergoing secondary ineffective grinding between the crushing components. This suppresses over-grinding from the source and makes the product particle size distribution more uniform. Firstly, by utilizing the transient mechanical energy and high-pressure environment generated during aggregate lamination crushing, the active components in the matrix slurry are induced to undergo physical anchoring and in-situ encapsulation before oxidation and passivation of the newly formed surface. This transforms the physical crushing process into a deep coupling process of surface modification and slurry modulation, enhancing the bonding force between the aggregate surface and the cementitious matrix interface. This transforms the aggregate from an inert filler in the slurry into a chemically active reinforcing unit. Furthermore, by utilizing the phase information of the crushing unit operation to synchronously apply controlled dynamic fluid pulses, a transient high-pressure saturation field is constructed during the extrusion stroke. This counteracts the tendency of solid-liquid separation caused by mechanical extrusion, ensuring the slurry maintains stable limiting characteristics under extremely high pressure conditions, eliminating energy transfer dead zones within the crushing chamber, and improving operational stability when processing heterogeneous ores. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the adaptive control logic based on current fluctuation characteristic feedback of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing crushing energy consumption and over-crushing rate under different matrix slurry concentrations according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating the system hardware architecture principle of the crushing and slurry modulation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following embodiments are intended to explain the present invention, and not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] This invention provides a low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregates. The first step is to prepare a matrix slurry with non-Newtonian fluid properties. This matrix slurry is made by mixing mine tailings with water, and the mass concentration of the tailings is within a certain range. to Within a certain range, the matrix slurry is given a yield stress that restricts the free displacement of solid particles, and this yield stress is not less than... This concentration setting is used to construct a non-Newtonian force field within the crushing chamber, using the matrix slurry as a stress transmission component. To determine the mass concentration range of the entire tailings matrix slurry, the system executes a proportioning optimization procedure based on the energy efficiency of laminated crushing. When the mass concentration of the entire tailings is lower than... At this time, the excessively large free volume between particles within the slurry leads to insufficient particle momentum exchange frequency under pulsed load, failing to trigger a high-intensity particle queuing and locking mechanism. This results in the instantaneous modulus of the liquid-phase force transmission medium falling below the critical stress required for coarse aggregate splitting, thus increasing the unit crushing energy consumption. When the total tailings mass concentration exceeds... At this time, the initial apparent viscosity of the slurry surges under normal conditions, generating significant yield resistance. This leads to excessive pumping pressure drop in the feed pipeline and increases ineffective power loss during the no-load stroke of the crushing mechanism. Multiple batches of gradient experiments have verified that the mass concentration at... to Within the specified range, a dynamic balance between shear thickening strength and initial fluidity can be achieved, providing a stable material basis for the construction of non-Newtonian force fields within the crushing chamber.

[0027] The coarse aggregate to be crushed is mixed with the aforementioned matrix slurry to form a solid-liquid coupled crushing medium. During this process, the matrix slurry coats the surface of the coarse aggregate, constructing an in-situ slurry coating layer when new surfaces are generated during crushing. This coating layer isolates the new surfaces from air contact. The crushing medium is then filled into the crushing chamber of the crusher. By filling the gaps between the coarse aggregate particles with the matrix slurry, air gaps within the material bed under dry crushing conditions are eliminated, improving the transmission path of stress waves within the material bed. The crusher applies crushing pressure to the crushing medium with pulse strokes, the loading cycle of which is... to Furthermore, the pressure loading rate increases linearly with time; during the extrusion process, the loading rate of the crushing load... The following relationship must be satisfied: ,in, For loading acceleration, the unit is . ; The increment of loading speed within the pulse stroke, in units of ; The duration of the acceleration phase, in units of The above speed increment The following relationship must be satisfied: ,in, The peak loading rate at the end of a single pulse stroke; The initial loading speed at the start of the pulse stroke is adjusted by regulating the output parameters of the pulse stroke to increase the loading acceleration. When the shear thickening threshold matching the rheological parameters of the matrix slurry is reached, shear thickening is triggered in the matrix slurry between coarse aggregates, causing it to transition from a fluid state to a quasi-solid state, thereby forming a rigid force transmission medium between the coarse aggregates.

