Solid hydrogen storage tank and explosion suppression control method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and an explosion suppression control method thereof. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank comprises a tank body, at least one monitoring module, at least one explosion suppression device and a control module. The tank body comprises a tank shell and a gas flow limiter, the tank shell is provided with an inner cavity, and the gas flow limiter is arranged on the tank shell. The monitoring module is arranged on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and is used for collecting the pressure and temperature in the inner cavity. The at least one explosion suppression device is arranged on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and is arranged to be capable of spraying explosion suppression materials towards the inner cavity. The control module is connected with the monitoring module and the explosion suppression device, and the control module controls the explosion suppression device according to the monitoring information sent by the monitoring module. The gas flow limiter is connected with a hydrogen output pipeline and is used for adjusting the hydrogen flow entering the hydrogen output pipeline according to the pressure in the inner cavity. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank provided by the application greatly improves the safety level of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank through the combination of active safety defense and passive safety regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and in particular relates to a solid hydrogen storage tank and its explosion suppression control method. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage is a key technology for solving the challenges of hydrogen storage and transportation. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials store hydrogen through physical adsorption or chemical bonding. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, solid-state hydrogen storage materials react with hydrogen to form hydrides, and then reversibly release hydrogen through heating. It has advantages such as high hydrogen storage density, good operational safety, and convenient transportation, and is considered to be the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage method.

[0003] However, existing solid hydrogen storage tanks employ passive protection, making it difficult to provide active protection in the early stages of explosion formation and propagation. Furthermore, during the rapid release of hydrogen, drastic temperature and pressure changes occur, creating a high-speed jet. This high-speed jet not only causes severe impacts on pipes and connecting components, increasing structural fatigue and leakage risks, but also leads to a sharp increase in hydrogen concentration in the outlet area.

[0004] Because hydrogen has an extremely wide range of explosive limits, rapidly accumulating gas can easily form a flammable mixture with air. When it encounters static electricity, mechanical sparks, or other ignition sources, it will directly cause a combustion or explosion accident, seriously threatening the safety of equipment and personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide a solid hydrogen storage tank and its explosion suppression control method to achieve active explosion suppression and reduce the risk of explosion caused by rapid release of hydrogen.

[0006] This application provides a solid hydrogen storage tank, including a tank body, at least one monitoring module, at least one explosion suppression device, and a control module. The tank body includes a tank shell and a gas flow limiter, with an inner cavity provided within the tank shell. The gas flow limiter is disposed within the tank shell. The monitoring module is disposed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and is used to collect the pressure and temperature within the inner cavity. At least one explosion suppression device is disposed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and is configured to spray explosion suppression material into the inner cavity. The control module is connected to the monitoring module and the explosion suppression device, and the control module controls the explosion suppression device based on the monitoring information sent by the monitoring module. The gas flow limiter is connected to a hydrogen output pipe and is used to regulate the hydrogen flow rate entering the hydrogen output pipe according to the pressure in the inner cavity.

[0007] In an optional embodiment of this application, the airflow speed limiter includes a docking cylinder, a movable plate, a first elastic element, and a valve core rod. A docking flange is provided at one axial end of the docking cylinder. At least a portion of the valve core rod, the movable plate, and the first elastic element are located within the docking cylinder. The movable plate is disposed at one end of the valve core rod and is movably connected to the docking cylinder. The first elastic element is clamped between the movable plate and the docking flange. The movable plate has a channel that allows it to move axially along the docking cylinder. The end of the valve core rod away from the movable plate is a tapered end, and the tapered end is shaped like a cone tip.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of this application, the end of the hydrogen output pipeline is provided with a splicing flange, which connects to the docking flange and has a tapered hole. The movable plate is configured to move with changes in pressure within the inner cavity, thereby moving the valve core rod to change the insertion depth of the tapered end in the tapered hole.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of this application, the inner peripheral wall of the docking cylinder is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder, and the movable piece includes a plurality of spokes arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder, with the channel formed between two adjacent spokes, and the end of each spoke extending into each sliding groove.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of this application, the explosion suppression device includes a storage tank, a drive module, a control valve, and a spray module. The storage tank is used to contain the explosion suppression material. The drive module is located on one axial side of the storage tank. The control valve is located on the other axial side of the storage tank. The spray module is connected to the control valve. Both the drive module and the control valve are connected to the control module, which can control the drive module to drive the explosion suppression material to the spray module, and control the control valve to connect or disconnect the spray module from the storage tank.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of this application, the control valve includes a valve seat, a movable valve stem, an electromagnetic unit, and a second elastic element. A passage is formed within the valve seat. The movable valve stem is movably connected to the valve seat and at least partially extends into the valve seat, with one end of the movable valve stem within the valve seat serving as a sealing end. The electromagnetic unit is connected to the end of the movable valve stem furthest from the sealing end and is located outside the valve seat. The second elastic element connects the electromagnetic unit and the sealing end of the movable valve stem. The electromagnetic unit is configured to move the movable valve stem, causing the sealing end to extend into or leave the passage.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electromagnetic unit includes a spring plate connected to the end of the movable valve stem away from the sealing end, and configured to drive the movable valve stem under the action of electromagnetic force.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of this application, the solid hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat exchange system, which is connected to the control module and includes a heat dissipation module and heat exchange pipes, wherein the heat dissipation module is connected to the heat exchange pipes.

