Satellite communication module

Abstract

The invention provides a satellite communication module. The satellite communication module comprises a baseband unit, a radio frequency transceiving unit, a clock unit and an interface unit, the baseband unit executes a baseband signal and protocol processing function and an external interface communication function; the radio frequency transceiving unit executes conversion processing between a baseband signal and a radio frequency signal and up-down conversion processing of the signal; the clock unit provides clock data; the interface unit performs interface conversion and data communication processing with devices outside the module; the satellite communication module compares the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through a decision engine, and switches the communication mode according to the comparison result; light weight and intelligentization are realized, and switching time delay is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to satellite communication modules. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of global satellite communication systems, heterogeneous networks such as geostationary orbit satellites, medium orbit satellites, and low orbit satellites coexist, and satellite communication frequency bands are gradually expanding towards multi-mode integration. Terminal equipment needs to have multi-mode compatibility capabilities to dynamically adapt to different satellite systems and frequency band resources, meeting the requirements of full coverage and high-reliability communication.

[0003] Traditional communication modules often employ a single-standard design or achieve multi-mode support by stacking multiple independent baseband and radio frequency modules, resulting in bulky equipment, soaring power consumption, and high costs. In addition, the switching efficiency between heterogeneous networks is low, satellite standard switching relies on manual configuration, and frequency band switching latency can reach hundreds of milliseconds, making it difficult to meet the real-time requirements of scenarios such as aircraft flying across regions and emergency disaster relief. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is an overview of the topics described in detail in this article.

[0005] The purpose of this application is to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the related technologies. The embodiments of this application provide a satellite communication module that can reduce handover latency.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this application, a satellite communication module includes: a baseband unit, a radio frequency transceiver unit, a clock unit, and an interface unit; the radio frequency transceiver unit, the clock unit, and the interface unit are connected to the baseband unit. The baseband unit is used to perform baseband signal and protocol processing functions as well as external interface communication functions; The radio frequency transceiver unit is used to perform conversion processing between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, as well as up-conversion and down-conversion processing of signals; The clock unit is used to provide clock data; The interface unit is used for interface conversion and data communication processing with external devices of the module; The satellite communication module compares the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through a decision engine, and switches the communication mode based on the comparison result.

[0007] According to certain embodiments of this application, the radio frequency transceiver unit includes a transceiver unit and a radio frequency front end; The transceiver unit is used to down-convert the received signal and perform analog-to-digital conversion before sending it to the baseband unit, and to perform digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion on the baseband signal before sending it to the radio frequency front end. The radio frequency front end is used to perform transmit and receive conditioning, filtering, and power monitoring operations for received signals and baseband signals.

[0008] According to certain embodiments of this application, the satellite communication module further includes a security unit connected to the baseband unit; the security unit is used to provide encryption and decryption processing for the signal.

[0009] According to certain embodiments of this application, the satellite communication module is configured with a protocol stack functional module; The protocol stack functional module divides communication functions into multiple layers, including the application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, and physical layer interface. The application layer is used to provide an interface between applications and the network; The transport layer is used for end-to-end data transmission, performing data segmentation, flow control, and error recovery operations; The network layer is used to process data packet routing and addressing, and to perform cross-network data forwarding and logical address management operations; The data link layer is used to manage point-to-point data transmission, and to perform frame encapsulation, MAC address addressing, flow control, error detection, and switching between broadcast channels and data channels. The physical layer interface is used to interact with the physical layer hardware and transmit modulated signal parameters and receiver sensitivity configuration.

[0010] According to certain embodiments of this application, the satellite communication module is configured with a physical layer control module; the physical layer control module is used to perform modulation and demodulation operations, channel management operations, coding and error correction operations, and radio frequency parameter control operations; The modulation and demodulation operation involves selecting a target modulation method, analyzing signal frequency changes at the receiving end, and restoring the bit stream. The channel management operation is adaptive frequency hopping, which dynamically allocates time and frequency resources; The encoding and error correction operations are data encoding, and the encoding rate is dynamically adjusted according to the channel quality. The radio frequency parameter control operations include adjusting the transmit power, balancing communication distance and energy consumption, and frequency calibration.

