Cutter functional texture preparation method and system based on ultrafast laser

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool functional texture preparation method and system based on ultrafast laser, and the method comprises the steps: selecting a picosecond or femtosecond order laser as an energy source, carrying out the beam expansion and collimation of a laser beam, introducing the laser beam into a high-speed galvanometer scanning system, and controlling the precision deflection of the laser beam; positioning a cutter by means of a numerical control multi-axis motion platform, and linking a galvanometer system to scan, burn and write textures according to a preset track; during scanning, laser parameters and Z-axis fine focusing are synchronously regulated and controlled, and the texture precision is controlled; and after scanning, auxiliary atmosphere is introduced, low-energy laser polishing is adopted, and finally the preset texture is formed. Thermal damage is avoided through ultrafast laser cold machining, a linkage platform is matched with a complex curved surface, micron and nano composite texture integrated construction is achieved, texture quality is optimized, the device is matched with various cutter materials, cutter performance is improved, the service life is prolonged, and functionality and body integrity are both considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tool functional texture preparation technology, specifically relating to a tool functional texture preparation method and system based on ultrafast laser. Background Technology

[0002] Constructing functional microtextures on the surface of cutting tools is a key technical means to improve the cutting performance of tools. Microgrooves, micropits and other textures can effectively control the tribological properties of the tool surface, and achieve functions such as friction reduction, anti-adhesion, and oil storage and lubrication. Tools treated with laser surface textures show a significant reduction in cutting force and interfacial friction, a slower tool wear rate and an extended service life.

[0003] However, traditional machining methods suffer from low efficiency, stress damage that can be introduced during machining, leading to tool chipping or material degradation; electrical discharge machining has a significant thermal effect, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the cutting edge; ion beam etching is expensive and has low material removal efficiency; and photolithography-etching is only suitable for planar substrates and is difficult to adapt to the machining requirements of three-dimensional complex curved surfaces.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies cannot balance micro-machining precision and macro-preparation efficiency, cannot achieve integrated construction of micron-nano composite textures, and thermal effects can easily cause coating peeling and performance failure of coated tools. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers, in order to solve the technical defects of existing methods in the processing of functional textures for cutting tools, such as low efficiency, easy damage to cutting tools, significant heat-affected zone, poor adaptability, difficulty in balancing processing accuracy and efficiency, inability to prepare micron-nano composite textures, and easy failure of coated cutting tools.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A first aspect of this application provides a method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers, comprising: A laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds is selected as the energy source. The laser beam output by the laser is sequentially expanded and collimated before being introduced into a high-speed galvanometer scanning system. The high-speed galvanometer scanning system controls the precision deflection of the laser beam. The tool to be machined is positioned by relying on a CNC multi-axis motion platform, and at the same time, the high-speed galvanometer scanning system is driven to adjust the focused spot and scan and ablate the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be machined according to the preset trajectory, so as to engrave the preset micro-texture pattern. During the scanning ablation process, the energy density, pulse repetition frequency, scanning path, and scanning overlap of the laser beam are simultaneously controlled, and Z-axis fine-tuning is performed to control the forming depth and dimensional accuracy of the micro-texture pattern. After the scanning and ablation is completed, an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing position of the target surface area to optimize the material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. After the texture is written, a low energy density laser is used to perform surface polishing treatment on the texture surface to remove processing residues and finally form a preset micro-texture pattern on the tool surface.

[0007] Furthermore, the laser is selected as a femtosecond fiber laser or an ultraviolet picosecond laser; The femtosecond fiber laser has an output wavelength of 1030 nm and a focused spot diameter of tens of micrometers.

[0008] Furthermore, when positioning the cutting tool based on the CNC multi-axis motion platform, the CNC multi-axis motion platform is a five-axis linkage CNC platform, which drives the cutting tool to rotate or tilt synchronously during the processing, so that the laser beam is always focused on the surface to be processed at a preset incident angle.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-speed galvanometer scanning system is driven to adjust the focused spot and perform scanning ablation on the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be processed according to a preset trajectory, so as to etch a preset micro-texture pattern, specifically including: A serpentine fill scan path is used for periodic array textures; For circular pit textures, a spiral scanning or matrix dot matrix scanning path is used. By precisely controlling the interval between adjacent scan lines and the scan overlap, the dimensional accuracy and morphological consistency of the texture structure are ensured.

