Intelligent adjusting system and method for smoke outlet amount of electronic cigarette

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent adjusting system and method for the smoke output amount of an electronic cigarette, and belongs to the technical field of industrial control systems. Comprising a session establishment and information acquisition module, an initial state estimation module, a target setting and constraint forming module, an execution-observation closed-loop control module, an instruction safety control and driving module and a session ending and adaptive updating module. The problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that coupling lag and state dependence exist between electrical input parameters and actual aerosol output results, the smoke output amount is unstable, taste fluctuates and output is not smooth due to state lag of an atomization assembly and fluctuation of the smoking behavior of a user in a continuous or short-interval smoking scene are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial control system technology, and in particular to an intelligent adjustment system and method for the smoke output of an electronic cigarette. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic cigarettes typically consist of a battery assembly, a controller, and an atomizing assembly. During operation, the controller supplies power to the atomizing load, causing the heating element to heat the e-liquid. The heated e-liquid forms an aerosol that enters the airway for the user to inhale. To accommodate different users' preferences for vapor production and flavor, existing products generally include output adjustment functions. These functions are typically achieved by the controller adjusting the power supply parameters of the atomizing load, and can be combined with button or touch input to switch between several preset levels or modes, such as constant voltage output, output varying with battery voltage, and constant power output. In practice, the user selects a mode based on button duration, number of button presses, or button combinations during the setting process. The controller writes the selected mode into its storage unit. During subsequent inhalation, the controller drives the heating element according to the selected mode, thereby changing the electrical output conditions and affecting the atomization intensity and the perceived vapor production.

[0003] For example, Chinese invention patent CN104102143B discloses a control method and device for electronic cigarettes with multiple voltage output modes, including step 1: in the locked state, a voltage output mode switching signal is sent to the controller via a button, the voltage output modes including constant voltage output mode and non-constant voltage output mode; step 2: after receiving the button signal in step 1, the controller determines whether the button's on-time is greater than or equal to A seconds; step 3: if the determination result of step 2 is no, the controller does not modify the memory that stored the specific voltage output mode when the device was locked last time, and the controller controls the output according to the voltage output mode stored in the memory in this step; step 4: if the determination result of step 2 is yes, the controller modifies and stores the memory that stores the specific voltage output mode, and the controller controls the output according to the voltage output mode after the memory has been modified and stored in this step.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent CN104049550B discloses a control method and device for electronic cigarettes with multiple output modes, including the following steps: Step 1, after the system is powered on, the first controller determines whether there are N key signal inputs; Step 2, if the determination result of Step 1 is yes, the system enters a locked state; Step 3, in the locked state, the first controller determines whether a key sends an output mode switching signal to the first controller, the output modes include voltage output mode and power output mode, and the output modes are stored in the memory of the first controller; Step 4, if the determination result of Step 3 is yes, the first controller switches and stores the memory storing the specific output modes, and when the user unlocks and the first controller receives a smoking signal, the first controller controls the output according to the output mode stored in the memory in this step.

[0005] Under the aforementioned control method, the variables directly acted upon by the controller are mainly electrical input parameters such as voltage, current, or power, while the object perceived by the user is the aerosol output result during the suction process. The process from electrical input to aerosol output typically involves heating, heat transfer, liquid supply, vaporization, and aerosol generation and transport. This process is influenced by multiple factors: for example, the user's suction behavior alters the airway negative pressure and flow boundary conditions, thus affecting the aerosol carrying capacity and heat exchange conditions; the liquid guiding capacity and liquid recovery state of the atomizing core affect the effective liquid supply to the heating area; residual heat and thermal inertia after suction end alter the initial temperature field at the start of the next suction; battery internal resistance and voltage droop cause the same settings to exhibit different actual power supplies under different charge levels or different transient loads; individual differences caused by atomizing structure and assembly tolerances also result in variations in thermal resistance, airflow resistance, and liquid supply capacity among different devices. Therefore, there is not a one-to-one correspondence between electrical input parameters and aerosol output results, and different output performances may occur under varying actual usage conditions.

[0006] In continuous or short-interval vaping scenarios, the internal state of the atomizing component typically evolves over time. After the previous vaping session, the heating element and its surrounding materials experience a certain temperature rise retention, and the temperature does not immediately return to the initial environmental level. Simultaneously, the local saturation in the cotton wick or porous medium changes due to vaporization consumption, potentially disrupting the continuity of the local liquid film, and undergoing a process of reabsorption and resupply over a subsequent period. Since temperature field recovery, liquid reabsorption, and liquid film reconstruction have different time scales, the effective liquid supply conditions and heat exchange boundaries at the start of the next vaping session may differ from the previous one. Consequently, under the same output mode, the same set power, or the same set voltage, the actual vaporization rate, aerosol generation rate, and inlet aerosol concentration between different vaping ports may fluctuate, resulting in differences in smoke output and flavor between adjacent vaping ports. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the coupling lag and state dependence between existing technologies and electrical input parameters and actual aerosol output, which leads to unstable vapor production, fluctuating flavor, and uneven output in continuous or short-interval vaping scenarios due to the lag in the atomizing component's state and fluctuations in user vaping behavior, this invention provides an intelligent vapor production adjustment system and method for electronic cigarettes. The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] On one hand, an intelligent vapor production adjustment system for electronic cigarettes is provided, comprising: a session establishment and information acquisition module, used to establish a local inhalation session after detecting an inhalation trigger, and continuously collect airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals related to inhalation, as well as voltage and current information related to power supply, during the inhalation session to constitute local inhalation session information; an initial state estimation module, used to determine the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load based on voltage and current information, and obtain temperature estimation information by combining a preset resistance-temperature relationship, and estimate the initial thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of local inhalation by combining the time interval between local and historical inhalation sessions and historical inhalation session information, generating thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities characterizing the historical dependence of the atomizing components; and a target setting and constraint shaping module, used to map the user-set target vapor production to a target atomization intensity, and apply target constraints to the target atomization intensity based on the thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities to obtain the local control target. The execution-observation closed-loop control module generates suction behavior characteristics based on airway pressure difference or airflow signals during the suction session. It constructs an actual atomization intensity proxy based on voltage, current, and temperature estimation information. The actual atomization intensity proxy is compared with the local control target to obtain the target deviation, and the power supply command to the atomization load is updated based on the target deviation. The command safety control and drive module applies smoothing and safety constraints to the power supply command before outputting it to the atomization load to drive the atomization components. The session end and adaptive update module locks the local suction session information after determining that the local suction session has ended. During the local suction session, it updates the cumulative deviation statistics based on the target deviation, generates session deviation statistics based on the cumulative deviation statistics, determines the correction category identifier, updates the control parameters for the corresponding category, and writes the updated control parameters and local suction session information to the storage unit.

[0009] On the other hand, a method for intelligently adjusting the vapor output of an electronic cigarette is provided, comprising the following steps: Establishing a vaping session after detecting an inhalation trigger; continuously collecting airway pressure differential signals or airflow signals related to vaping, as well as voltage and current information related to power supply, during the vaping session to constitute vaping session information; determining the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load based on the voltage and current information, and obtaining temperature estimation information by combining a preset resistance-temperature relationship; estimating the initial thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of vaping based on the time interval between the current vaping session and historical vaping sessions, and generating thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities characterizing the historical dependence of the atomizing component; mapping the user-set target vapor output to a target atomization intensity, and applying target constraints to the target atomization intensity based on the thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities to obtain the vaping control target. During the suction session, suction behavior characteristics are generated based on airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals. An actual atomization intensity proxy is constructed based on voltage, current, and temperature estimation information. This proxy is compared with the local control target to obtain the target deviation, and the power supply command for the atomization load is updated based on the target deviation. After applying smoothing and safety constraints to the power supply command, it is output to the atomization load to drive the atomization components. Upon completion of the local suction session, the local suction session information is locked. During the session, the cumulative deviation statistics are updated based on the target deviation. Session deviation statistics are generated based on these statistics, thereby determining the correction category identifier and updating the corresponding control parameters. The updated control parameters and the local suction session information are then written to the storage unit.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0011] 1. This invention provides an intelligent smoke output adjustment system for electronic cigarettes. During each vaping session, it collects airway pressure difference, airflow signals, and voltage and current information in real time. Combining this with the resistance-temperature relationship, it estimates the temperature of the atomizing load and accurately calculates the target atomization intensity. Based on historical vaping session information, it dynamically estimates the thermal state and liquid supply recovery state, mapping this state information to the user-set target smoke output as the target atomization intensity, thereby improving the consistency and accuracy of each puff. During vaping, a closed-loop comparison between the target deviation and the actual atomization intensity is used to adjust the power supply command in real time, applying smoothing and safety constraints to avoid overshoot and unstable output. After the session ends, the control parameters are updated based on the cumulative deviation statistics to further optimize the smoke output consistency of subsequent vaping sessions, reducing smoke output fluctuations and flavor discontinuities between adjacent puffs. This intelligent adjustment mechanism solves the problems of unstable smoke output, flavor fluctuations, and unsmooth output caused by lag in the atomizing component state and fluctuations in user vaping behavior in existing technologies.

