Aero-engine blade tenon and journal processing clamp

Abstract

The application discloses an aero-engine blade tenon and journal machining clamp and belongs to the technical field of aero-engine power machining. The clamp comprises a bottom plate, a mounting block, a limiting block and a reference conversion block. The mounting block is provided with a first V-shaped positioning block, a ball head positioning pin and a first blade body positioning block. The reference conversion block is provided with a sliding groove, a positioning groove and a jacking screw. The sliding groove is internally assembled with a second V-shaped positioning block. The positioning groove is internally provided with a second blade body positioning block. The clamp is also provided with a blade supporting mechanism. The original machining reference is converted to the reference conversion block through the cooperative positioning of multiple positioning components. The high-temperature pouring is not needed, the problem of coarse aluminum alloy blade crystals is avoided, the reference conversion precision and controllability are improved, the process is simplified, the efficiency is improved, the blade machining deformation is effectively inhibited, the clamp is suitable for tenon and journal thread mounting type blades, has high universality and guarantees the machining quality consistency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aerospace power processing technology, and in particular relates to a jig for processing aero-engine blade tenons and journals. Background Technology

[0002] Aircraft engine compressor blades are one of the core components of an engine, consisting of two parts: the blade root mounting end and the blade body. The blade body is a thin-walled structure composed of free-form surfaces of the blade head, blade back, leading edge, and trailing edge. Its surface shape and precision directly affect the performance of the aircraft engine. The mounting end typically uses threaded locating pins and dovetail or fir-tree tenon structures to install within annular grooves on the engine compressor disk or turbine disk. The machining accuracy of the tenons and shaft ends directly affects the assembly accuracy of the blade. Machining the blade tenons and shaft ends requires locating the blade body's reference points and clamping the blade body. To achieve precise positioning and provide sufficient clamping force to ensure fixture rigidity, casting fixtures made of low-melting-point alloys are widely used. This method ensures positioning stability and fixture rigidity, and clamping and aligning the alloy locating block reference during machining provides a certain level of efficiency; however, it requires additional alloy casting, solidification, and melting processes, reducing efficiency. More importantly, the high melting temperature of aluminum alloy blades can cause coarse crystals within the blade material, leading to a decline in blade performance. Therefore, the casting fixture solution cannot be applied to the tenon machining process of aluminum alloy blades. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a machining fixture for the tenons and journals of aero-engine blades. By installing a reference block with a positioning and clamping mechanism at the blade tip, the machining reference for the tenons and journals is converted to the reference block. Combined with the blade support mechanism, high rigidity, high precision, and low deformation machining of aluminum alloy blade tenons and journals can be achieved without high-temperature casting.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals, comprising:

[0005] A base plate, wherein a mounting block is fixed on one side of the base plate and a limiting block coaxial with the mounting block is provided on the other side;

[0006] The mounting block is provided with a first V-shaped positioning block, a ball-head positioning pin and a first blade positioning block. A positioning block spring is provided between the first V-shaped positioning block and the mounting block. The ball-head positioning pin is positioned toward the first V-shaped positioning block. The first blade positioning block is provided with a profile positioning structure containing positioning points.

[0007] The limiting block is provided with a reference conversion block, the reference conversion block is provided with a sliding groove and a positioning groove, the sliding groove is provided with a second V-shaped positioning block and a first fixing block with a first clamping screw, and the positioning groove is provided with a second blade positioning block and a second fixing block with a second clamping screw.

[0008] The reference conversion block is provided with a tightening screw arranged along the X direction;

[0009] The blade is positioned by the coordinated positioning of the first V-shaped positioning block, the ball-head positioning pin, the first blade positioning block, the second V-shaped positioning block, and the second blade positioning block, thereby realizing the conversion of the original positioning reference of the blade to the reference conversion block.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting block has a keyway extending outward along the X direction and close to the outer edge of the base plate. A stop block is provided in the keyway. The first V-shaped positioning block is installed in the limiting space formed by the keyway and the stop block and can slide along the keyway.

[0011] Furthermore, the stop block is fitted into the side wall of the keyway by screws and fixing pins, and a gap is left between the stop block and the inner wall of the keyway.