[0011] According to certain embodiments of this application, the communication modes include cellular network communication, low-Earth orbit satellite communication, and Tiantong satellite communication; the step of comparing the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through a decision engine, and switching the communication mode according to the comparison result, includes: A first comparison result is obtained by comparing the signal state corresponding to cellular network communication with the threshold data corresponding to cellular network communication, and other communication modes other than cellular network communication are switched according to the first comparison result. A second comparison result is obtained by comparing the signal status corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication with the threshold data corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication. Other communication modes other than low-Earth orbit satellite communication are then switched according to the second comparison result. The signal status corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication is compared with the threshold data corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication to obtain a third comparison result. Based on the third comparison result, other communication modes other than Tiantong satellite communication are switched.

[0012] According to certain embodiments of this application, the decision engine includes a perception layer, a decision layer, and an execution layer; The perception layer is used to extract standardized state features for decision-making based on multiple data sources, including user context, network state, environmental context, and business requirements. The decision layer is used to select the optimal switching strategy by a deep reinforcement learning-based agent to make multi-objective decision trade-offs based on standardized state features, and to obtain action instructions based on the optimal switching strategy. The execution layer is used to receive action instructions from the decision layer, initiate a handover process to the terminal and network side through standard network protocols, use the network performance results after the handover as environmental feedback, generate rewards, and send them to the decision layer and perception layer.

[0013] According to certain embodiments of this application, the reward is a weighted sum of throughput, latency, connection interruption, network cost, and ping-pong handover count.

[0014] According to certain embodiments of this application, when the satellite communication module performs voice services, in the uplink voice service, the baseband unit receives voice data sent by the external audio unit, the baseband unit modulates the voice data into a baseband signal, and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit; the baseband unit configures the operating mode of the transceiver unit, switches the RF front-end switch, the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal, and outputs it to the RF connector for antenna transmission; In downlink voice services, the radio frequency signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the radio frequency connector. The radio frequency front end amplifies and filters the radio frequency signal. The transceiver unit converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into voice data and sends the voice data to the external audio unit.

[0015] According to certain embodiments of this application, when the satellite communication module performs data services, in the uplink data service, the baseband unit receives service data sent by the external AP processor, the baseband unit modulates the service data into a baseband signal, and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit; the baseband unit configures the working mode of the transceiver unit, switches the RF front-end switch, and after the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal and outputs it to the RF connector for antenna transmission; In downlink data services, the radio frequency (RF) signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the RF connector. The RF front end amplifies and filters the RF signal, and the transceiver unit converts the RF signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into service data and sends the service data to the external AP processor.

[0016] The above-mentioned solution has at least the following beneficial effects: it realizes key technologies such as multi-mode hardware reuse and rapid cross-standard signaling parsing, supporting nanosecond-level RF handover and millisecond-level protocol reconfiguration. By introducing an intelligent decision engine based on deep reinforcement learning, it achieves real-time prediction of cellular network and satellite network status and optimization of handover strategies, reducing handover latency. This will drive the evolution of multi-mode terminals towards lightweight and intelligent designs, providing key hardware support for integrated air-space-ground networks. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an architecture diagram of a satellite communication module; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the steps for switching communication modes; Figure 3 This is the architecture diagram of the intelligent decision-making engine; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the training process for deep reinforcement learning; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication module; Figure 6 This is the architecture diagram of the baseband unit; Figure 7 This is the architecture diagram of the radio frequency transceiver unit; Figure 8 This is a diagram of the power supply architecture; Figure 9 This is the architecture diagram of the clock unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0021] The embodiments of this application provide satellite communication modules that are applicable to various scenarios such as vehicles, ships, drones, and smart terminals.

[0022] The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The satellite communication module includes: a baseband unit, a radio frequency transceiver unit, a clock unit, a security unit, an interface unit, a storage unit, and a power supply; the radio frequency transceiver unit, clock unit, security unit, interface unit, and storage unit are connected to the baseband unit.

