Perforating gun capable of reducing oil-water communication and perforation fracturing process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil field operation, in particular to a perforating gun capable of reducing oil-water communication and a perforating and fracturing technology. The perforating and fracturing technology capable of reducing oil-water communication comprises the steps that the perforating gun capable of reducing oil-water communication is adopted for perforating a shaft; the perforating gun capable of reducing oil-water communication comprises a gun barrel, a gun head connector, a gun tail connector and a repairing mechanism, a perforating bullet is arranged in the gun barrel, and the perforating bullet is used for perforating the side wall of a shaft; the gun head connector and the gun tail connector are connected to the two ends of the gun barrel respectively. The repairing mechanism is used for repairing the peripheral wall of the gun barrel after tapping is finished. In the using process, the gun barrel is firstly placed downwards to the preset depth in a shaft, then the perforating bullet is used for perforating the side wall of the shaft, after perforating is finished, the peripheral wall of the gun barrel is repaired through the repairing mechanism, it is guaranteed that the gun barrel can be smoothly pulled out of the shaft, and the problem that a gun and a drill are stuck due to perforation is avoided; meanwhile, the shutdown condition can be avoided, the oil-water mixing time is shortened, and the oil product quality is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oilfield operations technology, and in particular to a perforation gun and perforation fracturing process for reducing oil-water communication. Background Technology

[0002] A perforating gun is a tool used for perforating oil and gas wells. It is widely used in oil and gas drilling. Its main function is to use a special perforating bullet to penetrate the casing and cement sheath to form a channel in the formation, thereby establishing a passage between the formation and the wellbore.

[0003] There are many types of perforating guns, mainly including shaped charge perforators, bullet perforators, and retrievable perforating guns. Among them, shaped charge perforators use the shaped charge effect to generate a jet to complete the perforation operation, while bullet perforators use gunpowder to launch metal bullets to achieve the purpose. In related technologies, such as Chinese patent CN108518207B, a chip-free sliding sleeve perforating gun is disclosed. When the sliding sleeve perforating gun is lowered into the perforation layer, a detonating detonator is used to detonate the perforating bullet, thereby causing the explosive inside the perforating bullet to explode. The high-pressure gas generated by the detonation of the perforating bullet propels the perforating bullet into the side wall of the well, thus achieving the opening of the hole.

[0004] While the aforementioned non-leaking sliding sleeve perforating gun can achieve communication between the formation and the wellbore, the perforations on the gun are prone to burr formation due to the material of the perforating gun or the explosive combustion of the perforating cartridge. This increases the probability of the perforating gun and drill getting stuck. If this happens, it can lead to repairs lasting several months or even the complete destruction of the wellbore, affecting not only operational efficiency but also economic losses. Furthermore, if this happens, it will prevent operations from being carried out for an extended period, causing water and oil in the formation or wellbore to gradually mix, affecting oil quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a perforating gun and perforation fracturing process that reduces oil-water communication, addressing the problem of gun and drill jamming during current perforation operations.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication includes a barrel, a head connector, a tail connector, and a repair mechanism. A perforating bullet is disposed within the barrel and configured to create a hole in the wellbore sidewall. The head connector and tail connector are detachably and sealingly connected to both ends of the barrel. The repair mechanism is configured to repair the outer peripheral wall of the barrel after the perforation is completed.

[0008] Furthermore, the repair mechanism includes a repair ring and a drive assembly. The repair ring is sleeved on the barrel and is slidable along the barrel axis. It has a first position and a second position before and after sliding. In the first position, the repair ring is close to the head connector or the tail connector. In the second position, the repair ring is away from the head connector or the tail connector. The drive assembly is configured to provide a driving force for the repair ring to switch between the first position and the second position.