[0012] 2. During continuous or short-interval vaping, the heating element often experiences reduced atomization efficiency and inconsistent aerosol generation rates in subsequent vaping sessions due to temperature stagnation, liquid film disruption, and backflow after the previous puff. This invention, by real-time estimation of the thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of each puff, combined with historical vaping session information, can precisely compensate for these dynamic changes. This reduces the probability of problems such as weak smoke output or sudden changes in flavor caused by thermal inertia and uneven liquid supply, improving the stability of atomization effect for each puff and thus enhancing the user's vaping experience, especially maintaining consistent smoke output and flavor during continuous vaping.

[0013] 3. By updating the power supply command to the atomizing load based on the target deviation, the atomization intensity of the atomizing component is ensured to remain consistent with the user-set target vapor output. When a deviation occurs between the actual atomization intensity and the target vapor output, the power supply command is dynamically adjusted to compensate for the difference between the atomization intensity and the target value. This allows the power supply command to more accurately reflect the effects of temperature changes, liquid replenishment status, and other external factors during vaping. Ultimately, the real-time updating of the power supply command ensures the consistency of vapor output and the stability of flavor. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an intelligent adjustment system for the smoke output of an electronic cigarette, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the electronic cigarette airway pressure difference signal and the power supply voltage signal before and after filtering in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the control target involved in the application embodiments;

[0018] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating an intelligent adjustment method for the smoke output of an electronic cigarette, as provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: As Figure 1The diagram shown is a schematic of the structure of an intelligent adjustment system for the smoke output of an electronic cigarette provided in an embodiment of this application. The system includes: a session establishment and information acquisition module, an initial state estimation module, a target setting and constraint shaping module, an execution-observation closed-loop control module, an instruction security control and driving module, and a session end and adaptive update module.

[0021] Upon detecting the inhalation trigger signal, a local aspiration session identifier is first generated, and the local aspiration session timer is started. The local aspiration session identifier is used to bind the sampling data during the local aspiration process to the same aspiration session, facilitating retrospective statistics and storage after the session ends. The local aspiration session timer is used to limit the effective time range of sampling and processing, and to provide a basis for the start time, end time, and duration of subsequent sessions.

[0022] During the suction session timing, sampled values ​​of airway differential pressure or airflow signals related to suction are acquired according to a preset sampling strategy, and sampled values ​​of voltage and current information related to power supply are acquired simultaneously. The preset sampling strategy includes at least a sampling frequency and a sampling synchronization method, where the sampling synchronization method is used to ensure that suction-related signals and power supply-related signals are acquired under the same control cycle, facilitating subsequent alignment processing. To avoid the impact of jitter or sampling noise at the moment of suction triggering on subsequent judgment, the suction-related signals and power supply-related signals are preprocessed separately after the sampled values ​​are acquired. The preprocessing process is executed in conjunction with the subsequent effective segment determination.

[0023] The airway pressure difference signal or airflow signal is acquired by a puff detection unit installed in the electronic cigarette's airway structure. The puff detection unit can include either an airway pressure difference sensor or an airflow sensor. The airway pressure difference sensor is installed between the airway passage and the external environment to detect changes in the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the airway during user puffing, and converts these pressure difference changes into an electrical signal output. The airflow sensor is installed in the airway passage to detect changes in the velocity or flow rate of the airflow as it passes through the airway, and converts these velocity or flow rate changes into an electrical signal output. Both the airway pressure difference signal and the airflow signal are time-varying analog signals, which are converted into digital sample values ​​by an analog-to-digital converter before being sent to the controller for processing.

[0024] The airway pressure difference signal is the airway internal pressure minus the ambient pressure per unit time, reflecting the change in negative pressure intensity during inhalation. The airflow signal is the change in flow rate through the airway cross-section per unit time, reflecting the change in airflow intensity during inhalation. Both types of signals can be used to characterize the intensity and duration of inhalation behavior. Due to differences in inhalation detection methods in different e-cigarette structures, some products trigger and regulate control by detecting changes in negative pressure, while others trigger and regulate control by detecting changes in airflow. However, both are physically directly related to inhalation behavior and can reflect changes in airway boundary conditions during inhalation. Therefore, they can be used as equivalent inhalation-related signal input sources in the control logic.

[0025] Voltage and current information are acquired by the power supply detection unit. The power supply detection unit may include a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit. The voltage sampling circuit is connected to the battery output or both ends of the atomizing load to detect the actual voltage value across the atomizing load and convert it into a digital sample value. The current sampling circuit is connected in series in the atomizing load circuit to detect the actual current value flowing through the atomizing load and convert it into a digital sample value. The voltage information represents the instantaneous voltage change across the atomizing load per unit time; the current information represents the instantaneous current change flowing through the atomizing load per unit time.

[0026] During the sampling process, the suction detection unit and the power supply detection unit sample under the same control cycle, so that the sampled values ​​of the airway pressure difference signal or airflow signal have a time correspondence with the sampled values ​​of voltage and current information. The sampling cycle is driven by the controller's internal timer, which generates a sampling trigger signal at a preset period. When each sampling trigger signal arrives, the current outputs of the suction detection unit and the power supply detection unit are read respectively, forming multi-dimensional sampling data at the same timestamp.

[0027] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a comparison of the electronic cigarette airway pressure difference signal and the power supply voltage signal before and after filtering in an embodiment of this application. The upper part compares the airway pressure difference signal before and after filtering, while the lower part compares the power supply voltage signal before and after filtering. The red curve represents the original signal, and the blue curve represents the signal after filtering. As can be seen from the diagram, after filtering in this embodiment, the PWM ripple and sampling noise in the power supply voltage signal are effectively suppressed, while the transient spikes and high-frequency disturbances in the airway pressure difference signal are significantly weakened. This results in a smoother signal sequence that accurately characterizes the inhalation behavior, providing a stable data foundation for subsequent inhalation behavior recognition and atomization control.

[0028] Preprocessing of airway pressure differential or airflow signals includes filtering and validity determination. Specifically, filtering suppresses transient spikes and high-frequency noise to obtain a smooth suction-related signal sequence; validity determination extracts effective suction segments from the sequence. Validity determination uses a preset trigger threshold as the criterion. When the filtered suction-related signal reaches or exceeds the preset trigger threshold, and the duration of this duration is greater than a preset minimum duration threshold, the start of the effective suction segment is defined as this moment. Conversely, when the filtered suction-related signal is below the preset trigger threshold, and the duration of this duration is greater than a preset minimum exit duration threshold, the end of the effective suction segment is defined as this moment, and an effective suction segment identifier is added to this time period. Duration requirements are used to avoid misjudgments caused by short-term fluctuations. The minimum duration threshold is used to exclude false inhalations caused by short noises, and the minimum exit duration threshold is used to prevent signal drop-off at the end of inhalation from causing frequent interruptions in the effective suction segment.

[0029] The preprocessing of voltage and current information also includes filtering and validity determination. Specifically, filtering is used to suppress ripple and sampling noise caused by switching drive, resulting in a smooth power supply-related signal sequence. Validity determination is used to extract the effective power supply segment from the power supply-related signal sequence. The determination of the effective power supply segment is based on a preset output enable state. When the output enable state is enabled and the current information reaches a preset minimum current threshold, the corresponding time range is determined as the effective power supply segment. When the output enable state is disabled or the current information is below the preset minimum current threshold and the duration of the current information below the minimum current threshold is greater than a preset minimum exit duration threshold, the corresponding time range is determined as the end of the effective power supply segment, and a power supply effective segment identifier is added to this time period. By using both the output enable state and the minimum current threshold simultaneously, it is possible to distinguish between situations where the controller has entered the output state but the load is not effectively turned on and situations where the load is effectively powered, thereby reducing the mixing of invalid sampling of power supply-related data.

[0030] Within the effective suction and power supply segments, the preprocessing results of the suction-related signals and the power supply-related signals are aligned to generate local port suction session information. The alignment process follows the sampling order under the same control cycle. For each control cycle, it is first determined whether the cycle falls simultaneously within both the effective suction and power supply segments. If both conditions are met, the sampled values ​​of the suction-related signals, voltage information, and current information corresponding to that cycle are encapsulated into the same session data record and appended to the local port suction session information chronologically. When a cycle falls only within the effective suction segment or only within the effective power supply segment, the data for that cycle is marked as non-overlapping valid data, used for session statistics but not for subsequent closed-loop control synchronization input. Through this alignment method, the local port suction session information contains at least the suction-related signal sequence and the power supply-related signal sequence, and the two maintain a corresponding cycle within the time range used for closed-loop control.

