New energy electrical equipment grid-connected operation stability control and regulation system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a grid-connected operation stability control and adjustment system and method for new energy electrical equipment, and aims to solve the grid-connected stability problem caused by fluctuation and randomness of new energy power generation. The system comprises a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer and a communication network, the sensing layer collects new energy output, a power grid state and meteorological data, the control layer adopts a center-edge distributed architecture, an active power distribution strategy, a reactive power compensation strategy and a frequency adjustment strategy are formulated in combination with a prediction result, and the communication network is used for communication. The execution layer executes adjustment operation through an energy storage system, a static var generator and other devices, and a communication network ensures that data transmission is safe and reliable. According to the method, through a closed-loop process of data acquisition-analysis decision-execution adjustment-feedback adjustment, new energy output fluctuation stabilization and power grid voltage and frequency stable control are realized, and meanwhile, a cooperative adjustment mechanism is adopted to improve an adjustment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the grid-connected operation of electrical equipment, specifically to a stable control and regulation system and method for the grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure shifts towards cleaner and lower-carbon energy, new energy power generation technologies such as wind power and photovoltaics are developing rapidly, and the grid-connected scale of new energy electrical equipment is continuously expanding, becoming an important part of the power system. However, new energy power generation has significant volatility, randomness, and intermittency characteristics. Its output fluctuates rapidly with changes in natural conditions such as wind speed and sunlight intensity, making it impossible to achieve a stable and controllable power supply like traditional fossil fuel power generation.

[0003] This inherent characteristic brings many challenges to the operation of the power grid: on the one hand, the instantaneous change in the output of new energy sources can cause an imbalance in the active power of the power grid, resulting in frequency deviation and voltage fluctuations, affecting power quality and even threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid; on the other hand, due to the lack of effective prediction and regulation methods, the power grid's capacity to accept new energy power is limited, and a large amount of new energy power is forced to be abandoned because it cannot be consumed in time, resulting in serious waste of resources and restricting the large-scale development of the new energy industry.

[0004] Existing grid-connected control technologies for new energy sources mostly employ single-device regulation or centralized control modes, resulting in slow response speeds, poor coordination, and insufficient adaptability. While some solutions incorporate energy storage systems or reactive power compensation devices, they lack deep coordination with new energy generation units and grid-side equipment, and lack a complete closed-loop feedback mechanism, making it difficult to accurately respond to complex and ever-changing operating scenarios. Furthermore, the reliability of traditional communication methods is insufficient; data transmission delays or interruptions can lead to control failures, further exacerbating the instability of grid-connected operation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scientifically designed, precisely controlled, and highly efficient grid-connected control and regulation system and method for new energy electrical equipment to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technologies and provide a stable control and regulation system and method for grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a system and method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment: The system comprises a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a communication network. The sensing layer comprehensively collects various operational data during the new energy power generation process and real-time grid operation status data. The control layer receives and analyzes the data transmitted by the sensing layer, generating optimized control commands based on the grid-connected operation requirements of new energy. The execution layer receives the control commands issued by the control layer and executes corresponding adjustment operations. The communication network establishes a bidirectional data interaction link between the sensing layer, control layer, and execution layer. The sensing layer, control layer, and execution layer form a complete closed-loop control architecture of "data acquisition - analysis and decision-making - execution and regulation - status feedback" through the communication network. This architecture is adaptable to grid-connected scenarios of different types of new energy electrical equipment such as wind power and photovoltaic power, achieving dynamic matching between new energy power generation output and grid operation status, and ensuring the safe, stable, and compatible operation of new energy electrical equipment and the grid.

[0007] As an improvement, the sensing layer includes a synchronous phasor measurement device, a power sensor, a voltage monitoring unit, a frequency monitoring unit, and a weather forecasting module. The sensing layer is used to collect data on the output power of the new energy power plant, the bus voltage at the grid connection point, the grid frequency, wind speed, light intensity, and the operating status of the new energy power generation unit and energy storage device.

[0008] As an improvement, the control layer includes a central controller and distributed edge controllers. The central controller is used for global optimization decision-making and coordinates the operating status of each new energy power generation unit and regulating device. The distributed edge controllers are deployed in each new energy power generation unit and energy storage device to receive decision instructions from the central controller or to independently complete localized rapid response control in emergency situations.