[0014] The heat exchange pipe is located inside the cavity and is arranged in a roundabout manner.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides an explosion suppression control method, which is configured in the aforementioned solid hydrogen storage tank and includes:

[0016] The pressure and temperature collected by each monitoring module are obtained, and the average temperature, average temperature rise rate, and pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module are determined.

[0017] The heat exchange power of the heat exchange system is controlled based on the average temperature and the average temperature rise rate.

[0018] The abnormal location of the tank is determined based on the pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module;

[0019] Based on the location of the abnormality, at least one of the explosion suppression devices is controlled to spray explosion suppression material.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of this application, determining the abnormal location of the tank based on the pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module includes:

[0021] The pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate are compared with a preset threshold group, which includes a preset pressure threshold, a preset temperature threshold, a preset pressure rise rate threshold and a preset temperature rise rate threshold.

[0022] When the pressure is not less than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature is not less than the preset temperature threshold, the preset pressure rise rate is not less than the preset pressure rise rate threshold, and the temperature rise rate is not less than the preset temperature rise rate threshold, the location of the monitoring module is determined to be an abnormal location of the tank.

[0023] In summary, the solution provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In the solid hydrogen storage tank provided in this application, a flow rate limiter is installed at the exhaust outlet of the tank shell to address the scenario of rapid hydrogen release. This limiter adjusts the hydrogen discharge flow rate according to the pressure within the cavity, ensuring that hydrogen under high pressure is discharged in a controlled and limited manner, reducing the risk of explosion caused by sudden large-flow emissions. Secondly, the control module, based on monitoring information from the monitoring module, pre-determines areas within the cavity that are in a critical or initial combustion / explosion state, and actively controls the explosion suppression device to spray explosion-suppressing materials, further reducing the risk of explosion. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the specific embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid hydrogen storage tank provided according to one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the interior of the solid hydrogen storage tank.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the control module in the solid hydrogen storage tank of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an airflow speed limiter provided according to one embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 2 An exploded diagram of the explosion suppression device.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a step diagram of an explosion suppression control method provided according to one embodiment of this application.

[0032] Icon labels:

[0033] 100. Solid hydrogen storage tank;

[0034] 1. Tank body; 2. Support frame;

[0035] 11. Tank shell; 12. Inner cavity; 13. Feed inlet pipe; 14. Hydrogen output pipe; 141. Splicing flange; B. Conical hole;

[0036] 15. Airflow speed limiter; 151. Connecting cylinder; 152. Movable plate; 153. First elastic element; 154. Valve core rod; C. Slide groove;

[0037] 3. Heat exchange system; 31. Heat exchange medium inlet pipe; 32. Heat exchange medium outlet pipe; 33. Heat exchange pipe;

[0038] 4. Monitoring module; 41. Pressure sensor; 42. Temperature sensor;

[0039] 5. Explosion suppression device;

[0040] 51. Drive module; 511. Sealing plate; 512. Gas generation chamber; 513. Third flange;

[0041] 52. Storage bucket; 521. First flange; 522. Second flange;

[0042] 53. Control valve; 531. Valve seat; 532. Movable valve stem; 533. Second elastic element; 534. Electromagnetic unit; 5341. Spring; A. Passageway; 535. Fourth flange;

[0043] 54. Sprinkler module; 541. Distribution flange; 542. Spray pipe; 543. Fan-shaped spray nozzle; 544. Multi-hole spray nozzle;

[0044] 6. Control module. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the above and other features and advantages of this application clearer, the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments given herein are for the purpose of explanation to those skilled in the art and are exemplary only, not restrictive.

[0046] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid hydrogen storage tank provided according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the interior of the solid hydrogen storage tank. Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the control module in the solid hydrogen storage tank of this application. (See attached diagram.) Figures 1 to 3 The solid hydrogen storage tank 100 includes a tank body 1, at least one monitoring module 4, at least one explosion suppression device 5, and a control module 6.

[0048] The tank body 1 includes a tank shell 11 and an airflow speed limiter 15. The tank shell 11 has an inner cavity 12, and the airflow speed limiter 15 is disposed in the tank shell 11.

