Numerical control tapping machine for cambered surface holes of double-layer vacuum furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing equipment, in particular to a double-layer vacuum furnace cambered surface hole numerical control tapping machine which comprises a mounting frame, a sliding frame, a cutting mechanism and a numerical control system, the sliding frame is in sliding fit with the mounting frame, the cutting mechanism comprises a main body and a cutting head, the main body is arranged on the sliding frame, and the cutting head is arranged at the lower end of the main body; the numerical control system is used for controlling the sliding frame to move vertically. According to the numerical control tapping machine for the cambered surface hole of the double-layer vacuum furnace, the mounting frame, the sliding frame, the cutting mechanism and the numerical control system are matched, the distance from a cutting head to the surface of a cylinder is always kept consistent through the numerical control system, and the stability of plasma arc utilization efficiency and the forming quality of the cambered surface hole are improved; and during cutting of the cutting head, the sliding frame is slightly adjusted in the radial direction to drive the cutting head to deviate, so that the forming position of the position with the small cutting thickness on the cylinder is relatively retracted inwards, finally, the cut cambered surface hole is closer to a circle, and the forming quality is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent manufacturing equipment technology, specifically to a CNC hole-opening machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace. Background Technology

[0002] The vacuum furnace body is a double-layered cylindrical body. Its processing involves first rolling steel plates into two independent cylinders using a rolling machine, and then welding the two cylinders together as a whole. When it is necessary to process arc-shaped holes on the upper end face of the horizontally positioned cylinder, the traditional process generally uses manual drilling. However, manual drilling is slow and inefficient, and the processing quality can vary due to the operator's skill level and fatigue, which brings difficulties to subsequent welding.

[0003] CNC plasma drilling, as a novel drilling technology within intelligent manufacturing equipment systems, has been gradually applied to the machining of curved holes in cylinders. During processing, the plasma cutting device is precisely controlled by a CNC system, using compressed air as the ion gas to form a plasma arc and blow the molten metal away from the cut. Fully automated CNC plasma drilling can be performed directly on cylinders without interruption due to fatigue, and is controlled by the CNC system, allowing drilling to be completed on any curved or irregular surface.

[0004] However, in existing plasma cutting devices, when cutting holes in the arc surface of a cylinder, the holes are not planar. This causes the distance between the plasma nozzle and the cylinder surface to fluctuate vertically as the device rotates above the cylinder and makes a circular cutting motion along the cylinder surface. This constant change in distance alters the exposed length of the plasma arc, thus affecting its utilization efficiency, cutting speed, the arc's blowing force on molten metal, and its cutting ability, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the arc-shaped hole. Furthermore, when cutting the arc surface of a cylinder, the cutting thickness at each point along the cut line varies... Not entirely the same (cutting thickness refers to the thickness that the plasma arc needs to cut off on the cylinder). Specifically, the cutting thickness is relatively small at both ends along the cylinder's axial direction and relatively large at both ends perpendicular to the cylinder's axial direction. The plasma cutting device needs to ensure that it can also complete the cutting at the thicker areas. Therefore, under the premise that the cutting speed of the plasma cutting device is constant, when the plasma cutting device is sufficient to complete the cutting at the thicker areas, the amount of metal melted by the plasma cutting device at the thinner areas will be relatively more, resulting in over-cutting at the thinner areas. The formed area will be relatively outward, making the cutting kerf relatively narrow at the thicker areas and relatively wide at the thinner areas. The cut arc-shaped surface will not present a perfect circle, affecting the cutting quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a CNC hole-opening machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace to solve the problem that when existing cutting devices open holes in cylinders, the distance between the nozzle and the cylinder changes continuously and the arc-shaped hole after cutting does not present a perfect circle, thus affecting the cutting quality.