[0031] During the pumping session, the generated local pumping session information is output to the subsequent processing flow in real time. The real-time output adopts a simultaneous acquisition and output method. As soon as a session data record is formed, the record is immediately pushed to the buffer required for initial state estimation and the input queue required for execution-observation closed-loop control. This allows the subsequent processing to obtain the latest pumping-related signals and power supply-related signals during the pumping session, thereby supporting continuous control updates during the pumping process.

[0032] When the filtered pumping-related signal is lower than the preset trigger threshold and the corresponding low threshold duration is greater than the preset minimum exit duration threshold, this moment is determined as the pumping end moment, and the sampling data of subsequent control cycles will no longer be included in the local pumping session information. After the local pumping session ends, session statistics are formed based on the signals collected and aligned during the pumping session. The session statistics include at least the pumping session duration, the segment statistics of pumping-related signals, and the segment statistics of power supply-related signals. The segment statistics are used to describe the overall level and variation characteristics of the signals during the pumping session and are written into storage as part of the subsequent historical pumping session information for use in the initial state estimation and parameter update of the next pumping session.

[0033] After entering the active power supply segment during the pumping session, voltage and current information sample values ​​are read from the pumping session information of this port in sampling order. Each pair of voltage and current information sample values ​​is used as power supply observation data at the same sampling time for subsequent conversion. To avoid distortion of conversion results due to sampling noise, transient switching ripple, or sensor malfunctions, outlier determination is first performed on the read voltage and current information sample values. Outlier determination includes at least two types of rules: for current information sample values, when the current information sample value is lower than the preset minimum current threshold, the voltage and current information sample values ​​at that sampling time are marked as invalid samples to exclude conversion instability caused by ineffective load conduction or insufficient measurement resolution; for voltage information sample values, when the voltage information sample value exceeds the preset voltage sampling range, the voltage and current information sample values ​​at that sampling time are marked as invalid samples to exclude situations such as sampling saturation, disconnection, or range exceeding limits. After marking, only the voltage and current information samples that were not marked as invalid are converted to the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load to obtain the equivalent resistance sample value of the atomizing load. The equivalent resistance conversion of the atomizing load is performed using the ratio between the voltage and current information samples, which essentially reflects the equivalent impedance state of the atomizing load at that sampling moment. When the voltage and current information samples meet the validity constraints, this ratio conversion has a clear physical meaning and corresponds to the law of resistance change of the heating element material with temperature.

[0034] To suppress the impact of occasional fluctuations at individual sampling points on subsequent temperature estimation, the obtained equivalent resistance samples of the atomized load are input into a smoothing process in the sampling order to form an equivalent resistance sequence of the atomized load. Smoothing is achieved using methods such as moving average, exponential smoothing, or median filtering. Their common goal is to reduce the impact of transient spikes and high-frequency noise on the sequence while maintaining the trend of equivalent resistance over time. In this example, median filtering is preferred. The atomized load equivalent resistance sequence output by the smoothing process is used as the input for temperature estimation information conversion. Subsequently, based on the preset resistance-temperature relationship, the atomized load equivalent resistance sequence is converted into temperature estimation information. The preset resistance-temperature relationship can be obtained through the resistance-temperature characteristics calibration of the heating element material, represented as a table or piecewise mapping relationship between resistance and temperature. During conversion, each equivalent resistance value is looked up or interpolated in this relationship to obtain the corresponding temperature estimation value. The temperature estimation values ​​obtained in the sampling order are then combined into a temperature estimation information sequence for subsequent initial state estimation and closed-loop control.

[0035] After the aspiration session is established, historical aspiration session information is read from the storage unit to estimate the thermal state and liquid supply recovery state at the start of the aspiration. The historical aspiration session information includes at least the end time of the historical session, as well as thermally relevant session statistics and liquid supply-related session statistics corresponding to the historical session. The end time of the historical session is used to characterize the time reference for the end of the previous aspiration; the thermally relevant session statistics are used to characterize statistics related to the heating process near the end time of the historical session, such as temperature estimation statistics at the end of the historical session, energy input statistics during the historical session, or other statistics that can characterize the degree of heat accumulation. In this embodiment, the thermally relevant session statistics are the temperature estimation statistics at the end of the historical session. The liquid supply-related session statistics are used to characterize statistics related to the liquid supply process near the end time of the historical session, such as aspiration behavior statistics during the historical session, duration statistics of the historical session, or other statistics that can characterize the degree of liquid supply consumption. After reading the historical aspiration session information, the session start time corresponding to the timing of the aspiration session is obtained, and the result of subtracting the end time of the historical session from the session start time is used as the time interval between the current aspiration session and the historical aspiration session. The calculation of the time interval is based on the same timing reference, that is, the timing of the current suction session and the end time of the historical session are derived from the same controller clock or the same timer system; under this premise, the time interval is the time difference obtained by subtracting the end time of the historical session from the start time of the session, which is used to reflect the length of the rest time between two suction sessions.

[0036] Residual thermal prior information is generated based on time intervals and thermally relevant session statistics. This residual thermal prior information describes the remaining amount of heat accumulated at the end of the historical session during the two-port interval, after decaying over time. The time interval is used as the decay input, and thermally relevant session statistics are used as the initial heat characterization input. The residual thermal prior information is calculated according to a preset thermal recovery rule. This rule can be provided using a lookup table or a piecewise rule, ensuring that the residual thermal prior information is higher when the time interval is shorter and gradually decreases when the time interval is longer. Subsequently, at the beginning of the local port pumping session, the residual thermal prior information is fused with temperature estimation information to obtain the initial thermal state of the local port pumping and generate thermal state variables. The fusion process is based on the principle that prior information provides the initial bias and temperature estimation information provides real-time observation. At the beginning of the local port pumping session, when the temperature estimation information is not yet stable or there are few sampling points, the weight of the residual thermal prior information is increased to avoid abrupt changes in the initial estimate. As the effective power supply period of the local port continues and more temperature estimation information sampling points are obtained, the weight of the temperature estimation information is gradually increased, so that the thermal state variables are updated with the actual heating process of the local port. By fusing prior knowledge with observations, the initial thermal boundary characterization related to historical pumping can be provided for local control without relying on additional temperature sensors.

[0037] Similar to thermal state estimation, prior information for liquid supply recovery is generated based on time intervals and supply-related session statistics. This prior information describes the trend of backflow and resupply in the atomizing core supply channel and the cotton core / porous medium over time during the interval between two intakes. When generating this prior information, the time interval is used as the recovery input, and supply-related session statistics are used as the consumption level characterization input, and calculations are performed according to a preset liquid supply recovery rule. This preset rule can also be given in the form of a lookup table or a segmented rule, ensuring that the prior information is lower when the previous intake has high consumption and a short interval, and gradually increases when the previous intake has low consumption or a long interval. The prior information is then converted into the initial liquid supply recovery state for the current intake and a liquid supply recovery state quantity is generated. The conversion process enables the liquid supply recovery state quantity to represent the liquid supply margin level on a uniform scale, and it can be directly used by subsequent target constraints and closed-loop control. For example, when the liquid supply recovery state quantity is low, it provides a more conservative constraint reference for subsequent control, and when the liquid supply recovery state quantity is high, it provides a relatively relaxed constraint reference for subsequent control.

[0038] After generating the thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity, they are associated with the port suction session identifier to ensure that the target setting and constraint forming process and the execution-observation closed-loop control process can use the port's initial state estimation results and the port's suction session data to correspond and use, thereby continuously forming a consistent control input during the suction session.

[0039] The system reads the user-defined target smoke output. This target smoke output can be configured via button settings, touch sliders, or application settings, and stored in the storage unit as a preset level or numerical value. After reading the target smoke output, the system converts it into an initial target atomization intensity value based on a preset target smoke output-target atomization intensity mapping relationship. This mapping relationship converts the user-understandable smoke output setting into a target atomization intensity dimension that the controller can execute. This mapping relationship can be implemented using a lookup table, where the target smoke output is used as the index key to retrieve the corresponding initial target atomization intensity value. When the target smoke output is between two adjacent settings, interpolation can be used to obtain the initial target atomization intensity value to avoid sudden changes in the target value caused by setting transitions.