[0028] Engineering procedures for determining the shear thickening threshold utilize rotational rheometers to measure the matrix slurry's shear thickening threshold. to Rheological curves within the shear rate range to identify the critical shear rate at which apparent viscosity changes abruptly. Based on the equivalent gap of the material layer in the crushing chamber Establish kinematic mapping relationship, instantaneous shear rate For loading speed and equivalent gap The ratio is set by a hydraulic proportional servo valve to apply pulse pressure acceleration. Single pulse loading time Internal loading speed from Increase to satisfy ,in, The peak loading speed at the end of the pulse stroke. The initial loading speed at the start of the pulse stroke. This is the equivalent gap between the material layers in the crushing chamber. To accelerate the duration of the phase, The critical shear rate of the matrix slurry induces a transition from a fluid state to a quasi-solid state, thereby constructing a liquid-phase force transmission path between coarse aggregates in the program. The aforementioned force transmission medium directionally transmits the pressure load generated by the crusher along the joint surface of the coarse aggregate, causing the coarse aggregate to undergo axial splitting and crushing. At the instant of coarse aggregate crushing, the generated fine particles are captured by the matrix slurry and enter a suspended state, preventing the fine particles from undergoing secondary grinding between the crushing components. The crushing wall surface of the crusher is provided with a micron-level concave-convex anti-sticking structure, which is used to reduce the boundary layer adhesion resistance of the matrix slurry on the crushing wall surface. At the same time, the matrix slurry constructs a lateral constraint environment in the crushing chamber, which restricts the lateral displacement of the coarse aggregate during the crushing process through the internal quasi-static pressure generated by the pressure.

[0029] The system monitors the current fluctuation characteristics of the crusher's drive motor in real time. Specific procedures include extracting the amplitude characteristic value from the current fluctuation characteristics, calculating the apparent viscosity deviation of the crushing medium within the crushing chamber based on the amplitude characteristic value, adjusting the feed ratio of matrix slurry to coarse aggregate based on the deviation between the calculated real-time rheological state value and the preset rheological parameter range, and monitoring the rate of change of the crushing unit's drive power. ,when When the apparent viscosity deviation exceeds a preset deviation threshold, the controller adjusts the feed pump flow rate to correct the solid-liquid volume ratio in the crushing chamber, maintaining the material within the preset rheological parameter range. The dynamic correction procedure for the material rheological state in the crushing chamber is implemented via a current transformer. The sampling period acquires the transient current signal of the drive motor, and the window length is used to collect the transient current signal. A median filter at each sampling point removes random grid noise and extracts the current envelope amplitude. According to the formula Calculate the measured value of apparent viscosity. , For apparent viscosity, The current envelope amplitude, To determine the conversion coefficients for the linear regression model of driving power and viscosity, measured values ​​were used. With target apparent viscosity When the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the adaptive controller adjusts accordingly. Change the operating frequency of the feed pump. This is a feed rate adjustment command. For feedback gain coefficient, To achieve the preset target apparent viscosity, the instantaneous flow rate of the tailings matrix slurry was adjusted to modify the solid-liquid ratio within the crushing chamber, thereby bringing the rheological parameters of the crushing medium back to the preset shear thickening response window.

[0030] Example 1: In the preparation of high-strength granite backfill aggregate, the coarse aggregate to be crushed has high hardness and uneven joint distribution. Due to the air gaps in the material bed within the crushing chamber under dry crushing conditions, mechanical energy is dissipated when passing through the material bed. Furthermore, to obtain the required fine powder content for backfilling, the extrusion frequency is often increased. This results in over-crushing of the crushed product and the production of particles smaller than [a certain size]. The components, along with the newly formed surfaces generated during crushing, oxidize in the air, reducing the interfacial bonding strength between the aggregate and the cementitious matrix; for the above working conditions, according to the aforementioned specific implementation procedure, the total tailings mass concentration is prepared as follows: The matrix slurry, giving it the properties The yield stress will affect the particle size of The granite coarse aggregate and the matrix slurry were mixed in a volume ratio of After mixing, the slurry is filled into the crushing chamber, ensuring that the matrix slurry completely fills the voids between the granite particles. This drives the crushing mechanism to perform pulse loading, with the loading speed increment set. for Acceleration phase duration for The resulting loading acceleration for ,in Satisfy the formula ,in For loading acceleration, the unit is . ; The increment of loading speed within the pulse stroke, in units of ; The duration of the acceleration phase, in units of Under acceleration, the matrix slurry changes from a fluid state to a quasi-solid state. The mechanical load is transmitted to the joint surface of the granite particles through this quasi-solid medium, inducing axial splitting of the aggregate. The fine particles generated by crushing are captured by the surrounding matrix slurry and enter a suspended state, reducing the secondary grinding of fine-grained products by the crushing wall.

