Three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting. The invention relates to a laser cutting head control method and system, in particular to a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: after a laser cutting head starts to work, obtaining the real-time temperature of each lens in the laser cutting head; when the temperature of any lens reaches a first preset temperature, a temperature drift compensation execution signal is sent to an upper computer; and when the temperature of any lens reaches a second preset temperature, a high-temperature alarm signal is sent to the upper computer. According to the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method and system, technologies such as sensors, real-time feedback and intelligent control are integrated, the precision, stability and intelligent level of laser cutting are improved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of laser cutting technology, 3D five-axis laser cutting, due to its high precision, high flexibility, and complex processing capabilities, is widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, precision machining, and other fields. The 3D five-axis laser cutting head is the core component of laser cutting equipment, and its structure is complex, involving fiber lasers, fiber optic transmission, the cutting head, water / air channels, and electrical signal channels. Existing 3D five-axis laser cutting heads have the following main shortcomings during operation:

[0003] 1. Insufficient signal integration capability: Lack of real-time monitoring and feedback of the internal status of the cutting head affects the cutting quality.

[0004] 2. Insufficient intelligent control capabilities: The lack of intelligent control, fault diagnosis and automatic adjustment functions affects the intelligence level of the equipment.

[0005] 3. High precision and high stability requirements: In high-power and complex processing scenarios, higher requirements are placed on cutting precision, stability and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method and system, which integrates technologies such as sensors, real-time feedback, and intelligent control to improve the accuracy, stability, and intelligence level of laser cutting and solve the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0007] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0008] After the laser cutting head starts working, the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head is obtained;

[0009] When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, a temperature drift compensation signal is sent to the host computer.

[0010] When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, a high temperature alarm signal is sent to the host computer.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method, after the laser cutting head starts working, the real-time temperatures of the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens inside the laser cutting head are acquired.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method also includes:

[0013] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head is acquired;

[0014] When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, a signal to replace the lens is sent to the host computer.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method also includes:

[0016] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the blowing air pressure at its front end is acquired and sent to the host computer. If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set air pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust so that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set air pressure value.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method also includes:

[0018] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface is acquired and sent to the host computer. The host computer then uses the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface to control the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool.

[0019] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system, comprising:

[0020] The main control board, which communicates with the host computer;

[0021] A cutting head monitoring board, which is electrically connected to the main control board;

[0022] A temperature sensor is installed inside the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board.

[0023] After the laser cutting head starts working, the main control board obtains the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head from the temperature sensor through the cutting head monitoring board;

[0024] When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, the main control board sends a temperature drift compensation signal to the host computer.

[0025] When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, the main control board sends a high temperature alarm signal to the host computer.

[0026] Furthermore, in the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system, multiple temperature sensors are configured to acquire the real-time temperatures of the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens inside the laser cutting head.

[0027] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system also includes:

[0028] A photosensitive sensor is disposed inside the laser cutting head and electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board;

[0029] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head collected by the photosensitive sensor through the cutting head monitoring board;

[0030] When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, the main control board sends a lens replacement signal to the host computer.

[0031] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system also includes:

[0032] A pressure sensor is installed at the front end of the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board.

[0033] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head collected by the air pressure sensor through the cutting head monitoring board, and sends it to the host computer;

[0034] If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set air pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust so that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set air pressure value.

[0035] Furthermore, the aforementioned three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system also includes:

[0036] A distance sensor is mounted on the laser cutting head and electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board;

[0037] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface collected by the distance sensor through the cutting head monitoring board, and sends it to the host computer. The host computer controls the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool based on the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0039] This invention integrates temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and photosensors to monitor the internal state of the cutting head in real time, and uploads the data to the main control board via a high-speed CAN bus to achieve real-time feedback and compensation, thereby improving cutting accuracy and stability.

[0040] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this application, so that those skilled in the art can implement them based on the description. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this application, but not all embodiments.

[0043] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method, comprising the following steps:

[0045] After the laser cutting head starts working, the real-time temperature of the collimating lens, focusing lens and protective lens inside the laser cutting head is obtained;

[0046] When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, a temperature drift compensation signal is sent to the host computer.

[0047] When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, a high temperature alarm signal is sent to the host computer.

[0048] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head is acquired;

[0049] When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, a signal to replace the lens is sent to the host computer.

