Product quality detection equipment and detection method based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of visual inspection, in particular to product quality inspection equipment and an inspection method based on machine vision. Comprising a workbench, the workbench is provided with a support and a conveying unit, the support is provided with a detection unit, and the detection unit comprises an industrial camera which is vertically installed on the support, a fixed disc which is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the support, and a rotating disc which is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the fixed disc and is provided with a rotating motor and a plurality of lamp cylinders. The lamp cylinders are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotating disc, optical filters, upper protection plates and lower protection plates with different spectral characteristics are mounted in the lamp cylinders respectively, the upper protection plates and the lower protection plates are provided with avoiding openings in the industrial camera area, and the other areas are provided with sealing structures and jacking mechanisms which are arranged at the avoiding openings of the lower protection plates. The multi-optical-filter lamp barrel is integrated through the rotating disc and is matched with the jacking mechanism to be automatically in butt joint with the industrial camera, shutdown for film replacement is not needed, the non-working lamp barrel is sealed through the sealing structure, and dust is effectively prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of visual inspection, specifically to a product quality inspection device and method based on machine vision. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machine vision-based product quality inspection, existing equipment typically relies on a fixed light source and a single filter to image the product under test, obtaining information such as surface defects, dimensional deviations, or color anomalies. While such systems possess certain inspection capabilities in specific scenarios, their light source spectrum cannot be dynamically adjusted, making it difficult to adapt to the inspection needs of different materials, colors, or defect types. Especially in multi-variety, small-batch production environments, operators need to frequently stop the machine to change filters or adjust lighting parameters, which not only reduces inspection efficiency but also affects the system's automation and intelligence levels.

[0003] A currently disclosed Chinese patent (CN119555604A) discloses a semiconductor packaging quality visual inspection device, comprising a body, a conveying mechanism mounted on the body, and an industrial camera. A lamp is rotatably mounted on the side of the industrial camera via a device frame. A rotating disk is rotatably connected to the lamp. A side cylinder is coaxially fixed on the rotating disk. Multiple ring-shaped rotating plates are movably arranged on the outer side of the rotating disk. A lamp cover is rotatably connected to the rotating plates. A sliding frame and a telescopic rod for controlling the movement of the sliding frame are provided on the lamp. A retaining element that engages with the sliding frame is formed within the rotating plates. The groove has a corresponding transmission component for the rotating plate on the outer side of the rotating disk. When the sliding frame slides towards the side cylinder, the rotating plate first rotates away from the side cylinder under the action of the transmission component. The lampshade rotates and unfolds relative to the rotating plate under the action of gravity. When the lampshade is aligned with the lamp head of the lamp, the sliding frame presses against the inner wall of the groove, and the lamp is fitted onto the outside of the lamp head. The side end of the lamp is fixed with a frame rod that passes through the rotating disk and the side cylinder. The frame rod is equipped with an electrical control component for controlling the rotation of the side cylinder. The side of the frame rod is equipped with a limiting structure to restrict the rotating plate from rotating freely. The side of the side cylinder is equipped with a pressing structure to restrict the unfolding of the lampshade relative to the rotating plate.

[0004] The aforementioned detection device, through its rotating disk and plate design, can easily integrate multi-color LED light sources, enabling switching between various colors. However, the lampshade unfolds relative to the plate under gravity, and its unfolding angle cannot be precisely controlled. This results in a deviation in the illumination angle between the LED light source and the object under test after each switch, affecting illumination consistency and thus reducing the repeatability accuracy of visual inspection. Furthermore, unused filters are easily contaminated by dust due to prolonged exposure, leading to decreased light transmittance and impacting image quality and detection reliability.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a product quality inspection device based on machine vision that can accurately and stably switch multispectral light sources to ensure consistent illumination angles and shield non-working filters to prevent contamination and improve inspection accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a product quality inspection device based on machine vision is provided. It integrates multi-filter lamps through a rotating disk and automatically connects to an industrial camera with a lifting mechanism, eliminating the need to stop the machine to change filters. Non-working lamps are sealed by a sealed structure to effectively prevent dust.