[0009] Furthermore, the repair ring is capable of elastically sliding along the barrel axis; the drive assembly includes a rotating shaft, an elastic element, and a traction rope; the rotating shaft is inserted inside the head connector or the tail connector and is capable of rotation; the elastic element is configured to provide a driving force for the elastic sliding of the repair ring; one end of the traction rope is fixedly wound around the rotating shaft and the other end is fixed to the repair ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic element includes a compression spring, which is sleeved on the barrel, with one end disposed on the head connector or the tail connector and the other end disposed on the repair ring. Under the action of the compression spring, the repair ring tends to move away from the pivot.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive assembly also includes a drive element configured to provide a driving force for the rotation of the shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of broken blocks are fixedly disposed on the repair ring, the plurality of broken blocks being arranged at intervals along the circumference and configured to break the stones when the repair ring moves from the first position to the second position.

[0013] Furthermore, the fragment is inclined toward the wall side of the gun barrel.

[0014] Furthermore, when the repair ring is in the first position, the repair ring seals the connection between the barrel and the head connector or the tail connector.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the repair mechanisms is two.

[0016] This invention also provides a perforation fracturing process to reduce oil-water communication, employing a perforation gun to reduce oil-water communication. The perforation fracturing process to reduce oil-water communication includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Obtain data information from the oilfield wellbore;

[0018] S2. Determine the fracturing scheme based on the data information of the oilfield wellbore;

[0019] S3. Determine the specific location and number of injection holes in the oilfield wellbore, and open the injection holes in the oilfield wellbore by lowering the perforating gun that connects oil and water.

[0020] S4. Using the wave principle, inject fracturing fluid into the injection hole in a "small-large-small" curve flow rate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] This invention relates to a perforating gun and a perforation fracturing process for reducing oil-water mixing. The perforation fracturing process for reducing oil-water mixing includes using a perforating gun to open a hole in the wellbore. When opening the hole, the gun barrel is first lowered to a predetermined depth inside the wellbore, and then a perforating bullet is used to open a hole in the side wall of the wellbore. After the hole is opened, a repair mechanism is used to repair the outer peripheral wall of the gun barrel to ensure that the gun barrel can be smoothly pulled out from inside the wellbore, avoiding problems such as the gun getting stuck or the drill getting stuck. At the same time, it can avoid downtime, reduce the time of oil-water mixing, and ensure the quality of oil products.

[0023] Furthermore, by fixing multiple breaking blocks on the repair ring, the stones can be broken by the breaking blocks when the repair ring moves from the first position to the second position, preventing the stones from getting stuck in the barrel. This reduces the resistance to barrel movement and avoids damage to the inner wall of the well. Moreover, by setting multiple breaking blocks at intervals, the liquid can pass through the gaps between adjacent breaking blocks during the movement of the repair ring, which helps to reduce the movement resistance of the liquid on the repair ring.

[0024] Furthermore, by setting the wall surface of the broken pieces to be inclined towards the barrel side, when the repair ring moves from the first position to the second position, the inclined wall surface can both improve the breaking effect on the stone and gradually squeeze the protruding part and burrs of the barrel inward through the inclined wall surface, thus avoiding damage to the barrel caused by direct rigid collision between the broken pieces and the protruding part and burrs of the barrel.

[0025] Furthermore, by setting the repair ring to the first position, the repair ring seals the connection between the barrel and the head or tail connector, thereby forming a secondary seal and further improving the sealing performance between the barrel and the head or tail connector. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a perforation gun with a repair ring for reducing oil-water communication in a first position, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a perforation gun with a repair ring for reducing oil-water communication in a second position, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 5 A front view of a perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional view along the CC direction;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point D in the middle;

[0033] Figure 8 A front view of a perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 8 EE-directed sectional view;

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point F in the middle.

[0036] in:

[0037] 1. Barrel; 101. Blind hole in the barrel; 11. Mounting bracket; 12. Perforated cartridge; 13. Detonating cord;

[0038] 2. Gun head connector; 201. Wire hole;

[0039] 3. Gun tail connector;