[0009] As an improvement, the execution layer includes an energy storage system, a static var generator, a wind turbine converter, and a photovoltaic inverter. The execution layer is used to receive control commands issued by the control layer and perform active power regulation, reactive power compensation, operating parameter adjustment, and emergency adjustment operations under fault conditions.

[0010] As an improvement, the communication network adopts a dual-link architecture, including a core communication link and a backup communication link. The communication network uses an encrypted transmission protocol to ensure the real-time performance, reliability, and security of data transmission between the perception layer, control layer, and execution layer.

[0011] The system's method for stable grid-connected operation control and regulation of new energy electrical equipment includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Collect the output power, operating status parameters, meteorological environment parameters of the new energy power generation unit, as well as the voltage, frequency, load distribution and other operating status data of the power grid through the system's perception layer to form a multi-dimensional data collection set;

[0013] Step 2: The control layer receives the multi-dimensional data collected by the perception layer, performs noise reduction, filtering and correlation analysis on the data, and combines the short-term power prediction results and the constraints of grid safety and stability operation to formulate active power allocation strategy, reactive power compensation strategy and frequency regulation strategy, and generate targeted optimized control commands.

[0014] Step 3: The execution layer receives the optimization control command issued by the control layer, and through operations such as the charging and discharging regulation of the energy storage system, the reactive power output regulation of the static var generator, and the adjustment of the operating parameters of the new energy power generation unit, it realizes the smoothing of new energy output fluctuations, the maintenance of grid voltage stability, and frequency synchronization control.

[0015] Step 4: The sensing layer collects real-time data on the status of new energy power generation and the operation status of the power grid after adjustment, and feeds it back to the control layer to form a closed-loop verification. The control layer dynamically adjusts the control commands based on the feedback data to ensure that the stable grid-connected operation continues to meet the standards.

[0016] As an improvement, step 2 includes the following for the stable control of active power: combining the short-term power forecast results, dynamically allocating the output of the new energy power generation unit and the energy storage system; when the output of new energy suddenly increases, controlling the energy storage system to charge and absorb the excess power; when the output of new energy suddenly decreases, controlling the energy storage system to discharge and supplement the power gap, thereby smoothing out the fluctuations in the output of new energy.

[0017] As an improvement, step 2 includes the following for the stable control of reactive power and voltage: taking the voltage deviation at the grid connection point as the control target, dynamically adjusting the reactive power output of the static var generator and the power factor of the new energy inverter; when the voltage deviation exceeds the preset range, controlling the static var generator and the inverter to work together to quickly restore the voltage to the stable range.

[0018] As an improvement, the frequency synchronization control in step 2 includes: real-time monitoring of grid frequency changes; when the frequency deviates from the rated value, adjusting the upper or lower limit of the output of the new energy power generation unit and adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system to maintain the grid frequency within a stable range and ensure the grid synchronization of new energy electrical equipment with the grid.

[0019] As an improvement, a coordinated adjustment mechanism is adopted in step 3. When the adjustment capacity of a single actuator is insufficient to meet the stability control requirements, the linkage adjustment mode of the new energy power generation unit, energy storage system and grid-side adjustment device is automatically activated. The coordinated action of multiple devices ensures the stable control effect of grid-connected operation.

[0020] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: This solution effectively solves the problem of the constraints imposed on grid-connected operation by the volatility and randomness of new energy power generation, significantly improving the stability and security of grid operation. Through a complete closed-loop control architecture, it comprehensively monitors the output of new energy sources and the grid status, uses the dynamic output allocation of energy storage systems and new energy power generation units to smooth power fluctuations, corrects voltage deviations through the coordinated action of static var generators and inverters, and ensures frequency synchronization through real-time adjustment, thereby reducing the impact of new energy grid connection on the grid and enhancing the grid's anti-disturbance capability.

[0021] The plan significantly improves the capacity and efficiency of renewable energy absorption. Relying on weather forecasts and short-term power forecasts, it proactively addresses power output changes through dynamic adjustment and coordination mechanisms. Excess power is absorbed by the energy storage system, and insufficient power is supplemented by the energy storage system, reducing wind and solar curtailment and allowing the power grid to more fully accept renewable energy power, thereby improving the utilization rate of renewable energy resources.

[0022] The system boasts outstanding reliability and adaptability. Its distributed "central-edge" control architecture balances global optimization with rapid local response. Dual-link communication and encrypted transmission ensure secure and stable data transmission. It can flexibly adapt to different scenarios such as wind power, photovoltaics, and integrated wind-solar-storage systems. Its modular design facilitates expansion and reduces application and upgrade costs.