[0040] like Figure 3The diagram shows the flowchart for determining the control target of the port according to the application embodiment. First, the thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity are obtained and judged respectively: when the thermal state quantity exceeds the preset thermal safety threshold, the thermal state deviation value is obtained and used as the query key to obtain the thermal state correction factor; otherwise, no thermal state correction factor is generated. When the liquid supply recovery state quantity is lower than the preset liquid supply margin threshold, the liquid supply margin deviation value is obtained and used as the query key to obtain the liquid supply margin correction factor; otherwise, no liquid supply margin correction factor is generated. Then, it is determined whether there is a thermal state correction factor and / or a liquid supply margin correction factor: if not, the initial value of the target atomization intensity is used as the control target of the port; if it exists, the initial value of the target atomization intensity is corrected based on the thermal state correction factor and / or the liquid supply margin correction factor to obtain the control target of the port.

[0041] The thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity are acquired and compared with the preset thermal safety threshold and the preset liquid supply margin threshold, respectively. The preset thermal safety threshold is used to limit the upper limit of the acceptable thermal state at the start of suction, avoiding the risk of overheating caused by continuing to drive with a higher target when the residual heat is high or the temperature recovery is insufficient. The preset liquid supply margin threshold is used to limit the lower limit of the liquid supply recovery state at the start of suction, avoiding the risk of local dry burning or abnormal taste caused by continuing to drive with a higher target when the liquid supply recovery is insufficient. The comparison process is carried out on the same scale. The thermal state quantity and the preset thermal safety threshold use the same thermal state quantity scale, and the liquid supply recovery state quantity and the preset liquid supply margin threshold use the same liquid supply recovery state quantity scale.

[0042] When the thermal state quantity exceeds a preset thermal safety threshold, a thermal state deviation value is generated. The thermal state deviation value characterizes the degree to which the current thermal state quantity exceeds the preset thermal safety threshold. It is generated by subtracting the preset thermal safety threshold from the thermal state quantity; the larger the thermal state deviation value, the more significant the exceedance. After generating the thermal state deviation value, it is used as the lookup key to retrieve the thermal state correction factor from a preset thermal state correction factor mapping table. The thermal state correction factor mapping table is segmented according to the degree of exceedance, so that when the thermal state deviation value is small, the corresponding correction factor is closer to the no-correction state, and when the thermal state deviation value increases, the corresponding correction factor gradually tends towards a more conservative correction level, thus forming a stronger constraint on the initial value of the target atomization intensity. If the thermal state deviation value falls between two segments of the mapping table, interpolation between adjacent segments is allowed to retrieve the thermal state correction factor, ensuring a continuous and smooth correction process.

[0043] When the liquid supply recovery amount is lower than the preset liquid supply margin threshold, a liquid supply margin deviation value is generated. The liquid supply margin deviation value characterizes the degree of insufficiency of the current liquid supply recovery amount relative to the preset liquid supply margin threshold. It is generated by subtracting the liquid supply recovery amount from the liquid supply margin threshold; the larger the deviation value, the more insufficient the liquid supply recovery. After generating the deviation value, the liquid supply margin correction factor is retrieved from a preset liquid supply margin correction factor mapping table using the deviation value as the lookup key. The liquid supply margin correction factor mapping table is segmented according to the degree of insufficiency, so that when the liquid supply margin deviation value is small, the corresponding correction factor is closer to the no-correction state, and when the deviation value increases, the corresponding correction factor gradually tends towards a more conservative correction level, thus forming a stronger constraint on the initial value of the target atomization intensity. Similarly, when the liquid supply margin deviation value falls between two segments of the mapping table, interpolation is allowed to retrieve the liquid supply margin correction factor to ensure a continuous and smooth correction process.

[0044] After completing the threshold comparison and correction factor acquisition, the target generation path is determined based on the presence or absence of correction factors. When the thermal state quantity does not exceed the preset thermal safety threshold and the liquid supply recovery state quantity is not lower than the preset liquid supply margin threshold, no thermal state correction factor or liquid supply margin correction factor is introduced, and the initial value of the target atomization intensity is directly used as the control target to maintain the original intent of the user-set target. When the thermal state correction factor and / or the liquid supply margin correction factor exist, the initial value of the target atomization intensity is combined with the thermal state correction factor and / or the liquid supply margin correction factor for correction to obtain the control target. The combined correction logic prioritizes constraints. When only a thermal state correction factor exists, the control target is obtained by multiplying the thermal state correction factor by the initial target atomization intensity. When only a liquid supply margin correction factor exists, the control target is obtained by multiplying the liquid supply margin correction factor by the initial target atomization intensity. When both exist simultaneously, the thermal state correction factor and the initial target atomization intensity are multiplied to obtain the first correction result, and the liquid supply margin correction factor and the initial target atomization intensity are multiplied to obtain the second correction result. The smaller value between the first and second correction results is selected as the control target, ensuring that the control target simultaneously satisfies both thermal safety and liquid supply margin constraints. To avoid abrupt changes in the target due to correction, a limiting process can be applied to the control target after the combined correction is completed, ensuring that the control target falls within the preset allowable range of target atomization intensity.

[0045] It should be explained that both the thermal state correction factor and the liquid supply margin correction factor are used to express the target reduction degree under constraints. Their numerical changes are consistent with the constraint strength; that is, when the degree of thermal state exceeding the limit increases or the degree of insufficient liquid supply margin increases, the corresponding correction factor will guide the target atomization intensity to adjust in a more conservative direction. Since thermal safety and liquid supply margin correspond to two different risk boundaries—one involving the safety of the heating element's temperature rise, and the other involving liquid supply capacity and the risk of dry burning—when both exist simultaneously at the beginning of the same suction session, it should be ensured that the control target of this port simultaneously satisfies both types of constraints. Choosing a larger value means prioritizing the constraint with the smaller reduction degree, which may result in the other constraint not being fully satisfied. This could lead to maintaining a high target atomization intensity even when the thermal state is high or the liquid supply recovery is insufficient, increasing the risk of overheating or insufficient liquid supply. Choosing a smaller value is equivalent to using the more stringent constraint result, ensuring that the control target of this port does not exceed the safety upper limit corresponding to any constraint condition, forming a processing logic of taking the tightest boundary among multiple constraints from a control perspective. Therefore, when both the thermal state correction factor and the liquid supply margin correction factor exist, determining the smaller value of the two correction results as the control target of this port can ensure that the control target of this port is within the allowable range under both thermal safety constraints and liquid supply margin constraints, thereby reducing risks and improving output stability during continuous pumping or changes in state boundaries.

[0046] After obtaining the local control target, the local control target is output to the execution-observation closed-loop control process and associated with the local suction session identifier, so that when calculating the target deviation and updating the power supply command of the atomizing load during the subsequent suction session, the control target consistent with the local suction session can be used.

[0047] During the suction session, the control calculation cycle serves as the basic rhythm for control updates. Upon entering each control calculation cycle, the corresponding airway differential pressure signal or airflow signal sample value is first read from the local suction session information. This sample value is then converted into a suction intensity sample value according to a preset calibration relationship. The preset calibration relationship is used to convert the raw quantities output by the sensor into a uniform scale that reflects the strength of the suction. This can be implemented as a calibration curve or a piecewise mapping table: when using an airway differential pressure signal, the amplitude of the differential pressure signal is mapped to a suction intensity sample value; when using an airflow signal, the amplitude of the airflow signal is mapped to a suction intensity sample value. To avoid jumps in the suction intensity sample value due to instantaneous fluctuations in the suction signal, the calibration relationship is used in conjunction with the preprocessing results of the aforementioned suction-related signals, ensuring that the suction intensity sample value changes continuously with the suction process.

[0048] After obtaining the sampling value of the suction intensity, the sampling value is accumulated within the current control calculation cycle to form the current suction behavior characterization quantity. Accumulation processing converts the instantaneous suction strength into a suction effect over a duration. Its processing logic uses the control calculation cycle as the accumulation unit, updating the accumulation result once per cycle and storing it in the runtime cache of the local suction session for use in subsequent agent quantity construction and control updates within the same cycle. To avoid the accumulation result being excessively affected by initial values ​​at the beginning of the session, the starting point of the accumulation of the suction behavior characterization quantity is aligned with the starting point of the effective suction segment; when the effective suction segment ends, the accumulation update stops, and the final accumulation result is retained as part of the session statistics.

[0049] Within the same control calculation cycle, voltage and current information samples are read from the local suction session information, and a power supply sample value is generated based on these samples. The power supply sample value reflects the energy input intensity of the atomizing load within the cycle. It is generated by using the power correspondence between voltage and current information to obtain the instantaneous power supply level, and is consistent with the power supply effective segment determination result. The power supply sample value is only updated within the power supply effective segment.