[0049] The monitoring module 4 is installed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell 11 and is used to collect the pressure and temperature inside the inner cavity 12. The explosion suppression device 5 is installed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell 11 and is configured to spray explosion suppression material into the inner cavity 12.

[0050] The control module 6 is connected to the monitoring module 4 and the explosion suppression device 5. The control module 6 controls the explosion suppression device 5 according to the monitoring information sent by the monitoring module 4.

[0051] The flow rate limiter 15 is connected to the hydrogen output pipe 14 and is used to regulate the flow rate of hydrogen entering the hydrogen output pipe 14 according to the pressure in the inner cavity 12.

[0052] The tank body 1 includes a tank shell 11, within which an inner cavity 12 is formed to accommodate solid hydrogen storage material. The tank shell 11 is a pressure-bearing safety container. Furthermore, the solid hydrogen storage material here includes, for example, magnesium-based materials, titanium-iron-based materials, rare-earth-based materials, etc.

[0053] At least one monitoring module 4 and at least one explosion suppression device 5 are arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the tank shell 11. In practical applications, there are multiple monitoring modules 4 and explosion suppression devices 5. Each monitoring module 4 is used to obtain the pressure and temperature of the inner cavity 12 in its location area. The explosion suppression device 5 can spray explosion suppression material into the inner cavity 12 and cover a certain range of the inner cavity 12.

[0054] The control module 6 is communicatively connected to each monitoring module 4 and each explosion suppression device 5, and can acquire monitoring information sent by the monitoring modules 4. The monitoring information includes temperature information, such as temperature and temperature rise rate, and pressure information, such as pressure and pressure rise rate. The control module 6 can determine abnormal situations based on the monitoring information, including the risk of potential explosion, and control the explosion suppression devices 5 to spray explosion suppression material into the inner cavity 12 to actively reduce the risk of explosion.

[0055] In practical applications, the monitoring module 4 includes a pressure sensor 41 and a temperature sensor 42, and the explosion suppression material can be, for example, a flame-retardant composite material. A bracket 2 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the tank shell 11, providing fixed support. The control module 6 includes, but is not limited to, a microprocessor, a programmable logic controller, etc.

[0056] In addition, the tank shell 11 is also equipped with an airflow limiter 15. The airflow limiter 15 can be fixed at the exhaust outlet of the tank shell 11. The hydrogen output pipe 14 is connected to the inner cavity 12 through the airflow limiter 15. The airflow limiter 15 can automatically and adaptively adjust the flow rate entering the hydrogen output pipe 14 according to the pressure change in the inner cavity 12.

[0057] For example, under the action of the flow rate limiter 15, the hydrogen flow rate in the hydrogen output pipe 14 is negatively correlated with the pressure in the inner cavity 12; that is, the higher the pressure in the inner cavity 12, the lower the flow rate in the hydrogen output pipe 14. In the case of rapid hydrogen release, the pressure in the inner cavity 12 is high, and the flow rate limiter 15 can prevent the hydrogen release rate from being too fast and generating a high-speed jet, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.

[0058] As can be seen, in the solid hydrogen storage tank 100 provided in this application, for the case of rapid hydrogen release, an airflow limiter 15 is installed at the exhaust outlet of the tank shell 11. This limiter adjusts the hydrogen discharge flow rate according to the pressure of the inner cavity 12, ensuring that hydrogen under high pressure is discharged in a controlled and limited manner, reducing the risk of explosion caused by instantaneous large-flow discharge. Secondly, the control module 6, based on monitoring information from the monitoring module 4, predicts in advance the areas within the inner cavity 12 that are in a critical or initial combustion / explosion state, and actively controls the explosion suppression device 5 to spray explosion suppression material, further reducing the risk of explosion.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an airflow speed limiter 15 according to one embodiment of this application. (See also...) Figure 4 In some alternative embodiments, the airflow speed limiter 15 includes a docking cylinder 151, a movable plate 152, a first elastic element 153, and a valve core rod 154.

[0060] A docking flange is provided at one axial end of the docking cylinder 151. At least part of the valve core rod 154, the movable plate 152 and the first elastic element 153 are located inside the docking cylinder 151. The movable plate 152 is disposed at one end of the valve core rod 154 and is movably connected to the docking cylinder 151. The first elastic element 153 is clamped between the movable plate 152 and the docking flange.

[0061] The movable plate 152 has a channel that allows it to move axially along the docking cylinder 151. The end of the valve core rod 154 away from the movable plate 152 is a conical end, which is set in the shape of a cone tip.

[0062] In this embodiment, the docking cylinder 151 is a hollow structure, which houses the movable plate 152, the first elastic element 153, and the valve core rod 154. One axial end of the docking cylinder 151 is a docking flange, which is installed at the exhaust outlet of the tank shell 11. In specific applications, the docking flange is provided with multiple threaded holes to be fixed to the exhaust outlet of the tank shell 11 by bolts.