[0010] Furthermore, the periodic array texture adopts a serpentine filling scanning path. After completing a single-layer scan, the processing depth is controlled by Z-axis fine-tuning focus. Multiple scans are superimposed to form a groove or pit structure of a preset depth. The circular pit texture is achieved using a spiral scanning or matrix dot matrix scanning path. By controlling the scanning line interval and overlap, the consistency of the pit shape and the dimensional accuracy are ensured.

[0011] Furthermore, when an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing location of the target surface area, the inert atmosphere is high-purity nitrogen or argon, which is used to disperse plasma and debris in the processing area and prevent oxidation of the processing surface. The oxidizing atmosphere is oxygen or compressed air, used to improve the laser removal rate of the material.

[0012] Furthermore, when the preset micro-texture pattern is finally formed on the surface of the tool, the micro-texture is a composite structure of micron and nanometer scales; Among them, the size of the micron-scale structure is 1μm to 200μm, and the size of the nano-scale structure is 50nm to 1μm; The composite structure is a micro-pit-nano-wave composite texture or a groove-pit hybrid structure.

[0013] Furthermore, before the predetermined microtexture pattern is finally formed on the tool surface, the process also includes: For coated cutting tools, a process of substrate pre-texturing, coating deposition, and coating surface retexturing can be used, or a low-energy-density laser can be used to directly inscribe micro-texture patterns on the coating surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of using a low-energy-density laser to perform surface polishing specifically includes: Large-spot lasers using defocusing or beam expansion techniques utilize the nonlinear removal effect of femtosecond lasers to remove residual molten material or spatter particles from the machining process.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides a tool functional texture preparation system based on ultrafast laser, comprising: The ultrafast laser emission module is equipped with a laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds to output a laser beam; The beam control module has its input end connected to the laser output end of the ultrafast laser emitting module. The beam control module includes a beam expanding and collimating component and a high-speed galvanometer scanning component. It is used to receive the laser beam output by the ultrafast laser emitting module, perform beam expanding and collimating processes in sequence, and control the high-precision deflection of the laser beam to form a focused spot. The multi-axis motion control module is a five-axis linkage CNC platform. It is connected to the beam control module for precise positioning of the tool to be processed and drives the tool to rotate or tilt synchronously, so that the focused light spot output by the beam control module always acts on the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool at a preset incident angle. The atmosphere control module, with its gas output end facing the tool processing station of the multi-axis motion control module, is used to introduce an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere into the processing position to optimize material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. The polishing module, linked with the ultrafast laser emission module, is used to output a low-energy-density laser to sweep and polish the texture surface after the texture is inscribed, removing residual impurities from the process.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Using picosecond or femtosecond lasers for cold processing effectively avoids heat-affected zones and stress damage, thus protecting the integrity of the tool substrate and coating. The coordinated operation of a high-speed galvanometer scanning system and a CNC multi-axis motion platform precisely adapts to the machining requirements of complex three-dimensional curved surfaces, significantly improving processing efficiency and precision. By synchronously controlling multi-dimensional process parameters such as laser energy density, integrated construction of micron- and nano-composite textures can be achieved. Simultaneously, the introduction of an auxiliary atmosphere and low-energy-density laser surface polishing further optimizes texture edge quality and surface smoothness, and is compatible with various tool materials. Ultimately, this significantly improves the tool's friction reduction, anti-adhesion, and wear resistance, extending tool life and truly achieving a synergistic balance between tool functionality and the integrity of the tool body. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers, provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] To address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background section, this embodiment provides a method and system for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 As shown, in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers is provided, comprising: S101. Select a laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds as an energy source. After the laser beam output by the laser is successively expanded and collimated, it is introduced into a high-speed galvanometer scanning system. The high-speed galvanometer scanning system controls the precision deflection of the laser beam. For example, solid-state lasers or fiber lasers with pulse widths in the picosecond or even femtosecond range are preferred. Specifically, femtosecond fiber lasers with an output wavelength of 1030 nm or ultraviolet picosecond lasers can be selected. Among them, the focused spot diameter of femtosecond fiber lasers is in the tens of micrometers range. Such ultrafast lasers need to have adjustable repetition frequency and suitable single pulse energy. They can avoid heat accumulation during processing by virtue of ultrashort pulse characteristics, and accelerate the material removal rate by increasing the pulse frequency.