[0050] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the blowing air pressure at its front end is acquired and sent to the host computer. If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set air pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust so that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set air pressure value.

[0051] During the operation of the laser cutting head, the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface is acquired and sent to the host computer. The host computer then uses the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface to control the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool.

[0052] In this embodiment, the process includes steps such as acquiring the real-time temperature of the lens, sending signals based on the temperature, acquiring the light intensity, acquiring the blowing air pressure, and acquiring and controlling the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece. By monitoring and dynamically adjusting these parameters in real time, abnormal situations during the laser cutting head's operation can be detected and addressed promptly, ensuring cutting quality and efficiency.

[0053] Specifically, in the step of obtaining the real-time temperature of the lenses, after the laser cutting head starts working, temperature sensors are used to obtain the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head. The temperature sensor can be an infrared thermopile sensor, which is a non-contact temperature sensor that uses the Seebeck effect to convert infrared radiation into an electrical signal. Its core component is a series-connected thermocouple stack, which calculates the target temperature by measuring the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends. Its core structure includes an infrared absorber (converting radiation into heat energy), a thermopile (converting temperature difference into voltage), a temperature compensation circuit, and a signal processing circuit. During operation, infrared radiation is converted into heat energy by the absorber, and the thermopile generates a voltage signal proportional to the temperature difference. After processing by the circuit, the temperature data is output. The temperature sensor is installed near the lenses to accurately measure their temperature. For example, temperature sensors can be installed near the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens to obtain the real-time temperature of these key lenses.

[0054] When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, the system sends a temperature drift compensation signal to the host computer. This is because rising lens temperature can cause temperature drift, affecting cutting accuracy. By sending the temperature drift compensation signal, the host computer can take timely compensation measures to ensure cutting accuracy. When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, a high-temperature alarm signal is sent to the host computer. The second preset temperature is usually higher than the first preset temperature. At this point, the lens temperature is too high and may damage the lens. The alarm signal alerts the operator to handle the situation promptly.

[0055] Furthermore, as an extension, the first and second preset temperatures corresponding to the internal collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens can be set to different values, further improving the alarm accuracy of the temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head.

[0056] In the step of acquiring light intensity, a light sensor is used to obtain the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head during its operation. The light sensor can be a photoresistor sensor, which is sensitive to changes in light intensity, or a photodiode sensor, which has a fast response speed. When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, it indicates that the lens may be aging or damaged. At this time, a lens replacement signal is sent to the host computer to remind the operator to replace the lens in time to ensure cutting quality.

[0057] In the step of obtaining the blowing air pressure, a pressure sensor is used to acquire the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head during its operation. The pressure sensor can be a piezoresistive pressure sensor, offering high measurement accuracy, or a capacitive pressure sensor, providing good stability. The measured blowing air pressure is sent to a host computer. If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust it. The proportional valve can precisely adjust the blowing air pressure according to the instructions from the host computer to ensure that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set pressure value, guaranteeing good blowing effect during the cutting process and removing waste generated during cutting.

[0058] In the step of obtaining the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, a distance sensor is used to measure the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface during the laser cutting head's operation. The distance sensor can be a capacitive sensor, which operates without direct contact. It emits an electric field, and when a target (such as steel, iron, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, etc.—metals have good conductivity and high dielectric constant, making them easily detectable by capacitive sensors and commonly used sensing materials in laser cutting) enters the sensing range and changes the electric field, the sensor can detect it. The distance sensor sends the measured distance to the host computer, which then uses this distance to control the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool. For example, if the distance is too large or too small, the host computer controls the movement of each axis of the machine tool to maintain a suitable distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface, improving cutting accuracy.

[0059] This embodiment achieves real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of several key parameters, including the temperature of the lens inside the laser cutting head, light intensity, air pressure, and the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece. This allows for timely detection of abnormalities during the laser cutting head's operation and the implementation of corresponding measures. Compared to traditional laser cutting head control methods, this embodiment achieves precise control of multiple parameters, avoiding unstable cutting quality and low production efficiency caused by problems such as excessively high lens temperature, abnormal light intensity, unsuitable air pressure, and improper distance between the cutting head and the workpiece. This significantly improves the precision and stability of laser cutting, extends the lifespan of the lens, and reduces production costs.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, embodiments of the present invention also provide a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system, comprising:

[0061] The main control board, which communicates with the host computer;

[0062] A cutting head monitoring board, which is electrically connected to the main control board;

[0063] A temperature sensor is installed inside the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board.