[0012] Furthermore, a first positioning block is fixedly provided on the top of the mounting block, and the ball-head positioning pin is installed on the first positioning block for engaging with the positioning point on the side of the blade edge plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the reference conversion block is a concentric circle structure coaxial with the blade stacking axis, and has a positioning hole extending along the axial direction. The positioning hole cooperates with the pin to restrict the movement of the reference conversion block along the axial direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the second V-shaped positioning block can slide along the extension direction of the slide groove, the slide groove is provided with a top column support pin, the second V-shaped positioning block is provided with a long strip-shaped limiting groove, and the top column support pin is embedded in the long strip-shaped limiting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning block spring abuts against the top column support pin and the second V-shaped positioning block, the second V-shaped positioning block is provided with a self-locking inclined groove, and the reference conversion block is provided with a V-shaped block clamping screw that cooperates with the self-locking inclined groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the second fixing block is provided with a pressure block, the top of the pressure block is provided with a T-shaped groove, and the bottom of the second clamping screw is a T-shaped structure adapted to the T-shaped groove and embedded in the T-shaped groove.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a blade support mechanism, which includes a first floating reinforcing beam and a second floating reinforcing beam, one end of which is fixed to the reference conversion block, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to each other.

[0018] The inner wall of the fixed connection end of the first floating reinforcing beam and the second floating reinforcing beam is provided with a sliding groove. The sliding groove is provided with a blade back pressing block and a blade basin pressing block respectively. A second spring is provided between the blade back pressing block and the bottom of the sliding groove. The pressing contact surface of the blade back pressing block is a cylindrical surface.

[0019] Furthermore, the first blade positioning block is provided with a hinge pressure plate at its top. One end of the hinge pressure plate is hinged to the base plate by a cylindrical pin, and the other end is engaged with a hinge bolt hinged to the hinge mounting seat. The hinge pressure plate is provided with a blade clamping block.

[0020] The tightening torque of the first clamping screw, the nut of the hinge bolt, and the second clamping screw shall not exceed [amount missing]. ;

[0021] The reference conversion block is provided with positioning references A, B, and C. The parallelism tolerance between positioning reference C and the long side reference of the fixture is 0.02 mm.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention include: This invention fills the technological gap where aluminum-based materials cannot undergo processing datum conversion using alloy casting processes due to crystal structure changes caused by high temperatures, thus overcoming the process limitations of datum conversion for aluminum-based blade parts; the mechanical positioning and clamping method converts the blade processing datum to a datum conversion block, resulting in significantly higher datum conversion accuracy than the casting box solution, and the actual deviation of the datum can be quantitatively measured using a dial indicator, greatly improving the accuracy and controllability of the datum conversion; the datum surface roughness of the datum conversion block is superior to that of naturally solidified casting blocks, effectively improving the alignment accuracy and positioning reliability of subsequent processing, ensuring the consistency of part processing quality; compared to the casting datum conversion solution, this invention eliminates the need for casting... By eliminating two processes, the process flow is simplified, and the processing efficiency is significantly improved. Compared with the solution of directly clamping the blade body with a fixture to process the tenons and blade roots, this invention separates the fixture from the blade processing process. The reference conversion can be completed through external clamping, which effectively reduces equipment downtime and improves equipment utilization. Compared with the accompanying fixture solution that is only applicable to milling blade tenons in machining centers, this invention addresses the need for multiple processes such as turning the outer circle, turning the thread, milling the groove, and processing the rim plate at the blade journal. It designs a circular reference conversion block that can be used in multiple processes. It is applicable to both tenon-mounted blades and journal thread-mounted blades, which greatly expands the application range of the process solution and has stronger versatility and applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a top view of the jig for machining the tenons and journals of the aero-engine blades according to this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a view from direction A of the machining fixture for the aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to this embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a view from direction B of the machining fixture for the aero-engine blade tenons and journals in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the machining fixture for the tenon teeth and journals of the aero-engine blades in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the ball-head locating pin and the first locating block in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second blade positioning block, the second fixing block stage, and the floating support in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reference established by the reference conversion block in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 8 These are schematic diagrams of the first and second floating reinforcing beams in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reference conversion block slide and positioning groove in this embodiment; wherein, (a) is a bottom view of the reference conversion block, and (b) is a side view of the reference conversion block;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the reference conversion block in this embodiment.