[0063] The movable plate 152 is located at one end of the valve core rod 154 and is slidably connected to the docking cylinder 151. The first elastic element 153 is clamped between the movable plate 152 and the docking flange. Furthermore, the diameter of the valve core rod 154 is smaller than the diameter of the docking cylinder 151, allowing the valve core rod 154 to move within the docking cylinder 151. Therefore, the valve core rod 154 can move with the movable plate 152, and the first elastic element 153 clamped between the movable plate 152 and the docking flange can extend and retract.

[0064] The movable piece 152 cannot seal the docking cylinder 151, leaving a channel to allow hydrogen to pass through and flow to the hydrogen output pipe 14. Secondly, the conical end of the valve core rod 154 is tapered, meaning its diameter decreases with the direction of airflow. In practical applications, the first elastic element 153 can be a spring, fitted over the valve core rod 154.

[0065] In a further optional embodiment, the end of the hydrogen output pipeline 14 is provided with a splicing flange 141, which is connected to the docking flange and is provided with a tapered hole B.

[0066] The movable piece 152 is configured to move with the pressure change in the inner cavity 12 and drive the valve core rod 154 to move to change the insertion depth of the cone end in the cone hole B.

[0067] In this embodiment, a splicing flange 141 is installed at the end of the hydrogen output pipe 14. A conical hole B is formed inside the splicing flange 141, and the opening size of the conical hole B decreases with the direction of gas flow. In specific applications, in order to ensure sealing, the splicing flange 141 and the mating flange are fixed by welding.

[0068] The docking cylinder 151 is connected to the inner cavity 12, so the movable plate 152 can adjust its position in the docking cylinder 151 according to the pressure change in the inner cavity 12.

[0069] Understandably, when the pressure in the inner cavity 12 increases, the movable plate 152 moves closer to the mating flange, causing the valve core rod 154 to move away from the inner cavity 12. The first elastic element 153 is compressed so that the elastic force provided by the first elastic element 153 balances the pressure in the inner cavity 12. The movement of the movable plate 152, the first elastic element 153, and the valve core rod 154 when the pressure in the inner cavity 12 decreases is the opposite, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Thus, as the movable piece 152 moves with the pressure changes in the inner cavity 12, it can change the position of the cone end in the cone hole B.

[0071] It should be noted that the depth of the conical end of the valve core rod 154 in the conical hole B determines the cross-sectional area through which hydrogen gas passes. The greater the depth of insertion, the smaller the cross-sectional area and the smaller the hydrogen gas flow.

[0072] Specifically, when the release rate of the highly reactive hydrogen storage material increases, causing a momentary accumulation of hydrogen in the tank and resulting in a pressure increase, the increased pressure acts on the movable plate 152, causing it to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element 153 and displace. This displacement drives the valve core rod 154 to reduce the flow cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the hydrogen release flow rate and achieving a limited and stable discharge, preventing the formation of a high-speed jet. When a large amount of hydrogen is stably discharged and the pressure inside the tank decreases, the force on the movable plate 152 decreases, and the elastic force of the first elastic element 153 regains dominance, pushing the movable plate 152 back to the equilibrium position and pushing the valve core rod 154 to increase the flow cross-sectional area, appropriately increasing the hydrogen release flow rate and achieving adaptive steady-state output under all operating conditions.

[0073] As can be seen, the airflow limiter 15 drives the valve core rod 154 to change position based on the force balance relationship between the pressure on the movable plate 152 and the first elastic element 153, thereby adjusting the flow cross-sectional area of ​​hydrogen, passively limiting the hydrogen flow rate, and ensuring stable output, achieving passive safety regulation without electrical control or manual intervention throughout the entire process.

[0074] In this way, the flow rate limiter 15 passively regulates the flow rate of hydrogen entering the hydrogen output pipe 14 according to the pressure in the inner cavity 12. Through the combination of active safety defense and passive safety regulation, the safety level of the solid hydrogen storage tank 100 is greatly improved.

[0075] In some optional embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the docking cylinder 151 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves C arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder 151, and the movable piece 152 includes a plurality of spokes arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder 151, with a channel formed between two adjacent spokes, and the end of each spoke extending into each sliding groove C.

[0076] In this embodiment, the movable plate 152 is a centrally radiating plate, with a channel between two adjacent spokes to allow hydrogen to pass through. The inner peripheral wall of the docking cylinder 151 is provided with multiple sliding grooves C to slide and connect with the spokes of the movable plate 152.