[0006] The double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped hole CNC drilling machine of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped hole CNC drilling machine is used to process arc-shaped holes on a cylinder arranged in a horizontal direction. It includes a mounting frame, a sliding frame, a cutting mechanism, and a CNC system. The mounting frame is arranged above the cylinder and can rotate around a first reference axis. The first reference axis is vertical and passes through the horizontal center axis of the cylinder. The sliding frame is slidably engaged with the mounting frame. The cutting mechanism includes a main body and a cutting head. The main body is arranged vertically on the sliding frame and can move synchronously with the sliding frame. The cutting head is arranged at the lower end of the main body and has a cutting hole arranged vertically on the cutting head. The CNC system is used to control the up and down movement of the sliding frame. During the process of cutting the cylinder surface by rotating the mounting frame around the first reference axis and driving the main body and the cutting head to rotate through the sliding frame, the CNC system can keep the distance between the cutting head and the cylinder surface consistent. When the cutting head cuts the cylinder surface, the sliding frame can move horizontally towards or away from the first reference axis.

[0007] Furthermore, the mounting bracket is provided with a sliding groove, which is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the sliding bracket is provided with a slide rail for sliding cooperation with the sliding groove.

[0008] Furthermore, a distance sensor is installed on the main body or cutting head. The distance sensor is used to detect the distance between the cutting head and the surface of the cylinder. The distance sensor is electrically connected to the CNC system and driven by the program. When the distance between the cutting head and the surface of the cylinder is greater than or less than a preset value, the distance sensor can drive the sliding frame to slide up and down through the CNC system.

[0009] Furthermore, the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC drilling machine also includes a drive mechanism, which is used to drive the mounting bracket to rotate around the first reference axis.

[0010] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a motor, a crossbeam, and a connecting shaft. The crossbeam includes a first shaft, a second shaft, and a connecting frame. The motor is mounted on an external gantry frame. The first shaft is arranged vertically and fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor, and the motor is controlled to start and stop by a CNC system. The second shaft is arranged horizontally and connected to the first shaft through the connecting frame. The connecting shaft is arranged vertically, and the mounting frame is connected to the second shaft through the connecting shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the connecting frame includes a first latch and a second latch. The first latch is mounted on the first shaft by a first bolt, and the second latch is locked to the first latch by a pin. The second latch is mounted on the second shaft by a second bolt.

[0012] Furthermore, an adjusting nozzle is provided inside the cutting hole of the cutting head, and the adjusting nozzle has a cutting channel. The cutting channel is coaxial with the cutting hole, and an adjusting flow channel is defined between the adjusting nozzle and the cutting head. The adjusting flow channel is coaxial with the cutting channel. An air pump is provided on the mounting frame. The air pump is connected to the adjusting channel through an air pipe, and the air pump is controlled to start and stop by a CNC system.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjusting nozzle includes an adjusting plate and an adjusting nozzle. The adjusting plate is a square plate arranged in the horizontal direction and can move in the horizontal direction. The adjusting nozzle is located at the lower end of the adjusting plate and is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate. The adjusting flow channel is defined by the adjusting nozzle and the cutting head. The adjusting plate has a through hole, and the adjusting nozzle is a cylindrical structure with a channel that connects the upper and lower parts. The cutting channel is defined by the through hole and the channel.

[0014] Furthermore, an adjustment frame is provided on the cutting head. The adjustment frame is a rectangular frame. The adjustment frame is rotatably engaged with the cutting head through an adjustment shaft. The adjustment shaft is located at the upper end of the adjustment plate and is driven by friction with the adjustment plate. The adjustment shaft and the cutting head are connected by a torsion spring. The adjustment frame has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the adjustment frame is set in the horizontal direction, and the adjustment flow channel is coaxial with the cutting channel. In the second state, the adjustment frame is set at an angle relative to the horizontal direction, and the adjustment flow channel is set eccentrically relative to the cutting channel. Initially, the adjustment frame is in the first state.