[0034] In the diagram, 1. Base plate; 2. Mounting block; 3. Stop block; 4. First V-shaped positioning block; 5. First positioning block; 6. Ball head positioning pin; 7. First blade positioning block; 8. Blade clamping block; 9. Hinge mounting base; 10. Hinge bolt; 11. Hinge pressure plate; 12. Nut; 13. Cylindrical pin; 14. Limiting block; 15. Reference conversion block; 16. V-shaped block clamping screw; 17. Positioning block spring; 18. Second V-shaped positioning block; 19. Fixing clamping block; 20. First fixing block; 21. First clamping... 21. Tightening screw; 22. Mounting plate; 23. Top tightening screw; 24. Second blade positioning block; 25. Pressure block; 26. Second fixing block; 27. Second clamping screw; 28. First floating support; 29. ​​Third clamping screw; 30. Second floating support; 31. Fourth clamping screw; 32. First floating reinforcing beam; 33. Second floating reinforcing beam; 35. Blade back clamping block; 36. Blade basin clamping block; 37. Second spring; 38. Screw; 39. Top column support pin; 40. Slide groove; 41. Positioning groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] After precision forging, the blades of an aircraft compressor require the establishment of initial positioning references at the blade body and root journal. The journal of the blade has a cylindrical structure. Based on the cylindrical surface positioning principle, this cylindrical journal can restrict the blade's translational degrees of freedom along the Y-axis (in this field, the X-axis is the blade's length direction during processing; the Y-axis is a direction perpendicular to the X-axis on a horizontal plane; the Z-axis is the plane perpendicular to the X and Y axes), rotational degrees of freedom around the Z-axis (the plane perpendicular to the X and Y axes), and rotational degrees of freedom around the Y-axis. During blade processing, there are positioning points on the upper surface of the blade edge plate, which restrict the blade's translational degrees of freedom along the X-axis (the blade's length direction during processing). The blade body has three positioning points. Based on the geometric principle that three points determine a plane, these three blade body positioning points work together to restrict the blade's rotational degrees of freedom around the X-axis and translational degrees of freedom along the Z-axis. The core objective of this implementation is that when the blade journal is machined, the original initial positioning reference (i.e., positioning point) of the blade will be destroyed due to the machining operation. Therefore, it is necessary to transfer the initial positioning reference to a new reference component to meet the positioning requirements of the blade journal machining process.

[0037] To address the technical challenges in machining blade tenons and journals, this invention provides a machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals, specifically a reference conversion fixture for blade tenon machining. This fixture, by mounting a reference conversion block 15 at the blade tip, synchronously converts the original positioning references of the blade's corresponding tenon and journal positions to the reference conversion block 15. Simultaneously, an integrated positioning and clamping mechanism is constructed on the reference conversion block 15 to ensure reliable fastening between the blade and the reference conversion block 15 while achieving precise blade positioning. Furthermore, a dedicated blade support mechanism is designed to enhance the structural rigidity and stability during the machining of slender blades, effectively suppressing deformation of the thin-walled blade structure caused by machining cutting forces and ensuring machining accuracy.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific structure of this embodiment will be described in detail below to clarify the process of establishing the blade positioning reference. In the B-direction view (e.g.) Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the above, the reference conversion fixture for machining the blade tenons includes a base plate 1, which is used to install and fix various components, providing a stable mounting foundation for the entire fixture. The base plate 1 has a rectangular structure, and a mounting block 2 is fixed on one side. The mounting block 2 is used to support and install various components related to positioning. The mounting block 2 has a keyway on the side facing outward along the X direction and close to the outer edge of the base plate 1. A stop block 3 is provided in the keyway. The stop block 3 is embedded in the side wall of the keyway of the mounting block 2 by screws and fixing pins, and a gap is left between the stop block 3 and the side wall of the keyway of the mounting block 2. The stop block 3 is used to adjust the first... A V-shaped positioning block 4 is used for limiting and fixing to ensure the installation position accuracy of the first V-shaped positioning block 4; the first V-shaped positioning block 4 is installed in the limiting space formed by the keyway of the mounting block 2 and the stop block 3, and the first V-shaped positioning block 4 can slide up and down along the keyway. A positioning block spring 17 is provided between the first V-shaped positioning block 4 and the bottom of the keyway of the mounting block 2. The positioning block spring 17 is used to provide a continuous elastic force to ensure that the first V-shaped positioning block 4 is always in contact with the positioning frustum on the blade root, thereby realizing the limitation of the blade's Y-axis movement freedom, Z-axis rotation freedom and Y-axis rotation freedom.