[0031] The controller assesses the material condition by monitoring the current fluctuation characteristics of the drive motor. When fluctuations in the hardness of the granite cause the motor current amplitude characteristic value to deviate from the preset range, the controller adjusts the power change rate accordingly. Adjust the feed pump flow rate, among which To drive the power change rate, the matrix slurry concentration is corrected to... To maintain the stability of the shear-thickening phase transition, the matrix slurry concentration and loading acceleration are... The process generates a synergistic effect, simultaneously completing material crushing and slurry preparation within the crushing chamber, ultimately producing a mixture with particle sizes smaller than [missing information]. The component ratio is different from that of traditional processes. Upgraded to And the inhibition is less than The component generation utilizes the stress transmission mechanism of non-Newtonian fluid rheological properties to convert crushing load into directional splitting stress by filling the air gaps inside the material bed, thereby simultaneously improving mechanical energy utilization efficiency and product gradation stability.

[0032] Example 2: To verify the energy efficiency response of this process under different material hardness and slurry concentration gradients, this verification experiment was conducted to quantitatively analyze the effect of shear thickening of the matrix slurry on crushing specific energy consumption and product gradation. The experimental platform used a jaw crusher unit equipped with a pressure sensor and a drive motor, wherein the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor was [missing information]. The range is to The measurement accuracy is This method is used to capture transient pressure fluctuations during pulse loading. The test material selected is based on the Protodyakonov hardness coefficient. exist to The interval contains a mixture of granite and quartzite ore, with an active introduction of a mass fraction of [missing information]. The roadbed waste rock impurities are used to simulate the hardness disturbance noise of an industrial site. In the parameter setting logic, the duration of the acceleration phase of the pulse stroke is... The determination depends on the matching relationship between the response bandwidth of the drive system and the shear rate of the slurry. This is to balance the mechanical impact load on the system with the lower limit of the shear rate required to trigger shear thickening. Set at to The interval is given by the value in this experiment. The experiment involved controlling the initial mass concentration of the tailings matrix slurry by adjusting the feed pump flow rate and recording the electrical energy consumed per unit mass of crushed ore. Energy consumption data from different groups under the same crushing ratio were observed. It was found that when the mass concentration of the tailings was at a certain level... to Within the specified range, the motor current fluctuation characteristics are stable, and the transient force transmission efficiency in the crushing chamber is higher than that of the control group using clean water as the medium.

[0033] Table 1: Comparison of Crushing Performance Data of Different Groups

[0034]

[0035] Analysis of the above data shows that experimental group 1 reduced unit crushing energy consumption by approximately [amount missing] compared to control group 1. This study confirms that the liquid-phase force-transfer medium constructed after the shear-thickening phase transition of the tailings matrix slurry improves the continuity of stress wave transmission and eliminates energy dissipation caused by air gaps. When the mass concentration of the tailings decreases to [a certain value], [the effect is achieved]. At this time, the spatial confinement effect between slurry particles weakens, making it difficult to trigger a high-intensity particle queuing lock-up mechanism under pulsed load, leading to a rebound in energy consumption; while when the total tailings mass concentration increases to At that time, the initial apparent viscosity of the slurry increased, creating a buffer layer effect, which increased the feed pumping power and the shear resistance of the crushing mechanism, confirming... to This provides a window range for optimizing energy efficiency in the process. In the dynamic monitoring stage, the characteristic value of motor current amplitude is extracted as a feedback signal. The table below shows the rheological state mapping process within a single pulse cycle.

