Shaft spring rigidity prepressing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of shaft spring pressing, and provides a shaft spring rigidity pre-pressing device. The shaft spring rigidity pre-pressing device comprises a loading fixture, and the loading fixture comprises four stand columns and a pressing plate connected to the upper ends of the four stand columns. The lower parts of the four upright posts penetrate through the movable cross beam and are connected with the movable cross beam; the driving system is arranged on the lower portion of the loading fixture, the driving system comprises a first servo motor and a ball screw driven by the first servo motor, and the ball screw is used for driving the movable cross beam to move in the axial direction of the four stand columns; the pressure measuring tool is arranged below the pressure plate and is used for placing a shaft spring; the movable cross beam is driven by the driving system to move downwards, and the movable cross beam drives the four stand columns and the pressing plate to move downwards synchronously so as to compress the shaft spring on the pressure measuring tool. According to the shaft spring rigidity pre-pressing device, rigidity testing, full-compression testing, pre-pressing assembling and automatic assembling and disassembling of a spring can be achieved on the same equipment; safety and reliability are realized and test precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft spring clamping, and provides a shaft spring stiffness preload device. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of modern industrial and technological development, the precise pressing and efficient testing of mechanical components have become important research directions. Especially in the rail transportation sector, such as the maintenance and inspection of primary suspension coil springs, traditional manual testing methods have many problems, including low efficiency and insufficient testing accuracy. Therefore, developing automated equipment to achieve spring stiffness testing and assembly is particularly necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a shaft spring stiffness preload device to address the shortcomings of low efficiency and insufficient testing accuracy in related technologies.

[0004] This invention provides a shaft spring stiffness preload device, comprising: A loading frame, the loading frame comprising four columns and a pressure plate connected to the upper end of the four columns; A movable crossbeam, through which the lower parts of the four columns pass and are connected to the movable crossbeam; A drive system is provided at the lower part of the loading frame. The drive system includes a first servo motor and a ball screw driven by the first servo motor. The ball screw is used to drive the moving crossbeam to move along the axial direction of the four columns. A pressure testing fixture is disposed below the pressure plate and is used to place the shaft spring; The moving beam is driven downward by the drive system, and the moving beam drives the four columns and the pressure plate to move downward synchronously to compress the shaft spring on the pressure testing fixture.

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture is slidably mounted on the bottom of the loading frame to move between the working area below the pressure plate and the outside of the working area.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pallet drive mechanism is further included, the pallet drive mechanism being used to drive the pressure testing fixture to slide between the working area and the outside of the working area; the pallet drive mechanism includes a second servo motor and a linear guide rail.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the pressure testing fixture is provided with a U-shaped groove for alignment and bearing the lower clamping plate of the bearing shaft.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture is further provided with a positioning baffle and a limit switch for limiting its sliding stroke.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nut of the ball screw is fixedly connected to the moving crossbeam, and the first servo motor is connected to the ball screw through a synchronous belt pulley mechanism.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: A data acquisition and measurement system is used to measure the load and displacement data of the shaft spring in real time during the compression process; The main control system is electrically connected to the drive system and the data acquisition and measurement system, and is used to control the drive system to complete the stiffness test, full compression test and pre-compression assembly operation of the shaft spring based on the load and displacement data.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an automatic lifting protective cover is disposed around the loading frame, wherein the lifting action of the automatic lifting protective cover is interlocked with the main control system.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame further includes a support base, the lower ends of the four columns are connected to the support base, and the drive system and the pressure testing fixture are both mounted on the support base.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame is an integral high-rigidity structure.