[0039] It should be noted that the positioning frustum is a necessary positioning structure for blade processing. It is a pre-set positioning feature for the blade to be processed. In this embodiment, the blade to be processed specifically includes positioning frustums at the blade tip and blade root. The positioning limit of the blade tip or blade root is achieved through surface contact, and then the positioning structure at the blade root works together to complete the constraint of the blade's full degrees of freedom, providing a reliable positioning basis for reference conversion.

[0040] like Figures 4-5The mounting block 2 is also fixedly provided with a first positioning block 5 on its top; the first positioning block 5 is used to position and install the ball-head positioning pin 6. The ball-head positioning pin 6 adopts a ball-head structure design and is set towards the first V-shaped positioning block 4. The surface of the ball-head positioning pin 6 is in close contact with the positioning point on the side of the blade edge plate. The contact and cooperation between the ball-head positioning pin 6 and the positioning point restricts the blade's degree of freedom of movement in the X direction; Figure 4 As shown, the first blade positioning block 7 is fixedly installed on the side of the mounting block 2 near the center of the base plate 1. The first blade positioning block 7 has a profile positioning structure, which includes positioning points. The positioning points work together with the positioning points on the second blade positioning block 24 to achieve the positioning of the blade body, thereby restricting the blade's rotational freedom around the X direction and its translational freedom along the Z direction.

