Detection simulation experiment device for overlying strata caving area in coal mining

Abstract

The invention provides a coal seam mining overlying strata caving area detection simulation experiment device, and relates to the technical field of mine engineering and geological detection.The coal seam mining overlying strata caving area detection simulation experiment device comprises a container, a coal seam, an overlying strata, a detection device and a mining device.The coal seam is laid in the container, the overlying strata is located in the container and laid above the coal seam, and the mining device is arranged in the container; the detection device is arranged in the container, the detection device is used for detecting the fracture condition of the overlying strata, an opening is formed in the side face of the container, the mining device is arranged in the opening, and the mining device is used for mining the coal seam. By simulating coal seam mining, using the detection device to dynamically detect the overlying strata caving process and capturing the overlying strata fracture and structure change, compared with dynamic monitoring through the detection device in the actual coal seam mining process, the time is shorter, and the cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of mining engineering and geological exploration technology, and in particular to a simulation experimental device for detecting the collapse zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining. Background Technology

[0002] During coal seam mining, overlying strata often collapse due to loss of support, forming collapse zones or goafs. These structural changes have a significant impact on mine stability and safe production. A key challenge is how to further reveal the dynamic laws governing coal and rock disasters, apply these laws and accident principles to prevent and control them proactively, or provide early warning information to monitoring personnel before coal mine collapses occur, enabling timely engineering interventions. Currently, commonly used detection and research methods include using seismic wave detection, infrared detection, and acoustic wave detection to detect fractures in the overlying strata during coal seam mining. However, due to the long mining period, dynamic monitoring is time-consuming and costly, making it difficult to comprehensively study the complex geological behavior during coal seam mining. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining. By simulating coal seam mining, the device dynamically detects the caving process of overlying strata, captures cracks and structural changes, and solves the problems of long dynamic monitoring time and high cost.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: An embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, comprising: a container; a coal seam laid inside the container; an overlying strata located inside the container and laid above the coal seam; a detection device disposed inside the container for detecting the fracture conditions of the overlying strata; and a mining device having an opening on the side of the container, disposed within the opening for mining the coal seam.

[0005] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the detection device includes a housing, an infrared sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. The housing is disposed inside the container, and both the infrared sensor and the ultrasonic sensor are disposed inside the housing, with the infrared sensor positioned above the ultrasonic sensor.

[0006] More preferably, the detection device further includes a connector disposed on the top of the container, and the outer shell disposed on the connector.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the mining device includes a fixing component, a first linear motion device, and a shovel. The fixing component is disposed on the outside of the container and located at the opening. The first linear motion device is disposed on the fixing component. The shovel is disposed on the first linear motion device and located inside the opening. The first linear motion device is used to drive the shovel to move linearly to mine the coal seam.

[0008] More preferably, the mining device further includes a rotary motion device, which is disposed on the first linear motion device, and the shovel is disposed on the rotary motion device. The first linear motion device is used to drive the rotary motion device to move linearly, and the rotary motion device is used to drive the shovel to rotate.

[0009] More preferably, the mining device further includes a coal receiving trough, which is disposed on the fixing member and located below the shovel, and is used to receive the coal excavated by the shovel.

[0010] More preferably, the mining device further includes a protective shell, a camera device, and a light source. The protective shell is disposed between the shovel and the rotating motion device. The protective shell is made of transparent material. The camera device and the light source are disposed inside the protective shell. The shovel has an opening at the contact point with the protective shell. The camera device is used to image the coal seam mining situation through the opening, and the light source is used to illuminate the coal seam.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes an optical sensor and a driving device. The driving device is disposed on the inner side of the container, and the optical sensor is disposed on the driving device and located inside the overlying rock layer. The driving device is used to drive the optical sensor to move linearly, and the optical sensor is used to image the fracture condition of the overlying rock layer.