[0015] Furthermore, the main body of the cutting mechanism can use compressed air as ion gas to form a plasma arc, and the plasma arc can pass through the cutting hole on the cutting head.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped hole CNC drilling machine of this invention, through the combination of a mounting frame, a sliding frame, a cutting mechanism, and a CNC system, achieves dynamic control of the distance between the cutting head and the cylindrical surface during the entire cutting process. This ensures that the distance between the cutting head and the cylindrical surface remains consistent, improving the stability of plasma arc utilization efficiency and the forming quality of the arc-shaped hole. Furthermore, while the cutting head is making circular cuts along the arc surface, the radial fine adjustment of the sliding frame causes the cutting head to deflect, making the forming area at the thinner section of the cylinder relatively inward. Ultimately, this makes the cut arc-shaped hole closer to a circle, further improving the forming quality. Moreover, the entire cutting process is automatically controlled by the CNC system, significantly improving the drilling efficiency and avoiding the problems of low efficiency and inconsistent quality caused by manual operation. This promotes the upgrading of the double-layer vacuum furnace processing procedure towards intelligent manufacturing and standardization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A front view of a cylindrical surface after an arc-shaped hole has been made in the prior art; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 3 A top view of a cylindrical surface with an arc-shaped hole in the prior art; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped CNC hole punching machine of the present invention mounted on a gantry frame. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped CNC hole-opening machine of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped CNC hole-opening machine of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting frame and sliding frame of an embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped CNC drilling machine of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the change in the arc-shaped hole state before and after the sliding frame moves, according to an embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped hole CNC drilling machine of the present invention. Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adjusting rod in another embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC drilling machine of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting rod and the cutting head in another embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC drilling machine of the present invention; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of the structure shown; Figure 13 for Figure 11 Exploded view of the structure shown; Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the state of the adjusting rod on the cylinder when it is in a position with a large cutting thickness, in another embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC punching machine of the present invention; Figure 15This is a diagram showing the state after adjusting the movement of the nozzle in another embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC drilling machine of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, cylinder; 101, low point; 102, high point; 103, cutting seam; 104, curved plate; 200, mounting frame; 210, chute; 300, sliding frame; 310, slide rail; 400, cutting mechanism; 410, main body; 420, cutting head; 500, drive mechanism; 510, motor; 520, cross; 521, first shaft; 522, second shaft; 523, connecting frame; 530, connecting shaft; 540, hoisting bracket; 600, gantry frame; 700, adjusting nozzle; 701, adjusting plate; 702, adjusting nozzle; 710, cutting channel; 720, adjusting flow channel; 730, adjusting frame; 731, adjusting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the prior art, when machining an arc-shaped hole on the upper surface of a horizontally positioned cylinder 100, because the surface of the cylinder 100 is an arc, the cutting thickness at each position of the cutting kerf 103 on the arc surface is not exactly the same after cutting. Specifically, at both ends perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 100, that is, at the lowest point of the arc surface in the vertical direction, the cutting thickness is maximum at 101, which is L1; at both ends perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 100, that is, at the highest point of the arc surface in the vertical direction, the cutting thickness is minimum at 102, which is L2, and L1 is greater than L2. This results in a narrow cutting kerf 103 at the lowest point of the arc surface, and a relatively wide cutting kerf 103 at the highest point of the arc surface, causing the cut arc-shaped hole to not appear circular, affecting the cutting quality.

[0022] An embodiment of the double-layer vacuum furnace arc-shaped CNC hole-opening machine of the present invention, such as... Figures 4 to 9 As shown.

[0023] A CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace is used to process arc-shaped holes on a horizontally positioned cylinder 100. The machine includes a mounting frame 200, a sliding frame 300, a cutting mechanism 400, and a CNC system. The mounting frame 200 is vertically positioned above the cylinder 100 and can rotate around a first reference axis. The first reference axis is vertical and passes through the horizontal central axis of the cylinder 100. The sliding frame 300 is slidably engaged with the mounting frame 200. The cutting mechanism 400 includes a main body 410 and a cutting head 420. The main body 410 is vertically positioned on the sliding frame 300 and fixedly connected to it, allowing the main body 410 to move synchronously with the sliding frame 300. The cutting head 420 is located at the lower end of the main body 410 and has a vertically oriented cutting hole. The CNC system controls the vertical movement of the sliding frame 300. During the process of the mounting frame 200 rotating around the first reference axis, and the sliding frame 300 driving the main body 410 and cutting head 420 to rotate and cut the surface of the cylinder 100, the CNC system ensures that the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100 remains constant. Furthermore, when the cutting head 420 cuts the surface of the cylinder 100, the sliding frame 300 can move horizontally towards or away from the first reference axis. Specifically, when the cutting head 420 cuts the surface of the cylinder 100 and moves from a position with a larger cutting thickness to a position with a smaller cutting thickness, the sliding frame 300 can move horizontally towards the first reference axis; conversely, the sliding frame 300 can move horizontally away from the first reference axis.