[0041] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown, a limiting block 14 is provided on the other side of the base plate 1. The limiting block 14 is coaxially arranged with the mounting block 2, and a reference conversion block 15 is disposed on the top of the limiting block 14. The limiting block 14 adopts a V-shaped block structure, and its core function is to pre-position the reference conversion block 15 to ensure that the initial installation position of the reference conversion block 15 meets the design reference requirements. In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism of the reference conversion block 15 is specifically as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown: In the view from direction A, the reference conversion block 15 is constructed as a concentric circle structure coaxial with the blade's overlapping axis, and a positioning hole extending along the X direction (i.e., the axial direction of the concentric circle structure) is provided on the reference conversion block 15. Through the cooperation of the positioning hole and the pin, the precision control of the reference positioning dimension between the reference conversion block 15 and the blade is achieved. It should be noted that the positioning hole and the pin are conventional positioning structures, and their cooperation with the pin is used to limit the movement of the reference conversion block 15 in the X direction. The specific location of the holes is limited to achieving this limiting function; for example, they can be located on the end face of the reference conversion block 15 along the X direction. Meanwhile, as... Figure 7 As shown, the reference conversion block 15 is also equipped with positioning reference A, positioning reference B, and positioning reference C. Positioning references A, B, and C are used for alignment during the blade journal machining process. Figure 9 (a), (b) and Figure 10As shown, a groove 40 is provided on the side wall of the reference conversion block 15. The second V-shaped positioning block 18 is assembled in the groove 40 and can slide along the extension direction of the groove 40. The groove 40 provides a sliding guide reference for the second V-shaped positioning block 18. In some specific embodiments, a positioning block spring 17 and a top column support pin 39 are also assembled in the groove 40, wherein the top column support pin 39 is fixedly embedded in the groove wall of the groove 40; a long strip-shaped limiting groove is provided in the middle of the second V-shaped positioning block 18, and the top column support pin 39 is adapted to be embedded in the long strip-shaped limiting groove to limit the movement trajectory of the second V-shaped positioning block 18 and ensure that it can only slide back and forth along the extension direction of the long strip-shaped limiting groove. The positioning block spring 17 abuts against the top column support pin 39 and the second V-shaped positioning block 18, providing continuous elastic support force to the second V-shaped positioning block 18. This ensures that the second V-shaped positioning block 18 is always in close contact with the blade tip positioning frustum, thereby guaranteeing the dimensional accuracy of the blade and the reference conversion block 15 in the Y direction, the Z direction, and the angular accuracy in the Y direction. Furthermore, the side wall of the second V-shaped positioning block 18 is provided with a self-locking groove. The reference conversion block 15 is equipped with a V-shaped block clamping screw 16, and the slide groove 40 has a self-locking structure adapted to the self-locking groove and a limiting screw hole that mates with the V-shaped block clamping screw 16. After the blade is positioned, the V-shaped block clamping screw 16 is tightened, causing the V-shaped block clamping screw 16 to engage with the self-locking groove of the second V-shaped positioning block 18, thus achieving self-locking fixation of the second V-shaped positioning block 18.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 10 The reference conversion block 15 also has a first fixing block 20 inside the groove 40; the first fixing block 20 is fixed inside the groove 40 of the reference conversion block 15 by screws; as Figure 10 The first fixing block 20 has a threaded hole at its center in the vertical direction. The first clamping screw 21 passes through the first fixing block 20. The first fixing block 20 is fixed to the reference conversion block 15 by screws. By turning the first clamping screw 21, the fixing clamping block 19 at the bottom of the first fixing block 20 can be pushed to move along the slide groove towards the blade tip, thereby achieving the clamping and fixing of the blade tip positioning frustum.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the reference conversion block 15 has a positioning groove 41 that penetrates the side wall, and a blade limiting hole is provided on the side near the first blade positioning block 7. The blade limiting hole is connected to the positioning groove 41 and penetrates the reference conversion block 15. The second blade positioning block 24 is installed in the positioning groove 41 of the reference conversion block 15, and is positioned by a positioning pin passing through the positioning hole. The second blade positioning block 24 is fastened with screws. The second blade positioning block 24 can work together with the first blade positioning block 7 to restrict the rotational freedom of the blade around the X direction and the movement freedom along the Z direction, while ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the blade and the reference conversion block 15 in the Z-direction movement direction and angular direction. A second fixing block 26 is also provided at the inner top of the positioning groove 41. The second fixing block 26 is installed in the positioning groove 41 of the reference conversion block 15 and fixed by screws. The vertical center of the second fixing block 26 has a threaded hole, and the second clamping screw 27 passes through the threaded hole of the second fixing block 26. The threaded hole is used to provide clamping force for tightening the second clamping screw 27. The second fixing block 26 is fixed to the reference conversion block 15 by screws. The bottom of the second fixing block 26 is provided with a pressure block 25, and the top of the pressure block 25 has a T-shaped groove. The bottom of the second clamping screw 27 is a T-shaped structure that matches the T-shaped groove and is embedded in the T-shaped groove. By tightening the second clamping screw 27, the pressure block 25 at the bottom of the second fixing block 26 can be pushed to move along the slide groove towards the blade direction, so as to cooperate with the second blade positioning block 24 to limit the blade.