[0014] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the rigid structure of the loading frame and the precise guidance of the moving crossbeam ensure that the pressure plate rises and falls vertically, the force on the axle spring is uniform, and uneven compression deformation caused by eccentric loading is avoided. The cooperation between the first servo motor and the ball screw enables precise control of loading speed and displacement, meeting the stringent accuracy requirements of axle spring stiffness testing and pre-compression assembly, and solving the problem of insufficient compression accuracy in traditional devices. The firm connection between the four columns, the pressure plate, and the moving crossbeam ensures high overall rigidity of the loading frame, preventing deformation or vibration during high-frequency compression operations and ensuring the long-term stability of the device. The selection of high-strength materials and a reasonable structural layout enable the device to withstand the reaction force during axle spring compression, extending its service life and adapting to the maintenance needs of daily high-frequency cyclic operations. The vertical layout and compact structure of the device make the placement and removal of axle springs convenient, without complicated preparation steps. The automated power transmission of the drive system replaces the cumbersome operation of traditional manual or hydraulic drives, reducing manpower input, shortening the single operation time, and improving overall operation efficiency. The adaptable design of the pressure testing fixture and loading frame allows for compression operations on various specifications of axle springs without the need for specialized fixtures for different sizes, reducing equipment investment costs. It is suitable for the operational needs of various main suspension springs in high-speed train and urban rail bogies, enhancing the practicality and applicability of the device. The smooth loading process and uniform force transmission reduce the risk of spring breakage or lateral impact during compression. The enclosed structure and stable movement of the loading frame prevent safety hazards caused by loose or detached components during operation, improving operational safety and protecting the safety of operators and equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic front view of the shaft spring stiffness preload device provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic perspective view of the shaft spring stiffness preload device provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic perspective view of the shaft spring stiffness preload device provided by the present invention, omitting the main control system and the bottom baffle.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic perspective view of the supporting base and movable crossbeam provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic perspective view of the pressure testing fixture provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure label: 100. Loading frame; 102. Column; 104. Pressure plate; 106. Moving crossbeam; 108. First servo motor; 110. Ball screw; 112. Pressure testing fixture; 114. Second servo motor; 116. Linear guide rail; 118. U-shaped groove; 120. Positioning baffle; 122. Synchronous belt pulley mechanism; 124. Main control system; 126. Automatic lifting protective cover; 128. Supporting bearing base. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shaft spring stiffness preload device, comprising: The loading frame 100 includes four uprights 102 and a pressure plate 104 connected to the upper end of the four uprights 102. The lower parts of the four columns 102 pass through the movable crossbeam 106 and are connected to the movable crossbeam 106. The drive system is located at the lower part of the loading frame 100. The drive system includes a first servo motor 108 and a ball screw 110 driven by the first servo motor 108. The ball screw 110 is used to drive the moving crossbeam 106 to move along the axial direction of the four columns 102. Pressure testing fixture 112 is located below pressure plate 104 and is used to place shaft spring; The moving beam 106 is driven downward by the drive system, and the moving beam 106 drives the four columns 102 and the pressure plate 104 to move downward synchronously to compress the shaft spring on the pressure testing fixture 112.

[0024] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the rigid structure of the loading frame 100 and the precise guidance of the moving crossbeam 106 ensure that the pressure plate 104 rises and falls vertically, and the force on the axle spring is uniform, avoiding uneven compression deformation caused by eccentric loading. The cooperation between the first servo motor 108 and the ball screw 110 achieves precise control of loading speed and displacement, meeting the stringent accuracy requirements of axle spring stiffness testing and pre-compression assembly, and solving the problem of insufficient compression accuracy in traditional devices. The firm connection between the four columns 102 and the pressure plate 104 and the moving crossbeam 106 makes the loading frame 100 have high overall rigidity, preventing deformation or vibration during high-frequency compression operations and ensuring the long-term stability of the device. The selection of high-strength materials and the reasonable structural layout enable the device to withstand the reaction force during axle spring compression, extending its service life and adapting to the maintenance needs of daily high-frequency cyclic operations. The vertical layout and compact structure of the device make the placement and removal of axle springs convenient, without complicated preparation steps. The automated power transmission of the drive system replaces the cumbersome operations of traditional manual or hydraulic drives, reducing manpower input, shortening single-operation time, and improving overall work efficiency. The compatible design of the pressure testing fixture 112 and the loading frame 100 allows for the compression of various specifications of axle springs without the need for specialized fixtures for different sizes, reducing equipment investment costs. It adapts to the operational needs of various main suspension springs in EMU and urban rail bogies, enhancing the practicality and applicability of the device. The smooth loading process and uniform force transmission reduce the risk of axle spring breakage or lateral impact during compression. The enclosed structure and stable movement of the loading frame 100 prevent safety hazards caused by loose or detached components during operation, improving operational safety and protecting the safety of operators and equipment.

[0025] Please continue reading Figures 1 to 5 The shaft spring stiffness pre-compression device provided in this embodiment of the invention achieves precise compression of the shaft spring through the coordinated arrangement of the loading frame 100, the drive system, and the pressure testing fixture 112.

[0026] The loading frame 100 serves as the core support structure, with four uprights 102 arranged in a rectangular pattern. These uprights are made of high-strength materials to ensure structural rigidity and load-bearing capacity. The upper ends of the uprights 102 are fixedly connected to pressure plates 104, which are rigid flat plates with a smooth lower surface used to contact the upper surface of the axle springs and transmit pressure. The lower parts of the four uprights 102 pass through a movable crossbeam 106 and are securely connected to it via a fastening structure. This ensures that the movement of the movable crossbeam 106 drives the uprights 102 and pressure plates 104 to move synchronously without relative displacement. The loading frame 100 has an overall vertical layout, a compact structure, and occupies little space, making it suitable for installation requirements at work sites.