[0024] The cutting mechanism 400 uses plasma cutting technology in the prior art for cutting. The main body 410 can use compressed air as ion gas to form a plasma arc. After the plasma arc passes through the cutting hole on the cutting head 420, it will cut the surface of the cylinder 100 and blow away the molten metal to form a cutting slit 103.

[0025] This embodiment utilizes a mounting frame 200, a sliding frame 300, a cutting mechanism 400, and a CNC system. During operation, the CNC system activates the cutting mechanism 400, and a plasma arc is emitted through the cutting hole of the cutting head 420, aligned with the area to be processed on the surface of the cylinder 100, initiating the arc-shaped hole cutting operation. Simultaneously, the mounting frame 200 is driven to rotate uniformly around the first reference axis. The mounting frame 200 rotates around the first reference axis, and through the sliding frame 300, drives the entire cutting mechanism 400 to perform a circular cutting motion along the surface (arc surface) of the cylinder 100, thus machining an arc-shaped hole on the cylinder 100 with the first reference axis as its central axis.

[0026] In the vertical direction, when the cutting head 420 starts cutting from the lowest point 101 of the arc surface, as the mounting bracket 200 rotates continuously around the first reference axis, the cutting head 420 will move closer to the highest point 102 of the arc surface, gradually reducing the distance between the cutting head 420 and the arc surface. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding bracket 300 to gradually move upward relative to the mounting bracket 200. The movement of the sliding bracket 300 will drive the entire cutting mechanism 400 to move, maintaining the distance between the cutting head 420 and the cylinder 10. 0 Surface Spacing; As the cutting head 420 moves from the low point 101 to the high point 102 of the arc surface, with the continued rotation of the mounting frame 200, the cutting head 420 will approach the low point 101 of the arc surface, and the distance between the cutting head 420 and the arc surface will gradually increase. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding frame 300 to gradually move downward relative to the mounting frame 200, and this cycle continues until the cutting is completed. The arc plate 104 on the cylinder 100 is cut off, and an arc-shaped hole is formed on the cylinder 100. The entire cutting process utilizes the CNC system to dynamically control the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100, ensuring that the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100 remains consistent, thus improving the stability of the plasma arc utilization efficiency and the forming quality of the cut cylinder 100.

[0027] While the cutting head 420 is making circular cuts along the arc surface of the cylinder 100, as it moves from the position with the greatest cutting thickness (the lowest point of the arc surface, where the kerf 103 is narrowest) to the position with the least cutting thickness (the highest point of the arc surface, where the kerf 103 is widest), that is, as the CNC system gradually moves the sliding frame 300 upward relative to the mounting frame 200, the sliding frame 300 moves upward while simultaneously moving horizontally towards the side closer to the first reference axis (closer to the center of the arc-shaped hole). This movement of the sliding frame 300 causes the entire cutting mechanism 400 to simultaneously offset radially, causing the cutting head 420 to shift towards the side closer to the arc-shaped plate 104 being cut, increasing the amount of molten metal on the arc-shaped plate 104, and causing the formed area at the position with the smallest cutting thickness on the cylinder 100 to be relatively inward. (See also...) Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the solid line represents the forming of the arc-shaped hole before adjustment, and the dashed line represents the forming of the arc-shaped hole after adjustment. Ultimately, the cut arc-shaped hole is closer to a circle, further improving the forming quality.

[0028] As the cutting head 420 moves from the low point 101 to the high point 102 of the arc surface, with the continued rotation of the mounting bracket 200, the cutting head 420 will approach the low point 101. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding bracket 300 to gradually move downward relative to the mounting bracket 200. The sliding bracket 300 will move downward while simultaneously moving horizontally away from the first reference axis (away from the center of the arc-shaped hole). The movement of the sliding bracket 300 will drive the entire cutting mechanism 400 to simultaneously offset radially, causing the cutting head 420 to offset away from the arc-shaped plate 104 being cut, thus achieving the cutting from the low point 101 to the high point 102 and back to the low point 101 of the arc surface. At this point, half a circle has been cut. Then, the cutting continues according to the above operation until the cutting is completed. Moreover, the entire cutting process is automatically controlled by the CNC system, which greatly improves the hole-opening efficiency and avoids the problems of low efficiency and inconsistent quality caused by manual operation, promoting the upgrading of the double-layer vacuum furnace processing process towards intelligent manufacturing and standardization.