[0023] It also has significant economic and social benefits, increasing the effective power generation revenue of the power plant, reducing the investment in grid peak shaving and frequency regulation, and lowering operating costs; reducing fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the "dual carbon" target, ensuring stable power supply, promoting the development of new energy and related industries, and providing support for energy structure transformation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grid-connected stable operation control and regulation system for new energy electrical equipment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be more thorough and complete.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0028] It is understood that spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "below," "above," "over," etc., can be used here to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, the element or feature described as "below" or "under" or "below" of the other element or feature will be oriented "over" the other element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "under" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations, such as being rotated 90 degrees or other orientations, and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0029] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. In the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have the transmission of electrical signals or data between them.

[0030] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0031] Referring to the accompanying drawings, a system and method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment is disclosed. The system comprises a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a communication network. The sensing layer comprehensively collects various operational data during the new energy power generation process and real-time grid operation status data. The control layer receives and analyzes the data transmitted by the sensing layer, generating optimized control commands based on the grid-connected operation requirements of new energy. The execution layer receives control commands issued by the control layer and executes corresponding adjustment operations. The communication network establishes a bidirectional data interaction link between the sensing layer, control layer, and execution layer. The sensing layer, control layer, and execution layer form a complete closed-loop control architecture of "data acquisition - analysis and decision-making - execution and regulation - status feedback" through the communication network. This architecture is adaptable to grid-connected scenarios of different types of new energy electrical equipment such as wind power and photovoltaic power, achieving dynamic matching between new energy power generation output and grid operation status, and ensuring the safe, stable, and compatible operation of new energy electrical equipment and the grid.

[0032] The sensing layer includes a synchronous phasor measurement device, a power sensor, a voltage monitoring unit, a frequency monitoring unit, and a weather forecasting module. The sensing layer is used to collect data on the output power of the new energy power plant, the bus voltage at the grid connection point, the grid frequency, wind speed, light intensity, and the operating status of the new energy power generation unit and energy storage device.

[0033] The control layer includes a central controller and distributed edge controllers. The central controller is used for global optimization decision-making and coordinates the operating status of each new energy power generation unit and regulation device. The distributed edge controllers are deployed in each new energy power generation unit and energy storage device to receive decision instructions from the central controller or to independently complete localized rapid response control in emergency situations.

[0034] The execution layer includes an energy storage system, a static var generator, a wind turbine converter, and a photovoltaic inverter. The execution layer is used to receive control commands issued by the control layer and perform active power regulation, reactive power compensation, operating parameter adjustment, and emergency adjustment operations under fault conditions.

[0035] The communication network adopts a dual-link architecture, including a core communication link and a backup communication link. The communication network uses an encrypted transmission protocol to ensure the real-time performance, reliability, and security of data transmission between the perception layer, control layer, and execution layer.

[0036] The system's method for stable grid-connected operation control and regulation of new energy electrical equipment includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Collect the output power, operating status parameters, meteorological environment parameters of the new energy power generation unit, as well as the voltage, frequency, load distribution and other operating status data of the power grid through the system's perception layer to form a multi-dimensional data collection set;

[0038] Step 2: The control layer receives the multi-dimensional data collected by the perception layer, performs noise reduction, filtering and correlation analysis on the data, and combines the short-term power prediction results and the constraints of grid safety and stability operation to formulate active power allocation strategy, reactive power compensation strategy and frequency regulation strategy, and generate targeted optimized control commands.

[0039] Step 3: The execution layer receives the optimization control command issued by the control layer, and through operations such as the charging and discharging regulation of the energy storage system, the reactive power output regulation of the static var generator, and the adjustment of the operating parameters of the new energy power generation unit, it realizes the smoothing of new energy output fluctuations, the maintenance of grid voltage stability, and frequency synchronization control.

[0040] Step 4: The sensing layer collects real-time data on the status of new energy power generation and the operation status of the power grid after adjustment, and feeds it back to the control layer to form a closed-loop verification. The control layer dynamically adjusts the control commands based on the feedback data to ensure that the stable grid-connected operation continues to meet the standards.

[0041] Step 2, which focuses on the stable control of active power, includes: dynamically allocating the output of new energy power generation units and energy storage systems based on short-term power forecast results; controlling the energy storage system to charge and absorb excess power when the output of new energy suddenly increases; and controlling the energy storage system to discharge and supplement the power gap when the output of new energy suddenly decreases, thereby smoothing out fluctuations in the output of new energy.