[0044] Furthermore, the mounting plate 22 is fixed to the bottom surface of the reference conversion block 15 by screws. A screw hole is provided in the middle of the mounting plate 22, and the tightening screw 23 passes through the screw hole along the X direction. The tightening screw 23 is tightened until it contacts the blade tip. The X-direction reference is established by contacting the blade edge plate positioning point with the ball head positioning pin 6. Here, the X-direction conversion reference is established by the tightening screw 23, thereby ensuring the positioning dimensional accuracy of the blade in the X direction relative to the reference conversion block 15 and realizing the initial positioning of the blade.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, a hinge plate 11 is provided at the top of the first blade positioning block 7. A cylindrical pin 13 is hinged to one end of the hinge plate 11, and the other end of the cylindrical pin 13 is fixed to the base plate 1 by a nut. A hinge mounting seat 9 is provided at the position corresponding to the other end of the hinge plate 11. A hinge bolt 10 is hinged vertically upward to the hinge mounting seat 9. The hinge bolt 10 extends upward through the hinge plate 11 and is fitted with a nut 12. The junction of the hinge plate 11 and the hinge bolt 10 is an open mounting groove, and the diameter of the nut 12 is larger than the mounting groove. After the initial positioning of the blade is completed, the hinge plate 11 is rotated around the cylindrical pin 13 of the hinge bolt to a position above the blade body, so that the blade body clamping block 8 is pressed against the blade body. Then, the hinge bolt 10, which rotates around the hinge mounting base 9, is engaged and inserted into the mounting groove of the hinge plate 11. The hinge plate 11 is then clamped and fixed by tightening the nut 12. After the blade is secured to the reference component by the hinge plate 11, the second clamping screw 27 is turned to push the clamping block 25 towards the blade, pressing the blade against the second blade body positioning block 24, thus completing the final positioning. The blade is fully positioned and fixed to the reference conversion block 15. To increase the stability of the blade's positioning on the reference conversion block 15, a first floating support 28 and a second floating support 30 are respectively provided at the air inlet and air outlet edges of the blade. The first floating support 28 and the second floating support 30 can slide in the positioning groove. After the floating support is pushed to contact the air inlet and air outlet edges of the blade, the self-locking pressing surface of the floating support is pressed by tightening the third clamping screw 29 and the fourth clamping screw 31, thereby realizing the self-locking fixation of the first floating support 28 and the second floating support 30.

[0046] After positioning and fixing the blade on the reference conversion block 15, manually loosen the nut 12 on the hinge plate 11, and remove the blade along with the reference conversion block 15 from the fixture body. At this time, the blade and the reference conversion block 15 maintain a stable positioning and fastening relationship. Figure 7 When machining the blade journal, turning is used. The datum circle A of the datum conversion block 15 is clamped and aligned using a three-jaw chuck. The blade journal is then clamped with a center, and the tool is set using the height datum B of the datum conversion block 15. The journal machining operation is then carried out. When machining the blade tenon, milling and grinding are used. In addition to aligning the datum circle A and the height datum B, the angular datum C also needs to be aligned. After the blade is fully aligned and the tool is set, the tenon is machined.

[0047] In some specific implementations, because the blade structure exhibits a gradual thinning of the wall thickness from the blade root to the blade tip, when the blade length is long, the thin-walled structure at the blade tip will bear a large torque during processing, easily leading to torsional deformation of the blade and affecting the blade processing quality. Therefore, as... Figure 8As shown, this embodiment further includes a blade support mechanism composed of a first floating reinforcing beam 32 and a second floating reinforcing beam 33. One end of both the first floating reinforcing beam 32 and the second floating reinforcing beam 33 is fastened to a designated mounting surface of the reference conversion block 15 by screws, and the other ends of both, away from the reference conversion block 15, are detachably fixedly connected by screws to form a closed support frame structure. Sliding grooves extending along the blade length direction are provided on the inner sidewalls of the first floating reinforcing beam 32 and the second floating reinforcing beam 33, respectively. A blade back clamping block 35 and a blade base clamping block 36 are respectively fitted into the sliding grooves, and both the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade base clamping block 36 can slide back and forth along the extension direction of the corresponding sliding groove to adapt to blades with different profiles. A second spring 37 is fitted between the bottom end face of the blade back clamping block 35 and the bottom of the sliding groove. The second spring 37 is in a pre-compressed state and is used to provide a continuous elastic clamping force to the blade back clamping block 35 to ensure that the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade basin clamping block 36 are always in close contact with the corresponding surfaces of the blade body. After the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade basin clamping block 36 are adjusted to the contact position according to the blade body profile, the first floating reinforcing beam 32 and the second floating reinforcing beam 33 are sequentially inserted through the side walls of the screw 38 and the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade basin clamping block 36 are pressed against the sides to achieve locking and fixing of the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade basin clamping block 36 in the sliding groove. During assembly, the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade base clamping block 36 can adaptively adjust their floating positions based on the elastic force of the second spring 37 and the actual profile dimensions of the blade body. The clamping contact surface between the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade back is designed as a cylindrical structure, forming a line contact fit. This contact form effectively offsets any angular deviations that may occur during clamping, ensuring that the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade back maintain a stable clamping contact state. Compared to traditional surface contact, the cylindrical line contact design avoids the problem of loose fit caused by blade profile errors; compared to point contact, it disperses the clamping force, reduces local contact pressure, and effectively avoids pressure marks or damage to the blade surface of softer materials such as aluminum alloy. Once the blade is fully clamped in a floating manner, the cutting force generated during the machining process can be transmitted sequentially through the blade body to the blade back clamping block 35 and the blade base clamping block 36, and then to the first floating reinforcing beam 32 and the second floating reinforcing beam 33. Finally, it is dispersed and released through the reference conversion block 15, thereby avoiding the thin-walled structure of the blade from directly bearing the cutting force, significantly suppressing the torsional deformation during the blade machining process, and ensuring the machining accuracy and quality stability of the blade.