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a product quality inspection device based on machine vision, including a worktable with a support and a conveying unit for batch product transport. A detection unit is mounted on the support, directly above the conveying unit. The detection unit includes an industrial camera vertically mounted on the support with its detection end facing downwards, a fixed disk horizontally fixed on the support, a rotating disk horizontally rotatable on the fixed disk, and a rotary motor for intermittently driving the rotating disk. Multiple lamps are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating disk, with the lower end of each lamp vertically passing through the surface of the rotating disk. In conjunction with its sliding mechanism, the rotating disk is equipped with a guide sleeve and a filter for each lamp tube position. Each lamp tube is equipped with a filter with different spectral characteristics. An upper protective plate and a lower protective plate are fixedly mounted on the bracket and located above and below the rotating disk, respectively. The upper and lower protective plates have clearance openings in the industrial camera area, and the remaining areas are equipped with sealing structures for sealing non-working lamp tubes. A lifting mechanism is located at the clearance opening of the lower protective plate and is used to push the lamp tube aligned with the industrial camera upwards so that its upper end is tightly connected with the lower end of the industrial camera and presses the filter to form a stable imaging optical path.

[0008] Preferably, the sealing structure includes an upper sealing gasket and a lower sealing gasket, which respectively abut against the upper and lower ends of the non-working lamp tube to form a closed cavity, and a rotating channel is formed between the upper and lower protective plates for the lamp tube to rotate through.

[0009] Preferably, the upper and lower sealing gaskets are respectively provided with detachable plug-in covers, and the upper and lower protective plates are respectively provided with plug-in ports that cooperate with the plug-in covers for replacing the filter.

[0010] Preferably, the lower sealing gasket and its plug-in cover are provided with a suction port for connecting an external negative pressure device to remove dust from the lower surface of the filter and inside the lamp tube.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of each lamp tube has a gradually expanding structure from top to bottom, and its upper end is provided with a step for supporting the filter.

[0012] Preferably, a compression spring is provided between the lower end of the lamp tube and the bottom of the guide sleeve to help the lamp tube maintain its falling and reset state when it is not lifted.

[0013] Preferably, the industrial camera has a ring at its lower end, and the lower surface of the ring has a rubber ring that matches the upper end of the lamp tube. When the lamp tube is lifted into position, the rubber ring is embedded in the upper end of the lamp tube and presses the filter to form a voltage stabilizing structure.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a top plate and a lifting driver connected to it in a transmission manner. Two limiting plates located at the bottom of the top plate are symmetrically arranged on the lower protective plate. The bottom of the top plate is provided with guide rods that pass through the two limiting plates and slide with them respectively. An opening for imaging light to pass through is provided in the middle of the top plate.

[0015] Preferably, a lower photoelectric sensor is provided on the outside of the guide sleeve, and an upper photoelectric sensor is provided on the industrial camera. The two work together to detect whether the lamp is accurately aligned with the optical axis of the industrial camera.

[0016] This invention also provides a product quality inspection method based on machine vision, comprising the following steps: S1. Start the rotating disk to switch the lamp tube corresponding to the target filter to be directly below the industrial camera; S2. The lifting mechanism moves to push the lamp tube aligned with the industrial camera upwards until it is tightly connected to the lower end of the industrial camera. S3. Turn on the light source, and the industrial camera will image the products on the conveyor unit through the filter. S4. After completing a batch acquisition, the lifting mechanism resets, and the lamp enters the switching state.

[0017] The advantages of this application compared to the prior art are: 1. This invention integrates multiple lamp tubes with different filters circumferentially via a rotating disk, and, in conjunction with a lifting mechanism, automatically docks the target lamp tube with an industrial camera without requiring machine downtime for filter replacement. When the lamp tube is lifted into position, its upper end tightly presses against the rubber ring at the lower end of the camera, ensuring the filter is flat and positioned, and the optical path is coaxial. Unused lamp tubes are always tightly enclosed by a sealed cavity consisting of an upper protective plate, a lower protective plate, and a sealing gasket, effectively isolating them from dust.

[0018] Meanwhile, the upper and lower photoelectric sensors work together to detect alignment accuracy, ensuring reliable switching. This enables efficient, clean, and highly repeatable switching of multispectral light sources during continuous transport and testing, improving imaging quality and the level of automation.

[0019] 2. This invention, by incorporating sealing gaskets with plug-in covers on the upper and lower protective plates and a flexible sealing strip within the annular rotating channel, dynamically seals the non-working lamp holder at any position, effectively isolating it from dust, oil, and moisture. Filter replacement is quick and easy, requiring only the removal of the plug-in cover.