[0050] After generating the power supply sampling values, energy statistics are performed on these values ​​to obtain the power supply energy input. This energy statistics process accumulates the power supply sampling values ​​over the control calculation cycle, allowing the power supply energy input to be updated progressively as the suction session progresses. This data represents the cumulative energy input of the atomizing load up to the current moment in the suction session. The starting point of the energy statistics is aligned with the start point of the effective power supply segment. Updates to the power supply energy input cease after the effective power supply segment ends, and the final statistical value is incorporated into the session statistics.

[0051] After obtaining the power input, the temperature estimation information is read, and the power input and temperature estimation information are correlated according to the preset proxy quantity construction relationship to generate the actual atomization intensity proxy quantity. The preset proxy quantity construction relationship is used to map the energy input and the heating temperature state into a unified scale that can characterize the atomization intensity level. Its logical basis is that the power input reflects the energy supply intensity and accumulation degree, and the temperature estimation information reflects the thermal state level of the heating element and the atomization area. The two together determine the strength and stability of the vaporization process. The correlation processing can be implemented by looking up a table or using rule mapping. The combined state of the power input and temperature estimation information is used as the query key to find the actual atomization intensity proxy quantity in the proxy quantity mapping table. When the combined state is between the segment boundaries of the mapping table, interpolation is allowed to obtain the actual atomization intensity proxy quantity so that the proxy quantity changes continuously with the control calculation cycle. The actual atomization intensity proxy quantity is updated once in each control calculation cycle and is used for comparison with the local control target.

[0052] Within each control calculation cycle, after obtaining the actual atomization intensity proxy, the local control target is read, and a target deviation is generated. The target deviation characterizes the direction and degree of deviation of the current output state relative to the local control target. It is generated by subtracting the actual atomization intensity proxy from the local control target; the sign of the difference indicates the direction of deviation, and the magnitude of the difference indicates the degree of deviation. To avoid abrupt changes in control output due to abnormal sampling, transient disturbances, or target switching, a limiting process is performed on the target deviation to obtain an effective deviation value. The limiting process uses a preset allowable deviation range as a boundary: when the target deviation falls within this range, it remains unchanged; when the target deviation exceeds the upper or lower bound of this range, the target deviation is truncated to the corresponding boundary value, thereby constraining subsequent control updates within a controllable range. After obtaining the effective deviation value, it is converted into a power supply adjustment value based on preset control parameters. Preset control parameters define the response strength and dynamic characteristics between the deviation and the adjustment amount. These parameters can be implemented through lookup table mapping or segmented rules, using the effective deviation value as an index to retrieve the power supply adjustment amount. When the effective deviation value is within the segment boundaries, interpolation is allowed to obtain the power supply adjustment amount, ensuring continuous change in the adjustment amount. To avoid output jitter caused by frequent fine-tuning when the deviation is close to zero, a deviation dead zone interval can be set in the mapping rules, ensuring that the corresponding power supply adjustment amount remains zero or close to zero when the effective deviation value falls into the dead zone.

[0053] The power supply adjustment amount represents the magnitude of correction to the power supply command to the atomizing load within the current control calculation cycle. When the target deviation is positive, the power supply adjustment amount takes a positive correction value to increase the power supply command to the atomizing load; when the target deviation is negative, the power supply adjustment amount takes a negative correction value to decrease the power supply command to the atomizing load. The physical meaning of the power supply adjustment amount depends on the driving method: when using duty cycle driving, it corresponds to the change in duty cycle; when using target power control, it corresponds to the change in power setpoint; and when using target voltage control, it corresponds to the change in voltage setpoint.

[0054] After obtaining the power supply adjustment amount, the atomizing load power supply command from the previous control calculation cycle is read, and the power supply adjustment amount is applied to that command to form the current control calculation cycle's power supply command. This update process is organized using the previous cycle's command as a reference and the current cycle's adjustment amount as a correction, allowing the atomizing load power supply command to iteratively change cycle by cycle with the target deviation and match the real-time state during the vaping session. The updated atomizing load power supply command is output to the command safety control and drive module within the current control calculation cycle for subsequent command shaping, safety constraint application, and drive execution of the atomizing load; simultaneously, the current cycle's atomizing load power supply command is saved as the historical command input for the next control calculation cycle, ensuring continuous control updates during the vaping session.

[0055] During the suction session, the update cycle is based on the control calculation cycle. Upon entering each control calculation cycle, the atomizing load power supply command output by the execution-observation closed-loop control module is first acquired, and the atomizing load power supply command from the previous control calculation cycle is read from the runtime cache as the command history value. The purpose of setting the command history value is to provide a comparison benchmark for subsequent smoothing constraints, ensuring that the power supply command of the current cycle changes continuously over time, avoiding abrupt changes in the power supply command between adjacent cycles due to target deviation fluctuations or sampling disturbances.

[0056] The power supply command for the current cycle is shaped according to preset smoothing constraint rules to obtain a smoothed power supply command. The smoothing constraint rules include at least two types of logic: rate-of-change limitation processing and step suppression processing. Rate-of-change limitation processing takes the change in the current cycle's power supply command relative to its historical value as input and uses a preset allowable rate-of-change range as constraint. When the change falls within the allowable range, the current cycle's power supply command remains unchanged; when the change exceeds the allowable range, the current cycle's power supply command is adjusted to the value corresponding to the allowable range boundary, thus controlling the command change rate between adjacent cycles. Step suppression processing identifies step characteristics based on the change trend of the power supply command over several consecutive cycles. When a significant surge or drop in the power supply command is detected within a single cycle, and this change is inconsistent with the change in the pump-related signal, a preset transition strategy is used to decompose this abrupt change into a gradual change over multiple cycles, thereby reducing the impact on the drive side and improving output smoothness. These two types of smoothing processing can be executed in a fixed sequence in series, or one can be selected for execution within the same cycle according to rules, depending on the configuration of the preset smoothing constraint rules.

[0057] After receiving the smoothed power supply command, the system reads the voltage and current information related to the power supply, as well as the thermal state and liquid supply recovery state output from the initial state estimation module. Based on these inputs, a safety assessment is performed. The safety assessment follows preset safety constraints item by item, including at least assessments related to battery risk and dry-burning risk. The battery risk assessment is based on the power supply state reflected by the voltage and current information. When the voltage is lower than the preset minimum safe voltage or the current is higher than the preset maximum safe current, the power supply state is deemed to have exceeded the preset battery safety boundary, generating a tag indicating a triggering risk. The dry-burning risk assessment is based on the atomization state reflected by the thermal state and liquid supply recovery state. When the thermal state is higher than the preset maximum safe thermal state threshold or the liquid supply recovery state is lower than the preset minimum safe liquid supply recovery state threshold, continuing to drive the system under the given initial and liquid supply states may enter a high-risk zone, generating a tag indicating a triggering risk.

[0058] When the safety assessment indicates a triggering risk, the corresponding risk mitigation path is selected based on the type of risk. The smoothed power supply command is then dated to generate a safety-constrained power supply command. Derating is used to reduce the drive intensity to within a safe boundary while maintaining output capability. Its operation is based on the derating rules corresponding to the risk type. Under the battery risk mitigation path, the drive intensity corresponding to the power supply command is reduced to alleviate current load and voltage droop. Under the dry-burning risk mitigation path, the heating intensity corresponding to the power supply command is reduced to decrease heat accumulation and allow time for electrolyte recovery. If the safety assessment indicates no triggering risk, the smoothed power supply command is used as the safety-constrained power supply command in the subsequent drive conversion process.

[0059] It's important to explain that, in the battery risk mitigation approach, reducing the drive intensity corresponding to the power supply command is primarily based on the physical relationship between the battery's equivalent internal resistance and the load current. When the atomizing load is at a higher drive intensity, the load current increases accordingly. Given the battery's equivalent internal resistance, this increased load current results in a larger voltage drop within the battery, exacerbating voltage droop. Voltage droop not only causes the actual output to deviate from the control setting but also brings the battery terminal voltage close to the low-voltage protection boundary, increasing the probability of triggering undervoltage protection or abnormal shutdown. Simultaneously, the larger current also causes internal battery heating, accelerating cell temperature rise and aging. In this situation, reducing the drive intensity corresponding to the power supply command directly reduces the current flowing through the atomizing load, lowering the internal voltage drop within the battery, thereby mitigating the voltage droop trend and reducing battery thermal load. This approach doesn't simply reduce output; rather, it controls the load current amplitude to bring the battery operating point back to a more stable voltage and current range, maintaining the sustainability and safety boundaries of the system's power supply.