[0048] The specific usage process of the fixture described in this embodiment is as follows: First, open the hinge pressure plate 11, assemble the blade onto the fixture, assemble the blade journal onto the first V-shaped positioning block 4, assemble the blade tip positioning frustum onto the second V-shaped positioning block 18, and tighten the first clamping screw 21 (tightening torque not greater than 2.8 N·m). After the first V-shaped positioning block 4 is subjected to force, it slides downward along the keyway of the mounting block 2 until the blade body contacts the first blade body positioning block 7, the second blade body positioning block 24, and the ball head positioning pin 6, completing the initial positioning of the blade; Second, operate the hinge pressure plate 11 to rotate around the cylindrical pin 13 to above the blade body, so that the blade body clamping block 8 fits against the blade body. First, tighten the hinge bolt 10 and rotate it around the hinge mounting base 9 into the mounting groove of the hinge pressure plate 11. Then, tighten the nut 12 (tightening torque not greater than 2.8 N·m) to achieve the clamping and fixing of the hinge pressure plate 11. Third, assemble the reference conversion block 15 onto the limiting block 14. Since the blade has completed its initial positioning, the reference conversion block 15 is coaxial with the journal reference, achieving the conversion of reference A. The second blade positioning block 24 inside the reference conversion block 15 completes the conversion of the angular positioning reference C (reference C is parallel to the long side reference of the fixture, with a parallelism tolerance of 0.02 mm). Reference B is the end face of the reference conversion block 15, and its conversion value can be measured by dial indicator. The difference between the end faces of the limiting block 14 is obtained; the fourth step is to tighten the second clamping screw 27 on the second fixing block 26 (tightening torque not greater than 2.8 N·m), push the pressure block 25 to press the blade body, lightly turn the top tightening screw 23 to prevent the blade from moving axially, and lightly turn the V-shaped block clamping screw 16 to fix the position of the second V-shaped positioning block 18; the fifth step is to push the first floating support 28 and the second floating support 30 so that their support surfaces contact the leading and trailing edges of the blade, tighten the third clamping screw 29 and the fourth clamping screw 31 (tightening torque not greater than 1 N·m), and achieve self-locking fixation through the contact between the screws and the self-locking clamping surfaces of the floating supports, ensuring stable support and no damage to the blade. Step 6: Loosen the nut 12 on the hinge plate 11, remove the blade and reference conversion block 15, assemble the first floating reinforcing beam 32 and the second floating reinforcing beam 33 onto the reference conversion block 15, the second spring 37 pops out the blade basin clamping block 36 and the blade back clamping block 35 and makes them in close contact with the blade body, tighten the screw 38 (tightening torque not greater than 2 N·m) to fix the blade body clamping block; Step 7: Assemble the reference conversion block 15 with the blade onto the lathe chuck, use the reference surface of the reference conversion block 15 for alignment and tool setting, complete the machining of the journal and blade tenon teeth, after machining, loosen all clamping screws, the reference conversion block 15 can be reused.