[0029] Furthermore, the mounting bracket 200 is provided with a sliding groove 210, which is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the sliding bracket 300 is provided with a slide rail 310 for sliding cooperation with the sliding groove 210.

[0030] By setting a slide groove 210 that is inclined relative to the vertical direction, when the CNC system drives the sliding frame 300 to move up and down relative to the mounting frame 200, the cutting mechanism 400 will move up and down while also moving in the radial direction of the arc-shaped hole. It should be noted that the inclination of the slide groove 210 is not large, and it is only necessary to ensure that the cutting mechanism 400 can be finely adjusted in the radial direction of the arc-shaped hole.

[0031] A distance sensor is installed on the main body 410 or the cutting head 420, which is not shown in the accompanying drawings of the distance sensor instruction manual. The distance sensor is used to detect the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100. The distance sensor is electrically connected to the CNC system and is driven by program control. When the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100 is greater than or less than a preset value, the distance sensor can drive the sliding frame 300 to slide up and down through the CNC system to keep the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100 consistent.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC drilling machine also includes a drive mechanism 500, which drives the mounting bracket 200 to rotate about a first reference axis.

[0033] The drive mechanism 500 includes a motor 510, a crossbeam 520, and a connecting shaft 530. The crossbeam 520 includes a first shaft 521, a second shaft 522, and a connecting frame 523. The first shaft 521 is vertically oriented and fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor 510, and the motor 510 is controlled by a CNC system to start and stop. The second shaft 522 is horizontally oriented and connected to the first shaft 521 via the connecting frame 523. The connecting shaft 530 is vertically oriented, and the mounting frame 200 is connected to the second shaft 522 via the connecting shaft 530.

[0034] Furthermore, a positioning device is installed on the first axis 521. The positioning device is started and stopped by a remote control button on an external device, and when the positioning device is started, it can emit an infrared crosshair to locate the center of the arc-shaped hole.

[0035] In use, the first axis 521 is positioned above the cylinder 100 and coaxial with the arc-shaped hole to be cut. The direction of the first reference axis is the axial direction of the first axis 521. Then, the positioning device is started by controlling the remote control button of the external device. The positioning device will emit an infrared crosshair onto the surface of the cylinder 100 to locate the center of the arc-shaped hole. Then, the CNC system drives the motor 510 to rotate. The rotation of the motor 510 will drive the crosshair 520 to rotate. The rotation of the crosshair 520 will drive the connecting shaft 530 to rotate, thereby causing the mounting bracket 200 to rotate around the first reference axis.

[0036] The connecting frame 523 includes a first buckle and a second buckle. The first buckle is installed on the first shaft 521 by a first bolt, and the second buckle is locked to the first buckle by a pin. The second buckle is installed on the second shaft 522 by a second bolt.

[0037] Before use, depending on the diameter of the cylinder 100 to be cut, the first latch can be moved up and down relative to the first shaft 521. The movement of the first latch will drive the second shaft 522 to move via the second latch, which in turn will drive the mounting bracket 200, sliding bracket 300, and cutting mechanism 400 to move up and down via the connecting shaft 530, adjusting the distance between the cutting mechanism 400 and the cylinder 100. Furthermore, depending on the diameter of the arc-shaped hole to be cut, the second latch can be slid horizontally relative to the second shaft 522. The movement of the second latch will drive the mounting bracket 200, sliding bracket 300, and cutting mechanism 400 to move horizontally via the connecting shaft 530, adjusting the diameter of the arc-shaped hole cut by the cutting mechanism 400.

[0038] Furthermore, the motor 510 is mounted on the external gantry 600 via the hoisting bracket 540. The hoisting bracket 540 is slidably mounted on the crossbeam of the gantry 600 via the crossbeam wheel, thereby allowing the hoisting bracket 540 to slide along the crossbeam and allowing the entire double-layer vacuum furnace arc hole CNC punching machine to slide on the crossbeam.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, the specific working process is as follows: In use, adjust the position of the mounting bracket 200 on the gantry 600 so that the first axis 521 is above the cylinder 100 and coaxial with the arc-shaped hole to be cut. The direction of the first reference axis is the direction of the axis of the first axis 521. Then, the positioning device is started by controlling the remote control button of the external device. The positioning device will emit an infrared crosshair onto the surface of the cylinder 100 to locate the center of the arc-shaped hole. Then, the cutting mechanism 400 and the motor 510 are started by the CNC system. The plasma arc is emitted through the cutting hole of the cutting head 420, aligned with the position to be processed on the surface of the cylinder 100, and the arc-shaped hole cutting operation begins. The rotation of the motor 510 will drive the crosshair 520 to rotate, and the rotation of the crosshair 520 will drive the connecting shaft 530 to rotate, thereby causing the mounting bracket 200 to rotate around the first reference axis, driving the cutting head 420 to make a circular cutting motion along the surface (arc surface) of the cylinder 100.