[0027] The movable crossbeam 106 is a rigid frame structure. Guide sleeves, made of wear-resistant material, are installed at the joints with the four columns 102 to reduce friction with the columns 102 and ensure smooth axial movement of the movable crossbeam 106 along the columns 102 without jamming or tilting. The central area of ​​the movable crossbeam 106 is fixedly connected to the nut of the ball screw 110. The connection surfaces fit tightly without gaps, ensuring that the linear motion of the ball screw 110 is fully transmitted to the movable crossbeam 106, achieving precise lifting control.

[0028] The drive system is located at the lower part of the loading frame 100. The first servo motor 108 is fixedly mounted on a preset base and connected to the ball screw 110 through a synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122. The synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley, and a synchronous belt. The driving pulley is mounted on the output shaft of the first servo motor 108, and the driven pulley is mounted on one end of the ball screw 110. The synchronous belt is sleeved and tensioned between the two pulleys to ensure smooth power transmission without slippage. The ball screw 110 is arranged vertically and fixed at both ends by bearing seats, providing precise power for the lifting and lowering of the moving beam 106 and achieving smooth adjustment of the loading force.

[0029] The pressure testing fixture 112 is positioned below the pressure plate 104 and fixedly installed in the bottom area of ​​the loading frame 100. The upper surface of the fixture is flat and is used to place the shaft spring, ensuring its stability after placement and preventing tilting or displacement. The pressure testing fixture 112 is precisely aligned with the pressure plate 104, ensuring that the pressure plate 104 acts perpendicularly on the shaft spring when moving downwards, resulting in uniform force on the shaft spring and avoiding uneven compression deformation caused by off-center loading. The fixture's structure is adaptable to shaft springs of different specifications, enabling it to support shaft springs of various sizes for compression operations without frequent fixture changes.

[0030] After the device is started, the first servo motor 108 receives a control signal and drives the ball screw 110 to rotate via the synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122. The rotational motion of the ball screw 110 is converted into the linear downward motion of the nut, which in turn drives the moving crossbeam 106 to move downward along the column 102. The moving crossbeam 106 synchronously drives the four columns 102 and the pressure plate 104 at the upper end to move downward. The pressure plate 104 gradually approaches and contacts the shaft spring on the pressure testing fixture 112, continuously applying pressure to compress the shaft spring. During the compression process, the power output of the drive system is stable and the loading speed is controllable, ensuring that there is no impact during the compression process of the shaft spring and avoiding damage to the shaft spring.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 is slidably mounted on the bottom of the loading frame 100 to move between the working area below the pressure plate 104 and the outside of the working area.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 achieves convenient picking and placing of the shaft spring and switching of the working area through a sliding design.

[0033] The pressure testing fixture 112 is slidably mounted on the bottom of the loading frame 100. The bottom of the loading frame 100 is provided with a suitable slide rail structure. The bottom of the pressure testing fixture 112 cooperates with the slide rail and can slide smoothly along the slide rail. The slide rail is arranged in a horizontal direction, with one end extending to the working area below the pressure plate 104 and the other end extending outside the working area, forming a complete sliding path.

[0034] The sliding of the pressure testing fixture 112 can be achieved manually or automatically. There is no jamming or deviation during the sliding process, and the sliding direction is accurate through the cooperation of the slide rail and the fixture. When the pressure testing fixture 112 slides into the working area, it cooperates with the positioning structure of the loading frame 100 to achieve precise positioning, ensuring that the shaft spring is directly below the pressure plate 104 to avoid force deviation during compression. When it slides outside the working area, the fixture is completely removed from the space below the pressure plate 104, making it convenient for the operator to pick up and put away the shaft spring.

[0035] The sliding action of the pressure testing fixture 112 is independent of the compression action of the drive system and does not interfere with each other. When it is necessary to place or remove the shaft spring, the fixture slides to the outside; when it is necessary to perform compression testing or pre-compression assembly, the fixture slides to the work area and is positioned to ensure smooth connection of the work process.

[0036] The sliding structure of the pressure testing fixture 112 is compatible with the support base 128 of the loading frame 100. The connection between the slide rail and the fixture is firm, and no deformation or loosening occurs when bearing the weight of the shaft spring, ensuring the structural stability and safety during the sliding process.

[0037] The sliding design eliminates the need for operation in narrow work areas when placing or removing the shaft spring. Operators can easily place or remove the shaft spring from the outside, reducing labor intensity and solving the problem of inconvenient handling of traditional fixed tooling.

[0038] The sliding switch allows for quick replacement of the shaft spring without disassembling the tooling, shortening the preparation time for a single operation, adapting to the maintenance needs of high-frequency daily cyclical operations, and improving overall work efficiency.