[0040] 4. Repair mechanism; 41. Repair ring; 411. Broken block; 412. Rope fixing frame; 42. Compression spring; 43. Traction rope; 44. Rotating shaft; 45. Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0042] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a perforation gun for reducing oil-water communication, used to open holes in oilfield wellbores. The gun includes a barrel 1, a head connector 2, a tail connector 3, and a repair mechanism 4. A perforation projectile 12 is provided inside the barrel 1, and the perforation projectile 12 is configured to open holes in the sidewall of the wellbore. The head connector 2 and the tail connector 3 are detachably and sealed to both ends of the barrel 1. The repair mechanism 4 is configured to repair the outer peripheral wall of the barrel 1 after the opening is completed.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the barrel 1 is a tubular structure, the right end of the head connector 2 is threaded into the left end of the barrel 1, and the left end of the tail connector 3 is threaded into the right end of the barrel 1. To facilitate the placement of the perforating bullet 12, a fixing bracket 11 is coaxially and fixedly inserted inside the barrel 1. The fixing bracket 11 is a cylindrical structure, and a projectile hole is opened on the circumferential side wall of the fixing bracket 11. The perforating bullet 12 is installed inside the projectile hole. A blind hole 101 is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the barrel 1, and the position of the blind hole 101 corresponds to the projectile hole. To facilitate the ignition of the explosive in the perforating bullet 12, a detonating cord 13 is also inserted inside the barrel 1, and the detonating cord 13 is connected to the end of the perforating bullet 12.

[0046] When drilling into the wellbore, the gun barrel 1 is first lowered to a predetermined depth inside the wellbore. Then, the perforating projectile 12 is detonated by the detonating cord 13, causing the explosive inside the perforating projectile 12 to explode. The high-pressure gas generated by the detonation of the explosive in the perforating projectile 12 propels the perforating projectile 12 into the side wall of the wellbore, thus achieving drilling. After drilling is completed, the outer peripheral wall of the gun barrel 1 is repaired by the repair mechanism 4 to ensure that the gun barrel 1 can be smoothly pulled out from inside the wellbore, avoiding problems such as the gun getting stuck or the drill getting stuck. At the same time, it can avoid downtime, reduce the time for oil and water mixing, and ensure the quality of oil products.

[0047] In some embodiments, to improve the production capacity of oil and gas wells, multiple projectile holes are provided and are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the fixing frame 11. The orientations of adjacent projectile holes are staggered by 180 degrees. Correspondingly, the number of perforating projectiles 12 is equal to the number of projectile holes and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of blind holes 101 in the gun wall is equal to the number of perforating projectiles 12 and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The detonating cord 13 is connected to all the perforating projectiles 12 at the same time.

[0048] When in use, each projectile hole can be opened, which helps to increase the connection area between the formation and the wellbore, thereby increasing the production capacity of oil and gas wells.

[0049] In other embodiments, the repair mechanism 4 is configured to include a repair ring 41 and a drive assembly. The repair ring 41 is sleeved on the barrel 1 and can slide along the axial direction of the barrel 1. It has a first position and a second position before and after sliding. When in the first position, the repair ring 41 is close to the head connector 2 or the tail connector 3. When in the second position, the repair ring 41 is away from the head connector 2 or the tail connector 3. The drive assembly is configured to provide a driving force for the repair ring 41 to switch between the first position and the second position.

[0050] Taking the repair ring 41 being positioned close to the gun head connector 2 in the first position as an example, and the second position being positioned close to the gun tail connector 3; after the hole is drilled, the repair ring 41 is driven by the drive assembly to switch back and forth between the first position and the second position. During the movement of the repair ring 41, the repair ring 41 simultaneously squeezes the protruding part and burrs of the gun barrel 1 inward to repair the gun barrel 1.

[0051] In a further embodiment, the repair ring 41 is capable of elastically sliding along the axis of the barrel 1; the drive assembly is configured to include a rotating shaft 44, an elastic element, and a traction rope 43, the rotating shaft 44 being inserted inside the head connector 2 or the tail connector 3 and capable of rotating; the elastic element is configured to provide a driving force for the elastic sliding of the repair ring 41; one end of the traction rope 43 is fixedly wound around the rotating shaft 44 and the other end is fixedly fixed to the repair ring 41.