[0024] The laser beam output from the selected laser is guided into the beam expander and collimator assembly. This assembly controls the spot size and divergence angle of the laser beam to form a uniform beam with good parallelism. The laser beam after beam expansion and collimation is then introduced into a high-speed galvanometer scanning system. This system drives the rapid oscillation of internal reflecting mirrors to perform high-precision deflection control on the propagation direction of the laser beam, thereby achieving precise positioning and trajectory movement of the focused spot on the tool surface, providing a stable and controllable laser beam output for subsequent scanning ablation processing.

[0025] S102. The CNC multi-axis motion platform is used to position the tool to be processed. At the same time, the high-speed galvanometer scanning system is driven to adjust the focused spot and scan and ablate the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be processed according to the preset trajectory to write the preset micro-texture pattern. For example, the tool to be processed is clamped and fixed on the tooling fixture of the five-axis linkage CNC platform. The coordinates are calibrated and positioned according to the three-dimensional curved surface of the tool. When the tool to be processed is positioned by relying on the CNC multi-axis motion platform, the CNC multi-axis motion platform is a dedicated five-axis linkage CNC platform. During the processing, the tool can be driven to rotate or tilt synchronously to ensure that the laser beam is always focused on the surface to be processed at a preset incident angle.

[0026] After tool positioning is completed, the linkage control program between the CNC platform and the high-speed galvanometer scanning system is started, so that the platform adjusts its posture in real time according to the curved surface contour of the tool, and drives the tool to rotate or tilt synchronously, ensuring that the laser beam is always accurately focused on the target processing area near the cutting edge of the tool at a preset incident angle, thus meeting the texture processing requirements of complex curved surface tools.

[0027] The high-speed galvanometer scanning system is then driven to adjust the focused spot and scan and ablate the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be processed according to the preset trajectory, so as to engrave the preset micro-texture pattern. The specific scanning path strategy needs to be flexibly selected according to the texture type.

[0028] For periodic array textures, a serpentine fill scanning path is adopted. The galvanometer is controlled to perform high-speed scanning in a serpentine fill path. After each single-layer scan is completed, the processing depth is controlled by fine-tuning the Z-axis focus. Multiple scans are superimposed to form a groove or pit structure with a preset depth. This scanning method can achieve uniform coverage of the texture area, avoid missed scans or excessive repeated scans, and ensure the consistency of the depth and dimensional accuracy of the grooves or pits.

[0029] For circular pit textures, a spiral scanning or matrix dot matrix scanning path is used. By precisely controlling the interval between adjacent scan lines and the scan overlap, the dimensional accuracy and morphological consistency of the texture structure are ensured, thus ensuring the consistency of pit morphology and dimensional accuracy.

[0030] The spiral scanning path can expand and ablate layer by layer from the center of the pit to form a smooth-edged circular pit; the matrix dot matrix scanning path is suitable for the rapid processing of a large number of pits, and the precise arrangement of pits can be achieved by setting the dot matrix coordinates.

[0031] Throughout the scanning process, the focused light spot strictly follows the preset texture pattern trajectory to ablate the tool surface. Combined with the dynamic attitude adjustment of the five-axis CNC platform and the high-precision deflection control of the high-speed galvanometer, precise micro-texture engraving is achieved. Whether it is a periodically arrayed groove texture or a discretely distributed circular pit texture, a uniformly sized and regularly shaped texture structure can be formed on the complex curved surface of the tool, laying a solid foundation for subsequent improvement of the tool's friction-reducing and anti-adhesion properties.

[0032] S103. During the scanning ablation process, the energy density, pulse repetition frequency, scanning path and scanning overlap of the laser beam are simultaneously adjusted, and Z-axis fine-tuning is performed to control the forming depth and dimensional accuracy of the micro-texture pattern. For example, during the entire laser scanning ablation process, the energy density, pulse repetition frequency, scanning path, and scanning overlap of the laser beam are adjusted in real time, and combined with Z-axis fine-tuning, so as to achieve precise control over the forming depth and dimensional accuracy of the micro-texture pattern.

