Supply chain financial risk early warning system based on block chain

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of financial risk management and control, and discloses a blockchain-based supply chain financial risk early warning system, which comprises an alliance blockchain network consisting of a core enterprise, a multi-level supplier and a financial institution, a digital credit voucher generation module deployed on the chain and a dynamic risk assessment module, and is also integrated with Internet of Things equipment. After the core enterprise confirms the receipt, the module converts the receivable money into a digital credit voucher which can be transferred and split; when an enterprise applies for financing, a dynamic risk assessment module is triggered, main body credit is assessed in combination with on-chain transaction performance data and off-chain industrial and commercial judicial information, receipt integrity consistency is verified, transaction authenticity is verified, cargo in-transit data collected by the Internet of Things is analyzed, asset risks are pre-warned, and core enterprise conditions are monitored to assess systematic risks. And outputting a risk index and graded early warning, and performing risk disposal in a linkage manner. The system breaks information asymmetry, enables financing of small, medium and micro enterprises, and guarantees fund security of financial institutions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of financial risk management technology, specifically relating to a blockchain-based supply chain finance risk early warning system. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, supply chain finance, as an important means to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), has been constrained by multiple pain points in the traditional model. These problems are intertwined, restricting the reach of financial services and amplifying the risk exposure of financial institutions. In the traditional supply chain system, the credit advantage of core enterprises often fails to effectively penetrate to upstream and downstream suppliers, especially small and medium-sized enterprises at the end. Due to a lack of qualified collateral and low credit ratings, even if they hold accounts receivable from core enterprises, they find it difficult to obtain financing support from financial institutions. This "intestinal obstruction" in credit transmission stems from the high degree of opacity in transaction information. Transaction data between core enterprises, suppliers, and financial institutions are scattered in their respective internal systems, lacking a unified verification and sharing mechanism. Financial institutions find it difficult to accurately verify the authenticity of transactions and effectively track the flow of accounts receivable.

[0003] Information asymmetry has further triggered a series of risk control challenges. On the one hand, some companies forge orders, logistics documents, or acceptance certificates to obtain financing. Financial institutions' reliance on manual document review is not only inefficient but also makes it difficult to identify professional forgery, leading to frequent fraudulent financing risks. On the other hand, traditional risk control often adopts a static, post-event review approach, relying on past financial statements and business registration information. This fails to capture dynamic risks in the supply chain in real time, such as quality abnormalities in goods during transit or sudden changes in the core company's operating conditions. Often, by the time risks are exposed, irreparable losses have already occurred.

[0004] Furthermore, the indivisibility and difficulty in transferring accounts receivable limit the full realization of their financing value. If upstream suppliers hold large amounts of accounts receivable, they cannot break them down and transfer them to their upstream partners according to their own funding needs, resulting in credit failing to be transferred along the supply chain, leaving many SMEs in a financing vacuum. Meanwhile, fund settlements between supply chain participants rely on manual operations, which are cumbersome and time-consuming, increasing operating costs and making disputes prone to human error, further exacerbating the operational obstacles to supply chain finance. While the development of IoT technology has made real-time collection of goods data possible, the traditional model lacks secure and reliable data storage and sharing platforms, making it difficult to transform this data into effective risk control evidence and hindering deep integration with financial services. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a blockchain-based supply chain finance risk early warning system.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A blockchain-based supply chain finance risk early warning system includes: A consortium blockchain network consisting of nodes from core enterprises, multi-tiered suppliers, and financial institutions; A digital credit certificate generation module deployed on the network is used to convert the corresponding accounts receivable into transferable and divisible digital credit certificates recorded on the blockchain after the core enterprise confirms receipt of the supplier's goods. It also includes a dynamic risk assessment module that is triggered when a company in the supply chain applies for financing using the digital credit certificate, in order to conduct a multi-dimensional risk assessment of the financing and generate a risk warning.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-dimensional risk assessment performed by the dynamic risk assessment module includes a credit risk assessment of the entity based on the transaction performance history data of the financing applicant company accumulated on the blockchain, combined with its off-chain industrial and commercial or judicial information.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-dimensional risk assessment performed by the dynamic risk assessment module includes tracing back and verifying the completeness and consistency of orders, logistics documents, and acceptance documents associated with the digital credit voucher, and conducting a transaction authenticity risk assessment.

[0009] Preferably, the system also integrates IoT devices for real-time collection of physical status data of goods in transit and uploading it to the blockchain.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-dimensional risk assessment performed by the dynamic risk assessment module also includes analyzing the physical status data of the goods in transit, and when the data deviates from a preset safety threshold, conducting an in-transit asset risk assessment and generating an early warning.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-dimensional risk assessment performed by the dynamic risk assessment module also includes monitoring the operating status and external public opinion of the ultimate payer of the digital credit certificate, namely the core enterprise, to conduct a systemic risk assessment of the supply chain.