[0052] Specifically in this embodiment, taking the example where the rotating shaft 44 is inserted into the gun head joint 2 and the repair ring 41 is disposed close to the gun head joint 2 when in the first position, as Figure 7 shown, the axis of the rotating shaft 44 is perpendicularly disposed to the axis of the barrel 1. A wire threading hole 201 is vertically formed in the gun head joint 2. When installed, one end of the towing rope 43 is set to pass through the wire threading hole 201 and is fixedly wound around the rotating shaft 44. To facilitate connecting the towing rope 43, as Figure 2 shown, a "U"-shaped rope fixing frame 412 is perpendicularly disposed on the left end face of the repair ring 41. When installed, the other end of the towing rope 43 is set to be fixedly wound around the rope fixing frame 412.

[0053] Initially, the rotating shaft 44 is in a locked state, and most of the towing rope 43 is wound around the rotating shaft 44. Under the pulling of the towing rope 43, the elastic member is in a state of storing energy. After the perforation is completed, the locked state of the rotating shaft 44 is unlocked. Under the elastic action of the elastic member, the repair ring 41 moves towards the gun tail joint 3 while accelerating, so as to move from the first position to the second position, and simultaneously the towing rope 43 is released from the rotating shaft 44. During the movement of the repair ring 41, the repair ring 41 simultaneously presses the convex part and burrs outside the barrel 1 inward to repair the barrel 1. When the repair ring 41 moves to the second position, it drives the rotating shaft 44 to rotate under an external force, so that the towing rope 43 is wound around the rotating shaft 44 again, and the towing rope 43 simultaneously drives the repair ring 41 to move away from the gun tail joint 3, so as to move from the second position to the first position. By repeating the above process, the repair ring 41 can reciprocally switch between the first position and the second position.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the elastic member is set to include a compression spring 42. The compression spring 42 is sleeved on the barrel 1, and one end is disposed on the gun head joint 2 or the gun tail joint 3, and the other end is disposed on the repair ring 41. Under the action of the compression spring 42, the repair ring 41 has a tendency to move away from the rotating shaft 44.

[0055] Specifically in this embodiment, taking the example where the repair ring 41 is disposed close to the gun head joint 2 when in the first position, as Figure 7 shown, when installed, the compression spring 42 is set to be sleeved on the barrel 1, and one end abuts or is fixedly connected to the gun head joint 2, and the other end abuts or is fixedly connected to the left end face of the repair ring 41. To enable the repair ring 41 to move from the first position to the second position, the original length of the compression spring 42 is set to be greater than the length of the barrel 1.

[0056] In other embodiments, to provide a driving force for the rotation of the rotating shaft 44, the oil-water connected perforating gun is further provided with a driving motor 45.

[0057] In other embodiments, to improve the stability of the repair ring 41 during movement, the driving component is set to include two rotating shafts 44 and two towing ropes 43, as Figure 7 As shown, the axes of the two rotating shafts 44 are located on the same horizontal plane and are arranged at intervals along the axis of the barrel 1; correspondingly, there are two rope fixing brackets 412, which are symmetrically arranged, and there are two wire holes 201, which are symmetrically arranged; when the two traction ropes 43 are installed, one end of the traction rope 43 is fixedly wrapped around the rotating shaft 44 located on the right side, and the other end passes through the wire hole 201 located on the upper side and is fixed to the rope fixing bracket 412 located on the upper side; the other traction rope 43 is fixedly wrapped around the rotating shaft 44 located on the left side, and the other end passes through the wire hole 201 located on the lower side and is fixed to the rope fixing bracket 412 located on the lower side.

[0058] In other embodiments, the drive assembly may also include a drive cylinder, which is installed on the head connector 2 or tail connector 3, and the output shaft is vertically and fixedly connected to the repair ring 41 to drive the repair ring 41 to switch between a first position and a second position.

[0059] Understandably, the drive cylinder can be any of the following: hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, or electric cylinder.

[0060] In other embodiments, a plurality of breaking blocks 411 are fixedly disposed on the repair ring 41. The plurality of breaking blocks 411 are arranged at intervals along the circumference and configured to break the stones when the repair ring 41 moves from the first position to the second position.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the broken block 411 is configured as a block structure, and multiple broken blocks 411 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference during installation.