[0042] Step 2, which focuses on the stable control of reactive power and voltage, includes: using the voltage deviation at the grid connection point as the control target, dynamically adjusting the reactive power output of the static var generator and the power factor of the new energy inverter; and controlling the static var generator and the inverter to work together to quickly restore the voltage to a stable range when the voltage deviation exceeds the preset range.

[0043] Step 2, frequency synchronization control, includes: real-time monitoring of grid frequency changes; when the frequency deviates from the rated value, adjusting the upper or lower limit of the output of the new energy power generation unit and adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system to maintain the grid frequency within a stable range and ensure the grid synchronization of new energy electrical equipment with the grid.

[0044] Step 3 employs a coordinated adjustment mechanism. When the adjustment capacity of a single actuator is insufficient to meet the stability control requirements, the linkage adjustment mode of the new energy power generation unit, energy storage system, and grid-side adjustment device is automatically activated. Through the coordinated action of multiple devices, the stable control effect of grid-connected operation is ensured.

[0045] This embodiment discloses a system and method for stable grid-connected operation control and regulation of new energy electrical equipment. It is applicable to various new energy power generation scenarios such as wind power plants, photovoltaic power plants, and integrated wind-solar-storage power plants. The aim is to solve problems such as grid voltage fluctuations, frequency deviations, and power imbalances caused by the volatility, randomness, and intermittency of new energy output, achieving safe, stable, and compatible operation of new energy electrical equipment with the power grid. This embodiment strictly follows the technical solutions of claims 1-10, employing a closed-loop architecture of "perception-decision-execution-feedback," combined with multi-dimensional data acquisition, intelligent control strategies, and collaborative regulation mechanisms, to ensure a dual improvement in grid-connected operation stability and new energy absorption capacity.

[0046] Specific implementation details

[0047] Implementation of the perception layer:

[0048] The perception layer, as the core of data acquisition, is deployed in the power generation units, grid connection points, and key nodes of the power grid of new energy power plants. The specific implementation of its components is as follows:

[0049] Synchronous phasor measurement device: Installed on the busbar and grid interconnection line at the grid connection point of the new energy power plant, it collects voltage phasor, current phasor and phase information in real time, realizes synchronous perception of the operation status of new energy power generation and grid, and provides the control layer with the basis for phase synchronization judgment;

[0050] Power sensors: Deployed at the output end of each wind turbine, each photovoltaic string, and the energy storage system to collect real-time output power data of each unit, ensuring accurate control of the distribution of new energy output;

[0051] Voltage monitoring unit and frequency monitoring unit: integrated into the grid connection point switchgear and grid-side monitoring terminal, continuously collects grid connection point bus voltage and grid frequency data, and directly feeds back the core status parameters of grid operation;

[0052] Weather forecasting module: Real-time weather data is collected by wind speed sensors and light intensity sensors deployed at the power plant site, and combined with regional weather forecast data to generate short-term weather change trend data, providing basic support for power forecasting;

[0053] Supplementary data acquisition components: Additional data acquisition is provided for the operation status parameters of new energy power generation units (wind turbines, photovoltaic inverters) (such as wind turbine pitch angle and inverter operating temperature) and the remaining power and charging / discharging status of energy storage systems, forming a complete multi-dimensional data acquisition set.

[0054] The data acquisition actions of each device in the perception layer are coordinated to ensure that the timestamps of all data are synchronized, thus ensuring the accuracy of subsequent control decisions.

[0055] Implementation of the control layer:

[0056] The control layer adopts a "central-edge" distributed architecture, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0057] Central Controller: Adopting an industrial-grade server, it is deployed in the control center of the new energy power plant. It receives all data transmitted from the sensing layer through the communication network and has the functions of data storage, analysis and processing, global decision-making and command issuance. The central controller has built-in control strategy algorithm, which can combine short-term power prediction results with grid security constraints to formulate a globally optimized control scheme and coordinate the operating status of each new energy power generation unit and regulating device.

[0058] Distributed edge controllers: These use embedded controllers deployed in each wind turbine, photovoltaic combiner box, energy storage system control cabinet, and static var generator control box, maintaining real-time communication with the central controller. The edge controllers have localized data processing capabilities, can receive decision commands from the central controller and directly drive the actuators, and can independently activate preset control strategies in the event of communication interruption or emergency conditions to complete localized rapid response control, avoiding stability issues caused by centralized control delays.