[0039] When picking up or placing the shaft spring outside the work area, the operator stays away from the pressure plate 104 and the drive system, avoiding the safety risks caused by spring breakage or lateral impact that may occur during compression, and improving operational safety.

[0040] The sliding design separates the working area from the pick-up and drop-off area, eliminating the need for additional working space. At the same time, the adaptability design of the pressure testing fixture 112 can support shaft springs of different specifications without affecting the sliding function, thus enhancing the versatility of the device.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pallet drive mechanism is further included, which is used to drive the pressure testing fixture 112 to slide between the working area and the outside of the working area; the pallet drive mechanism includes a second servo motor 114 and a linear guide rail 116.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 is automatically slidable by a tray drive mechanism.

[0043] The pallet drive mechanism includes a second servo motor 114 and a linear guide rail 116. The linear guide rail 116 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the loading frame 100 and slides in cooperation with the bottom of the pressure testing fixture 112 to provide guidance for sliding. The second servo motor 114 is fixed on the support base 128 of the loading frame 100 and is connected to the pressure testing fixture 112 through a transmission assembly to provide power for sliding.

[0044] The second servo motor 114 is electrically connected to the main control system 124 and receives control signals from the main control system 124 to realize the automatic sliding of the pressure testing fixture 112. The main control system 124 can preset the sliding stroke and positioning position. When the shaft spring needs to be placed, the motor drives the fixture to slide outside the working area; after the shaft spring is placed, the motor drives the fixture to slide to the working area and accurately position it without manual intervention.

[0045] The transmission components are designed with high precision to ensure that the motor's power is smoothly transmitted to the pressure testing fixture 112, and that the sliding speed is uniform and controllable without impact or jerking. The linear guide rail 116 has high guiding accuracy, and together with the sliding structure of the fixture, it ensures that the fixture is accurately positioned with small errors during automated sliding, without affecting the accuracy of subsequent compression operations.

[0046] The movement of the pallet drive mechanism is coordinated with the overall control of the main control system 124, and linked with the compression action of the drive system: after the tooling is positioned, the main control system 124 starts the drive system to compress; after compression, the tooling automatically slides to the outside, making it convenient to pick up and put away the shaft spring, thus realizing an automated operation process.

[0047] The precise drive of the second servo motor 114 makes the sliding positioning accuracy of the pressure testing fixture 112 higher, avoiding positioning errors caused by manual sliding, ensuring that the shaft spring can be accurately aligned with the pressure plate 104 every time, and improving the accuracy of compression testing and pre-compression assembly.

[0048] Automated sliding eliminates the need for manual tooling, reducing manual operation steps. It is especially suitable for high-frequency maintenance needs, further shortening the time of a single operation, improving overall work efficiency, and reducing the labor intensity of operators.

[0049] Automated operation avoids problems such as inaccurate positioning and incomplete sliding that may occur during manual sliding, ensuring consistency and stability in each operation and reducing the impact of human error on test results or assembly quality.

[0050] The pallet drive mechanism is linked with the main control system 124, providing a foundation for subsequent intelligent management and control. It can be integrated into automated production lines or intelligent maintenance platforms, expanding the application scenarios of the device and enhancing its technological added value.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the pressure testing fixture 112 is provided with a U-shaped groove 118 for alignment and bearing the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 achieves precise alignment and stable bearing of the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring through the design of the U-shaped groove 118.

[0053] The pressure testing fixture 112 has a U-shaped groove 118 on its upper surface. The opening of the U-shaped groove 118 faces the sliding direction. The size of the groove is adapted to the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring. The depth and width of the groove are optimized to accommodate the lower clamping plate and provide stable support. The inner wall of the U-shaped groove 118 is smooth and has no sharp protrusions to avoid scratching the lower clamping plate or shaft spring.

[0054] The center of the U-shaped groove 118 is vertically aligned with the center of the pressure plate 104. When the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring is placed in the U-shaped groove 118, the side wall of the groove limits the precise alignment of the shaft spring, ensuring that the shaft spring is subjected to uniform force during compression and does not shift laterally. The bottom of the U-shaped groove 118 is flat and has sufficient contact area with the lower clamping plate, which can stably support the weight of the shaft spring and prevent it from shaking or shifting during sliding and compression.

[0055] The U-shaped groove 118 is sized to accommodate various specifications of shaft spring lower clamps. Through the design of the groove width and depth, it can be compatible with shaft springs of different outer and inner diameters. It can meet the operation requirements of multiple platforms and multiple specifications of shaft springs without changing tooling, thus enhancing the versatility of the device.

[0056] The U-shaped groove 118 and the pressure testing fixture 112 are integrally formed, with high structural strength. They do not deform when bearing the weight of the shaft spring and the compressive reaction force, ensuring alignment accuracy and load-bearing stability during long-term use.