[0012] Preferably, the dynamic risk assessment module outputs a comprehensive risk index based on the results of the multi-dimensional risk assessment, and classifies the risk into multiple warning levels, including safe, attention, warning and danger, according to the index.

[0013] Preferably, the system performs corresponding risk management operations based on different early warning levels, including suspending the financing process or freezing the circulation of digital credit certificates.

[0014] Preferably, the digital credit certificate allows the holder to split it into multiple smaller denomination certificates according to actual payment needs and make online payments to its upstream suppliers.

[0015] Preferably, the system also includes an automatic clearing and settlement module. After the core enterprise makes payment, the module automatically distributes the funds to financial institutions and certificate holders at all levels in the supply chain based on the circulation path of digital credit certificates and the pledge financing relationship recorded on the blockchain.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention presents a supply chain finance risk early warning system built on blockchain technology. It precisely addresses the aforementioned pain points of traditional models, achieving a breakthrough while improving supply chain finance efficiency and reducing risks, while empowering all participants in the chain. Its core value lies in breaking down information barriers. Through a consortium blockchain network, it effectively connects nodes of core enterprises, multi-level suppliers, and financial institutions, enabling real-time and tamper-proof sharing of transaction data and voucher information on the chain, fundamentally solving the problem of information asymmetry. Furthermore, the generation and circulation of digital credit vouchers transforms the credit of core enterprises into divisible and transferable "digital assets," allowing SMEs at the end of the supply chain to obtain financing support based on the credit of core enterprises, completely changing the situation of poor credit transmission in traditional supply chains.

[0017] At the risk control level, this invention achieves a qualitative leap from static review to dynamic early warning. The dynamic risk assessment module integrates on-chain and off-chain data to form a multi-dimensional risk assessment system. On-chain transaction performance history data provides objective evidence for corporate credit, while off-chain business and judicial information supplements the company's comprehensive credit profile. Retrospective verification of orders, logistics, and other documents ensures the authenticity of transactions from the source. Furthermore, the combination of goods in transit data collected by IoT devices and blockchain technology advances risk warnings. When the physical state of goods deviates from a safety threshold, the system can trigger an immediate warning, shifting risk management from "post-event remediation" to "in-event intervention," significantly reducing the risk of asset loss. Monitoring the core enterprise's operating status and external public opinion further prevents systemic risks in the supply chain, providing multiple layers of protection for the financial security of financial institutions.

[0018] The system's intelligent design also significantly improves the operational efficiency and convenience of supply chain finance. The splitting of digital credit certificates and online payment functions meet the flexible fund settlement needs of enterprises, allowing credit to flow naturally with transactions. The automatic clearing and settlement module automatically completes fund allocation based on on-chain records after the core enterprise makes payment, requiring no manual intervention. This shortens the settlement cycle, avoids human error, and achieves efficient and transparent fund flow. For financial institutions, the comprehensive risk index and tiered early warning mechanism enable them to quickly identify risk levels and implement targeted risk management operations, improving the efficiency of risk control decisions. For SMEs, the lower financing threshold and simplified procedures effectively alleviate their financial pressure, helping them achieve scale expansion and healthy development.

[0019] Overall, this invention is not only a technological innovation, but also constructs a safe, efficient, and win-win supply chain finance ecosystem. It safeguards the funds of financial institutions, revitalizes the financing capabilities of SMEs, strengthens the collaborative role of core enterprises in the supply chain, and promotes the entire supply chain towards greater stability and efficiency, providing a practical solution for the digital transformation of supply chain finance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the system operation of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better illustrate the technical solution of this invention, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with a specific application scenario. This embodiment aims to demonstrate a complete, dynamic, and intelligent risk warning process, but does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] This embodiment is set as an application scenario in the supply chain of the high-end smartphone manufacturing industry. The core enterprise is a mobile phone brand manufacturer called "Company A," whose upstream Tier 1 supplier, "Company B," supplies camera modules. "Company B's" upstream Tier 2 supplier, "Company C," supplies the crucial image sensor chips. Other participants include "Bank D," which provides financial services.

[0023] The overall architecture and workflow of the system described in this embodiment are as follows: I. System Construction and Participant Access This system first constructs a consortium blockchain network based on Hyperledger Fabric. Enterprise A, Enterprise B, Enterprise C, and Bank D each act as consortium members, deploying and maintaining their own network nodes. This permissioned access mechanism ensures that only verified, legitimate participants can access and write data, safeguarding the security and privacy of business information.