[0059] The central controller and distributed edge controllers in the control layer work together through data interaction, which not only ensures global optimization but also improves the system's response speed and reliability.

[0060] Implementation at the execution layer:

[0061] The execution layer, as the specific mechanism for executing control instructions, comprises the following components and operates as follows:

[0062] Energy storage system: It adopts lithium battery energy storage device, which consists of energy storage battery pack, battery management system and bidirectional converter, and is deployed in the energy storage area of ​​power station. The energy storage system receives commands from the control layer and realizes charging or discharging operation through bidirectional converter. When the output of new energy suddenly increases, it absorbs the excess power and makes up the power gap when the output suddenly decreases. At the same time, it has a virtual inertial simulation function to improve the grid's anti-disturbance capability.

[0063] Static var generator: Installed near the grid connection point, it uses an inverter circuit composed of power electronic switching devices to adjust the output reactive power in real time, can quickly respond to voltage regulation requirements, and work with new energy inverters to complete reactive power compensation tasks.

[0064] Wind turbine converters and photovoltaic inverters: As core components of the new energy power generation unit, they are integrated into the wind turbine nacelle and photovoltaic array respectively. They receive operating parameter adjustment commands issued by the control layer and achieve precise control of new energy output by adjusting the modulation strategy of the converter and the output power limit of the inverter.

[0065] Emergency regulation component: An additional backup regulation device is configured in the execution layer. When a certain actuator fails, the backup device will automatically start operation to ensure the continuous realization of the regulation function.

[0066] The actions of each device in the execution layer are consistent with the control commands. By precisely executing adjustment operations, dynamic matching between new energy output and grid status is achieved.

[0067] Implementation of communication networks:

[0068] The communication network adopts a dual-link architecture, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0069] Core communication link: Adopting industrial Ethernet, deployed inside the power plant and between the power plant and the power grid dispatch center, responsible for transmitting a large amount of real-time data and control commands, ensuring high-speed and real-time data transmission;

[0070] Backup communication link: It adopts wireless communication as a redundant backup of the core link. When the core link is interrupted or fails, it automatically switches to the backup link to ensure that the data interaction between the perception layer, control layer and execution layer is uninterrupted.

[0071] Data security assurance: All data transmission processes employ encrypted transmission protocols to encrypt collected data and control commands, preventing data tampering or leakage and ensuring system security. Simultaneously, a data verification mechanism is implemented in the communication network to verify the integrity of transmitted data, ensuring that received data matches sent data.

[0072] The dual-link design and encryption verification mechanism of the communication network provide reliable communication support for the closed-loop control of the system.

[0073] Specific implementation steps of the method:

[0074] The method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment in this embodiment is based on the above system, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0075] Step 1: Multi-dimensional data collection:

[0076] After the system is started, the various acquisition devices in the perception layer simultaneously carry out data acquisition: the synchronous phasor measurement device acquires voltage phasor, current phasor, and phase data at the grid connection point; the power sensor acquires the real-time output power of each wind turbine, photovoltaic string, and energy storage system; the voltage monitoring unit and frequency monitoring unit acquire data on the grid connection point bus voltage and grid frequency; the weather forecast module acquires real-time wind speed, light intensity, and regional short-term weather forecast data; and simultaneously acquires equipment operating status parameters such as wind turbine pitch angle, inverter operating temperature, and remaining power of the energy storage system. All acquired data is organized in a unified format to form a multi-dimensional data acquisition set, which is then transmitted to the control layer via the communication network.

[0077] Step 2: Data Processing and Control Command Generation:

[0078] After receiving multi-dimensional data transmitted from the sensing layer, the control layer first performs data preprocessing: using data filtering algorithms to remove abnormal data (such as out-of-the-box values ​​caused by sensor failures), and using smoothing processing to reduce data noise and ensure data accuracy; then performing correlation analysis on the preprocessed data, and combining it with short-term power prediction results to clarify the trend of new energy output changes and the grid operation status.

[0079] Based on the above analysis, the control layer formulates three types of core control strategies and generates optimized control instructions:

[0080] Active power allocation strategy: Based on the principle of active power balance, a simple power balance formula is established:

[0081] P grid =P newenergy +P energystorage

[0082] Among them, P grid P represents the active power that the power grid can accept. newenergy P represents the actual output active power of the new energy power generation unit. energystorage This refers to the active power of the energy storage system during charging and discharging (positive during discharging and negative during charging). The function of this formula is to adjust P... energystorage The value of P makes newenergy With P energystorage Sum matching P grid This achieves active power balance and smooths out fluctuations in new energy output.