[0057] The limiting function of the U-shaped groove 118 enables the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring to be quickly and accurately positioned, avoiding uneven force caused by shaft spring offset during compression, ensuring the measurement accuracy of load and displacement data, and solving the problem of misalignment of traditional tooling affecting test results.

[0058] The load-bearing design of the U-groove 118 ensures that the shaft spring remains stable during sliding and compression, without shaking or displacement, thus ensuring the smooth progress of compression testing and pre-compression assembly and improving operational reliability.

[0059] The U-groove 118 is compatible with various specifications of shaft spring lower clamps, eliminating the need to replace special tooling for different specifications of shaft springs, reducing equipment investment costs, solving the problem of poor compatibility of traditional tooling, and adapting to the various main suspension spring operation requirements of EMU and urban rail bogies.

[0060] The alignment design of the U-groove 118 eliminates the need for operators to repeatedly adjust the position of the shaft spring, allowing for quick placement and alignment, thus shortening preparation time and further improving work efficiency.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 is further provided with a positioning baffle 120 and a limit switch for limiting its sliding stroke.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure testing fixture 112 achieves precise control of the sliding stroke through the positioning baffle 120 and the limit switch.

[0063] The pressure testing fixture 112 is equipped with a positioning baffle 120. The positioning baffle 120 is a rigid structure and is fixedly installed on the side or end of the fixture, arranged along the sliding direction. When the pressure testing fixture 112 slides to the working area, the positioning baffle 120 contacts the limiting structure of the loading frame 100, preventing the fixture from sliding further and achieving mechanical positioning. When it slides to the outer limit position, the positioning baffle 120 on the other side contacts the corresponding limiting structure, limiting the fixture from sliding excessively.

[0064] Limit switches are installed at both ends of the slide rail of the loading frame 100 or at corresponding positions on the positioning baffle 120, and work in conjunction with the positioning baffle 120. When the positioning baffle 120 triggers the limit switch, the limit switch sends a signal to the main control system 124. After receiving the signal, the main control system 124 controls the tray drive mechanism to stop its operation, thereby achieving electrical limiting of the sliding stroke.

[0065] The positioning baffle 120 provides mechanical limit, while the limit switch provides electrical limit. The dual limit work together to ensure that the sliding stroke of the pressure testing fixture 112 is accurate and controllable, preventing overtravel or positioning deviation. The mechanical and electrical limits are mutually redundant, improving the reliability of the limits and avoiding safety hazards caused by the failure of a single limit.

[0066] The limit switch signal is fed back to the main control system 124. The main control system 124 determines whether the tooling is in position or has slid to its limit position based on the signal status, and then controls the subsequent operation process. When the tooling is in position, the main control system 124 allows the drive system to start the compression action; when the tooling slides to the external limit position, the main control system 124 prompts the operator to remove or place the shaft spring, so as to realize the orderly linkage of the operation process.

[0067] The dual limit design ensures that the pressure testing fixture 112 can be accurately positioned each time it slides into the working area, ensuring the alignment accuracy of the shaft spring and the pressure plate 104, avoiding uneven compression force caused by positioning deviation, and improving the accuracy of test data and the quality of pre-compression assembly.

[0068] The limiting structure effectively restricts the sliding stroke of the pressure testing fixture 112, preventing excessive sliding from causing the fixture to detach from the slide rail or collide with the loading frame 100, protecting the structural integrity of the fixture, slide rail and drive system, and extending the service life of the device.

[0069] The signal feedback from the limit switch enables the main control system 124 to accurately control the tooling status, preventing the compression action from starting when the tooling is not in position, preventing the shaft spring from shifting or popping out during compression, and ensuring operational safety and stable equipment operation.

[0070] The dual limit switch eliminates the need for manual judgment of the tooling position. The main control system automatically identifies the positioning status and controls subsequent actions, reducing human error, adapting to the needs of automated operations, and improving the overall intelligence level of the operation.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nut of the ball screw 110 is fixedly connected to the moving crossbeam 106, and the first servo motor 108 is connected to the ball screw 110 through the synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the smooth transmission of loading force is achieved through the precise connection between the ball screw 110 and the moving crossbeam 106.

[0073] The nut of the ball screw 110 is fixedly connected to the moving crossbeam 106. The connection is secure, without looseness or gaps, ensuring that the linear motion of the ball screw 110 can be fully transmitted to the moving crossbeam 106. The first servo motor 108 is connected to the ball screw 110 through a synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122. The synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley, and a synchronous belt. The driving pulley is installed on the output shaft of the first servo motor 108, the driven pulley is installed on one end of the ball screw 110, and the synchronous belt is sleeved between the driving pulley and the driven pulley to realize power transmission.