[0024] Adopting modular, standardized, and universal design principles and following platform-based design standards, it can achieve multi-mode rapid switching and converged communication between high-orbit satellites, low-orbit satellites, and cellular networks, fully ensuring the continuity, efficiency, and reliability of the communication module in complex and extreme scenarios.

[0025] The baseband unit is the core component of the module, used to perform baseband signal and protocol processing functions as well as external interface communication functions.

[0026] The radio frequency (RF) transceiver unit (RTU) performs conversion between baseband and RF signals, as well as up-conversion and down-conversion. The RTU includes a transceiver unit and an RF front-end. The transceiver unit performs the conversion between baseband digital signals and RF analog signals, including modulation / demodulation, local oscillator control, baseband filtering, and digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion. It down-converts the received signal and performs analog-to-digital conversion before sending it to the baseband unit, and performs digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion on the baseband signal before sending it to the RF front-end. The RF front-end performs transceiver conditioning, filtering, and power monitoring operations for both received and baseband signals.

[0027] The clock unit is used to provide clock data, providing the module with a working clock and a sleep clock.

[0028] The storage unit is responsible for the data caching and storage of the baseband chip, including devices such as DDR3 and NOR FLASH.

[0029] The security unit is used to provide encryption and decryption processing for signals.

[0030] The interface unit is used for interface conversion and data communication processing with external devices of the module, and completes the interface conversion and data communication functions with the main control unit, audio unit, SIM card and security card of the module.

[0031] The power supply is responsible for receiving external system power input and converting it into the power required for the operation of each unit within the module.

[0032] The satellite communication module compares the signal status corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through the decision engine, and switches the communication mode according to the comparison result.

[0033] The satellite communication module is equipped with protocol stack software, physical layer software and multi-mode fusion software, which correspond to the protocol stack function module, physical layer control module and multi-mode fusion module, respectively.

[0034] For the protocol stack functional modules, the communication functions are divided into multiple layers, following the layered design concept (OSI model). These multiple layers include the application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, and physical layer interface. Each layer is responsible for specific tasks and interacts with the upper and lower layers through standard interfaces.

[0035] The application layer provides the interface between applications and the network; it supports application protocols such as HTTP and MQTT, and implements data encapsulation and user interaction. Functional interfaces, such as data sending and network configuration, are called via APIs.

[0036] The transport layer is used for end-to-end data transmission, including TCP (connection-oriented) and UDP (connectionless) protocols, and performs data segmentation, flow control, and error recovery operations.

[0037] The network layer is used to handle packet routing and addressing, supports the IP protocol, and performs data forwarding and logical address management operations across networks.

[0038] The data link layer is used to manage point-to-point data transmission, perform frame encapsulation, MAC address addressing, flow control, error detection (such as CRC check), and switching between broadcast and data channels; The physical layer interface is used to interact with the physical layer hardware and transmit modulated signal parameters (such as frequency offset and power) and receiver sensitivity configuration.

[0039] The physical layer control module directly controls the radio frequency (RF) hardware, responsible for converting digital signals into electromagnetic wave signals and ensuring their reliable transmission through the physical medium. The physical layer control module performs modulation and demodulation operations, channel management operations, coding and error correction operations, and RF parameter control operations.

[0040] The modulation and demodulation operations involve selecting the target modulation method, analyzing signal frequency changes at the receiver, and restoring the bit stream. The channel management operations involve adaptive frequency hopping, dynamically allocating time and frequency resources, avoiding interfering channels, and improving anti-interference capabilities. The coding and error correction operations involve data coding, dynamically adjusting the coding rate according to channel quality, reducing the bit error rate, and improving the reliability of long-distance communication. The radio frequency parameter control operations involve adjusting the transmit power, balancing communication distance and energy consumption, and performing parameter control such as frequency calibration.

[0041] For the multi-mode fusion module, the decision engine compares the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode, and switches the communication mode based on the comparison result. It should be noted that high-orbit and low-orbit satellite communication resources are currently relatively scarce, so in most urban scenarios, multi-mode fusion communication mainly relies on terrestrial cellular networks. However, in special scenarios, when a terminal equipped with a multi-mode module moves towards the coverage boundary of the terrestrial cellular network, the signal strength of the terrestrial cellular network continuously decreases. When the signal strength drops to a certain level, it is insufficient to support normal communication of the module, at which point the communication module needs to switch communication modes.