[0083] Reactive power compensation strategy: With voltage stability as the goal, a voltage deviation formula is established:

[0084] ΔU=U measured -U rated

[0085] Where ΔU is the voltage deviation at the grid connection point, U measured U is the actual voltage at the grid connection point measured by the sensing layer. rated The voltage is the grid rated voltage. This formula is used to determine the degree of deviation between the actual voltage and the rated voltage. When ΔU exceeds the preset range, reactive power regulation is triggered. By adjusting the reactive power output of the static var generator and the power factor of the inverter, ΔU is brought back to the stable range.

[0086] Frequency adjustment strategy: Establishing a frequency deviation formula:

[0087] Δf=f measured -f rated

[0088] Where Δf is the power grid frequency deviation, f measured f is the actual frequency of the power grid measured by the sensing layer. rated This is the rated frequency of the power grid. The purpose of this formula is to monitor changes in the power grid frequency. When Δf deviates from this frequency, it maintains frequency stability by adjusting the output of new energy sources and the charging and discharging power of energy storage.

[0089] Based on the above strategy, the control layer generates specific control instructions for each actuator and sends them to the execution layer through the communication network.

[0090] Step 3: Perform the adjustment operation:

[0091] After receiving the optimization control command from the control layer, the execution layer coordinates the execution mechanisms to perform adjustment operations:

[0092] The energy storage system controls the bidirectional converter to switch charging and discharging modes and adjust the charging and discharging power according to the active power distribution command, so as to absorb excess power or supplement the power gap.

[0093] The static var generator adjusts the on and off states of its internal power electronic switches according to the reactive power compensation command, changes the magnitude and direction of the output reactive power, and works with the new energy inverter to adjust the power factor and quickly restore voltage stability.

[0094] The wind turbine converter and photovoltaic inverter adjust their operating parameters according to control commands: the wind turbine converter adjusts the pitch angle to control the amount of wind energy captured, and the photovoltaic inverter adjusts the output power limit to achieve precise control of new energy output.

[0095] When the regulation capacity of a single actuator is insufficient, the system automatically activates a coordinated regulation mechanism: for example, when the voltage deviation is large, the static var generator, photovoltaic inverter, and wind turbine converter operate simultaneously, and the regulation effect is improved through the linkage of multiple devices to ensure that the grid connection point voltage quickly returns to a stable range.

[0096] Step 4: Closed-loop feedback and dynamic adjustment:

[0097] While the execution layer performs adjustment operations, the perception layer continuously collects adjusted new energy power generation status data (such as adjusted output power and equipment operating parameters) and grid operation status data (such as adjusted voltage and frequency), and transmits these feedback data to the control layer in real time.

[0098] After receiving feedback data, the control layer compares it with the preset stability control target. If the feedback data meets the target requirements (e.g., voltage and frequency deviations are within allowable ranges, and power fluctuations are effectively suppressed), the current control command is maintained. If the feedback data does not meet the target requirements, the control layer re-analyzes the causes of the data deviation, dynamically adjusts the control strategy and control commands, and reissues them to the execution layer for execution. This process is repeated cyclically, forming a complete closed loop of "acquisition-decision-execution-feedback-adjustment," ensuring that the grid-connected operation stability continuously meets the target.

[0099] Beneficial effects:

[0100] This technical solution achieves multi-dimensional technological breakthroughs in the field of new energy grid-connected operation through scientific system architecture design, precise control strategies, and efficient adjustment methods. Its beneficial effects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0101] First, it significantly improves the stability and security of power grid operation. The volatility and randomness of renewable energy generation are the core bottlenecks restricting its grid connection. This technical solution achieves comprehensive monitoring and rapid response to renewable energy output and grid status through a complete closed-loop architecture of "sensing-control-execution-feedback". In terms of active power control, the dynamic output allocation between the energy storage system and renewable energy generation units effectively smooths out the instantaneous changes and continuous fluctuations in renewable energy output, avoiding the instability caused by power surges to the grid. In terms of reactive power and voltage control, the coordinated action of the static var generator and the renewable energy inverter can quickly correct the voltage deviation at the grid connection point, ensuring that the voltage is always maintained within a stable range, providing reliable voltage support for the grid. In terms of frequency synchronization control, real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment ensure the frequency synchronization between renewable energy generation and the grid, reducing the grid operation risks caused by frequency deviation. At the same time, the system simulates the inertial characteristics of traditional power sources through virtual inertial control technology, enhancing the grid's ability to cope with disturbances, reducing the impact of large-scale renewable energy grid connection on grid stability, and comprehensively improving the grid's safety margin for accepting renewable energy.