[0020] Meanwhile, by connecting a negative pressure device through the suction port integrated with the lower sealing gasket, contactless dust removal can be performed on the lower surface of the filter and the inside of the lamp tube in a sealed state, avoiding a decrease in light transmittance caused by contamination. This design balances high sealing performance, convenient maintenance, and self-cleaning capabilities, improving the long-term stability and reliability of industrial cameras.

[0021] 3. This invention, through the gradually expanding structure of the inner wall of the lamp tube, ensures that the edge of the tube is always outside the field of view of the industrial camera, avoiding obstruction of the imaging area. Combined with a compression spring, this allows the lamp tube to quickly and smoothly return to its original position after lifting, ensuring smooth rotation switching and reliable sealing.

[0022] During the docking process, the rubber ring is embedded in the upper part of the lamp tube and presses the filter tightly, forming an optically sealed interface that combines voltage stabilization, positioning, and dust prevention functions. Simultaneously, the upper electromagnetic structure's magnetic attraction and the lower electromagnetic structure's magnetic repulsion work together, combined with a top plate guided by a guide rod, to achieve precise upward movement of the lamp tube. This effectively improves the light source docking accuracy and imaging stability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the detection unit of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the detection unit of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is the invention Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper and lower protective plates of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the upper and lower protective plates of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention, from a first perspective.

[0029] Figure 7This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the upper and lower protective plates of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention, from a second perspective.

[0030] Figure 8 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the top plate and lamp tube of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating disk and lamp tube of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating disk and lamp tube of a product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to the present invention.

[0033] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Support; 3. Conveying unit; 4. Detection unit; 41. Industrial camera; 411. Ring; 412. Rubber ring; 42. Fixed plate; 421. Rotary motor; 43. Rotary plate; 431. Guide sleeve; 432. Lower photoelectric sensor; 433. Upper photoelectric sensor; 44. Lamp tube; 441. Step; 442. Compression spring; 45. Filter; 5. Upper protective plate; 51. Upper sealing gasket; 511. Insertion cover; 52. Flexible sealing strip; 6. Lower protective plate; 61. Lower sealing gasket; 611. Suction port; 7. Lifting mechanism; 71. Top plate; 711. Limiting plate; 712. Guide rod; 72. Upper electromagnetic structure; 721. Fixed electromagnet; 722. Movable electromagnet; 73. Lower electromagnetic structure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] See Figures 1-5 As shown, a product quality inspection device based on machine vision includes a workbench 1, a support 2 and a conveying unit 3 for batch conveying products on the workbench 1, and an inspection unit 4 located directly above the conveying unit 3 on the support 2.

[0036] The detection unit 4 includes: Industrial camera 41 is vertically mounted on bracket 2 with its detection end facing downwards.

[0037] The fixed plate 42 is horizontally fixed on the bracket 2.

[0038] The rotating disk 43 is horizontally mounted on the fixed disk 42 and is equipped with a rotary motor 421 for driving the rotating disk 43 to rotate intermittently.

[0039] Multiple lamp tubes 44 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating disk 43. The lower end of each lamp tube 44 passes vertically through the surface of the rotating disk 43 and slides with it. The rotating disk 43 is provided with a guide sleeve 431 corresponding to the position of each lamp tube 44.

[0040] Filter 45, each lamp tube 44 is equipped with a filter 45 with different spectral characteristics.

[0041] In this embodiment, the bracket 2 is further provided with an upper protective plate 5 and a lower protective plate 6, located above and below the rotating disk 43. The upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6 have clearance openings in the area of ​​the industrial camera 41, and the remaining areas are provided with sealing structures for sealing the non-working lamp tube 44. The lifting mechanism 7 is provided at the clearance opening of the lower protective plate 6, and is used to push the lamp tube 44 aligned with the industrial camera 41 upward, so that its upper end is tightly connected with the lower end of the industrial camera 41, and presses the filter 45 to form a stable imaging optical path.