[0042] The communication modes include cellular network communication, low-Earth orbit satellite communication, and Tiantong satellite communication. The multi-mode fusion module compares the signal status corresponding to cellular network communication with the threshold data corresponding to cellular network communication to obtain a first comparison result, and switches to other communication modes other than cellular network communication based on the first comparison result; compares the signal status corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication with the threshold data corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication to obtain a second comparison result, and switches to other communication modes other than low-Earth orbit satellite communication based on the second comparison result; compares the signal status corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication with the threshold data corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication to obtain a third comparison result, and switches to other communication modes other than Tiantong satellite communication based on the third comparison result.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 For example, this is implemented by real-time monitoring of the power intensity of communication signals from various standards such as cellular, Skycom, and LEO. Assuming the initial state is a connection to a terrestrial cellular network, the module's signal monitoring module monitors the current signal status in real time. When the detected cellular network signal is below the power threshold P required for normal cellular operation... cncIf the signal strength is below the normal operating power threshold P, the module will request low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite signal access; otherwise, it will maintain the current connection. After LEO satellite signal access, the module's signal monitoring module will continue to monitor the current signal status. lc If the signal strength is below the normal operating power threshold P, the module will request Tiantong satellite signal access; otherwise, it will maintain the current connection. After accessing the Tiantong satellite signal, the module will continuously monitor the current signal status. SC If the connection is not specified, a cellular network access request is made; otherwise, the current connection is maintained, and this process repeats continuously. Users can also configure the terminal settings to select the access priority and order of cellular, LOR, and Tiantong modes based on the actual scenario, ensuring the multi-mode module operates at its optimal state.

[0044] Based on this, an intelligent decision engine based on deep reinforcement learning is introduced to realize real-time prediction of the status of cellular networks and satellite networks and optimization of switching strategies.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 The decision engine consists of a perception layer, a decision layer, and an execution layer.

[0046] The perception layer extracts standardized state features for decision-making from multiple data sources, including user context, network status, environmental context, and service requirements, such as high-orbit signals, low-orbit signals, cellular signals, network load, user information, and service QoS requirements. The perception layer collects multi-source data, fuses and preprocesses the collected data, and extracts advanced state features. Ultimately, the perception layer outputs a highly condensed and information-rich unified state vector S_t, which integrates comprehensive information from user context, network status, environmental context, and service requirements, providing the decision-making layer with comprehensive situational awareness.

[0047] The state feature extractor normalizes, correlates temporal data, and reduces feature dimensionality from multi-source data to extract the state vector S_t.

[0048] The state S_t is a multi-dimensional vector that can comprehensively characterize the system environment: S_t = [U_t, N_sat_t, N_ter_t, H_t]; Wherein, U_t: user context, such as location, speed, and service QoS requirements.

[0049] N_sat_t: Satellite network status, such as visible satellite ID, SNR, link delay, and satellite load.

[0050] N_ter_t: Terrestrial network status, such as neighboring cell RSRP / RSRQ, cell load, and available spectrum.

[0051] H_t: Historical state information, used to capture dynamic trends.

[0052] The decision layer is used to make multi-objective decision trade-offs based on standardized state features by a deep reinforcement learning-based agent, select the optimal switching strategy, and obtain action instructions based on the optimal switching strategy.

[0053] Intelligent agents consist of policy networks and value networks.

[0054] For example, an advanced DRL algorithm is employed to make multi-objective decision trade-offs based on the fused data input from the perception layer. In an Actor-Critic format, the Actor is responsible for executing actions based on the current state, while the Critic is responsible for evaluating the value of the current state and guiding the Actor's updates. This generates the optimal action vector A_t, representing the switching decision (e.g., "maintain current connection", "switch to satellite network A", "switch to terrestrial network B").

[0055] Action A_t defines the decisions that the agent can make: A_t ∈ { Stay, Handover_to_Satellite_A, Handover_to_Terrestrial_B, ...}.