[0012] More preferably, the mining device further includes a second linear motion device, which is disposed on the fixing member, and the first linear motion device is disposed on the second linear motion device. The second linear motion device is used to drive the first linear motion device to move up and down in a linear motion.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a bottom rock layer, which is laid inside the container and located below the coal seam, and the container is made of transparent material.

[0014] The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, as described in this invention, has the following advantages over existing technologies: (1) The entire device is constructed by laying the coal seam inside the container, with the overlying rock layer located inside the container and laid above the coal seam. The detection device is installed inside the container and is used to detect the fractures in the overlying rock layer. An opening is opened on the side of the container, and the mining device is installed inside the opening and is used to mine the coal seam. In this way, by simulating coal seam mining, the detection device is used to dynamically detect the collapse process of the overlying rock layer and capture the fractures and structural changes of the overlying rock layer. Compared with the dynamic monitoring by the detection device in the actual coal seam mining process, the time is shorter and the cost is lower. (2) By setting up a first linear motion device and a shovel, the first linear motion device extends and retracts to make the shovel extend into the coal seam and bring out the coal. Coal seam mining can be simulated by digging coal with the shovel. (3) By setting up a rotating motion device, the coal in the shovel can be automatically dumped by rotating the rotating motion device. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the container of a simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, provided by the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device of the simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of the overlying strata in coal seam mining provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mining device of the simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of the overlying strata in coal seam mining provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the camera device of a simulation experimental device for detecting the collapse zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, provided by the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: Container 1; Opening 11; Coal seam 2; Overlying rock strata 3; Detection device 4; Shell 41; Infrared sensor 42; Ultrasonic sensor 43; Connector 44; Mining device 5; Fixing component 51; First linear motion device 52; Shovel 53; Opening 531; Rotary motion device 54; Coal receiving trough 55; Protective shell 56; Camera device 57; Light source 58; Second linear motion device 59; Optical sensor 6; Drive device 7; Bottom rock strata 8. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, the present invention discloses a simulation experimental device for detecting the collapse zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, comprising: a container 1, a coal seam 2, an overlying strata 3, a detection device 4, and a mining device 5. The coal seam 2 is laid inside the container 1, and the overlying strata 3 is located inside the container 1 and laid above the coal seam 2. The detection device 4 is disposed inside the container 1 and is used to detect the fractures in the overlying strata 3. An opening 11 is opened on the side of the container 1, and the mining device 5 is disposed inside the opening 11 and is used to mine the coal seam 2. Thus, by mining the coal seam 2 through the mining device 5, the mining of the coal seam 2 is simulated. When the coal seam 2 is mined to a certain extent, the overlying strata 3 collapses due to loss of support, forming a collapse zone. At this time, the detection device 4 can completely detect the formation of the collapse zone and the coal mine collapse process, and can completely capture the fractures and structural changes of the overlying strata 3. Compared with the dynamic monitoring by the detection device 4 in the actual coal seam mining process, the time is shorter and the cost is lower.

[0020] In some embodiments, the detection device 4 may be one or more of a camera, infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, seismic wave detector, and magnetic field detector. It monitors the distribution of fractures through methods such as temperature, magnetic field, and sound waves.

[0021] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the detection device 4 includes a housing 41, an infrared sensor 42, and an ultrasonic sensor 43. The housing 41 is disposed inside the container 1, and both the infrared sensor 42 and the ultrasonic sensor 43 are disposed inside the housing 41, with the infrared sensor 42 positioned above the ultrasonic sensor 43. The infrared sensor 42 is used to determine the distribution of fractures by monitoring temperature changes, and the ultrasonic sensor 43 is used to determine the deep characteristics of the fractures by analyzing density. The infrared sensor 42 is disposed within the vertical height of the overlying stratum 3, and the ultrasonic sensor 43 is disposed within the vertical height of the coal seam 2.

[0022] In some embodiments, the detection device 4 may be buried in the coal seam 2 or the overlying rock strata 3.

[0023] In this embodiment, the detection device 4 further includes a connector 44, which is disposed on the top of the container 1, and the outer shell 41 is disposed on the connector 44. The outer shell 41 is fixed to the container 1 by means of the connector 44.