[0040] In the vertical direction, when the cutting head 420 starts cutting from the lowest point 101 of the arc surface, as the mounting bracket 200 rotates continuously around the first reference axis, the cutting head 420 will move closer to the highest point 102 of the arc surface, gradually reducing the distance between the cutting head 420 and the arc surface. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding bracket 300 to gradually move upward relative to the mounting bracket 200. The movement of the sliding bracket 300 will drive the entire cutting mechanism 400 to move, maintaining the distance between the cutting head 420 and the cylinder 10. 0 Surface Spacing; As the cutting head 420 moves from the low point 101 to the high point 102 of the arc surface, with the continued rotation of the mounting frame 200, the cutting head 420 will approach the low point 101 of the arc surface, and the distance between the cutting head 420 and the arc surface will gradually increase. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding frame 300 to gradually move downward relative to the mounting frame 200, and this cycle continues until the cutting is completed. The arc plate 104 on the cylinder 100 is cut off, and an arc-shaped hole is formed on the cylinder 100. The entire cutting process utilizes the CNC system to dynamically control the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100, ensuring that the distance between the cutting head 420 and the surface of the cylinder 100 remains consistent, thus improving the stability of the plasma arc utilization efficiency and the forming quality of the cut cylinder 100.

[0041] While the cutting head 420 is making circular cuts along the arc surface of the cylinder 100, as it moves from the position with the greatest cutting thickness (the lowest point of the arc surface, where the kerf 103 is narrowest) to the position with the least cutting thickness (the highest point of the arc surface, where the kerf 103 is widest), that is, as the CNC system gradually moves the sliding frame 300 upward relative to the mounting frame 200, the sliding frame 300 moves upward while simultaneously moving horizontally towards the side closer to the first reference axis (closer to the center of the arc-shaped hole). This movement of the sliding frame 300 causes the entire cutting mechanism 400 to simultaneously offset radially, causing the cutting head 420 to shift towards the side closer to the arc-shaped plate 104 being cut, increasing the amount of molten metal on the arc-shaped plate 104, and causing the formed area at the position with the smallest cutting thickness on the cylinder 100 to be relatively inward. (See also...) Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the solid line represents the forming of the arc-shaped hole before adjustment, and the dashed line represents the forming of the arc-shaped hole after adjustment. Ultimately, the cut arc-shaped hole is closer to a circle, further improving the forming quality.

[0042] As the cutting head 420 moves from the low point 101 to the high point 102 of the arc surface, with the continued rotation of the mounting bracket 200, the cutting head 420 will approach the low point 101. At this time, the CNC system causes the sliding bracket 300 to gradually move downward relative to the mounting bracket 200. The sliding bracket 300 will move downward while simultaneously moving horizontally away from the first reference axis (away from the center of the arc-shaped hole). The movement of the sliding bracket 300 will drive the entire cutting mechanism 400 to synchronously offset radially, causing the cutting head 420 to shift away from the side of the arc-shaped plate 104 being cut, thus achieving the cutting from the low point 101 to the high point 102 and back to the low point 101 of the arc surface. At this point, half a circle has been cut, and the cutting continues in the same manner until the cutting is completed. Moreover, the entire cutting process is automatically controlled by the CNC system, which greatly improves the hole-opening efficiency and avoids the problems of low efficiency and inconsistent quality caused by manual operation, promoting the upgrading of the double-layer vacuum furnace processing process towards intelligent manufacturing and standardization.

[0043] In another possible embodiment, see Figures 10 to 15 As shown.