[0060] In the dry-burn risk mitigation approach, reducing the heating intensity corresponding to the power supply command is based on the heat-liquid coupling relationship during atomization. When the liquid supply recovery state is low or the thermal state is high, the liquid replenishment capacity around the heating element is insufficient or the temperature is already at a high level. If a high driving intensity is maintained, the local temperature of the heating element will rise further, and the liquid cannot replenish it in time, leading to the expansion of the local dry area. When the liquid is insufficient, the heat exchange conditions of the heating element change, the temperature rise rate accelerates, and dry-burning is likely to occur, causing abnormal taste or material damage. In this case, by reducing the heating intensity corresponding to the power supply command, the energy input per unit time can be reduced, causing the heating element temperature rise rate to decrease, thus allowing time for the liquid back-permeation and re-replenishment process in the cotton wick or porous medium. As the liquid supply recovery state gradually improves, the local liquid film is rebuilt, the heat exchange conditions are restored, and the heating element temperature falls back to a more controllable range. This processing logic essentially adjusts the balance between heat input and liquid replenishment by reducing the heating power, bringing the atomization process back to a heat-liquid matching state, thereby reducing the risk of dry-burning and improving output stability.

[0061] After receiving the power supply command following the safety constraints, it is converted into a drive control quantity to drive the atomizing load and output to the atomizing load to drive the atomizing components. The specific form of the drive control quantity is consistent with the hardware drive method. When the atomizing load is driven using pulse width modulation, the drive control quantity corresponds to the duty cycle; when driven using constant power or constant voltage, the drive control quantity corresponds to the target power setting or target voltage setting, and the underlying drive circuit executes switching control according to this setting. During the conversion process, it remains synchronized with the control calculation cycle, so that the drive control quantity generated in each cycle takes effect within the corresponding cycle. At the same time, the drive control quantity output in this cycle is associated with the local port's suction session identifier, which facilitates recording the occurrence time and duration of command changes and safety constraint actions in the session statistics information for subsequent session end and adaptive update processing.

[0062] Upon determining the end of the local sampling, the local sampling session timer is stopped, and the local sampling session information is locked. The determination of the end of local sampling follows the exit logic of the valid sampling period: during the sampling session, sampling-related signals are continuously monitored. When the sampling-related signals remain below the trigger threshold within the exit duration window, this moment is determined as the end of sampling, and the local sampling session timer is stopped. Locking the local sampling session information involves switching the dataset corresponding to the session from an append-only state to a read-only state, stopping the writing of new sampled values ​​to the local sampling session information, controlling the calculation results and statistics, and preventing data from being updated after sampling ends, which could lead to inconsistencies in subsequent statistical standards.

[0063] During the local pumping session, at each new control calculation cycle, the execution-observation closed-loop control module obtains the target deviation for the current control calculation cycle. To avoid backtracking through historical data after the session ends, the cumulative deviation statistics are updated simultaneously with the target deviation. The cumulative deviation statistics are initialized when the local pumping session is established and are continuously updated during the session. During the update, it is first determined whether the current control calculation cycle is a valid sample cycle: the valid pumping segment identifier and the valid power supply segment identifier are read. If both are valid, the current control calculation cycle is considered a valid sample cycle; if either is invalid, it is considered an invalid sample cycle. Only within valid sample cycles are the target deviation read and the cumulative deviation statistics updated, the target deviation is added to the cumulative deviation, and the magnitude information of the target deviation is added to the cumulative deviation magnitude. Simultaneously, the valid sample count is incremented. Within invalid sample cycles, the cumulative deviation, the cumulative deviation magnitude, and the valid sample count are not updated. In this way, the cumulative deviation statistic is contributed only by the control calculation cycle in which both pumping and power supply are effective, thus avoiding the introduction of the pumping start and end edge segment, power supply shutdown segment, or abnormally low current segment into the statistics.

[0064] After the local suction session ends and the local suction session information is locked, the cumulative deviation statistics are read from the runtime cache and session deviation statistics are generated. During generation, the cumulative deviation and the effective sample count are read first. If the effective sample count is less than a preset minimum statistical sample count threshold, the session deviation statistics are set to the default state and this step ends. If the effective sample count is not less than the preset minimum statistical sample count threshold, the cumulative deviation and the effective sample count are compared to obtain the average deviation value per unit sample. This average deviation value represents the overall trend of the target deviation on the effective samples throughout the entire local suction session. When the average deviation value is greater than a preset positive judgment threshold, the deviation direction information is marked as positive deviation, indicating that the actual atomization intensity is generally lower than the local control target during the local suction session. When the average deviation value is less than a preset negative judgment threshold, the deviation direction information is marked as negative deviation, indicating that the actual atomization intensity is generally higher than the local control target. When the average deviation value is between the preset positive judgment threshold and the preset negative judgment threshold, the deviation direction information is marked as no significant deviation. The sign and amplitude information of the average deviation value are written into the deviation direction information field. The deviation direction information characterizes the overall deviation direction of the local suction session, with the sign indicating the direction of deviation and the amplitude indicating the overall degree of deviation. Subsequently, the cumulative deviation amplitude and the valid sample count are read. Dividing the cumulative deviation amplitude by the valid sample count yields the deviation fluctuation information, which characterizes the fluctuation of the target deviation during the local suction session. After completion, the deviation direction information and deviation fluctuation information are encapsulated into session deviation statistics, which are then associated with the local suction session identifier and written into the session statistics area of ​​the local suction session information for direct reading in subsequent steps.

[0065] After session deviation statistics are generated, a correction category identifier is determined based on the comparison between the session deviation statistics and preset thresholds. During the comparison, preset average deviation thresholds and preset fluctuation thresholds are read and compared with deviation direction information and deviation fluctuation information, respectively. When the deviation direction information exceeds the preset average deviation threshold and the deviation fluctuation information does not exceed the preset fluctuation threshold, the correction category identifier is set to the mapping correction category identifier; when the deviation fluctuation information exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the correction category identifier is set to the control rule correction category identifier; when both the deviation direction information and the deviation fluctuation information exceed their respective thresholds, the correction category identifier can simultaneously include both the mapping correction category identifier and the control rule correction category identifier. The preset average deviation threshold and preset fluctuation threshold are written to the storage unit by factory calibration or loaded into the runtime cache during device initialization to ensure that the comparison logic can be executed directly.

[0066] Once the correction category identifier is determined, the control parameters for the corresponding category are updated according to the correction category identifier, and the updated control parameters are generated. Before performing the update, the current value of the control parameter for the corresponding category is read from the storage unit, and the deviation direction information and deviation fluctuation information in the session deviation statistics are read to determine the update direction and update level.

[0067] The update direction is determined based on the direction marker in the deviation direction information. When the deviation direction information is marked as positive deviation, it indicates that the actual atomization intensity of the agent is generally lower than the control target of the port during the inhalation session. In this case, the update direction is set to the upward direction, that is, the control parameters of the corresponding category are adjusted so that their effect on the output changes in the upward direction. When the deviation direction information is marked as negative deviation, it indicates that the actual atomization intensity of the agent is generally higher than the control target of the port. In this case, the update direction is set to the downward direction, that is, the control parameters of the corresponding category are adjusted so that their effect on the output changes in the downward direction. When the deviation direction information is marked as no significant deviation, directional updates related to the overall offset are not triggered. Only when the deviation fluctuation information meets the preset fluctuation threshold condition will the parameter update path related to the fluctuation be entered.

[0068] The update level is determined solely based on deviation fluctuation information. First, the deviation fluctuation information is read and compared with a preset fluctuation threshold. When the deviation fluctuation information does not exceed the preset threshold, the update level variable is set to Level 1; when the deviation fluctuation information exceeds the preset threshold, the update level variable is set to Level 2. Then, the update step size is determined based on the update level variable: when the update level is Level 1, a preset first update step size value is selected; when the update level is Level 2, a preset second update step size value is selected, where the second update step size value is greater than the first update step size value.

[0069] During the update process, the current value of the control parameter is calculated based on the update direction variable and the update level variable. If the update direction variable is for positive adjustment, the current value of the control parameter is increased by the selected update step size; if the update direction variable is for negative adjustment, the current value of the control parameter is decreased by the selected update step size; if the update direction variable does not perform directional updates and the correction category identifier points to the parameter category related to the power supply command update rule, then only the parameter category related to the power supply command update rule is updated according to the fluctuation information. After the update is completed, the obtained value is used as the updated control parameter and written to the runtime cache.