[0033] In terms of energy density control, the parameter range needs to be determined according to the material characteristics and texture design dimensions of the tool to be processed. For superhard materials such as cemented carbide, ceramics, and PCD, a higher energy density should be selected to ensure material removal efficiency. For tough materials such as high-speed steel, the energy density should be appropriately reduced to avoid surface melting damage caused by excessive energy.

[0034] Meanwhile, the pulse parameters with adjustable repetition frequency are matched to accelerate the material removal rate by increasing the pulse frequency, ensuring no heat accumulation during cold processing, thus balancing processing efficiency and quality. The control of the scanning path needs to be precisely matched with the texture type. When processing periodic array groove textures, a serpentine filling scanning path is used, while when processing circular pit textures, a spiral scanning or matrix dot scanning path is used. The path mode is switched in real time through a preset program to ensure that the morphology of different types of textures meets the design requirements.

[0035] Controlling the scanning overlap is key to ensuring texture size consistency. The spacing between adjacent scan lines needs to be determined based on the diameter of the focused spot. The overlap is usually controlled within the range of 30% to 50% to avoid texture discontinuity caused by missed scans or excessive energy and material removal caused by excessive overlap.

[0036] Throughout the scanning ablation process, the Z-axis fine-tuning operation must be performed synchronously with the scanning path. After each single-layer scan is completed, the laser focus position is adjusted by a slight displacement of the Z-axis to control the material removal depth of a single scan.

[0037] For deep grooves or pits, a multi-scan overlay method is used to remove material layer by layer to achieve the preset depth. Each layer requires Z-axis fine-tuning to ensure uniform processing depth and prevent uneven texture bottoms. Furthermore, for complex 3D curved surface tools such as helical end mills and drills, the dynamic attitude adjustment of a five-axis CNC platform is used to synchronously control laser parameters and Z-axis focal plane position, ensuring the laser beam is always focused on the machining area of ​​the tool surface at a preset incident angle, guaranteeing consistent texture depth and dimensional accuracy at different locations on the surface.

[0038] Through the coordinated control of the above-mentioned multiple parameters, submicron-level dimensional control error can be achieved, ensuring that the processed micron-level textures (feature size 1μm-200μm) and nano-level textures (feature size 50nm-1μm) meet the design standards. The texture edges are clean and sharp, without obvious heat-affected zones and microcracks, ultimately forming functional micro-nano textures for cutting tools with high dimensional accuracy and good morphological consistency.

[0039] S104. After the scanning and ablation are completed, an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing position of the target surface area to optimize the material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. After the texture is written, a low energy density laser is used to perform surface polishing treatment on the texture surface to remove processing residues and finally form a preset micro-texture pattern on the tool surface.

[0040] For example, immediately after the laser scanning ablation process is completed, the auxiliary atmosphere control system is activated to introduce a preset type of auxiliary gas into the target processing area near the cutting edge of the tool, thereby optimizing material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. When an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing location of the target surface area, the inert atmosphere is high-purity nitrogen or argon, used to disperse plasma and debris in the processing area and prevent oxidation of the processing surface; the oxidizing atmosphere is oxygen or compressed air, used to increase the laser removal rate of the material.

[0041] The type of auxiliary atmosphere needs to be flexibly selected according to the material characteristics of the tool to be processed and the processing requirements. If the object to be processed is a superhard tool material such as cemented carbide, ceramic, or PCD, high-purity nitrogen or argon or other inert gases should be introduced first. These gases can quickly disperse the plasma and debris generated during the processing, avoid oxidation reaction on the processing surface, and also play a role in cooling down, reducing residual heat in the processing area and preventing thermal damage. If it is necessary to further improve the material removal rate, oxygen or compressed air or other oxidizing atmospheres can be introduced. Oxygen can react with the material debris generated by laser ablation and release heat, helping the material to detach from the tool surface.

[0042] During the ventilation process, it is necessary to control the direction and flow rate of the gas injection to ensure that the airflow can accurately cover the processing area, while avoiding deformation of the texture structure due to excessive airflow.