[0044] An adjusting nozzle 700 is provided inside the cutting hole of the cutting head 420. The adjusting nozzle 700 has a cutting channel 710, which is coaxially arranged with the cutting hole to allow the plasma arc to pass through. An adjusting flow channel 720 is defined between the adjusting nozzle 700 and the cutting head 420, and the adjusting flow channel 720 is coaxial with the cutting channel 710. An air pump is provided on the mounting bracket 200. The air pump is connected to the adjusting channel through an air pipe, and the air pump is controlled to start and stop by a CNC system.

[0045] In the prior art, when plasma arc is used for cutting, the surface of the workpiece will be tilted. Although this tilt range is an acceptable error, in order to improve the cutting quality, this embodiment sets up an adjusting nozzle 700. During use, an air pump is used to send air to the adjusting channel 720 through an air pipe. The airflow will be sent out through the adjusting channel 720. This helps to prevent the flame generated by the plasma arc from spreading at the top of the metal edge, thereby obtaining a more parallel cutting kerf 103.

[0046] Furthermore, the adjusting nozzle 700 includes an adjusting plate 701 and an adjusting nozzle 702. The adjusting plate 701 is a square plate arranged horizontally and is movable in the horizontal direction. The adjusting nozzle 702 is located at the lower end of the adjusting plate 701 and is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 701. The adjusting flow channel 720 is defined by the adjusting nozzle 702 and the cutting head 420. The adjusting plate 701 has a through hole, and the adjusting nozzle 702 is a cylindrical structure with a channel that connects vertically. The cutting channel 710 is defined by the through hole and the channel.

[0047] The cutting head 420 is equipped with an adjusting frame 730, which is rectangular. The adjusting frame 730 is rotatably connected to the cutting head 420 via an adjusting shaft 731. The adjusting shaft 731 is located on the upper end of the adjusting plate 701 and undergoes frictional transmission with the adjusting plate 701, thereby allowing the adjusting plate 701 to move when the adjusting shaft 731 rotates. The adjusting shaft 731 and the cutting head 420 are connected by a torsion spring. The adjusting frame 730 has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the adjusting frame 730 is arranged horizontally, and the adjusting flow channel 720 is coaxial with the cutting channel 710. In the second state, the adjusting frame 730 is inclined relative to the horizontal direction, and the adjusting flow channel 720 is eccentrically arranged relative to the cutting channel 710. Initially, the adjusting frame 730 is in the first state.

[0048] When the cutting head 420 starts cutting from the lowest point 101 of the arc surface, that is, when the cutting head 420 is at the position where the cutting thickness on the surface of the cylinder 100 is the greatest, see [reference needed]. Figure 14 As shown, at this time, the adjusting frame 730 will rotate relative to the cutting head 420 and abut against the surface of the cylinder 100, thereby causing the adjusting frame 730 to be tilted relative to the horizontal direction. The rotation of the adjusting frame 730 will cause the adjusting shaft 731 to rotate, and through the adjusting shaft 731, it will drive the adjusting plate 701 to move horizontally. The movement of the adjusting plate 701 will drive the adjusting nozzle 702 to move synchronously. See also... Figure 15As shown, the movement of the adjusting nozzle 702 changes the distribution of the adjusting channel 720, causing the adjusting channel 720 to no longer be coaxial with the cutting channel 710, thus making the airflow unevenly ejected. At this time, the adjusting frame 730 is in the second state. By setting the moving direction of the adjusting plate 701, when the cutting head 420 cuts a position with a large cutting thickness on the surface of the cylinder 100, the flow rate of the airflow sprayed towards the side of the arc plate 104 is reduced, and the flow rate of the airflow sprayed towards the side of the cylinder 100 is increased. Figure 14 To illustrate, the airflow directed towards the left side of the cutting head 420 increases while the airflow directed towards the right side of the cutting head 420 decreases. This helps to make the cuts parallel while suppressing excessive heating of the cylinder 100 surface and reducing the range of the heat-affected zone.