[0062] When the repair ring 41 moves from the first position to the second position, the breaking block 411 can break the stone to prevent the stone from getting stuck in the barrel 1. This reduces the resistance to the movement of the barrel 1 and avoids damage to the inner wall of the well. Furthermore, by setting multiple breaking blocks 411 at intervals, the liquid can pass through the gaps between adjacent breaking blocks 411 during the movement of the repair ring 41, which helps to reduce the resistance to the movement of the repair ring 41 caused by the liquid.

[0063] In a further embodiment, to avoid damage to the gun barrel 1 caused by a direct rigid collision between the broken block 411 and the protruding part and burr of the gun barrel 1, the broken block 411 is inclined toward the wall surface on one side of the gun barrel 1.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the fragment 411 is set as a right trapezoid, wherein both bases of the right trapezoid are parallel to the axis of the gun barrel 1, and the shorter base is located below the longer base, and the hypotenuse is set further away from the pivot 44 than the right-angled side.

[0065] During the process of the repair ring 41 moving from the first position to the second position, when the broken block 411 encounters the protruding part or burr of the barrel 1, the side wall surface where the inclined edge of the broken block 411 is located will first contact the protruding part or burr of the barrel 1. Under the pushing action of the side wall surface where the inclined edge of the broken block 411 is located, the protruding part or burr of the barrel 1 will be gradually flattened, avoiding damage to the barrel 1 caused by direct rigid collision.

[0066] In other embodiments, when the repair ring 41 is in the first position, the repair ring 41 blocks the connection between the barrel 1 and the head connector 2 or the tail connector 3.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, taking the repair ring 41 being positioned close to the gun head connector 2 in the first position as an example, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the repair ring 41 is sealed at the abutment between the gun head connector 2 and the left end of the gun barrel 1, thereby forming a secondary seal and further improving the sealing performance between the gun barrel 1 and the gun head connector 2.

[0068] In embodiments where the drive assembly includes a compression spring 42, the original length of the compression spring 42 needs to be greater than the length of the barrel 1 in order to move the repair ring 41 from the first position to the second position. Without changing the head connector 2 or the tail connector 3, this means that when the repair ring 41 is in the first position, the compression spring 42 needs to be compressed very tightly, resulting in a very high power requirement for the drive motor 45 and increased operating costs. To solve this problem, in other embodiments, the repair mechanism 4 is provided in two forms.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two repair mechanisms 4 are respectively configured to correspond to the head connector 2 and the tail connector 3. When the repair ring 41 is in the first position, the repair ring 41 of the repair mechanism 4 corresponding to the head connector 2 is positioned close to the head connector 2, and the repair ring 41 of the repair mechanism 4 corresponding to the tail connector 3 is positioned close to the tail connector 3. Figure 3 As shown, when the repair ring 41 is in the second position, it is located in the middle of the barrel 1; in order to enable the repair ring 41 to move from the first position to the second position, the original length of the compression spring 42 is set to be greater than half the length of the barrel 1.

[0070] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, in order to avoid damaging the broken block 411, the broken blocks 411 on the repair rings 41 of the two repair mechanisms 4 are arranged to be staggered in the circumferential direction, so that when the repair ring 41 is in the second position, the broken block 411 on the same repair ring 41 is located at the interval between adjacent broken blocks 411 on the other repair ring 41.

[0071] In embodiments where the drive assembly includes a drive cylinder, in order to move the repair ring 41 from the first position to the second position, the length of the output shaft of the drive cylinder needs to be set to be close to the length of the barrel 1, which results in a larger drive cylinder volume and increased operating costs. To solve this problem, in other embodiments, the number of repair mechanisms 4 is set to two.

[0072] In this specific embodiment, there are two drive cylinders, which correspond to the head connector 2 and the tail connector 3, respectively.