[0036] Table 2: Correspondence between rheological parameters and monitoring indicators in the crushing chamber

[0037]

[0038] Based on the above data, with the loading speed during the pulse stroke The linear increase, when achieve Subsequently, the tailings matrix slurry enters the nonlinear thickening region, and the apparent viscosity changes from... surge to The above represents a breakthrough in transient force transmission efficiency. Verify loading acceleration The causal relationship between the slurry particle queuing and locking mechanism is that by controlling the pulse loading gradient to regulate the mechanical strength of the liquid medium, the mixture that is crushed and modulated simultaneously exhibits stable gradation characteristics, which meets the technical requirements of slurry fluidity and aggregate strength for goaf transportation. The reduction of crushing energy consumption and the process synergy of in-situ slurry modulation are achieved.

[0039] Example 3: This example combines Figures 1 to 3 This document describes a low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the control logic flow begins with the real-time current fluctuation signal output by the crusher drive motor, which is transmitted to the A1 feature extraction module to extract the amplitude feature value and sent to the A2 state calculation module. At the same time, the preset parameter model library provides the power viscosity mapping model to the A2 state calculation module. The A2 state calculation module calculates and outputs the apparent viscosity deviation value to the A3 decision control module. The preset parameter model library synchronously inputs the preset deviation threshold to the A3 decision control module. Based on the above input, the A3 decision control module generates a solid-liquid volume ratio correction command and finally sends it to the feed pump actuator.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown in the figure, the left vertical axis represents the unit crushing energy consumption in kWh / t, and the right vertical axis represents the over-crushing rate (in %) for particles smaller than 5μm. The horizontal axis sequentially displays the following groups: Experiment 1 (75.2% total tailings mass concentration), Experiment 2 (77.8% total tailings mass concentration), Control Group 1 (using water as the medium), Control Group 2 (65.4% total tailings mass concentration), and Control Group 3 (82.1% total tailings mass concentration). The corresponding bar charts for each group show the specific numerical distribution of unit crushing energy consumption and over-crushing rate. Figure 3 As shown, the system's hardware architecture includes a central control industrial computer at the top level, which integrates an adaptive control algorithm module, a rheological parameter preset database, and a signal filtering and feature extraction module. The central control industrial computer is connected to the execution unit at the bottom level through a control command / data feedback bus. The left side of the bottom level is the crushing host unit, which is equipped with a main drive motor, current transformer, crusher actuator, and pressure sensor. The right side of the bottom level is the slurry feeding unit, which is equipped with a variable frequency feed pump, flow transformer, and feeding pipeline system.

[0041] Example 4: When the system faces the crushing condition of gneiss with fluctuating hardness, in order to solve the problem of decreased crushing efficiency caused by the mismatch between the initial loading parameters of the crushing mechanism and the rheological properties of the material, the system calibrates the material characteristic parameters under this condition. Specifically, this involves placing the entire tailings matrix slurry in a rotational rheometer with high shear rate measurement capabilities. to Simulate shear impact generated by pulse loading within the shear rate range, and record the critical shear rate corresponding to the viscosity abrupt change point. and its corresponding transient viscosity increment, according to the formula Determine the initial loading acceleration of the crushing mechanism. By controlling the peak loading speed Ensure that the instantaneous shear rate between particles reaches the above-mentioned critical shear rate. and determine the loading acceleration As the input reference for driving the hydraulic system of the crusher, in the conversion coefficient During the calibration process, the system acquires data by continuously changing the pulse loading frequency of the crusher. The group covers drive motor current amplitude from no-load to full-load conditions. Using the transient power data at the corresponding time points, a linear regression operation is performed on the normalized dataset using the least squares method. The slope of the tangent line to the regression curve at the quasi-solid-state phase transition characteristic point is calculated to determine the conversion coefficient. The baseline value is used, and a sliding window length of is introduced into the calculation process. The median filter at each sampling point is used to remove random impulse noise caused by power grid harmonics, ensuring the measured apparent viscosity value. The calculation accuracy meets the requirements for sensing microsecond-level fluctuations in the rheological state inside the crushing chamber.