[0042] During the inspection process, the conveying unit 3 continuously and in batches delivers the products to be inspected into the inspection area. When the product moves directly below the industrial camera 41, the system starts the rotary motor 421 according to the preset inspection requirements, driving the rotating disk 43 to rotate intermittently, so that the lamps 44, which are evenly distributed on the rotating disk 43, rotate to the alignment position directly below the industrial camera 41. At this time, the axis of the lamp 44 coincides with the optical axis of the industrial camera 41.

[0043] Subsequently, the lifting mechanism 7, located at the clearance opening of the lower protective plate 6, is activated, pushing the aligned lamp tube 44 upward along its slidingly fitted guide sleeve 431. During its ascent, the lamp tube 44 passes through the channel of the rotating disk 43, its upper end gradually approaching the lower end of the industrial camera 41. Once the upper end of the lamp tube 44 contacts the lower end of the industrial camera 41, it continues to move upward to ensure a tight connection between the two, simultaneously pressing down the filter 45 inside the lamp tube 44 to ensure it is in a stable and flat imaging optical path, thereby creating highly consistent lighting and imaging conditions.

[0044] In this state, the light source is turned on, and the light passes through the filter 45 to illuminate the surface of the product on the conveyor unit 3 below. The industrial camera 41 then acquires image information modulated with a specific spectrum for subsequent defect identification or quality judgment. After completing the image acquisition of one or a batch of products, the lifting mechanism 7 resets, and the lamp tube 44 returns to its initial position, disengaging from the docking state with the industrial camera 41.

[0045] Subsequently, if it is necessary to switch the detection mode, such as for different materials or defect types, the rotary table 43 rotates again to switch the next lamp tube 44 equipped with different filters 45 to the alignment station, and repeat the above lifting, docking, and imaging process.

[0046] Throughout the process, the remaining lamp tubes 44 that are not in operation are always sealed by the sealing structures on the upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6, effectively isolating them from external dust and pollution, and ensuring the light transmission performance of the filter 45 and the long-term reliability of the system. This achieves automatic, precise, sealed switching and efficient imaging of multispectral light sources.

[0047] See Figures 8-10 As shown, the sealing structure includes an upper sealing gasket 51 and a lower sealing gasket 61, which respectively abut against the upper and lower ends of the non-working lamp tube 44 to form a closed cavity. A rotating channel is formed between the upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6 for the lamp tube 44 to rotate through.

[0048] The rotating channel is provided with a flexible sealing strip 52 that is continuously connected to the upper sealing gasket 51 and the lower sealing gasket 61, which is used to maintain a dynamic seal on the non-working lamp tube 44 during the rotation of the rotating disk 43.

[0049] During the testing process, when the rotating disk 43 drives multiple lamp tubes 44 to rotate to switch different filters 45, only the lamp tube 44 aligned with the industrial camera 41 is in the working position and is pushed up by the lifting mechanism 7, while the remaining lamp tubes 44 remain in the non-working state. At this time, the upper and lower ends of these non-working lamp tubes 44 are tightly abutted by the upper sealing gasket 51 and lower sealing gasket 61 on the upper protective plate 5 and lower protective plate 6, respectively, forming an independent closed cavity, effectively isolating external dust, oil, or moisture from entering the lamp tube 44 and preventing the filter 45 from being contaminated or its performance from degrading.

[0050] Meanwhile, the annular rotating channel formed between the upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6 provides space for the circumferential movement of the lamp tube 44. The flexible sealing strip 52 installed in this channel is connected to the upper sealing gasket 51 and the lower sealing gasket 61, and always fits against the upper and lower ends of the lamp tube 44 during the rotation of the rotating disk 43, achieving dynamic sealing. This does not hinder the smooth switching of the lamp tube 44 with the rotating disk 43, and ensures that the non-working lamp tube 44 is in a sealed and protected state at any rotation angle.

[0051] See Figures 5-8 As shown, the upper sealing gasket 51 and the lower sealing gasket 61 are respectively provided with detachable plug-in covers 511, and the upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6 are provided with plug-in ports that cooperate with the plug-in covers 511 for replacing the filter 45.

[0052] When the filter 45 needs to be replaced, the operator first stops the equipment and rotates the target lamp tube 44 to a position convenient for maintenance. Then, the operator pulls out the plug-in cover 511 on the upper sealing gasket 51 upwards and the plug-in cover 511 on the lower sealing gasket 61 downwards. At this point, the plug-in cover 511 detaches from the corresponding plug-in ports on the upper protective plate 5 and the lower protective plate 6, exposing the opening areas at the upper and lower ends of the lamp tube 44. The original filter 45 inside the lamp tube 44 can then be removed and a new filter 45 installed.