[0024] Each participating party deeply integrates its internal ERP system, warehouse management system (WMS), logistics tracking platform, and other systems with the blockchain network through the API interfaces provided by the system. In particular, this system introduces Internet of Things (IoT) devices into the logistics process. For example, smart electronic locks equipped with GPS, temperature, humidity, and vibration sensors are installed on cargo containers transporting high-value image sensor chips. The real-time data collected by these sensors is continuously uploaded to the blockchain through an encrypted channel, serving as tamper-proof proof of the logistics status.

[0025] II. Core Business Processes and Risk Data Collection Digital confirmation of order and accounts receivable Company A places a purchase order for camera modules worth 50 million yuan with Company B. After the order contract is digitally signed by both parties, its hash value and key information are recorded on the blockchain, forming a smart contract, which we call the "basic transaction contract".

[0026] When Company B completes production and delivers the goods, and Company A accepts them, it confirms receipt through the system. At this point, the "basic transaction contract" is triggered, automatically generating a "transferable, divisible, and financeable" digital debt certificate representing this 50 million yuan account receivable, which we call a "supply chain digital credit certificate." This certificate is sent to Company B's digital wallet, and its essence is an electronic proof that Company A promises to pay on a specific future date, possessing the value basis for circulation within the supply chain.

[0027] Credit transmission along the chain Company B needs to pay its upstream supplier, Company C, 12 million yuan for chips. Traditionally, Company C would only receive payment after Company B makes payment. However, in this system, Company B can directly allocate 12 million yuan from its 50 million yuan digital credit certificate and pay Company C online. Upon receiving this certificate, Company C possesses a guaranteed payment backed by the credit of Company A, the core enterprise at the top of the supply chain. This process achieves the gradual penetration and transmission of the core enterprise's superior credit at each level.

[0028] Triggers of Financing Needs and Risk Assessment Company C is a small-to-medium-sized technology enterprise with light assets, and it urgently needs 8 million yuan to expand its production capacity. It has chosen to apply for online collateralized financing from Bank D using 8 million yuan of its 12 million yuan in digital credit certificates.

[0029] When Company C submits its application, the "Dynamic Risk Assessment Smart Contract" within the system is immediately activated, initiating multi-dimensional risk scanning and early warning analysis. This is precisely the core of this invention.

[0030] III. Dynamic Risk Assessment and Tiered Early Warning Mechanism The "Dynamic Risk Assessment Smart Contract" is not a one-time assessment, but a continuously running monitoring engine that makes a comprehensive judgment from the following dimensions: Credit risk dimension of the main entity The system first retrieves the historical data of Company C accumulated on the blockchain. This includes its historical transaction records with Company B and other partners, on-time performance rate, repayment records of historical financing, and whether there are any transaction disputes. At the same time, through authorized interfaces, the system will also query its off-chain public information such as business registration information, legal cases, and tax ratings to form a static basic credit profile.

[0031] Transaction authenticity risk dimension The system will automatically trace back the transaction background upon which this financing is based. It will verify whether the entire transaction chain from company A to company B, and then to company C, is complete and clear. The smart contract will check whether the relevant orders, invoices, logistics documents, warehouse receipts, and acceptance documents correspond one-to-one and are logically consistent. If any missing documents or contradictory information is found in any link, the system will immediately mark it as "transaction background penetration risk" and issue a preliminary warning.

[0032] Risk dimension of assets in transit (in conjunction with the Internet of Things) This is the key part of this embodiment. Assume company C is shipping its next batch of chips to company B. The system analyzes the IoT data of this shipment in real time. For example, the smart contract detects that due to a brief malfunction in the refrigerated transport vehicle, the temperature inside the cargo container exceeded the contractually stipulated safety threshold for two consecutive hours.

[0033] The system will not wait until quality issues arise upon delivery to react; instead, it will immediately trigger a Level 2 "In-Transit Asset Quality Risk" alert. The alert will be automatically sent in encrypted message form to the head of Company C, the purchasing department of Company B, and the loan officer at Bank D, which is currently approving financing. The message content may read: "Alert: The temperature of goods associated with order number [XX] is abnormal during transit, which may affect product yield. Please verify and handle this immediately. This event has been included in the dynamic risk score of the financing applicant [Company C]." This transforms risk management from post-event tracing to in-event intervention, significantly reducing potential bad debt losses.

[0034] Supply chain systemic risk dimension The system also analyzes the health of the entire supply chain network. For example, through a public opinion monitoring API, the system discovered that core enterprise A recently faced large-scale consumer complaints and potential recall risks due to a design defect in its new mobile phone. Although this external event is unrelated to enterprise C's direct transactions, it may affect enterprise A's future payment ability.