[0074] After the first servo motor 108 starts, its output shaft drives the drive wheel to rotate, which in turn drives the driven wheel and ball screw 110 to rotate via a synchronous belt. The rotational motion of the ball screw 110 is converted into the linear motion of the nut, which in turn drives the moving beam 106 to move axially along the four columns 102. There is no slippage or energy loss during power transmission, and the motion conversion is precise and efficient.

[0075] The axis of the ball screw 110 is parallel to the axis of the four columns 102, ensuring that the moving beam 106 moves in a precise direction and rises and falls smoothly along the columns 102 without tilting or jamming. The installation position of the synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 is adapted to the support base 128 of the loading frame 100, without occupying working space and without interfering with other components.

[0076] The connecting structure is manufactured with high precision, the clearance between the ball screw 110 and the nut is small, and the transmission ratio of the synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 is accurate, ensuring the displacement control accuracy of the moving beam 106 and meeting the requirements of high-precision compression testing and pre-compression assembly. The connecting parts are highly rigid and do not deform under load, ensuring structural stability during long-term use.

[0077] Precise connection and power transmission enable high displacement control accuracy of the moving crossbeam 106. Combined with the precise drive of the first servo motor 108, it can achieve high-precision load and displacement control, meeting the stringent accuracy requirements of shaft spring testing.

[0078] The ball screw 110 moves smoothly, and the power transmission of the synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 is gentle, so that the lifting and lowering process of the moving crossbeam 106 is without impact or jerking. The loading force is gradually applied to the shaft spring, avoiding damage to the shaft spring by impact load, and ensuring the quality of testing and assembly.

[0079] The connection is firm and gapless, reducing wear and vibration during operation, lowering the failure rate of the drive system, extending the service life of core components such as the ball screw 110 and the first servo motor 108, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0080] Precise loading control enables the device to perform stiffness tests, full compression tests, and pre-compression assembly, adapting to various working conditions and enhancing the device's practicality and versatility.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: The data acquisition and measurement system is used to measure the load and displacement data of the shaft spring in real time during the compression process. The main control system 124 is electrically connected to the drive system and the data acquisition and measurement system. It is used to control the drive system to complete the stiffness test, full compression test and pre-compression assembly operation of the shaft spring based on load and displacement data.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the automation and precise control of the shaft spring operation are achieved through the collaboration of the data acquisition and measurement system and the main control system 124.

[0083] The data acquisition and measurement system includes a load sensor and a displacement sensor. The load sensor is used to measure the load data of the shaft spring during the compression process in real time, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement data of the moving crossbeam 106 in real time, thereby indirectly obtaining the compression displacement of the shaft spring. The measurement signals from the sensors are transmitted to the main control system 124 in real time, without delay or distortion during the transmission process.

[0084] The main control system 124 is electrically connected to the drive system and the data acquisition and measurement system. It has built-in preset operating programs, including parameter settings for stiffness testing, full compression testing, and pre-compression assembly. The main control system 124 receives real-time data from the sensors, compares it with the preset parameters, and controls the start / stop, loading speed, and loading stroke of the drive system based on the comparison results, thus achieving closed-loop control.

[0085] After the operation starts, the main control system 124 controls the drive system to lower the moving crossbeam 106, while the data acquisition and measurement system collects load and displacement data in real time. When the data reaches the preset test or assembly parameters, the main control system 124 controls the drive system to stop or reverse, completing a single operation. During the operation, the main control system 124 monitors the data in real time. If abnormal data occurs, it immediately controls the drive system to stop to ensure operational safety.

[0086] The main control system 124 has data processing capabilities, which analyze and calculate the collected load and displacement data to generate test results such as stiffness curves; it also has data storage capabilities, which record the parameters and results of each operation for easy subsequent query and traceability, and meet the needs of maintenance records.

[0087] The main control system 124 automatically completes the operation according to the preset program without the need for manual intervention in the loading process. This avoids errors caused by manual operation, ensures consistent parameters for each operation, and improves the reliability of test results and the quality stability of pre-compression assembly.

[0088] Closed-loop control ensures that the load and displacement during the loading process always meet the preset requirements, accurately achieving the different parameter requirements of stiffness testing, full compression testing, and pre-compression assembly, thus solving the problem of insufficient accuracy of traditional equipment.

[0089] Data is collected and monitored in real time. If abnormal load or over-travel occurs, operation is stopped immediately to avoid excessive compression of the shaft spring or overload of the drive system, thus ensuring the safety of equipment and operators.

[0090] Data storage and processing functions enable the results of each operation to be queried and traceable, facilitating operators to analyze changes in axle spring performance, optimize maintenance processes, and improve the maintenance quality of rail transit vehicle suspension systems.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an automatic lifting protective cover 126 is disposed around the loading frame 100, and the lifting action of the automatic lifting protective cover 126 is interlocked with the main control system 124.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, safety protection during the operation is achieved by an automatic lifting protective cover 126.