[0056] Reference Figure 4 Specifically, the training process of deep reinforcement learning is as follows: initialize DRL parameters, loop: Episode=1 to N, observe the state S_t from the environment, the agent selects the optimal action vector A_t (with exploration noise) according to the environment state S_t, executes the action, obtains reward R_{t+1} and the next state S_{t+1}, stores the experience (S, A, R, S') in the replay buffer, samples small batches of data from the buffer, updates the Critic and Actor network parameters, and updates the perception parameters.

[0057] To handle the joint optimization of network selection and resource allocation, the action space can be extended to a hybrid discrete-continuous space.

[0058] The execution layer receives action instructions from the decision-making layer, initiates a handover process to the terminal and network side through standard network protocols, uses the network performance results after the handover as environmental feedback, generates rewards, and sends them to the decision-making layer and the perception layer.

[0059] The execution layer executes policies (i.e., action instructions) on the environment, including generating handover commands, signaling interaction, and connection migration. The environment is a space-ground integrated network, which includes high-orbit networks, low-orbit networks, and cellular networks.

[0060] The network performance results after the handover (such as achieved throughput and handover delay) are used as environmental feedback to form a reward, which is then sent back to the decision-making and perception layers. After the handover action is executed, the execution layer closely monitors its results. It collects key performance indicators, such as actual handover time, whether the handover was successful, the instantaneous throughput after the handover, and the signal quality of the new link. These results are quantified and combined into a reward signal R_t, which, along with the new network state S_{t+1}, is fed back to the DRL agent in the decision-making layer. This feedback loop is the root of the agent's ability to continuously learn and self-optimize.

[0061] The reward function R_t is a weighted sum: R_t = w1*R_throughput + w2*R_latency + w3*R_reliability - w4*R_cost - w5*R_pingpong.

[0062] R_throughput: rewards high throughput, such as log(achieved_data_rate).

[0063] R_latency: Penalizes high latency, e.g., -latency.

[0064] R_reliability: Penalizes connection interruptions, for example, by giving a large negative reward when an interruption occurs.

[0065] R_cost: Penalizes the use of high-cost networks (such as satellite links).

[0066] R_pingpong: Punishes frequent pingpong switching to maintain connection stability.

[0067] The weights w1 to w5 can be dynamically adjusted according to different business scenarios (such as "emergency communication mode" and "low-cost IoT mode").

[0068] The satellite communication module needs to realize voice, data / SMS service functions that integrate 4G-LTE, LEO and Tiantong multi-mode fusion.

[0069] For voice services, when the satellite communication module is conducting voice services, in uplink voice services, the baseband unit receives voice data sent by the external audio unit, modulates the voice data into a baseband signal, and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit. The baseband unit configures the transceiver unit's operating mode and switches the RF front-end switch. After the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal and outputs it to the RF connector for antenna transmission. In downlink voice services, the RF signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the RF connector. The RF front-end amplifies and filters the RF signal, and the transceiver unit converts the RF signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into voice data and sends the voice data to the external audio unit.

[0070] Specifically, when the module performs uplink voice services, the externally connected audio unit receives the analog voice signal, converts it into PCM format voice data, and transmits it to the baseband chip. The baseband chip internally encodes the data and modulates it into an IQ baseband digital signal, which is then transmitted to the RF transceiver chip via the DigRF interface. Simultaneously, the baseband chip configures the RF transceiver chip's operating mode based on whether it is currently in L or S mode, switching the RF front-end switch. The RF transceiver chip converts the IQ data into an RF signal, which is then filtered by a SAW filter, amplified by a PA, and output to the RF connector before being transmitted from the antenna to the satellite. When the module performs downlink voice services, the RF signal received from the antenna is input to the module through the RF connector. After being amplified by an LNA and filtered by a SAW filter, it enters the RF transceiver chip, is converted into IQ baseband data, and transmitted to the baseband chip via the DigRF interface. The baseband chip demodulates the data, decodes it, converts it into PCM format data, and sends it to the external audio unit via the PCM interface for conversion into an analog voice signal.