[0077] It should be understood that the length of the groove C limits the maximum depth to which the conical end of the valve core rod 154 can extend, preventing the conical end from completely sealing the narrowest part of the conical hole B. In this way, it is possible to prevent the valve core rod 154 from completely sealing the conical hole B due to excessive pressure in the inner cavity 12. That is, after the pressure in the inner cavity 12 exceeds a certain threshold, the hydrogen discharge flow rate remains essentially unchanged.

[0078] Preferably, the movable piece 152 is made of a metal material that is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement and has high fatigue strength, and the first elastic element 153 is treated with anti-corrosion and pre-tightening force calibration to ensure the reliability of the mechanism under long-term cyclic pressure.

[0079] See Figure 2In some optional embodiments, the solid hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat exchange system 3, which is connected to the control module 6 and includes a heat dissipation module and a heat exchange pipe 33. The heat dissipation module is connected to the heat exchange pipe 33. The heat exchange pipe 33 is located within the inner cavity 12 and is arranged in a tortuous manner.

[0080] In this embodiment, the heat exchange system 3 includes a heat dissipation module (not shown in the figure) and a heat exchange pipe 33. The heat dissipation module is used to cool the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange pipe 33 is located in the inner cavity 12 to guide the low-temperature heat exchange medium flowing out of the heat dissipation module into the inner cavity 12, thereby realizing the temperature control and regulation of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0081] The heat exchange pipe 33 is designed to extend in a circuitous manner, which can prolong the residence time of the heat exchange medium in the inner cavity 12 and fully facilitate heat exchange. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchange pipe 33 is U-shaped to achieve the circuitous extension, but it is not limited to this. For example, the heat exchange pipe 33 can also be S-shaped, wavy, or other circuitous extension shapes.

[0082] It should be understood that the heat exchange medium in the meandering heat exchange pipe 33 absorbs heat, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is cooled by the heat dissipation module. The heat exchange power of the heat exchange system 3 can be achieved by controlling the flow rate of the heat exchange medium. For example, the heat exchange medium can be, for instance, water or refrigerant. In specific applications, the heat exchange system 3 includes an electrically controlled flow valve (not shown) installed on the pipe between the heat dissipation module and the heat exchange pipe 33 to control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium, thereby achieving heat exchange power regulation. Thus, the control module 6 can regulate the heat exchange power by controlling the electrically controlled flow valve.

[0083] In the illustrated embodiment, the two ends of the heat exchange pipe 33 are a heat exchange medium inlet pipe 31 and a heat exchange medium outlet pipe 32, respectively. Both the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 31 and the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 32 are connected to the heat dissipation module, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate to control the temperature of the inner cavity 12.

[0084] In one optional embodiment, the tank shell 11 is provided with a feeding inlet pipe 13, which connects to the inner cavity 12 and can be used to feed solid hydrogen storage material. In the illustrated embodiment, the feeding inlet pipe 13 and the hydrogen output pipe 14 are located on opposite sides of the axial direction of the tank shell 11, and the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 31 and the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 32 are located on the same side of the axial direction as the feeding inlet pipe 13.

[0085] Figure 5 for Figure 2 An exploded view of the explosion suppression device 5. (See attached image.) Figure 5 and combined Figure 2 In some optional embodiments, the explosion suppression device 5 includes a drive module 51, a storage tank 52, a control valve 53, and a spray module 54.

[0086] Storage tank 52 is used to contain explosion suppression material; drive module 51 is located on one axial side of storage tank 52; control valve 53 is located on the other axial side of storage tank 52; spray module 54 is connected to control valve 53.

[0087] Both the drive module 51 and the control valve 53 are connected to the control module 6. The control module 6 can control the drive module 51 to drive the explosion suppression material to the spray module 54, and control the control valve 53 to connect or disconnect the spray module 54 and the storage tank 52.

[0088] In this embodiment, the drive module 51 and the control valve 53 are respectively installed at both ends of the storage tank 52. The control valve 53 switches the connection between the spray module 54 and the storage tank 52. When the control valve 53 is in the open state, the spray module 54 is connected to the storage tank 52. When the control valve 53 is in the closed state, the spray module 54 is disconnected from the storage tank 52.

[0089] Specifically, when the control valve 53 is open, the drive module 51 can act on the explosion suppression material in the storage tank 52 so that the explosion suppression material is sprayed out through the spray module 54.

[0090] Whether the control valve 53 is opened, and whether the drive module 51 drives the explosion suppression material in the storage tank 52, are both controlled by the control module 6.

[0091] In one embodiment, the storage tank 52 is provided with flanges at both axial ends. The flange located outside the inner cavity 12 is the first flange 521, and the flange located inside the inner cavity 12 is the second flange 522. The first flange 521 is connected to the drive module 51, and the second flange 522 is connected to the control valve 53.