[0024] The connector 44 can be made of glass, transparent plastic, or other materials.

[0025] To ensure more accurate detection by the infrared sensor 42 and the ultrasonic sensor 43, in this embodiment, the infrared sensor 42 and the ultrasonic sensor 43 are connected to the side wall of the housing 41 via a fixed bayonet, and their positions can be slidable or adjusted.

[0026] In some embodiments, the mining device 5 may be a coal transport device such as a trolley, conveyor belt, or chain, used for mining the coal seam 2.

[0027] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the mining device 5 includes a fixing member 51, a first linear motion device 52, and a shovel 53. The fixing member 51 is disposed on the outside of the container 1 and located at the opening 11. The first linear motion device 52 is disposed on the fixing member 51, and the shovel 53 is disposed on the first linear motion device 52 and located inside the opening 11. The first linear motion device 52 is used to drive the shovel 53 to move linearly to mine the coal seam 2. Thus, the extension and retraction of the first linear motion device 52 causes the shovel 53 to extend into the coal seam 2 and bring out the coal, and coal seam mining can be simulated by digging coal with the shovel 53.

[0028] In some embodiments, the fixing member 51 may be a square or circular base, etc. In this embodiment, the fixing member 51 is a box with square holes on both adjacent sides, and the first linear motion device 52 is disposed in the box and passes through the square holes.

[0029] The first linear motion device 52 may be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a linear module, a linear motor, etc.

[0030] To enable the mining device 5 to automatically mine coal without requiring manual removal of coal from the shovel 53, in this embodiment, the mining device 5 further includes a rotary motion device 54. The rotary motion device 54 is mounted on the first linear motion device 52, and the shovel 53 is mounted on the rotary motion device 54. The first linear motion device 52 drives the rotary motion device 54 to move linearly, and the rotary motion device 54 drives the shovel 53 to rotate. The rotation of the rotary motion device 54 automatically removes the coal brought out of the coal seam 2 by the shovel 53.

[0031] The rotary motion device 54 can be a rotary motor, a rotary cylinder, etc.

[0032] To facilitate the storage and cleaning of mined coal, the mining device 5 in this embodiment further includes a coal receiving trough 55. The coal receiving trough 55 is mounted on the fixing member 51 and located below the shovel 53. The coal receiving trough 55 is used to receive the coal excavated by the shovel 53. Thus, the first linear motion device 52 extends to allow the shovel 53 to penetrate the coal seam 2, and then retracts to bring the excavated coal out. Next, the rotation of the rotary motion device 54 automatically pours the coal brought out of the coal seam 2 into the coal receiving trough 55. Finally, the rotary motion device 54 rotates in the opposite direction to restore the shovel 53. This process is repeated continuously to mine coal.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, to clarify the relationship between the overlying stratum 3 and the coal seam 2 during the formation of the caving zone and the collapse process, in this embodiment, the mining device 5 further includes a protective shell 56, a camera device 57, and a light source 58. The protective shell 56 is disposed between the shovel 53 and the rotating motion device 54, and is made of transparent material. The camera device 57 and the light source 58 are disposed inside the protective shell 56. The shovel 53 has an opening 531 at its contact point with the protective shell 56. The camera device 57 is used to image the mining process of the coal seam 2 through the opening 531, and the light source 58 is used to illuminate the coal seam 2. In this way, the camera device 57 can image the mining process of the coal seam 2 in real time through the opening 531, thus clarifying when the coal seam 2 is mined to the point where the overlying stratum 3 will form a caving zone and when the coal seam 2 is mined to the point where the overlying stratum 3 will collapse.

[0034] The transparent material of the protective shell 56 can be glass, transparent plastic, etc.