[0073] Existing oilfield fracturing methods essentially involve piston-like advancement within the fracture, meaning fracturing continuously penetrates into the formation. Once perforation occurs, existing technologies struggle to quickly halt the operation using the viscous fingering principle. Even after stopping fracturing, resuming the design process still involves extending the fracture to its previous depth, making perforation unavoidable. Therefore, conventional slug fracturing techniques offer very little control over the risk of oil-water communication caused by formation perforation in high-volume fracturing. To address these issues, one embodiment of this invention provides a perforation fracturing process to reduce oil-water communication. This process employs a perforation gun designed to reduce oil-water communication and includes the following steps:

[0074] S1. Obtain data information from the oilfield wellbore;

[0075] S2. Determine the fracturing scheme based on the data information from the oilfield wellbore;

[0076] Specifically, the fracturing plan includes determining the fracturing fluid and the tools and equipment required for normal operation.

[0077] S3. Determine the specific location and number of injection holes in the oilfield wellbore, and open injection holes in the oilfield wellbore by lowering the perforating gun that connects oil and water.

[0078] S4. Utilize the wave principle to inject fracturing fluid into the injection hole in a "small-large-small" curve flow rate.

[0079] It is understandable that during downhole fracturing operations in oilfields, fracturing information can be obtained by monitoring data inside the wellbore.

[0080] Understandably, after the oilfield downhole fracturing operation is completed, the fracturing data can be systematically analyzed, and the data obtained from the analysis can provide reference data for subsequent construction methods.

[0081] During construction, the type of fracturing fluid can be determined based on the geological information of the oil reservoir. Then, the fracturing fluid is injected into the wellbore through the injection port, using a curved injection rate to replenish reservoir energy in an alternating manner. This reduces the phenomenon of fracturing fluid rushing in a straight line. Furthermore, the fracturing fluid discharge rate of each layer can be adjusted according to the different reservoir types and physical properties to meet the oil extraction needs of the reservoir.

[0082] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0083] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication, characterized in that, The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication includes a barrel, a head connector, a tail connector, and a repair mechanism. The barrel contains a perforating bullet configured to create a hole in the wellbore sidewall. The head connector and the tail connector are detachably and sealingly connected to both ends of the barrel. The repair mechanism is configured to repair the outer peripheral wall of the barrel after the perforation is completed.

2. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair mechanism includes a repair ring and a drive assembly. The repair ring is sleeved on the barrel and can slide along the axial direction of the barrel. It has a first position and a second position before and after sliding. When in the first position, the repair ring is close to the head connector or the tail connector. When in the second position, the repair ring is away from the head connector or the tail connector. The drive assembly is configured to provide a driving force for the repair ring to switch between the first position and the second position.

3. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The repair ring is capable of elastically sliding along the barrel axis; the drive assembly includes a rotating shaft, an elastic element, and a traction rope; the rotating shaft is inserted into the head connector or the tail connector and is capable of rotation; the elastic element is configured to provide a driving force for the elastic sliding of the repair ring; one end of the traction rope is fixedly wound around the rotating shaft and the other end is fixed to the repair ring.

4. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic element includes a compression spring, which is sleeved on the barrel, with one end disposed on the head connector or the tail connector and the other end disposed on the repair ring. Under the action of the compression spring, the repair ring tends to move away from the pivot.

5. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive assembly further includes a drive element configured to provide a driving force for the rotation of the shaft.

6. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The repair ring is fixedly provided with a plurality of broken blocks, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference and configured to break the stones when the repair ring moves from the first position to the second position.

7. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fragment is inclined toward the wall on one side of the gun barrel.

8. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the repair ring is in the first position, the repair ring seals the connection between the barrel and the head connector or the tail connector.

9. The perforating gun for reducing oil-water communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two repair mechanisms.

10. A perforation fracturing process to reduce oil-water communication, characterized in that, Using the perforation gun for reducing oil-water communication as described in claim 1, the perforation fracturing process for reducing oil-water communication includes the following steps: S1. Obtain data information from the oilfield wellbore; S2. Determine the fracturing scheme based on the data information of the oilfield wellbore; S3. Determine the specific location and number of injection holes in the oilfield wellbore, and open the injection holes in the oilfield wellbore by lowering the perforating gun that connects oil and water. S4. Using the wave principle, inject fracturing fluid into the injection hole in a "small-large-small" curve.

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