[0092] In one embodiment, the drive module 51 employs a pneumatic drive scheme, specifically including a gas-generating chamber 512 and a third flange 513. A sealing plate 511 is formed at the end of the gas-generating chamber 512 away from the storage tank 52. The third flange 513 is connected to the first flange 521, and the through holes in the middle of the two are aligned. The gas-generating chamber 512 can pass through the through holes in the middle of the third flange 513 and the first flange 521 to enter the storage tank 52. The sealing plate 511 seals the through hole in the middle of the third flange 513.

[0093] In a specific application, the gas generation chamber 512 contains solid fuel. When the solid fuel is ignited, it can release a large amount of gas. The gas generation chamber 512 ruptures, causing the pressure inside the storage tank 52 to increase instantaneously, driving the explosion suppression material to be sprayed outward through the spray module 54.

[0094] To ignite the solid fuel, an igniter (not shown in the diagram) is installed in the gas production chamber 512. This igniter is signal-connected to the control module 6, which can send control signals to ignite the igniter. Of course, the drive module 51 is not limited to a gas-driven solution; for example, the explosion suppression material can be directly pushed out by an electric push rod.

[0095] In a further optional embodiment, the control valve 53 includes a valve seat 531, a movable valve stem 532, a second elastic element 533, and an electromagnetic unit 534.

[0096] A passageway A is formed within the valve seat 531. The movable valve stem 532 is movably connected to the valve seat 531 and extends at least partially into the valve seat 531. The end of the movable valve stem 532 located within the valve seat 531 is a sealing end.

[0097] The electromagnetic unit 534 is connected to the end of the movable valve stem 532 away from the sealing end and is located outside the valve seat 531. The second elastic element 533 is connected between the electromagnetic unit 534 and the sealing end of the movable valve stem 532.

[0098] The electromagnetic unit 534 is configured to drive the movable valve stem 532 to move so that the sealing end extends into or leaves the passageway A.

[0099] In this embodiment, the control valve 53 is a solenoid valve and includes a valve seat 531, a movable valve stem 532, a second elastic element 533, and a solenoid unit 534. Channel A in the valve seat 531 is used for the passage of the explosion-suppressing material. The movable valve stem 532 moves up and down under the combined action of the solenoid unit 534 and the second elastic element 533, switching the position of the sealing end to extend into or out of channel A. Understandably, when the sealing end extends into channel A, the control valve 53 is in a closed state; when the sealing end leaves channel A, the control valve 53 is in an open state.

[0100] Furthermore, during the movement of the movable valve stem 532, the second elastic element 533 extends and retracts. Specifically, when the electromagnetic unit 534 is energized, it drives the sealing end of the movable valve stem 532 away from channel A to open channel A, and the second elastic element 533 is compressed. When the electromagnetic unit 534 is de-energized, the second elastic element 533 releases its elastic force, pushing the sealing end of the movable valve stem 532 into channel A to seal channel A. Therefore, the control valve 53 is normally closed.

[0101] In one embodiment, a fourth flange 535 is provided on the side of the valve seat 531 near the storage tank 52. The fourth flange 535 is connected to the second flange 522 to connect the control valve 53 to the storage tank 52. Of course, the fourth flange 535 has a through hole connecting channel A in the middle.

[0102] In one embodiment, the spray module 54 includes a distribution flange 541 and a nozzle. The distribution flange 541 has a through-hole connecting channel A in its middle, and the nozzle communicates with the through-hole in the middle of the distribution flange 541. Further, the spray module 54 also includes a spray pipe 542, and the nozzle includes a fan-shaped spray nozzle 543 and a multi-hole spray nozzle 544. The fan-shaped spray nozzle 543 is installed at one end of the spray pipe 542 and communicates with the through-hole in the middle of the distribution flange 541 via the spray pipe 542. The multi-hole spray nozzle 544 also communicates with the through-hole in the middle of the distribution flange 541.

[0103] The nozzles are optimized based on the physical properties (particle size, etc.) of the explosion suppression material to ensure uniform spray diffusion and efficient spatial distribution. Specifically, the fan-shaped spray nozzle 543 broadens the explosion suppression material into a fan-shaped flow field, expanding the lateral coverage; the porous spray nozzle 544 forms a uniformly atomized jet stream, achieving comprehensive coverage within the space. The combination of various nozzles creates a large spray coverage area, rapidly spraying the material into the inner cavity 12 from different positions and angles in the form of a fan-shaped and atomized flow field.

[0104] In a further optional embodiment, the electromagnetic unit 534 includes a spring 5341 connected to the end of the movable valve stem 532 away from the sealing end, and configured to drive the movable valve stem 532 under the action of electromagnetic force.

[0105] In this embodiment, the spring 5341 in the electromagnetic unit 534 moves under the action of electromagnetic force, thereby driving the movable valve stem 532 to move and change the position of its sealing end. It should be understood that the electromagnetic force here can be generated by an electromagnet (not shown in the figure).