[0035] The system will classify this as "core enterprise related risk" and appropriately increase the risk weight of all financing transactions based on enterprise A's credit across the entire chain. Bank D will then receive a notification suggesting a more prudent approval strategy for all related financing applications, such as appropriately reducing the collateral ratio or adding other risk control measures.

[0036] IV. Risk Management and Closed-Loop Management Based on the above multi-dimensional assessment results, the system will output a comprehensive risk index and a corresponding warning level: Green: All indicators are good, and the system will automatically execute the subsequent loan approval process.

[0037] Blue: There is a minor risk factor, such as a previous delivery delay. The system will alert the financing applicant and the bank, but will not interrupt the process.

[0038] Yellow: A clear risk signal has appeared, such as the abnormal temperature of assets in transit as mentioned above. The system will suspend the financing process and require the relevant parties to provide an explanation or remedial measures within a specified time.

[0039] Red: A serious risk has been detected, such as fraudulent transactions or the financing entity being involved in major litigation. The system will immediately freeze the circulation and financing functions of the digital credit certificate and issue the highest level of alert to all stakeholders.

[0040] In this embodiment, a loan officer at Bank D received a notification due to a yellow alert being triggered. He contacted Company C, which quickly communicated with the logistics company, repaired the vehicle, and provided proof of remedial measures. After confirming that the chip quality was not substantially affected, the loan officer manually confirmed in the system that the risk had been eliminated, and the financing process could continue. Ultimately, Bank D approved the loan of 8 million yuan and automatically disbursed the funds to Company C's account via a smart contract.

[0041] When the agreed payment date arrived, Company A paid 50 million yuan for the goods. After the funds entered the system's clearing and settlement account, the smart contract executed automatically: first, it repaid 8 million yuan of loan principal and interest to Bank D; then, it paid the remaining 4 million yuan to Company C; finally, it settled the remaining amount due to Company B. The entire process required no human intervention, was highly efficient and transparent, and completed a closed loop for fund and risk management.

[0042] Through the above embodiments, the blockchain-based supply chain finance risk early warning system proposed in this invention not only solves the problem of information asymmetry, but also elevates risk management from static and lagging review to a new level of dynamic, real-time, predictable, and interventionable intelligence by introducing IoT data and multi-dimensional dynamic evaluation models. This truly empowers SMEs in the supply chain and ensures the safety of funds for financial institutions.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based supply chain finance risk early warning system, characterized in that, include: A consortium blockchain network consisting of nodes from core enterprises, multi-tiered suppliers, and financial institutions; A digital credit certificate generation module deployed on the network is used to convert the corresponding accounts receivable into transferable and divisible digital credit certificates recorded on the blockchain after the core enterprise confirms receipt of the supplier's goods. It also includes a dynamic risk assessment module that is triggered when a company in the supply chain applies for financing using the digital credit certificate, in order to conduct a multi-dimensional risk assessment of the financing and generate a risk warning.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module performs multi-dimensional risk assessments, including assessments of the credit risk of the entity based on the transaction performance history data of the financing applicant company accumulated on the blockchain, combined with its off-chain business or judicial information.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module performs multi-dimensional risk assessments, including tracing back and verifying the completeness and consistency of orders, logistics documents, and acceptance documents associated with the digital credit voucher, and conducting a transaction authenticity risk assessment.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also integrates IoT devices to collect real-time physical status data of goods in transit and upload it to the blockchain.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module performs multi-dimensional risk assessments, including analyzing the physical status data of the goods in transit. When the data deviates from a preset safety threshold, it conducts an in-transit asset risk assessment and generates an early warning.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional risk assessment conducted by the dynamic risk assessment module also includes monitoring the operating status and external public opinion of the ultimate payer of the digital credit certificate, namely the core enterprise, to conduct a systemic risk assessment of the supply chain.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module outputs a comprehensive risk index based on the results of the multi-dimensional risk assessment, and classifies the risk into multiple warning levels, including safe, attention, warning and danger, according to the index.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system performs corresponding risk management operations based on different warning levels, including suspending the financing process or freezing the circulation of digital credit certificates.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital credit certificate allows the holder to split it into multiple smaller denomination certificates according to actual payment needs and make online payments to its upstream suppliers.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an automatic clearing and settlement module. After the core enterprise makes payment, this module automatically distributes the funds to financial institutions and certificate holders at all levels in the supply chain based on the circulation path of digital credit certificates and the pledge financing relationship recorded on the blockchain.

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