[0043] After the auxiliary atmosphere control process is completed and the temperature of the processing area drops to room temperature, the low energy density laser surface polishing program is started. When using a low energy density laser to perform surface polishing on the textured surface, this specifically includes using a large spot laser with defocusing or beam expansion methods. The nonlinear removal effect of the femtosecond laser is used to remove residual molten material or spatter particles. This process requires the use of the original ultrafast laser equipment. By adjusting the laser parameters, the laser energy density is reduced to less than 30% of the processing process. At the same time, a large spot laser beam is formed by defocusing or beam expansion methods to avoid secondary damage to the formed textured structure.

[0044] During polishing, a high-speed galvanometer scanning system drives a large-spot laser beam to perform a uniform, full-coverage scan of the textured area on the tool surface. Utilizing the nonlinear removal effect of the femtosecond laser, residual molten material, spatter particles, and microburrs from the texture processing are precisely removed. For micron- and nanon-scale composite texture structures, the spot size and scanning speed of the polishing laser must be adjusted regionally according to the distribution area of ​​textures at different scales to ensure that the nanoscale texture areas do not lose structural details due to over-polishing. Throughout the polishing process, the surface roughness changes must be monitored in real time. Laser scanning is immediately stopped when the surface roughness drops to a preset threshold.

[0045] Before the final formation of the preset micro-texture pattern on the tool surface, the process also includes, for coated tools, a substrate pre-texturing process, coating deposition and coating surface retexturing, or directly using a low-energy-density laser to inscribe the micro-texture pattern on the coating surface.

[0046] When a preset micro-texture pattern is finally formed on the surface of the cutting tool, the micro-texture is a composite structure of micron and nanometer scales; wherein, the size of the micron-scale structure is 1μm to 200μm, and the size of the nano-scale structure is 50nm to 1μm; the composite structure is a micro-pit-nano-ripple composite texture or a groove-pit hybrid structure.

[0047] After the above processes, a preset micro-texture pattern is formed on the tool surface. This texture structure features high dimensional accuracy, clean and sharp edges, and a smooth and flat surface, without obvious heat-affected zones or microcracks. For coated tools, this process can effectively prevent coating peeling, ensure the adhesion between the texture and the coating, and ultimately achieve a synergistic enhancement of tool surface functionality and tool body preservation.

[0048] A second aspect of this invention provides a tool functional texture fabrication system based on ultrafast lasers, comprising: The ultrafast laser emission module is equipped with a laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds to output a laser beam; The beam control module has its input end connected to the laser output end of the ultrafast laser emitting module. The beam control module includes a beam expanding and collimating component and a high-speed galvanometer scanning component. It is used to receive the laser beam output by the ultrafast laser emitting module, perform beam expanding and collimating processes in sequence, and control the high-precision deflection of the laser beam to form a focused spot. The multi-axis motion control module is a five-axis linkage CNC platform. It is connected to the beam control module for precise positioning of the tool to be processed and drives the tool to rotate or tilt synchronously, so that the focused light spot output by the beam control module always acts on the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool at a preset incident angle. The atmosphere control module, with its gas output end facing the tool processing station of the multi-axis motion control module, is used to introduce an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere into the processing position to optimize material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. The polishing module, linked with the ultrafast laser emission module, is used to output a low-energy-density laser to sweep and polish the texture surface after the texture is inscribed, removing residual impurities from the process.

[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a functional texture on a tool based on ultrafast laser, characterized in that, include: A laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds is selected as the energy source. The laser beam output by the laser is sequentially expanded and collimated before being introduced into a high-speed galvanometer scanning system. The high-speed galvanometer scanning system controls the precision deflection of the laser beam. The tool to be machined is positioned by relying on a CNC multi-axis motion platform, and at the same time, the high-speed galvanometer scanning system is driven to adjust the focused spot and scan and ablate the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be machined according to the preset trajectory, so as to engrave the preset micro-texture pattern. During the scanning ablation process, the energy density, pulse repetition frequency, scanning path, and scanning overlap of the laser beam are simultaneously controlled, and Z-axis fine-tuning is performed to control the forming depth and dimensional accuracy of the micro-texture pattern. After the scanning and ablation is completed, an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing position of the target surface area to optimize the material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. After the texture is written, a low energy density laser is used to perform surface polishing to remove processing residues and finally form a preset micro-texture pattern on the tool surface.