[0106] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an explosion suppression control method according to one embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 6 The second aspect of this application provides an explosion suppression control method configured in the aforementioned solid hydrogen storage tank 100, specifically in the control module 6, and includes at least the following steps.

[0107] S10: Obtain the pressure and temperature collected by each monitoring module 4, and determine the average temperature, average temperature rise rate, and pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module 4.

[0108] In one embodiment, the monitoring module 4 includes a pressure sensor 41 and a temperature sensor 42. The pressure sensor 41 collects pressure, and the temperature sensor 42 collects temperature. The temperature rise rate can be the temperature rise value per unit time, such as the temperature rise value per second, the temperature rise value per minute, etc. The pressure rise rate can be the pressure rise value per unit time, such as the pressure rise value per second, the temperature rise value per minute, etc.

[0109] The average temperature refers to the average temperature collected by each monitoring module 4, and the average temperature rise rate refers to the average temperature rise rate collected by each monitoring module 4.

[0110] S20, the heat exchange power of the heat exchange system 3 is controlled according to the average temperature and the average temperature rise rate.

[0111] If the average temperature is too high and / or the average temperature rise rate is too fast, the heat exchange power of the heat exchange system 3 is increased; if the average temperature is too low and / or the temperature rise rate is too low, the heat exchange power of the heat exchange system 3 is reduced, thus ensuring that the inner cavity 12 is maintained in a suitable temperature environment.

[0112] The thresholds for judging whether the average temperature is too high and whether the average temperature rise rate is too fast can be empirical values. These empirical values ​​are limited by factors such as the specifications of tank 1 and solid hydrogen storage materials, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0113] S30, based on the pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module 4, determine the abnormal location of tank 1.

[0114] This step determines whether the location of each monitoring module 4 has an explosion risk based on the monitoring information sent by each monitoring module 4. Whether there is an explosion risk is judged by a combination of pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate. Locations with an explosion risk are abnormal locations.

[0115] S40, depending on the abnormal location, control at least one explosion suppression device 5 to spray explosion suppression material.

[0116] After identifying the abnormal location, this step involves controlling one or more explosion suppression devices 5 adjacent to the abnormal location to spray explosion suppression material in order to reduce the risk of explosion at the abnormal location.

[0117] As can be seen, this explosion suppression control method utilizes the heat exchange system 3 to maintain the temperature within the inner cavity 12 within a suitable range. Simultaneously, by using single-point monitoring data from each monitoring module 4, abnormal locations with explosion risks are identified, and the corresponding explosion suppression device 5 is controlled to spray explosion suppression materials. Thus, by using the heat exchange system 3 for large-scale temperature control combined with precise explosion suppression at localized locations, the risk of explosion is effectively reduced.

[0118] Furthermore, for S30, at least the following steps are included:

[0119] The pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate are compared with a preset threshold set, which includes a preset pressure threshold, a preset temperature threshold, a preset pressure rise rate threshold, and a preset temperature rise rate threshold.

[0120] When the pressure is not less than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature is not less than the preset temperature threshold, the preset pressure rise rate is not less than the preset pressure rise rate threshold, and the temperature rise rate is not less than the preset temperature rise rate threshold, the location of the monitoring module 4 is determined to be an abnormal location of the tank 1.

[0121] In this embodiment, each threshold in the preset threshold group can obtain relevant data on the initial stage of the combustion and explosion reaction through combustion and explosion tests, specifically including preset pressure threshold, preset temperature threshold, preset pressure rise rate threshold, and preset temperature rise rate threshold.

[0122] Only when the pressure, temperature, preset pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate obtained by any monitoring module 4 are not less than the corresponding threshold, is the location of the monitoring module 4 determined to be an abnormal location, i.e., a location with an explosion risk.

[0123] Furthermore, for S40, at least the following steps are included:

[0124] Compare the number of abnormal locations with the preset value;

[0125] When the number of abnormal locations is less than the preset value, control each explosion suppression device 5 adjacent to each abnormal location to spray explosion suppression material.

[0126] When the number of abnormal locations is not less than the preset value, control all explosion suppression devices 5 to spray explosion suppression materials.

[0127] In this embodiment, the explosion risk is assessed based on the number of abnormal locations. If the number of abnormal locations is low, multiple adjacent explosion suppression devices 5 can be used to spray explosion suppression material on each abnormal location in a coordinated manner, i.e., multi-point coordinated explosion suppression. If the number of abnormal locations is high, all explosion suppression devices 5 will spray explosion suppression material. It should be noted that the preset value is comprehensively evaluated based on factors such as the number of monitoring modules 4 and the size of the tank 1, and no specific limitation is imposed here.