[0064] After the laser cutting head starts working, the main control board obtains the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head from the temperature sensor through the cutting head monitoring board;

[0065] A photosensitive sensor is disposed inside the laser cutting head and electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board;

[0066] A pressure sensor is installed at the front end of the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board.

[0067] In this embodiment, the cutting head monitoring board acquires the temperature of lenses at various locations in real time via temperature sensors, including the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens. Upon starting cutting, air is blown out to pierce the lens, and the current temperature T0 is recorded. The piercing process takes time Tc, during which the temperature curves of each lens are recorded. Once the lens temperature reaches the set temperature T1, a feedback signal is sent to the host computer system. Upon receiving the signal, the host computer system begins focus compensation according to the preset curve of the cutting power, thus achieving temperature drift compensation.

[0068] During the cutting process, the monitoring board compares the collected lens temperature with the set warning (alarm) threshold. If the actual temperature reaches or exceeds the warning (alarm) threshold, it outputs a temperature warning (alarm) signal back to the host computer system to prevent further cutting from aggravating lens damage and causing serious consequences.

[0069] Lens contamination monitoring function: During the cutting process, data from a photosensitive sensor is collected and compared with the preset range for normal cutting. If the actual change in scattered light data exceeds the warning (or alarm) threshold, a lens contamination alarm will be triggered, reminding the user to replace the lens in time to ensure the cutting effect.

[0070] Air pressure closed-loop detection function: After the cutting air blowing starts, the air pressure sensor at the front end of the cutting head detects the blowing air pressure and feeds it back to the host computer system. After the host computer system collects the air pressure, it compares it with the set value. If the set value is not reached, it can control the proportional valve to actively adjust to reach the set air pressure, thus realizing the air pressure closed-loop detection function.

[0071] Based on sensor feedback data, real-time adjustments and early warnings are made, and the machine tool axes are controlled to continuously process the three-dimensional workpiece contour until the processing is completed.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of this application do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application, and should all be covered within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the laser cutting head starts working, the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head is obtained; When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, a temperature drift compensation signal is sent to the host computer. When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, a high temperature alarm signal is sent to the host computer.

2. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the laser cutting head starts working, the real-time temperatures of the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens inside the laser cutting head are obtained.

3. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During the operation of the laser cutting head, the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head is acquired; When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, a signal to replace the lens is sent to the host computer.

4. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During the operation of the laser cutting head, the blowing air pressure at its front end is acquired and sent to the host computer. If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set air pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust so that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set air pressure value.

5. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During the operation of the laser cutting head, the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface is acquired and sent to the host computer. The host computer then uses the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface to control the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool.

6. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system, characterized in that, include: The main control board, which communicates with the host computer; A cutting head monitoring board, which is electrically connected to the main control board; A temperature sensor is installed inside the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board. After the laser cutting head starts working, the main control board obtains the real-time temperature of each lens inside the laser cutting head from the temperature sensor through the cutting head monitoring board; When the temperature of any lens reaches the first preset temperature, the main control board sends a temperature drift compensation signal to the host computer. When the temperature of any lens reaches the second preset temperature, the main control board sends a high temperature alarm signal to the host computer.

7. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple temperature sensors are configured to acquire the real-time temperatures of the collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens inside the laser cutting head.

8. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A photosensitive sensor is disposed inside the laser cutting head and electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board; During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the real-time light intensity inside the laser cutting head collected by the photosensitive sensor through the cutting head monitoring board; When the light intensity inside the laser cutting head exceeds the preset light intensity, the main control board sends a lens replacement signal to the host computer.

9. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure sensor is installed at the front end of the laser cutting head and is electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board. During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head collected by the air pressure sensor through the cutting head monitoring board, and sends it to the host computer; If the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head does not reach the set air pressure value, the host computer controls the proportional valve of the laser cutting head to actively adjust so that the blowing air pressure at the front end of the laser cutting head reaches the set air pressure value.

10. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting head control system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A distance sensor is mounted on the laser cutting head and electrically connected to the cutting head monitoring board; During the operation of the laser cutting head, the main control board obtains the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface collected by the distance sensor through the cutting head monitoring board, and sends it to the host computer. The host computer controls the adjustment of each axis of the machine tool based on the distance between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface.

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