[0049] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A jig for machining the tenon teeth and journals of aero-engine blades, characterized in that, include: The base plate (1) has a mounting block (2) fixed on one side and a limiting block (14) coaxial with the mounting block (2) on the other side. The mounting block (2) is provided with a first V-shaped positioning block (4), a ball head positioning pin (6) and a first blade positioning block (7). A positioning block spring (17) is provided between the first V-shaped positioning block (4) and the mounting block (2). The ball head positioning pin (6) is positioned toward the first V-shaped positioning block (4). The first blade positioning block (7) is provided with a surface positioning structure containing positioning points. The limiting block (14) is provided with a reference conversion block (15), the reference conversion block (15) is provided with a slide groove (40) and a positioning groove (41), the slide groove (40) is provided with a second V-shaped positioning block (18) and a first fixing block (20) with a first clamping screw (21), the positioning groove (41) is provided with a second blade positioning block (24) and a second fixing block (26) with a second clamping screw (27); The second V-shaped positioning block (18) can slide along the extension direction of the slide groove (40). The slide groove (40) is provided with a top column support pin (39). The second V-shaped positioning block (18) is provided with a long strip-shaped limiting groove. The top column support pin (39) is embedded in the long strip-shaped limiting groove. The reference conversion block (15) is provided with a tightening screw (23) arranged in the X direction; The blade is positioned by the first V-shaped positioning block (4), the ball head positioning pin (6), the first blade positioning block (7), the second V-shaped positioning block (18) and the second blade positioning block (24) working together to realize the conversion of the original positioning reference of the blade to the reference conversion block (15); It also includes a blade support mechanism, which includes a first floating reinforcing beam (32) and a second floating reinforcing beam (33), one end of which is fixed to the reference conversion block (15), and the other end is fixedly connected to each other; The inner wall of the fixed connection end of the first floating reinforcing beam (32) and the second floating reinforcing beam (33) is provided with a sliding groove. The sliding groove is provided with a blade back pressing block (35) and a blade basin pressing block (36). A second spring (37) is provided between the blade back pressing block (35) and the bottom of the sliding groove. The pressing contact surface of the blade back pressing block (35) is a cylindrical surface.

2. The machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting block (2) has a keyway on the side facing outward along the X direction and close to the outer edge of the base plate (1). A stop block (3) is provided in the keyway. The first V-shaped positioning block (4) is installed in the limiting space formed by the keyway and the stop block (3) and can slide along the keyway.

3. A machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stop block (3) is fitted into the side wall of the keyway by screws and fixing pins, and there is a gap between the stop block (3) and the inner wall of the keyway.

4. The machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting block (2) is fixedly provided with a first positioning block (5) on its top, and the ball head positioning pin (6) is installed on the first positioning block (5) for cooperating with the positioning point on the side of the blade edge plate.

5. A machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference conversion block (15) is a concentric circle structure coaxial with the blade stacking axis, and has a positioning hole extending along the axial direction. The positioning hole cooperates with the pin to restrict the movement of the reference conversion block (15) along the axial direction.

6. A machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning block spring (17) abuts against the top column support pin (39) and the second V-shaped positioning block (18). The second V-shaped positioning block (18) is provided with a self-locking groove. The reference conversion block (15) is provided with a V-shaped block clamping screw (16) that cooperates with the self-locking groove.

7. A machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second fixing block (26) has a pressure block (25) at the bottom, and a T-shaped groove is provided at the top of the pressure block (25). The bottom of the second clamping screw (27) is a T-shaped structure that is adapted to the T-shaped groove and is embedded in the T-shaped groove.

8. A machining fixture for aero-engine blade tenons and journals according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first blade positioning block (7) has a hinge pressure plate (11) at its top. One end of the hinge pressure plate (11) is hinged to the base plate (1) by a cylindrical pin (13), and the other end is engaged with the hinge bolt (10) hinged to the hinge mounting seat (9). The hinge pressure plate (11) has a blade clamping block (8). The tightening torque of the first clamping screw (21), the nut (12) of the hinge bolt (10), and the second clamping screw (27) is not greater than ; The reference conversion block (15) is provided with positioning references A, B and C. The parallelism tolerance between the positioning reference C and the long side reference of the fixture is 0.02mm.

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