[0049] As the mounting bracket 200 rotates continuously, when the cutting head 420 moves from the position with the greatest cutting thickness (the lowest point of the arc surface, where the cutting kerf 103 is narrow) to the position with the least cutting thickness (the highest point of the arc surface, where the cutting kerf 103 is wide), the adjusting bracket 730 will reset under the action of the torsion spring. The adjusting bracket 730 returns to its initial state and is set horizontally. At this time, the adjusting channel 720 is coaxial with the cutting channel 710, allowing the airflow to be sprayed out evenly, and the adjusting bracket 730 is in the first state. That is, in this embodiment, the adjusting channel 720 only changes its distribution pattern when the cutting head 420 is at the position with the greatest cutting thickness on the surface of the cylinder 100, which to a certain extent suppresses excessive heating of the surface of the cylinder 100.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace, used for machining arc-shaped holes on a horizontally positioned cylinder, characterized in that: The device includes a mounting frame, a sliding frame, a cutting mechanism, and a CNC system. The mounting frame is positioned above the cylinder and can rotate around a first reference axis. The first reference axis is vertical and passes through the horizontal central axis of the cylinder. The sliding frame is slidably engaged with the mounting frame. The cutting mechanism includes a main body and a cutting head. The main body is vertically positioned on the sliding frame and can move synchronously with the sliding frame. The cutting head is positioned at the lower end of the main body and has a cutting hole arranged vertically on the cutting head. The CNC system controls the up-and-down movement of the sliding frame. During the process of cutting the cylinder surface by rotating the mounting frame around the first reference axis and driving the main body and cutting head to rotate through the sliding frame, the CNC system ensures that the distance between the cutting head and the cylinder surface remains constant. When the cutting head cuts the cylinder surface, the sliding frame can move horizontally towards or away from the first reference axis.

2. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket has a sliding groove that is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the sliding bracket is equipped with a slide rail for sliding cooperation with the sliding groove.

3. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distance sensor is installed on the main body or cutting head. The distance sensor is used to detect the distance between the cutting head and the surface of the cylinder. The distance sensor is electrically connected to the CNC system and is driven by the program. When the distance between the cutting head and the surface of the cylinder is greater than or less than a preset value, the distance sensor can drive the sliding frame to slide up and down through the CNC system.

4. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a drive mechanism for driving the mounting bracket to rotate about a first reference axis.

5. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a motor, a crossbeam, and a connecting shaft. The crossbeam includes a first shaft, a second shaft, and a connecting frame. The motor is mounted on an external gantry. The first shaft is vertically oriented and fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor, and the motor is controlled to start and stop by a CNC system. The second shaft is horizontally oriented and connected to the first shaft through the connecting frame. The connecting shaft is vertically oriented, and the mounting frame is connected to the second shaft through the connecting shaft.

6. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting frame includes a first clip and a second clip. The first clip is installed on the first shaft by a first bolt, and the second clip is locked to the first clip by a pin. The second clip is installed on the second shaft by a second bolt.

7. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjusting nozzle is provided inside the cutting hole of the cutting head. The adjusting nozzle has a cutting channel, which is coaxial with the cutting hole. An adjusting flow channel is defined between the adjusting nozzle and the cutting head, and the adjusting flow channel is coaxial with the cutting channel. An air pump is provided on the mounting frame. The air pump is connected to the adjusting channel through an air pipe, and the air pump is controlled to start and stop by a CNC system.

8. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjusting nozzle includes an adjusting plate and an adjusting nozzle. The adjusting plate is a square plate arranged in the horizontal direction and can move in the horizontal direction. The adjusting nozzle is located at the lower end of the adjusting plate and is fixed to the adjusting plate. The adjusting flow channel is defined by the adjusting nozzle and the cutting head. The adjusting plate has a through hole. The adjusting nozzle is a cylindrical structure with a channel that is connected from top to bottom. The cutting channel is defined by the through hole and the channel.

9. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: An adjustment frame is provided on the cutting head. The adjustment frame is rectangular and rotates with the cutting head via an adjustment shaft. The adjustment shaft is located at the upper end of the adjustment plate and is driven by friction with the adjustment plate. The adjustment shaft and the cutting head are connected by a torsion spring. The adjustment frame has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the adjustment frame is set horizontally, and the adjustment channel is coaxial with the cutting channel. In the second state, the adjustment frame is tilted relative to the horizontal direction, and the adjustment channel is eccentric relative to the cutting channel. Initially, the adjustment frame is in the first state.

10. The CNC drilling machine for arc-shaped holes in a double-layer vacuum furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the cutting mechanism can use compressed air as ion gas to form a plasma arc, and the plasma arc can pass through the cutting hole on the cutting head.

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