[0053] After replacement, reinsert the plug-in cover 511 into the plug-in port to restore the seal to the lamp holder 44. The entire replacement process does not require disassembling the protective plate or the lamp holder 44, making the operation simple and quick.

[0054] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the lower sealing gasket 61 and its plug-in cover 511 are provided with a suction port 611 for connecting an external negative pressure device to remove dust from the lower surface of the filter 45 and the inside of the lamp tube 44.

[0055] During routine maintenance, the external negative pressure device is connected via piping to the suction port 611 on the lower sealing gasket 61 and its plug-in cover 511. When the target lamp tube 44 is in a non-operating state and sealed by the lower sealing gasket 61, the negative pressure device is activated, creating a negative pressure environment inside the lamp tube 44 and the enclosed cavity containing the lower surface of the filter 45. Under this negative pressure, dust and particles adhering to the lower surface of the filter 45 and the inner wall of the lamp tube 44 are actively sucked out of the cavity, thereby achieving contactless cleaning of the optical components and effectively ensuring the transmittance and detection accuracy of the imaging optical path.

[0056] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figures 8-10 As shown, the inner wall of each lamp tube 44 has a gradually expanding structure from top to bottom, and its upper end is provided with a step 441 for supporting the filter 45.

[0057] The inner wall of each lamp tube 44 is designed with a gradually expanding structure from top to bottom, meaning the inner diameter gradually increases from top to bottom. This ensures that the edge of the tube wall is always outside the field of view of the industrial camera 41, without obstructing or interfering with the effective visual imaging range, maintaining high-precision, unobstructed visual inspection performance.

[0058] See Figures 8-10 As shown, a compression spring 442 is provided between the lower end of the lamp tube 44 and the bottom of the guide sleeve 431 to help the lamp tube 44 maintain its falling and reset state when it is not lifted.

[0059] During the testing process, once a lamp 44 completes its imaging task, the lifting mechanism 7 retracts, at which point the lamp 44 loses its upward thrust. Because a compression spring 442 is provided between the lower end of the lamp 44 and the bottom of the guide sleeve 431, the spring 442 is compressed during the lifting process, storing elastic potential energy. Once the lifting force is removed, this energy is released, propelling the lamp 44 to quickly and smoothly descend and reset along the guide sleeve 431.

[0060] This reset action ensures that the lamp holder 44 reliably returns to its initial low position, disengaging its upper end from the docking state with the industrial camera 41, providing ample space for the rotary table 43 to switch again. This ensures that the lamp holder 44 remains stably within the sealed structure during each non-operating state, maintaining a good dustproof seal.

[0061] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the industrial camera 41 has a ring 411 at its lower end. The lower surface of the ring 411 has a rubber ring 412 that is adapted to the upper port of the lamp tube 44. When the lamp tube 44 is lifted into position, the rubber ring 412 is embedded in the upper end of the lamp tube 44 and presses the filter 45 to form a voltage stabilizing structure.

[0062] As the lamp tube 44 is pushed upward by the lifting mechanism 7 to align with the industrial camera 41, its upper end gradually approaches the ring 411 at the lower end of the industrial camera 41. When the lamp tube 44 continues to rise to the predetermined position, the rubber ring 412 on the lower surface of the ring 411 is precisely embedded in the upper end of the lamp tube 44 and tightly adheres to the upper surface of the filter 45, applying a uniform and controllable clamping force to it. This clamping action firmly positions the filter 45 on the step 441 inside the lamp tube 44, preventing it from shifting or tilting due to vibration or airflow disturbance during the detection process.

[0063] Meanwhile, the rubber ring 412, with its elastic deformation capability, forms a sealing interface to prevent external dust from entering the imaging optical path, thus constituting a reliable optical docking structure that combines positioning, pressure stabilization and sealing functions.

[0064] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the lifting mechanism 7 includes a top plate 71 and a lifting driver connected to it. Two limiting plates 711 are symmetrically arranged on the lower protective plate 6 at the bottom of the top plate 71. The bottom of the top plate 71 is provided with guide rods 712 that pass through the two limiting plates 711 and slide with them. The top plate 71 has an opening in the middle for imaging light to pass through.