[0102] Secondly, it significantly improves the absorption capacity and utilization efficiency of new energy sources. Traditional grid-connected control methods for new energy sources often lack accurate forecasting and flexible adjustment mechanisms, resulting in a large amount of new energy power failing to be effectively absorbed by the grid due to output fluctuations, leading to wind and solar curtailment. This technical solution, through the deep integration of meteorological forecasting modules and short-term power forecasting results, combined with dynamic and coordinated adjustment mechanisms, can proactively adjust the operating status of new energy power generation units and energy storage systems, responding in advance to output change trends. When new energy output is excessive, the energy storage system actively absorbs the excess power, avoiding curtailment caused by power exceeding the grid's absorption capacity; when new energy output is insufficient, the energy storage system quickly discharges to supplement the power gap, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of new energy power generation. This dynamic optimization model of "prediction-adjustment-feedback" breaks the rigid limitations of new energy output under traditional control methods, significantly improving the predictability and controllability of new energy power, enabling the grid to more fully absorb new energy power, effectively reducing wind and solar curtailment rates, improving the utilization efficiency of new energy resources, and providing key technical support for the large-scale development of the new energy industry.

[0103] Furthermore, the system's reliability, flexibility, and adaptability are enhanced. This technical solution adopts a distributed "central-edge" control architecture. The central controller coordinates global optimization decisions, while the distributed edge controllers achieve localized rapid response. This ensures the global optimality of the control strategy and significantly improves the system's response speed, avoiding the delays and single-point-of-failure risks that may occur with centralized control. The communication network employs a dual-link architecture and encrypted transmission protocols, ensuring not only the real-time performance and accuracy of data transmission but also preventing the impact of communication interruptions or data leaks on system operation through redundant backup design and security protection mechanisms, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the system under complex conditions. Simultaneously, the system can flexibly adapt to different types of new energy power plants, such as wind power, photovoltaic, and wind-solar-storage integrated systems. Whether in a single new energy power generation scenario or a multi-energy complementary scenario, it can adapt to different operating characteristics and grid connection requirements by dynamically adjusting control parameters and strategies. Its modular design concept also gives the system excellent scalability. Sensing devices, actuators, or expanded control functions can be flexibly added or removed according to the expansion of the power plant scale or changes in grid operation requirements, without requiring large-scale modifications to the existing system, thus lowering the threshold and cost of technology application.

[0104] Finally, it possesses significant economic and social benefits and industrial driving value. From an economic perspective, this technical solution increases the effective power generation of new energy by improving the renewable energy absorption rate, creating more electricity revenue for power plant operators. Simultaneously, through precise control and coordinated regulation, the system reduces the additional peak-shaving and frequency regulation investment required by the power grid to cope with renewable energy fluctuations, lowering grid operating costs and upgrade expenses, achieving a win-win situation for both renewable energy power plants and the grid. From a social perspective, the efficient utilization of renewable energy can reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, contributing to the achievement of "dual-carbon" goals and promoting the transformation of the energy structure towards clean and low-carbon energy. The safe and stable operation of the system also ensures the reliability of power supply, providing stable power support for industrial production and residential life, and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the social economy. Furthermore, the promotion and application of this technical solution can drive the iterative upgrading of renewable energy grid-connected control technology, promote the development of related industries such as energy storage, power electronics, and communications, enhance the core technological competitiveness of my country's renewable energy field, and lay a solid foundation for the implementation of the energy strategy of high-proportion renewable energy grid connection.

[0105] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stable control and regulation system for grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment, characterized in that: The system comprises a perception layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a communication network. The perception layer comprehensively collects various operational data during the renewable energy power generation process and real-time grid operation status data. The control layer receives and analyzes the data transmitted by the perception layer, generating optimized control commands based on the renewable energy grid connection requirements. The execution layer receives control commands from the control layer and executes corresponding adjustment operations. The communication network establishes a bidirectional data interaction link between the perception layer, control layer, and execution layer. The perception layer, control layer, and execution layer form a complete closed-loop control architecture of "data acquisition - analysis and decision-making - execution and adjustment - status feedback" through the communication network. This architecture is adaptable to grid connection scenarios of different types of renewable energy electrical equipment such as wind power and photovoltaics, achieving dynamic matching between renewable energy power generation output and grid operation status, and ensuring the safe, stable, and compatible operation of renewable energy electrical equipment and the grid.