[0071] For data services, when the satellite communication module is performing data services, in uplink data services, the baseband unit receives service data sent by the external electronic processing unit (AP). The baseband unit modulates the service data into a baseband signal and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit. The baseband unit configures the transceiver unit's operating mode and switches the RF front-end switch. After the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal before outputting it to the RF connector for antenna transmission. In downlink data services, the RF signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the RF connector. The RF front-end amplifies and filters the RF signal, and the transceiver unit converts the RF signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into service data, which is then sent to the external AP processor.

[0072] Specifically, when the module performs uplink data services, the AP processor transmits the service data to be sent to the baseband chip on the module via the UART interface. The baseband chip modulates the data into IQ baseband digital signals, which are then transmitted to the RF transceiver chip via the DigRF interface. Simultaneously, the baseband chip configures the RF transceiver chip's operating mode based on whether it is currently in L or S mode, and switches the RF front-end switch accordingly. The RF transceiver chip converts the IQ data into RF signals, which are then filtered by SAW, amplified by PA, and output to the RF connector before being transmitted to the satellite via the antenna. When the module performs downlink data services, the RF signal received from the antenna is input to the module via the RF connector. After being amplified by LNA and filtered by SAW, it enters the RF transceiver chip, is converted into IQ baseband data, and transmitted to the baseband chip via the DigRF interface. The baseband chip demodulates the data and sends it to the AP processor outside the module via the UART interface.

[0073] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is an architecture diagram of the baseband unit. The core component of the data module, the baseband unit, mainly consists of four parts: the CPU subsystem, the baseband subsystem, the bus system, and the peripheral subsystem. Baseband signal processing mainly involves higher-layer protocol and physical layer protocol processing. Higher-layer protocol processing and protocol layer encryption / decryption functions are primarily handled by the CPU subsystem and its internal encryption / decryption unit, or in conjunction with an external encryption card. Physical layer processing is completed by the CPU subsystem and the baseband subsystem working together. The chip's external data exchange and control functions are handled by the peripheral subsystem.

[0074] The CPU subsystem adopts a heterogeneous dual-core design, with one core for physical layer signal processing and the other for higher-level protocol processing; it uses two identical RISC-V cores to provide general processing capabilities for the baseband chip.

[0075] The baseband subsystem is used to control the radio frequency chip to achieve downlink data reception and uplink data transmission, as well as digital up-and-down mixing, filtering, frequency correction, IQ correction and other functions; at the same time, it can perform computationally intensive operations in baseband signal processing such as filtering, correlation, time-frequency domain transformation, channel encoding and decoding, matrix operations and so on.

[0076] The bus system provides data and control interconnection for the RISC-V processor, DMA, baseband acceleration unit, digital front-end, and interface devices such as DDR, USB, and UART within the chip. The peripheral subsystem mainly provides commonly used chip interfaces such as USART, SPI, SDIO, USB 2.0 OTG, I2S, I2C, GPIO, and SIM / USIM, as well as chip management modules such as RTC, WatchDog, Timer, EFUSE, and PMU.

[0077] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 7This is the architecture diagram of the RF transceiver unit. For this unit, the IRIS405 chip is selected as the transceiver. This chip possesses powerful transmit and receive capabilities, operating in the 700MHz~2600MHz frequency range; it supports 2G, 3G, and 4G applications; it supports 19.2MHz, 26MHz, 38.4MHz, and 52MHz clock inputs, and its data interface type is RBDP. The IRIS405 RF transceiver, through its high integration, SAW-less architecture, and multi-protocol compatibility, significantly reduces the complexity and cost of the 4G / 3G / 2G multi-mode RF subsystem. It features low power consumption, high linearity, and a flexible interface design.