2. The method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser is selected from femtosecond fiber lasers or ultraviolet picosecond lasers; The femtosecond fiber laser has an output wavelength of 1030 nm and a focused spot diameter of tens of micrometers.

3. The method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers according to claim 1, characterized in that, When positioning the cutting tool on the CNC multi-axis motion platform, the CNC multi-axis motion platform is a five-axis linkage CNC platform. During the processing, the cutting tool is driven to rotate or tilt synchronously so that the laser beam is always focused on the surface to be processed at a preset incident angle.

4. The method for preparing functional textures for cutting tools based on ultrafast lasers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed galvanometer scanning system is driven to adjust the focused spot and perform scanning and ablation on the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool to be processed according to a preset trajectory, so as to engrave a preset micro-texture pattern, specifically including: A serpentine fill scan path is used for periodic array textures; For circular pit textures, a spiral scanning or matrix dot matrix scanning path is used. By precisely controlling the interval between adjacent scan lines and the scan overlap, the dimensional accuracy and morphological consistency of the texture structure are ensured.

5. The ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing method according to claim 4, wherein, The periodic array texture adopts a serpentine filling scanning path. After completing a single-layer scan, the processing depth is controlled by Z-axis fine-tuning focus. Multiple scans are superimposed to form a groove or pit structure of a preset depth. The circular pit texture is achieved using a spiral scanning or matrix dot matrix scanning path. By controlling the scanning line interval and overlap, the consistency of the pit shape and the dimensional accuracy are ensured.

6. The ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing method according to claim 1, wherein, When an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere is introduced into the processing location of the target surface area, the inert atmosphere is high-purity nitrogen or argon, which is used to disperse plasma and debris in the processing area and prevent oxidation of the processing surface. The oxidizing atmosphere is oxygen or compressed air, used to improve the laser removal rate of the material.

7. The ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing method according to claim 1, wherein, When the preset micro-texture pattern is finally formed on the surface of the tool, the micro-texture is a composite structure of micron and nanometer scales; Among them, the size of the micron-scale structure is 1μm to 200μm, and the size of the nano-scale structure is 50nm to 1μm; The composite structure is a micro-pit-nano-wave composite texture or a groove-pit hybrid structure.

8. The ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing method according to claim 1, wherein, Before the final formation of the preset microtexture pattern on the tool surface, the method further includes: For coated cutting tools, a process of substrate pre-texturing, coating deposition, and coating surface retexturing can be used, or a low-energy-density laser can be used to directly inscribe micro-texture patterns on the coating surface.

9. The ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing method according to claim 1, wherein, The process of using a low-energy-density laser to perform surface polishing specifically includes: Large-spot lasers using defocusing or beam expansion techniques utilize the nonlinear removal effect of femtosecond lasers to remove residual molten material or spatter particles from the machining process.

10. An ultrafast laser based tool functional texturing system, characterized in that, include: The ultrafast laser emission module is equipped with a laser with a pulse width on the order of picoseconds or femtoseconds to output a laser beam; The beam control module has its input end connected to the laser output end of the ultrafast laser emission module. The beam control module includes a beam expander and collimator component and a high-speed galvanometer scanning component. It is used to receive the laser beam output by the ultrafast laser emission module, perform beam expansion and collimation processing in sequence, and control the high-precision deflection of the laser beam to form a focused spot. The multi-axis motion control module is a five-axis linkage CNC platform. It is connected to the beam control module for precise positioning of the tool to be processed and drives the tool to rotate or tilt synchronously, so that the focused light spot output by the beam control module always acts on the target surface area near the cutting edge of the tool at a preset incident angle. The atmosphere control module, with its gas output end facing the tool processing station of the multi-axis motion control module, is used to introduce an inert or oxidizing auxiliary atmosphere into the processing position to optimize material removal efficiency and texture edge quality. The polishing module, linked with the ultrafast laser emission module, is used to output a low-energy-density laser to sweep and polish the texture surface after the texture is inscribed, removing residual impurities from the process.

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