[0042] During dynamic operation, the system monitors the real-time rheological state of the drive motor. The input data is the transient current signal collected by a current transformer in the main circuit of the crusher drive motor. The measurement accuracy of this current transformer is no less than [specific value missing]. Its sampling period is set to To meet the requirements for pulse waveform restoration, the processing logic normalizes the original current signal to eliminate grid voltage fluctuation interference, utilizing a window length of... The envelope amplitude is extracted using a moving average filter at each sampling point. And according to the mapping formula Calculate the measured apparent viscosity of the material in the crushing chamber. , Apparent viscosity, in units of Its quantitative characterization represents the frictional resistance inside the slurry; The current envelope amplitude is expressed in units of Ω. ; The conversion factor is determined by the power and viscosity regression model established in the above calibration procedure; when the system identifies the current envelope amplitude... When the rate of change exceeds the preset deviation threshold, the adaptive controller initiates a dynamic correction program for the feed ratio. Specific operations include calculating the measured apparent viscosity value. Target apparent viscosity under calibration conditions The difference is used to generate a feed pump flow rate adjustment command. ,in This refers to the flow rate adjustment of the feed pump, in units of... ; The feedback gain coefficient is set to a value of [value to be filled in] in this embodiment. ; Target apparent viscosity, in units of The controller increases the slurry concentration in the crushing chamber by increasing the proportion of tailings in the feed, thereby increasing the loading acceleration. Stable at Furthermore, the mass concentration of the entire tailings matrix slurry was dynamically corrected to... At this time, the force transmission efficiency within the crushing chamber is maintained at The above describes the particle size of the crushed mixture that is larger than [a certain value]. The component content is lower than Furthermore, the energy consumption per unit mass of the entire crushing cycle remains stable at [value missing]. .

[0043] Example 5: In the case of tailings with different particle size distribution characteristics, the system executes a benchmark calibration procedure to maintain the distribution characteristics of the non-Newtonian force field in the crushing chamber. The specific process includes measuring the characteristic particle size of the tailings. Based on specific surface area, the mass concentration of total tailings was scanned under static conditions using a rheological monitoring module. With yield stress The mapping curve was used to establish offline control data describing the slurry flow resistance, and numerical regression was used to determine whether the yield stress was not lower than a certain value. The mass concentration boundary value is determined and set as the initial operating reference for the feed controller. Simultaneously, the initial current of the drive motor is collected when the crusher is unloaded. By continuously varying the discharge port gap of the crushing chamber, the baseline power fluctuation characteristics of mechanical transmission loss are measured, thereby filtering out environmental background interference from affecting the real-time apparent viscosity in the algorithm. The impact of calculations.

[0044] During the continuous operation of the crushing system, in response to the changes in cavity volume caused by crusher wall wear and the drift of sensor zero points, the controller executes a periodic adaptive compensation program, specifically including every interval The reference current envelope amplitude of the drive motor is extracted during the no-load operation cycle. The no-load power consumption increment under the current component wear state is calculated, and the apparent viscosity conversion coefficient is corrected according to the energy conservation relationship. The offset is determined by the feedback gain coefficient of the controller when changes in ambient temperature cause fluctuations in the resistance of the feed pipeline. Make corrections to ensure the generated feed pump flow rate adjustment is accurate. The command can drive the feed pump to perform the expected flow regulation action, so that the slurry concentration inside the crushing chamber is in a closed-loop controlled state, and the gradation index of the crushed mixture is maintained within the preset error range.

[0045] Example 6: Characteristic dimensions of the micron-level uneven anti-adhesion structure on the surface of the crushed wall under conditions where the particle size distribution of tailings fluctuates. A calibration procedure was performed based on the gradation characteristics of the solid particles, and the characteristic particle size of the tailings was obtained using a laser particle size analyzer. The peak and valley depth of the uneven anti-adhesive structure Set to satisfy the relation ,in The peak and valley depths of the anti-adhesive structure are given in units of 1. ; The cumulative percentage of tailings particle size distribution reaches The corresponding particle size, in units of ; This is a dimensionless proportionality coefficient; in this embodiment, it is taken as [value missing]. By matching and setting this parameter, the tailings particles fill the uneven structure on the surface of the crushing wall and form a stationary particle layer. This converts the solid-liquid friction between the crushing wall and the moving slurry into liquid-phase friction within the slurry, thereby reducing the boundary layer resistance power consumption during the crushing process. .