[0070] In this embodiment, when the correction category identifier is a mapping correction category identifier, the corresponding control parameter is a mapping gain parameter. The mapping gain parameter participates in the mapping process from the target smoke volume to the initial value of the target atomization intensity. When the update direction is an upward direction, by increasing the mapping gain parameter, the initial value of the target atomization intensity corresponding to the same target smoke volume increases, thereby causing the overall control target of the inlet to shift upward under the same target smoke volume conditions in subsequent vaping sessions, forming a compensation trend for weak smoke scenarios. When the update direction is a downward direction, by decreasing the mapping gain parameter, the initial value of the target atomization intensity decreases, thereby causing the overall control target of the inlet to shift downward under the same target smoke volume conditions in subsequent vaping sessions, forming a suppression trend for strong smoke scenarios.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the mapping gain parameter may include one or a combination of the following parameter forms: a mapping ratio coefficient, used to proportionally amplify or reduce the target smoke volume during the process of converting the target smoke volume into the initial value of the target atomization intensity; when the mapping ratio coefficient increases, the initial value of the target atomization intensity corresponding to the same target smoke volume shifts upward as a whole; when the mapping ratio coefficient decreases, the initial value of the target atomization intensity corresponding to the same target smoke volume shifts downward as a whole. A level segmentation correction coefficient, used to set correction weights for different target smoke volume levels; after determining the current target smoke volume level, the correction coefficient of the corresponding level is read to participate in the mapping process, thereby allowing different levels to have different adaptive adjustment intensities. A mapping bias parameter, used to apply a uniform offset compensation to the initial value of the target atomization intensity after the proportional mapping is completed; when the mapping bias parameter increases, the initial value of the target atomization intensity increases as a whole; when the mapping bias parameter decreases, the initial value of the target atomization intensity decreases as a whole, used to correct persistent systematic weakness or strength. The target level correction table index parameter is used to select different mapping calibration tables in the storage unit; by adjusting the index parameter, different calibration curves are used in subsequent vaping sessions, thereby changing the correspondence between the target smoke output and the target atomization intensity.

[0072] When the correction category identifier is the control rule correction category identifier, the corresponding control parameter is the deviation response gain parameter. The deviation response gain parameter participates in the conversion process from target deviation to power supply regulation. When the update direction is upward, by increasing the deviation response gain parameter, the power supply regulation corresponding to the same target deviation is increased, thereby improving the correction force of the power supply command on the deviation, and making the actual atomization intensity proxy quantity approach the control target more quickly. When the update direction is downward, by decreasing the deviation response gain parameter, the power supply regulation corresponding to the same target deviation is decreased, thereby reducing the correction force and avoiding further fluctuations caused by excessive adjustment in fluctuating or overshoot scenarios.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the deviation response gain parameter may include one or a combination of the following parameter forms: A proportional response coefficient, used to convert the target deviation within the current control calculation cycle into a power supply adjustment; when the proportional response coefficient increases, the power supply adjustment corresponding to the same target deviation increases, thereby improving the correction speed; when the proportional response coefficient decreases, the power supply adjustment decreases, thereby reducing the adjustment amplitude. An integral response weight parameter, used to accumulate historical target deviations during the control process for adjustment; by adjusting the integral response weight parameter, the influence intensity of persistent deviations on the power supply adjustment can be changed. An upper limit parameter for adjustment step size, used to limit the maximum change amplitude of the power supply adjustment within a single control calculation cycle; when the upper limit parameter for adjustment step size increases, a larger single adjustment is allowed; when it decreases, the adjustment change amplitude is limited to enhance stability. A dynamic suppression coefficient, used to reduce the sensitivity of the power supply adjustment when deviation fluctuations are large; by adjusting this coefficient, the system slows down the adjustment rhythm when fluctuations are significant, thereby suppressing oscillations.

[0074] By limiting the mapping gain parameter to the target smoke output-target atomization intensity mapping layer and the deviation response gain parameter to the power supply command update rule layer, layered adaptive adjustment of cross-session static offset correction and intra-session dynamic stability correction can be achieved while maintaining structural clarity and controllable computing power. The configuration of the mapping gain parameter and the deviation response gain parameter is pre-configured during the product factory calibration stage and written into the storage unit as a fixed parameter structure. During operation, update operations are performed according to the pre-configured parameter structure. That is, when configured as a single parameter, only that single parameter is updated; when configured as a multi-parameter combination, each parameter in the combination is updated sequentially or synchronously according to the preset combination rules, without dynamically changing the parameter category or combination method during operation, thereby ensuring that the update logic is deterministic and repeatable.

[0075] The updated control parameters and the local suction session information are written to the storage unit together. The local suction session identifier is used as the association key when writing, so that subsequent suction sessions can obtain the updated control parameters when reading the control parameters, and continuously perform consistent adjustment of smoke output in combination with historical records.

[0076] like Figure 4 The flowchart shown is a method for intelligent adjustment of the smoke output of an electronic cigarette according to an embodiment of this application. It includes: establishing a local inhalation session after detecting an inhalation trigger, and continuously collecting airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals related to inhalation, as well as voltage and current information related to power supply during the inhalation session, to constitute local inhalation session information.

[0077] The equivalent resistance of the atomizing load is determined based on voltage and current information, and temperature estimation information is obtained by combining the preset resistance-temperature relationship. The initial thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of the atomizing port are estimated by combining the time interval between the current port and historical suction sessions and historical suction session information, and thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities characterizing the historical dependence of the atomizing component are generated.

[0078] The target smoke output set by the user is mapped to the target atomization intensity, and the target atomization intensity is constrained according to the thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity to obtain the control target of this port.

[0079] During the suction session, suction behavior characteristics are generated based on airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals. Actual atomization intensity proxy is constructed based on voltage, current and temperature estimation information. The actual atomization intensity proxy is compared with the local control target to obtain the target deviation, and the power supply command of the atomization load is updated according to the target deviation.

[0080] After applying smoothing and safety constraints to the power supply command, it is output to the atomizing load to drive the atomizing component.

[0081] After the local suction is completed, the local suction session information is locked. During the local suction session, the cumulative deviation statistics are updated based on the target deviation. Session deviation statistics are generated based on the cumulative deviation statistics. The correction category identifier is determined and the control parameters of the corresponding category are updated. The updated control parameters and local suction session information are written to the storage unit.

[0082] Example 2: Based on Example 1 of this invention, when the safety assessment result indicates the existence of a triggering risk, the corresponding risk handling path is selected according to the type of triggering risk. Besides performing derating on the smoothed power supply command, a shutdown process can also be performed on the smoothed power supply command. Specifically, when the voltage information is lower than a preset undervoltage boundary and continues for more than a preset time window, or when the liquid supply recovery state quantity is continuously lower than a preset liquid supply margin threshold and accompanied by an increase in thermal state quantity, the persistence condition is met. When the thermal state quantity exceeds a preset limit thermal boundary, or the current information exceeds a preset maximum allowable current boundary, the severity condition is met. When either the persistence condition or the severity condition is met, a shutdown process is determined, and the power supply command of the current control calculation cycle is directly set to the drive control quantity corresponding to the shutdown state, and the timestamp of the shutdown and the triggering risk type are recorded. Simultaneously, the shutdown state is maintained in subsequent control calculation cycles until the safety assessment result no longer indicates the existence of a triggering risk. To avoid output jitter or device impact caused by frequent switching, before exiting the shutdown state, it is first checked whether the risk indicator has remained in a risk-free state for several consecutive control calculation cycles. When the risk-free state continues to reach the preset recovery time window, the power supply command is gradually restored according to the preset recovery strategy, instead of directly restoring to the drive strength before shutdown in a single cycle.

Claims

1. An intelligent adjustment system for the vapor output of an electronic cigarette, characterized in that, include: The session establishment and information acquisition module is used to establish a local suction session after detecting an inhalation trigger. During the suction session, it continuously collects airway differential pressure signals or airflow signals related to suction, as well as voltage and current information related to power supply, to form local suction session information. The initial state estimation module is used to determine the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load based on voltage and current information, and obtain temperature estimation information by combining the preset resistance-temperature relationship. It also estimates the initial thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of the atomizing port by combining the time interval between the current port and the historical atomizing sessions and the historical atomizing session information, and generates thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities that characterize the historical dependence of the atomizing components. The target setting and constraint shaping module is used to map the user-defined target smoke output to the target atomization intensity, and apply target constraints to the target atomization intensity based on the thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity to obtain the target control target. The execution-observation closed-loop control module is used to generate suction behavior characterization quantities based on airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals during the suction session, construct actual atomization intensity proxy quantities based on voltage information, current information and temperature estimation information, compare the actual atomization intensity proxy quantities with the local control target to obtain the target deviation, and update the power supply command of the atomization load according to the target deviation. The command safety control and drive module is used to apply smooth constraints and safety constraints to the power supply command and then output it to the atomizing load to drive the atomizing component. The session end and adaptive update module is used to lock the local suction session information after the local suction is determined to be over. During the local suction session, the cumulative deviation statistics are updated based on the target deviation. Session deviation statistics are generated based on the cumulative deviation statistics, thereby determining the correction category identifier and updating the control parameters of the corresponding category. The updated control parameters and local suction session information are written to the storage unit.

2. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The session establishment and information acquisition module specifically includes: Upon detecting an inhalation trigger signal, generate an in-stomach suction session identifier and start the in-stomach suction session timer. During the effective period of this suction session, the sampled values ​​of the airway pressure difference signal or airflow signal related to suction are acquired according to the preset sampling strategy, and the sampled values ​​of voltage and current information related to power supply are also acquired. The acquired airway pressure difference signal or airflow signal is preprocessed to obtain the effective suction segment, wherein the preprocessing includes at least filtering the sampled value and determining the effectiveness based on a preset trigger threshold. The acquired voltage and current information are preprocessed to obtain the effective power supply segment, wherein the preprocessing includes at least filtering the sampled values ​​and determining the validity based on a preset output enable state. Within the effective suction and power supply segments, the preprocessing results of the airway differential pressure signal or airflow signal are aligned with the preprocessing results of the voltage and current information to generate local suction session information. The local suction session information includes at least a suction-related signal sequence and a power supply-related signal sequence. The aspiration session information is output in real time to the initial state estimation module and the execution-observation closed-loop control module during the aspiration session; The timing of the suction session is stopped when the suction is determined to be over, and session statistics are generated based on the signals during the suction session.

3. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load based on voltage and current information, and obtaining temperature estimation information by combining a preset resistance-temperature relationship, specifically includes: Within the effective power supply period, the voltage and current information sample values ​​corresponding to the same timestamp are read from the session information drawn from this port. The voltage and current information sample values ​​are judged for outliers. When the current information sample value is lower than the preset minimum current threshold or the voltage information sample value exceeds the preset sampling range, the sample value corresponding to the timestamp is marked as invalid sample. For voltage and current information samples that were not marked as invalid samples, resistance conversion calculations were performed to obtain the equivalent resistance sample value of the atomized load corresponding to the timestamp; The sampled values ​​of the equivalent resistance of the atomizing load are smoothed to obtain the equivalent resistance sequence of the atomizing load; Based on the preset resistance-temperature relationship, the equivalent resistance sequence of the atomized load is converted into temperature estimation information.

4. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The generation of thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities characterizing the historical dependence of the atomization component specifically includes: Read historical suction session information from the storage unit. The historical suction session information includes at least the end time of the historical session and the heat-related session statistics and liquid supply-related session statistics corresponding to the historical session. Obtain the session start time of the current suction session and calculate the time interval between the current and historical suction sessions based on the session start time and the historical session end time. The residual thermal prior information is calculated based on the time interval and thermally related session statistics, and the residual thermal prior information is fused with the temperature estimation information at the beginning of the local suction session to obtain the initial thermal state of the local suction and generate thermal state quantities. Based on the time interval and liquid supply-related session statistics, calculate the liquid supply recovery prior information, and convert the liquid supply recovery prior information into the initial liquid supply recovery state of this port aspiration, generating the liquid supply recovery state quantity; The thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity are output to the target setting and constraint forming module and the execution-observation closed-loop control module.

5. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The target setting and constraint shaping module specifically includes: Read the target smoke output set by the user, and convert the target smoke output into an initial value of the target atomization intensity according to the preset target smoke output-target atomization intensity mapping relationship; Acquire thermal state quantity and liquid supply recovery state quantity, and compare them with preset thermal safety threshold and preset liquid supply margin threshold respectively; When the thermal state quantity exceeds the preset thermal safety threshold, the thermal state deviation value is obtained, and the thermal state correction factor is obtained by using the thermal state deviation value as the query key. When the fluid supply recovery state amount is lower than the preset fluid supply margin threshold, the fluid supply margin deviation value is obtained, and the fluid supply margin correction factor is obtained by using the fluid supply margin deviation value as the query key. When the thermal state quantity does not exceed the preset thermal safety threshold and the liquid supply recovery state quantity is not lower than the preset liquid supply margin threshold, the initial value of the target atomization intensity is taken as the control target of this port. When a thermal state correction factor and / or a liquid supply margin correction factor exist, the initial value of the target atomization intensity is corrected based on the thermal state correction factor and / or the liquid supply margin correction factor to obtain the target atomization intensity. The target control of this port is output to the execution-observation closed-loop control module.

6. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the inhalation session, the process of generating inhalation behavior characteristics based on airway pressure differential signals or airflow signals, and constructing a proxy quantity for actual atomization intensity based on voltage, current, and temperature estimation information, specifically includes: During the suction session, the sampled values ​​of the airway pressure difference signal or airflow signal are read from the suction session information of this port according to the control calculation cycle, and the sampled values ​​are converted into suction intensity sampled values ​​according to the preset calibration relationship. Within the control calculation cycle, the sampled values ​​of the suction intensity are accumulated to generate a characterization quantity of the current suction behavior; Within the control calculation cycle, sampled values ​​of voltage and current information are read, and power supply sampled values ​​are generated based on the sampled values; The power supply sampling value is subjected to energy statistical processing to obtain the power supply energy input. Based on the preset proxy quantity construction relationship, the power supply input quantity and temperature estimation information are correlated and processed to generate the actual atomization intensity proxy quantity.

7. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of comparing the actual atomization intensity with the target control value to obtain the target deviation, and updating the power supply command of the atomization load based on the target deviation, specifically includes: Within the current control calculation cycle, read the control target and the actual atomization intensity proxy amount, and calculate the target deviation; The effective value of the deviation is obtained by limiting the target deviation. The effective value of the deviation is converted into a power supply adjustment amount based on preset control parameters; The power supply adjustment amount is superimposed and updated with the atomizing load power supply command of the previous control calculation cycle to obtain the atomizing load power supply command of the current control calculation cycle. The power supply command for the atomizing load is output to the command safety control and drive module.

8. The intelligent adjustment system for electronic cigarette smoke output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The instruction security control and driving module specifically includes: Obtain the power supply command of the atomizing load output by the execution-observation closed-loop control module, and read the power supply command of the atomizing load from the previous control calculation cycle as the command history value; The power supply command is subjected to rate-of-change limitation processing and / or step suppression processing according to a preset smoothing constraint rule to generate a smoothed power supply command. Read the voltage and current information related to power supply, as well as the thermal state quantity and liquid supply recovery state quantity output by the initial state estimation module, and make a safety judgment on the smoothed power supply command according to the preset safety constraint rules. When the safety assessment result indicates that there is a triggering risk, the smoothed power supply command is derated or shut down according to the corresponding risk type to generate a power supply command with safety constraints. The power supply command after the safety constraint is converted into a drive control quantity for driving the atomizing load, and output to the atomizing load to drive the atomizing component.

9. The intelligent adjustment system for the smoke output of an electronic cigarette as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The session termination and adaptive update module specifically includes: After determining that the suction has ended, stop the suction session timer and lock the suction session information. During the suction session, the cumulative deviation statistic is updated based on the target deviation obtained by the execution-observation closed-loop control module in each control calculation cycle. After the aspiration is completed, session deviation statistics are generated based on the cumulative deviation statistics. The session deviation statistics include at least deviation direction information to characterize the overall deviation direction and deviation fluctuation information to characterize the degree of fluctuation. The correction category identifier is determined based on the comparison results between the session deviation statistics and the preset threshold; The control parameters for the corresponding category are updated according to the correction category identifier to obtain the updated control parameters; The updated control parameters and the local suction session information are written into the storage unit.

10. A method applied to an intelligent smoke output adjustment system for an electronic cigarette according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After detecting an inhalation trigger, a local suction session is established. During the suction session, airway differential pressure signals or airflow signals related to suction, as well as voltage and current information related to power supply, are continuously collected to form local suction session information. The equivalent resistance of the atomizing load is determined based on voltage and current information, and temperature estimation information is obtained by combining the preset resistance-temperature relationship. The initial thermal state and liquid supply recovery state of the atomizing port are estimated by combining the time interval between the current port and the historical suction session and the historical suction session information, and thermal state quantities and liquid supply recovery state quantities characterizing the historical dependence of the atomizing component are generated. The target smoke output set by the user is mapped to the target atomization intensity, and the target atomization intensity is constrained according to the thermal state quantity and the liquid supply recovery state quantity to obtain the control target of this port; During the suction session, suction behavior characteristics are generated based on airway pressure difference signals or airflow signals. Actual atomization intensity proxy is constructed based on voltage information, current information and temperature estimation information. The actual atomization intensity proxy is compared with the local control target to obtain the target deviation, and the power supply command of the atomization load is updated according to the target deviation. After applying smoothing and safety constraints to the power supply command, it is output to the atomizing load to drive the atomizing components; After the local suction is completed, the local suction session information is locked. During the local suction session, the cumulative deviation statistics are updated based on the target deviation. Session deviation statistics are generated based on the cumulative deviation statistics. The correction category identifier is determined and the control parameters of the corresponding category are updated. The updated control parameters and local suction session information are written to the storage unit.

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