[0078] The memory unit consists of an external LPDDR3 chip and an SPI FLASH chip connected to the baseband chip. The LPDDR3 chip is an SCB12M1G320AF-09RI with a capacity of 1Gb. It is a low-power DDR3 SDRAM consisting of 8 banks, achieving high-speed data transfer rates through a chip architecture that uses multi-bit prefetching and then synchronously outputs data to the system clock. All control, address, and circuitry are synchronized with both ends of the external clock. I / O transactions can be performed at both ends of DQS. Interleaving the eight memory rows allows random access operations to occur at higher rates than in standard DRAM. Continuous and seamless data rates can be achieved depending on the device's read / write latency and speed level. Furthermore, the device supports low-power features such as PASR and DPD modes, as well as options for different drive strengths. It is suitable for low-power applications.

[0079] The SPI FLASH uses the GD25LB512MEYIGR, a high-performance SPI NOR Flash memory chip designed for high-reliability applications. This chip boasts a 512 Mbit (64 MB) storage capacity, employs advanced NOR Flash technology, supports SPI interface and four-wire (QUAD) mode, and has a maximum clock frequency of 166 MHz, significantly improving data transmission efficiency and suitability for high-speed data read requirements. Its operating voltage range covers 2.7V to 3.6V, and it features wide temperature operation, meeting the stringent requirements of industrial and automotive environments. The GD25LB512MEYIGR complies with AEC-Q100 certification standards, incorporates ECC error correction algorithms and CRC check functions, enhancing data reliability and lifespan. It also supports high-speed system design features such as DQS and DLP, ensuring stable operation in various scenarios and fields. In terms of packaging, the chip uses a compact WSON8 package, balancing space efficiency and heat dissipation performance.

[0080] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 8This is the power supply architecture diagram. Power input is provided by VSYS (3A@3.4V), supplying power to the PMIC power management chip. The PMIC power chip is the AXP15060, a highly integrated power management IC designed for applications requiring multi-channel power conversion outputs. It provides a simple and flexible power management solution for multi-core processors to meet the complex and precise requirements of power control. The AXP15060 supports TWSI and RSB for dynamically adjusting output voltage, enabling power outputs, and configuring interrupt conditions. It includes 6 programmable DC-DC outputs, 16 controllable LDO outputs, and 1 always-on RTCLDO output, providing abundant power resources and comprehensive power management for the data module.

[0081] Reference Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is the architecture diagram of the clock unit. The clock unit is provided by a voltage-controlled temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TYEABLSANF-19.200000), which outputs a highly stable 19.2MHz clock signal to the XIN pin of the RF transceiver to provide a reference clock for the chip. The low-power clock for the baseband chip is provided by a surface-mount crystal oscillator (OZKIDLJANF-0.032768) from Taiyi Electronics, with a clock frequency of 32.768kHz.

[0082] The interface connector selected is the BTB OK-118RF050-2-35 connector, which makes the installation and use of multi-mode modules more convenient and simple. Detailed interfaces include the following types: Reset interface: RST; Power-on interface: POWERKEY; Second pulse interface: PPS; UART interface*3; USB interface*1; I2S interface*1; SIM card interface*3; SDIO interface*1; Sleep / wake interface.

[0083] The module as a whole adopts a miniaturized BTB design.

[0084] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of this application, but this application is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this application, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite communication module, characterized in that, include: Baseband unit, RF transceiver unit, clock unit, and interface unit; The radio frequency transceiver unit, the clock unit, and the interface unit are connected to the baseband unit; The baseband unit is used to perform baseband signal and protocol processing functions as well as external interface communication functions; The radio frequency transceiver unit is used to perform conversion processing between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, as well as up-conversion and down-conversion processing of signals; The clock unit is used to provide clock data; The interface unit is used for interface conversion and data communication processing with external devices of the module; The satellite communication module compares the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through a decision engine, and switches the communication mode based on the comparison result.

2. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency transceiver unit includes a transceiver unit and a radio frequency front end; The transceiver unit is used to down-convert the received signal and perform analog-to-digital conversion before sending it to the baseband unit, and to perform digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion on the baseband signal before sending it to the radio frequency front end. The radio frequency front end is used to perform transmit and receive conditioning, filtering, and power monitoring operations for received signals and baseband signals.

3. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite communication module also includes a security unit connected to the baseband unit; the security unit is used to provide encryption and decryption processing for the signal.

4. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite communication module is equipped with a protocol stack function module; The protocol stack functional module divides communication functions into multiple layers, including the application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, and physical layer interface. The application layer is used to provide an interface between applications and the network; The transport layer is used for end-to-end data transmission, performing data segmentation, flow control, and error recovery operations; The network layer is used to process data packet routing and addressing, and to perform cross-network data forwarding and logical address management operations; The data link layer is used to manage point-to-point data transmission, and to perform frame encapsulation, MAC address addressing, flow control, error detection, and switching between broadcast channels and data channels. The physical layer interface is used to interact with the physical layer hardware and transmit modulated signal parameters and receiver sensitivity configuration.

5. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite communication module is equipped with a physical layer control module; the physical layer control module is used to perform modulation and demodulation operations, channel management operations, coding and error correction operations, and radio frequency parameter control operations. The modulation and demodulation operation involves selecting a target modulation method, analyzing signal frequency changes at the receiving end, and restoring the bit stream. The channel management operation is adaptive frequency hopping, which dynamically allocates time and frequency resources; The encoding and error correction operations are data encoding, and the encoding rate is dynamically adjusted according to the channel quality. The radio frequency parameter control operations include adjusting the transmit power, balancing communication distance and energy consumption, and frequency calibration.

6. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication modes include cellular network communication, low-Earth orbit satellite communication, and Tiantong satellite communication. The step of comparing the signal state corresponding to the current communication mode with the threshold data corresponding to the current communication mode through a decision engine, and switching the communication mode based on the comparison result, includes: A first comparison result is obtained by comparing the signal state corresponding to cellular network communication with the threshold data corresponding to cellular network communication, and other communication modes other than cellular network communication are switched according to the first comparison result. A second comparison result is obtained by comparing the signal status corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication with the threshold data corresponding to low-Earth orbit satellite communication. Other communication modes other than low-Earth orbit satellite communication are then switched according to the second comparison result. The signal status corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication is compared with the threshold data corresponding to Tiantong satellite communication to obtain a third comparison result. Based on the third comparison result, other communication modes other than Tiantong satellite communication are switched.

7. The satellite communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decision engine includes a perception layer, a decision layer, and an execution layer; The perception layer is used to extract standardized state features for decision-making based on multiple data sources, including user context, network state, environmental context, and business requirements. The decision layer is used to select the optimal switching strategy by a deep reinforcement learning-based agent to make multi-objective decision trade-offs based on standardized state features, and to obtain action instructions based on the optimal switching strategy. The execution layer is used to receive action instructions from the decision layer, initiate a handover process to the terminal and network side through standard network protocols, use the network performance results after the handover as environmental feedback, generate rewards, and send them to the decision layer and perception layer.

8. The satellite communication module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reward is a weighted sum of throughput, latency, connection interruption, network cost, and number of ping-pong handovers.

9. The satellite communication module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the satellite communication module performs voice service, in the uplink voice service, the baseband unit receives voice data sent by the external audio unit, the baseband unit modulates the voice data into a baseband signal, and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit. The baseband unit configures the transceiver unit's operating mode and switches the RF front-end switch. After the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal and outputs it to the RF connector for antenna transmission. In downlink voice services, the radio frequency signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the radio frequency connector. The radio frequency front end amplifies and filters the radio frequency signal. The transceiver unit converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into voice data and sends the voice data to the external audio unit.

10. The satellite communication module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the satellite communication module performs data services, in the uplink data service, the baseband unit receives the service data sent by the external AP processor, and the baseband unit modulates the service data into a baseband signal and transmits the baseband signal to the transceiver unit. The baseband unit configures the transceiver unit's operating mode and switches the RF front-end switch. After the transceiver unit converts the baseband signal into an RF signal, the RF front-end filters and amplifies the RF signal and outputs it to the RF connector for antenna transmission. In downlink data services, the radio frequency (RF) signal received from the antenna is input to the satellite communication module through the RF connector. The RF front end amplifies and filters the RF signal, and the transceiver unit converts the RF signal into a baseband signal and transmits it to the baseband unit. The baseband unit demodulates and decodes the baseband signal to convert it into service data and sends the service data to the external AP processor.

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