[0046] When the instantaneous mass flow rate of coarse aggregate input to the feeding system Exceeding the maximum processing capacity of the crushing chamber When material accumulates at the inlet of the crushing chamber, the system initiates an online adjustment program. This program determines the density of the material bed by monitoring the harmonic distortion rate in the current fluctuation characteristics of the drive motor. This is the instantaneous mass flow rate of coarse aggregate, in units of... ; The maximum processing capacity of the crushing chamber, in units of When the harmonic distortion rate reaches When the preset threshold is reached, the adaptive controller generates a feed pump flow rate adjustment. The instruction sets the operating frequency of the feed pump to... The rate is reduced until the instantaneous mass flow rate is reduced. Falling back to processing capacity of The loading acceleration of the pulse stroke will be synchronized below. Increase to The system utilizes the shear thickening effect to open up the extrusion section in the material bed, accelerating the splitting and discharge of retained materials within the cavity. The load balance is restored within the time limit, and the particle size of the discharged mixture is smaller than [missing information]. The component mass fraction is stable at to The range.

[0047] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S101: Prepare a matrix slurry with non-Newtonian fluid properties, and mix coarse aggregate into the matrix slurry to form a crushing medium; Step S102: Fill the crushing chamber of the crusher with crushing medium so that the matrix slurry fills the gaps between the coarse aggregates. Step S103: Control the crusher to apply crushing pressure to the crushing medium in pulse strokes, and the loading acceleration of the crushing load during the pulse strokes. Satisfy the formula ,in The increment of loading speed within the pulse stroke. The duration of the acceleration phase; Adjust the output parameters of the pulse stroke to increase the loading acceleration. The shear thickening threshold is reached to match the rheological parameters of the matrix slurry, so that the matrix slurry between coarse aggregates undergoes shear thickening from fluid to quasi-solid state, forming a liquid-phase force transmission medium between the coarse aggregates. Step S104: The pressure load generated by the crusher is directionally transmitted along the joint surface of the coarse aggregate using a liquid phase force transmission medium, causing the coarse aggregate to undergo axial splitting and crushing. Step S105: Monitor the current fluctuation characteristics of the drive motor of the crusher, extract the amplitude characteristic value from the current fluctuation characteristics, and calculate the apparent viscosity deviation of the crushing medium in the crushing chamber based on the amplitude characteristic value. Step S106: When the apparent viscosity deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold, the solid-liquid volume ratio in the crushing chamber is corrected by adjusting the flow rate of the feed pump, and the feeding ratio of matrix slurry to coarse aggregate is adjusted so that the matrix slurry in the crushing chamber is maintained within the preset rheological parameter range.

2. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S101, the yield stress of the matrix slurry is not less than 80 Pa. The matrix slurry is made by mixing mine tailings with water, and the mass concentration of tailings in the matrix slurry is 72% to 78%.

3. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103, the loading cycle of the pulse stroke is 20ms to 50ms, and within a single pulse stroke, the loading rate of the crushing pressure increases linearly with time.

4. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S104, at the instant when the coarse aggregate undergoes axial splitting and crushing, the newly generated fine particles are captured and suspended by the matrix slurry to prevent the newly generated fine particles from undergoing secondary grinding between the crushing components.

5. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S103 also includes using the matrix slurry to construct a lateral constraint environment within the crushing chamber, thereby limiting the lateral displacement of the coarse aggregate during the crushing process through the internal quasi-static pressure generated by the pressure of the matrix slurry.

6. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S101, the surface of the coarse aggregate is coated with matrix slurry to form an in-situ slurry coating layer on the newly formed surface generated by crushing, so as to isolate the newly formed surface from direct contact with air.

7. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103, the crusher's crushing wall surface is provided with a micron-level uneven anti-sticking structure to reduce the boundary layer adhesion resistance of the matrix slurry on the crushing wall surface.

8. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103, acceleration is applied. In the calculation rules, the velocity increment Satisfy the following formula: ,in, The peak loading speed at the end of a single pulse stroke. This is the initial loading speed at the start of the pulse stroke.

9. The low-energy crushing and slurry preparation process for mine backfill aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step S107, in which the crushed mixture is discharged as filling slurry, and the mixture is dehydrated or diluted according to the concentration parameters required by the mine filling ratio.

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