[0093] An automatic lifting protective cover 126 is installed around the loading frame 100, forming a closed or semi-closed structure, covering the working area of ​​the loading frame 100, including the pressure plate 104, the pressure testing fixture 112, and the upper area of ​​the drive system. The protective cover is made of flexible or rigid materials and has sufficient strength to withstand the force from spring breakage or lateral impact.

[0094] The protective cover is equipped with a lifting drive mechanism, which is interlocked with the main control system 124. After the pressure testing fixture 112 slides into and positions itself in the work area, the main control system 124 controls the protective cover to automatically lower, closing the work area. After the work is completed, the main control system 124 controls the protective cover to automatically rise, exposing the work area and facilitating the sliding of the pressure testing fixture 112. The lifting action of the protective cover is interlocked with the compression action of the drive system; the drive system can only be activated when the protective cover is fully lowered. During compression, the protective cover remains in the lowered state and is prohibited from rising.

[0095] The protective cover provides protection for all hazardous areas within the work zone, with no blind spots, effectively blocking fragments from broken springs or lateral impacts. A transparent observation window allows operators to monitor the work process in real time without interfering with monitoring; the window is also strong enough to prevent it from being punctured by debris.

[0096] The protective cover is equipped with an emergency rise button, allowing operators to manually raise the cover for emergency handling in case of abnormalities. The cover's structural design facilitates disassembly and maintenance, without affecting routine inspections and component replacements.

[0097] The protective cover encloses the working area and can effectively block the fragments or lateral impact force generated by the spring breaking during compression, avoiding accidental injury to operators and solving the safety hazards of traditional equipment lacking effective protection.

[0098] The lifting action is interlocked with the drive system, which prevents the operation from starting when the protective cover is not in place or the protective cover from rising unexpectedly during operation, thus preventing safety risks caused by misoperation and improving the reliability of the operation.

[0099] The transparent observation window allows operators to observe the compression process of the shaft spring in real time, promptly detect abnormalities, ensure work quality, and solve the problem of not being able to observe the operation in a fully enclosed environment.

[0100] The protective design of the protective cover enables the device to adapt to harsh working environments such as rail transit maintenance, improving the safety and practicality of the device and expanding its application scenarios.

[0101] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame 100 further includes a support base 128, the lower ends of four columns 102 are connected to the support base 128, and the drive system and pressure testing fixture 112 are both mounted on the support base 128.

[0102] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame 100 achieves stable support for the overall structure by supporting the bearing base 128.

[0103] The loading frame 100 also includes a supporting base 128, which is a rigid flat plate structure made of high-strength material, possessing sufficient load-bearing capacity and structural rigidity. The lower ends of the four columns 102 are fixedly connected to the supporting base 128, with a secure connection that is free from loosening or deformation, ensuring the verticality and stability of the columns 102.

[0104] The drive system and pressure testing fixture 112 are both mounted on the supporting base 128. The base has a suitable mounting structure. The first servo motor 108, ball screw 110, and synchronous belt pulley mechanism 122 of the drive system are fixed to the base via mounting brackets. The sliding rail of the pressure testing fixture 112 is also fixed to the base. The installation positions of each component have been optimized, the layout is reasonable, and there is no interference, ensuring that each component functions normally.

[0105] The supporting base 128 can be fixed to the ground by anchor bolts or fixing devices to ensure that the whole device does not shift during operation; the base is equipped with a horizontal adjustment structure to adjust the level of the base, ensuring that the column 102 is vertical and the slide rail is horizontal, providing a basis for the accuracy of subsequent operations.

[0106] The thickness and dimensions of the supporting base 128 have been optimized to prevent deformation when bearing the weight of the drive system, pressure testing fixture 112, and shaft spring, thus ensuring the stability of the overall structure. The connection between the base and the column 102, as well as all components, is firm and can withstand the reaction force generated during compression, preventing structural vibration or displacement.

[0107] The support base 128 provides stable support for the entire device, ensuring that the column 102 is vertical and the drive system and pressure testing fixture 112 are accurately positioned, avoiding loading deviations caused by structural shaking during operation and improving testing and assembly accuracy.

[0108] The base distributes the force of components such as the column 102 and the drive system to the ground, avoiding damage to components caused by excessive local stress, extending the service life of core components, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0109] The base provides a unified installation benchmark for all components, simplifying the assembly process of the device; at the same time, the reasonable layout provides ample maintenance space for each component, facilitating daily maintenance and component replacement, and improving the engineering applicability of the device.