[0035] To improve the accuracy of fracture analysis, this embodiment also includes an optical sensor 6 and a driving device 7. The driving device 7 is disposed on the inner side of the container 1, and the optical sensor 6 is disposed on the driving device 7 and located inside the overlying rock layer 3. The driving device 7 drives the optical sensor 6 to move linearly, and the optical sensor 6 is used to image the fracture situation of the overlying rock layer 3. Thus, by using optical, infrared, and acoustic data and image recognition algorithms to stitch together the acquired images, a three-dimensional fracture network model of the caving zone can be generated, providing a visual display of dynamic changes. Simultaneously, combined with coal seam mining imaging data, the distribution patterns of the "three zones" (caving zone, fracture zone, and bending zone) in the caving zone and their relationship with coal seam mining can be analyzed, providing a basis for mine support design.

[0036] The drive device 7 can be a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, linear module, linear motor, etc.

[0037] To make the mining process simulation more accurate, in this embodiment, the mining device 5 further includes a second linear motion device 59, which is mounted on the fixing member 51. A first linear motion device 52 is mounted on the second linear motion device 59, and the second linear motion device 59 drives the first linear motion device 52 to move vertically. Thus, by driving the first linear motion device 52 to move vertically via the second linear motion device 59, the shovel 53 can move vertically, enabling coal mining at different heights of the coal seam 2, thereby making the mining process simulation more accurate.

[0038] The second linear motion device 59 may be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a linear module, a linear motor, etc.

[0039] To make the mining process simulation more accurate, this embodiment also includes a bottom rock layer 8, which is laid inside the container 1 and located below the coal seam 2. This makes it more consistent with real mining areas.

[0040] To allow for clearer observation and a direct view of the collapse process, container 1 is made of a transparent material. This transparent material can be glass, transparent plastic, or similar materials.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for detecting the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining, characterized in that, include: container; A coal seam, which is laid inside the container; Overlying rock strata, which are located inside the container and laid on top of the coal seam; A detection device is disposed inside the container and is used to detect the fractures in the overlying rock strata. The mining device has an opening on the side of the container, and the mining device is disposed in the opening. The mining device is used to mine the coal seam.

2. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The detection device includes a housing, an infrared sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. The housing is disposed inside the container, and both the infrared sensor and the ultrasonic sensor are disposed inside the housing. The infrared sensor is disposed above the ultrasonic sensor.

3. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The detection device also includes a connector disposed on the top of the container, and the outer shell is disposed on the connector.

4. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mining device includes a fixing component, a first linear motion device, and a shovel. The fixing component is located outside the container and at the opening. The first linear motion device is mounted on the fixing component. The shovel is mounted on the first linear motion device and located inside the opening. The first linear motion device is used to drive the shovel to move linearly to mine the coal seam.

5. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The mining device further includes a rotary motion device, which is mounted on the first linear motion device. The shovel is mounted on the rotary motion device. The first linear motion device drives the rotary motion device to move linearly, and the rotary motion device drives the shovel to rotate.

6. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The mining device also includes a coal receiving trough, which is disposed on the fixing member and located below the shovel. The coal receiving trough is used to catch the coal dug out by the shovel.

7. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The mining device also includes a protective shell, a camera device, and a light source. The protective shell is disposed between the shovel and the rotating motion device. The protective shell is made of transparent material. The camera device and the light source are disposed inside the protective shell. The shovel has an opening at the contact point with the protective shell. The camera device is used to image the coal seam mining situation through the opening, and the light source is used to illuminate the coal seam.

8. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an optical sensor and a driving device. The driving device is disposed on the inner side of the container, and the optical sensor is disposed on the driving device and located inside the overlying rock layer. The driving device is used to drive the optical sensor to move linearly, and the optical sensor is used to image the fracture condition of the overlying rock layer.

9. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The mining device further includes a second linear motion device, which is mounted on the fixed member. The first linear motion device is mounted on the second linear motion device, and the second linear motion device is used to drive the first linear motion device to move up and down in a linear motion.

10. The experimental device for simulating the caving zone of overlying strata in coal seam mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a bottom rock layer, which is laid inside the container and located below the coal seam, and the container is made of a transparent material.

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