[0065] The lifting driver includes an upper electromagnetic structure 72 and a lower electromagnetic structure 73, which respectively include a fixed electromagnet 721 and a movable electromagnet 722. The movable electromagnet 722 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lamp tube 44 and the bottom of the top plate 71, respectively. The fixed electromagnet 721 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the ring 411 and the bottom of the limiting plate 711.

[0066] When the upper electromagnetic structure 72 and the lower electromagnetic structure 73 are energized, they generate magnetic attraction and repulsion respectively. The top plate 71 achieves vertical guidance and sliding through the guide rods 712 that pass through the limit plates 711 on both sides at its bottom, synchronously driving the lamp tube 44 to move upward and tightly connect with the rubber ring 412.

[0067] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a lower photoelectric sensor 432 is provided on the outside of the guide sleeve 431, and an upper photoelectric sensor 433 is provided on the industrial camera 41. The two work together to detect whether the lamp tube 44 is accurately aligned with the optical axis of the industrial camera 41.

[0068] When the rotating disk 43 drives the lamp tube 44 to rotate to the target work position, if the lamp tube 44 is precisely aligned with the optical axis of the industrial camera 41, the lower photoelectric sensor 432 fixed on the outside of the guide sleeve 431 and the upper photoelectric sensor 433 set on the industrial camera 41 are exactly on the same vertical axis, and the transmitting end and receiving end of the two are aligned with each other, forming a stable photoelectric signal path.

[0069] At this time, the upper photoelectric sensor 433 and the lower photoelectric sensor 432 simultaneously output alignment signals. Based on these signals, the control system confirms that the lamp tube 44 is accurately coaxially aligned with the optical axis of the industrial camera 41, allowing the lifting mechanism 7 to start. If the lamp tube 44 is offset, the two sensors cannot sense effectively at the same time, resulting in signal interruption or mismatch. The system determines this as misalignment and prohibits the lifting action, thereby ensuring high-precision coaxial positioning of the light source before each docking.

[0070] A machine vision-based product quality inspection method, applied to the aforementioned product quality inspection equipment, includes the following steps: S1. Start the rotating disk 43 to rotate, and switch the lamp tube 44 corresponding to the target filter 45 to be directly below the industrial camera 41. S2, the lifting mechanism 7 operates, pushing the lamp tube 44, which is aligned with the industrial camera 41, upward until it is tightly connected with the lower end of the industrial camera 41. S3. Turn on the light source, and the industrial camera 41 uses the filter 45 to image the product on the conveyor unit 3. S4. After completing a batch acquisition, the lifting mechanism 7 is reset, and the lamp tube 44 enters the switching state.

[0071] This invention integrates multiple lamp tubes 44 with different filters 45 circumferentially via a rotating disk 43. Combined with a lifting mechanism 7 driven by an electromagnetic drive and guided by a guide rod 712, it achieves automatic and precise docking between the target lamp tube 44 and the industrial camera 41, eliminating the need for machine downtime to replace the filters 45. During docking, a rubber ring 412 embeds into the upper end of the lamp tube 44 and presses the filters 45 together, forming an optically sealed interface that integrates voltage stabilization, positioning, and dust prevention. The inner wall of the lamp tube 44 adopts a gradually expanding structure to ensure that the edge of the tube remains outside the camera's field of view, preventing image obstruction.

[0072] The non-working lamp holder 44 is tightly enclosed by a dynamic sealed cavity consisting of an upper protective plate 5, a lower protective plate 6, a sealing gasket with a plug-in cover 511, and a flexible sealing strip 52, effectively isolating dust, oil, and moisture. Replacing the filter 45 only requires plugging and unplugging the plug-in cover 511, making operation convenient. It is connected to a negative pressure device via a suction port 611 integrated into the lower sealing gasket 61, achieving contactless dust removal in a sealed state.

[0073] Meanwhile, the upper photoelectric sensor 433 and the lower photoelectric sensor 432 work together to verify alignment accuracy, and the compression spring 442 ensures reliable reset of the lamp tube 44. The overall structure achieves efficient and clean switching of multispectral light sources, improving imaging quality and the level of automation in detection.