2. The grid-connected operation stability control and regulation system for new energy electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing layer includes a synchronous phasor measurement device, a power sensor, a voltage monitoring unit, a frequency monitoring unit, and a weather forecasting module. The sensing layer is used to collect data on the output power of the new energy power plant, the bus voltage at the grid connection point, the grid frequency, wind speed, light intensity, and the operating status of the new energy power generation unit and energy storage device.

3. The grid-connected operation stability control and regulation system for new energy electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control layer includes a central controller and distributed edge controllers. The central controller is used for global optimization decision-making and coordinates the operating status of each new energy power generation unit and regulation device. The distributed edge controllers are deployed in each new energy power generation unit and energy storage device to receive decision instructions from the central controller or to independently complete localized rapid response control in emergency situations.

4. The grid-connected operation stability control and regulation system for new energy electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution layer includes an energy storage system, a static var generator, a wind turbine converter, and a photovoltaic inverter. The execution layer is used to receive control commands issued by the control layer and perform active power regulation, reactive power compensation, operating parameter adjustment, and emergency adjustment operations under fault conditions.

5. The grid-connected operation stability control and regulation system for new energy electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication network adopts a dual-link architecture, including a core communication link and a backup communication link. The communication network uses an encrypted transmission protocol to ensure the real-time performance, reliability, and security of data transmission between the perception layer, control layer, and execution layer.

6. A method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment based on the system described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect the output power, operating status parameters, meteorological environment parameters of the new energy power generation unit, as well as the voltage, frequency, load distribution and other operating status data of the power grid through the system's perception layer to form a multi-dimensional data collection set; Step 2: The control layer receives the multi-dimensional data collected by the perception layer, performs noise reduction, filtering and correlation analysis on the data, and combines the short-term power prediction results and the constraints of grid safety and stability operation to formulate active power allocation strategy, reactive power compensation strategy and frequency regulation strategy, and generate targeted optimized control commands. Step 3: The execution layer receives the optimization control command issued by the control layer, and through operations such as the charging and discharging regulation of the energy storage system, the reactive power output regulation of the static var generator, and the adjustment of the operating parameters of the new energy power generation unit, it realizes the smoothing of new energy output fluctuations, the maintenance of grid voltage stability, and frequency synchronization control. Step 4: The sensing layer collects real-time data on the status of new energy power generation and the operation status of the power grid after adjustment, and feeds it back to the control layer to form a closed-loop verification. The control layer dynamically adjusts the control commands based on the feedback data to ensure that the stable grid-connected operation continues to meet the standards.

7. The method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 2, which focuses on the stable control of active power, includes: dynamically allocating the output of new energy power generation units and energy storage systems based on short-term power forecast results; controlling the energy storage system to charge and absorb excess power when the output of new energy suddenly increases; and controlling the energy storage system to discharge and supplement the power gap when the output of new energy suddenly decreases, thereby smoothing out fluctuations in the output of new energy.

8. The method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 2, which focuses on the stable control of reactive power and voltage, includes: using the voltage deviation at the grid connection point as the control target, dynamically adjusting the reactive power output of the static var generator and the power factor of the new energy inverter; and controlling the static var generator and the inverter to work together to quickly restore the voltage to a stable range when the voltage deviation exceeds the preset range.

9. The method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 2, frequency synchronization control, includes: real-time monitoring of grid frequency changes; when the frequency deviates from the rated value, adjusting the upper or lower limit of the output of the new energy power generation unit and adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system to maintain the grid frequency within a stable range and ensure the grid synchronization of new energy electrical equipment with the grid.

10. The method for stable control and regulation of grid-connected operation of new energy electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 3 employs a coordinated adjustment mechanism. When the adjustment capacity of a single actuator is insufficient to meet the stability control requirements, the linkage adjustment mode of the new energy power generation unit, energy storage system, and grid-side adjustment device is automatically activated. Through the coordinated action of multiple devices, the stable control effect of grid-connected operation is ensured.

Images