[0110] The base's fixing and leveling structure allows the device to adapt to different installation surfaces without requiring special foundation treatment. It can be installed and used in various scenarios such as rail transit maintenance workshops, enhancing the device's versatility.

[0111] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame 100 is an integral high-rigidity structure.

[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading frame 100 adopts an integral high-rigidity structural design to ensure structural stability during the compression process.

[0113] The loading frame 100 is an integral, high-rigidity structure. The four uprights 102, pressure plate 104, and supporting base 128 are manufactured as a single unit or firmly connected to form a complete whole, without any seams or weak connections. The structural design has been mechanically optimized to ensure that it does not deform or vibrate when subjected to maximum load.

[0114] The loading frame 100 is made of high-strength materials, such as high-strength steel or alloy materials, which possess excellent rigidity and toughness. Precision machining is employed in the manufacturing process to ensure the dimensional and connection accuracy of each component, further enhancing the overall structural rigidity and stability.

[0115] The structural stress of the loading frame 100 has been optimized through simulation. The four uprights 102 are evenly distributed, and the connection between the pressure plate 104 and the uprights 102 is reinforced to ensure that the loading force is evenly transmitted to the shaft spring and to avoid localized stress concentration. The natural frequency of the overall structure is far away from the vibration frequency during operation to avoid resonance.

[0116] The integrated high-rigidity structure is compatible with components such as the drive system and pressure testing fixture 112, providing a stable installation foundation for each component, ensuring smooth loading of the drive system, precise sliding of the pressure testing fixture 112, and preventing structural deformation from affecting the functionality of each system.

[0117] The integral high-rigidity structure does not deform or vibrate during compression, ensuring smooth lifting and precise positioning of the moving crossbeam 106, uniform force transmission, improved load and displacement control accuracy, and meeting the requirements for high-precision testing and assembly of the shaft spring.

[0118] The high-rigidity structure can withstand large loading and reaction forces, and is compatible with the compression requirements of different specifications of shaft springs, including large-diameter, high-rigidity main suspension springs, thus expanding the applicability range of the device.

[0119] The structure has high rigidity and uniform stress distribution, which reduces fatigue damage and wear of components, lowers the failure rate of core components such as the drive system and column 102, extends the overall service life of the device, and reduces long-term maintenance costs.

[0120] The high-rigidity structure avoids safety hazards such as shaft spring misalignment and spring breakage caused by structural deformation, ensuring structural stability and safety during operation and providing dual protection for operators and equipment.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft spring stiffness preload device, characterized in that, include: The loading frame (100) includes four columns (102) and pressure plates (104) connected to the upper ends of the four columns (102). The lower parts of the four columns (102) pass through the movable crossbeam (106) and are connected to the movable crossbeam (106); A drive system is provided at the lower part of the loading frame (100). The drive system includes a first servo motor (108) and a ball screw (110) driven by the first servo motor (108). The ball screw (110) is used to drive the moving beam (106) to move axially along the four columns (102). A pressure testing fixture (112) is disposed below the pressure plate (104) and is used to place the shaft spring; The moving beam (106) is driven downward by the drive system, and the moving beam (106) drives the four columns (102) and the pressure plate (104) to move downward synchronously to compress the shaft spring on the pressure testing fixture (112).

2. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure testing fixture (112) is slidably mounted on the bottom of the loading frame (100) to move between the working area below the pressure plate (104) and the outside of the working area.

3. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a pallet drive mechanism for driving the pressure testing fixture (112) to slide between the working area and the outside of the working area; The tray drive mechanism includes a second servo motor (114) and a linear guide rail (116).

4. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper surface of the pressure testing fixture (112) is provided with a U-shaped groove (118) for alignment and bearing the lower clamping plate of the shaft spring.

5. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure testing fixture (112) is also provided with a positioning baffle (120) and a limit switch for limiting its sliding stroke.

6. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nut of the ball screw (110) is fixedly connected to the moving crossbeam (106), and the first servo motor (108) is connected to the ball screw (110) through the synchronous belt pulley mechanism (122).

7. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A data acquisition and measurement system is used to measure the load and displacement data of the shaft spring in real time during the compression process; The main control system (124) is electrically connected to the drive system and the data acquisition and measurement system, and is used to control the drive system to complete the stiffness test, full compression test and pre-compression assembly operation of the shaft spring based on the load and displacement data.

8. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an automatic lifting protective cover (126) disposed around the loading frame (100), the lifting action of the automatic lifting protective cover (126) being interlocked with the main control system (124).

9. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The loading frame (100) also includes a support base (128), the lower ends of the four columns (102) are connected to the support base (128), and the drive system and the pressure testing fixture (112) are both installed on the support base (128).

10. The shaft spring stiffness preload device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The loading frame (100) is an integral high-rigidity structure.

Images