[0128] In summary, this application provides a solid hydrogen storage tank with an added airflow limiter 15 at the hydrogen outlet to automatically regulate the hydrogen release process. Simultaneously, the monitoring module 4 and the heat exchange system 3 establish data linkage, automatically adjusting the heat exchange power when abnormal temperatures are detected. An active explosion suppression device 5 is also integrated, combining the real-time monitoring, rapid triggering, and efficient intervention mechanism of the monitoring module 4 to achieve dynamic active protection in the early stages of explosion formation and propagation. This significantly improves the intrinsic safety level and application reliability of the hydrogen storage tank, promoting the industrial application of solid hydrogen storage technology.

[0129] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that, include: The tank body includes a tank shell and an airflow speed limiter, wherein the tank shell has an inner cavity and the airflow speed limiter is disposed in the tank shell; At least one monitoring module is disposed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and is used to collect the pressure and temperature inside the cavity; At least one explosion suppression device is disposed on the peripheral wall of the tank shell and configured to spray explosion suppression material into the inner cavity; as well as A control module connects the monitoring module and the explosion suppression device. The control module controls the explosion suppression device based on the monitoring information sent by the monitoring module. The airflow limiter is connected to a hydrogen output pipe and is used to regulate the flow rate of hydrogen entering the hydrogen output pipe according to the pressure in the inner cavity. The airflow speed limiter includes a docking cylinder, a movable plate, a first elastic element, and a valve core rod; The docking cylinder is provided with a docking flange at one axial end. The valve core rod, the movable plate and the first elastic element are located in the docking cylinder. The movable plate is disposed at one end of the valve core rod and is movably connected to the docking cylinder. The end of the movable plate opposite to the hydrogen output pipe has a hollow plane. The first elastic element is clamped between the movable plate and the docking flange. The movable plate is provided with a channel that allows it to move axially along the docking cylinder. The end of the valve core rod away from the movable plate is a conical end, and the conical end is set in the shape of a cone tip. The end of the hydrogen output pipeline is provided with a splicing flange, which is connected to the docking flange and is provided with a tapered hole; The movable piece is configured to move in response to pressure changes in the inner cavity, and drive the valve core rod to move to change the insertion depth of the conical end in the conical hole; The inner peripheral wall of the docking cylinder is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder. The movable piece is a centrally radial piece structure and includes a plurality of spokes arranged at intervals along the circumference of the docking cylinder. The channel is formed between two adjacent spokes, and the end of each spoke extends into each sliding groove. The explosion suppression device includes: Storage bucket, used to contain the explosion suppression material; The drive module is located on one axial side of the storage bucket; A control valve is located on the opposite side of the storage tank along its axial direction; and The spray module is connected to the control valve; Both the drive module and the control valve are connected to the control module. The control module can control the drive module to drive the explosion suppression material to the spray module, and control the control valve to connect or disconnect the spray module from the storage tank. The control valve includes: The valve seat has a passageway inside; A movable valve stem is movably connected to the valve seat and extends at least partially into the valve seat, wherein the end of the movable valve stem located inside the valve seat is a sealed end; An electromagnetic unit is connected to the end of the movable valve stem away from the sealing end and located outside the valve seat; and The second elastic element is connected between the electromagnetic unit and the sealing end of the movable valve stem; The electromagnetic unit is configured to drive the movable valve stem to move, so that the sealing end extends into or leaves the passageway.

2. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic unit includes a spring plate connected to the end of the movable valve stem away from the sealing end, and is configured to drive the movable valve stem under the action of electromagnetic force.

3. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It also includes a heat exchange system, which is connected to the control module and includes a heat dissipation module and heat exchange pipes, wherein the heat dissipation module is connected to the heat exchange pipes; The heat exchange pipe is located inside the cavity and is arranged in a roundabout manner.

4. A method for controlling explosion suppression, characterized in that, The explosion suppression control method is configured in the solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 3, and includes: The pressure and temperature collected by each monitoring module are obtained, and the average temperature, average temperature rise rate, and pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module are determined. The heat exchange power of the heat exchange system is controlled based on the average temperature and the average temperature rise rate. The abnormal location of the tank is determined based on the pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module; Based on the location of the abnormality, at least one of the explosion suppression devices is controlled to spray explosion suppression material.

5. The explosion suppression control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the abnormal location of the tank based on the pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate, and temperature rise rate corresponding to each monitoring module includes: The pressure, temperature, pressure rise rate and temperature rise rate are compared with a preset threshold group, which includes a preset pressure threshold, a preset temperature threshold, a preset pressure rise rate threshold and a preset temperature rise rate threshold. When the pressure is not less than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature is not less than the preset temperature threshold, the preset pressure rise rate is not less than the preset pressure rise rate threshold, and the temperature rise rate is not less than the preset temperature rise rate threshold, the location of the monitoring module is determined to be an abnormal location of the tank.

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