[0074] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A product quality inspection device based on machine vision, comprising a workbench (1), wherein the workbench (1) is provided with a support (2) and a conveying unit (3) for batch conveying products. Its features are, The support (2) is provided with a detection unit (4) located directly above the conveying unit (3), and the detection unit (4) includes: An industrial camera (41) is vertically mounted on a bracket (2) with its detection end facing downwards; The fixed plate (42) is horizontally fixed on the bracket (2); A rotating disk (43) is horizontally mounted on a fixed disk (42) and is equipped with a rotary motor (421) for driving the rotating disk (43) to rotate intermittently. Multiple lamp tubes (44) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating disk (43). The lower end of each lamp tube (44) passes vertically through the surface of the rotating disk (43) and slides with it. The rotating disk (43) is provided with a guide sleeve (431) corresponding to the position of each lamp tube (44). Filters (45), each lamp tube (44) is equipped with filters (45) with different spectral characteristics; The upper protective plate (5) and the lower protective plate (6) are respectively fixed on the bracket (2) and located above and below the rotating disk (43). The upper protective plate (5) and the lower protective plate (6) have a clearance opening in the industrial camera (41) area and a sealing structure for sealing the non-working lamp tube (44) in the other areas. The lifting mechanism (7) is located at the clearance opening of the lower protective plate (6) and is used to push the lamp tube (44) aligned with the industrial camera (41) upward so that its upper end is tightly connected with the lower end of the industrial camera (41) and press the filter (45) to form a stable imaging light path.

2. The product quality inspection equipment based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing structure includes an upper sealing gasket (51) and a lower sealing gasket (61), which respectively abut against the upper and lower ends of the non-working lamp tube (44) to form a closed cavity. A rotating channel is formed between the upper protective plate (5) and the lower protective plate (6) for the lamp tube (44) to rotate through.

3. The product quality inspection equipment based on machine vision according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper sealing gasket (51) and the lower sealing gasket (61) are respectively provided with detachable plug-in covers (511), and the upper protective plate (5) and the lower protective plate (6) are provided with plug-in ports that cooperate with the plug-in covers (511) for replacing the filter (45).

4. The product quality inspection equipment based on machine vision according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower sealing gasket (61) and its plug-in cover (511) are provided with a suction port (611) for connecting an external negative pressure device to remove dust from the lower surface of the filter (45) and inside the lamp tube (44).

5. A product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each lamp tube (44) has a gradually expanding inner wall structure from top to bottom, and its upper end is provided with a step (441) for supporting the filter (45).

6. The product quality inspection equipment based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, A compression spring (442) is provided between the lower end of the lamp tube (44) and the bottom of the guide sleeve (431) to assist the lamp tube (44) in maintaining its falling and reset state when it is not lifted.

7. The product quality inspection equipment based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial camera (41) is provided with a ring (411) at the lower end. The lower surface of the ring (411) is provided with a rubber ring (412) that is adapted to the upper port of the lamp tube (44). When the lamp tube (44) is lifted into place, the rubber ring (412) is embedded in the upper end of the lamp tube (44) and presses the filter (45) to form a voltage stabilizing structure.

8. A product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (7) includes a top plate (71) and a lifting driver connected to it. Two limiting plates (711) are symmetrically arranged on the lower protective plate (6) at the bottom of the top plate (71). The bottom of the top plate (71) is provided with guide rods (712) that pass through the two limiting plates (711) and slide with them. The top plate (71) has an opening in the middle for imaging light to pass through.

9. A product quality inspection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide sleeve (431) is provided with a lower photoelectric sensor (432) on the outside, and the industrial camera (41) is provided with an upper photoelectric sensor (433). The two work together to detect whether the lamp tube (44) is accurately aligned with the optical axis of the industrial camera (41).

10. A product quality inspection method based on machine vision, applied to a product quality inspection device based on machine vision as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the rotating disk (43) to rotate and switch the lamp tube (44) corresponding to the target filter (45) to be directly below the industrial camera (41); S2, the lifting mechanism (7) moves to push the lamp tube (44) aligned with the industrial camera (41) upwards until it is tightly connected to the lower end of the industrial camera (41); S3. Turn on the light source and the industrial camera (41) uses the filter (45) to image the product on the conveying unit (3); S4. After completing a batch acquisition, the lifting mechanism (7) is reset and the lamp tube (44) enters the switching state.

Images