Semi-soilless organic cultivation method and cultivation medium for pinellia ternate

Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-soilless organic cultivation method and a cultivation medium for pinellia ternate. The culture medium is barks, residual tea leaves, traditional Chinese medicine residues or a mixture of two or three of the barks, the residual tea leaves and the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the barks are willow barks or pine barks, and the grain size of the barks is 0-3 mm. On the basis of a culture medium, the invention provides a semi-soilless culture method for pinellia ternata, which comprises the following steps: S1, filling a culture device with soil (cultivation soil) with the laying thickness of 10cm or more; s2, putting pinellia ternate bulbs to be germinated on the surface of the soil; s3, the soil is covered with the mixed culture medium, and the covering thickness ranges from 6.5 cm to 8.5 cm; s4, watering, and covering with a preservative film to preserve moisture; s5, after seedlings emerge, the preservative film is removed, and normal management is conducted. According to the method, a new way can be provided for scientific production and sustainable planting of pinellia ternate; and a brand new way is provided for preventing and treating re-planting of the pinellia ternate planting land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Pinellia ternata cultivation technology, specifically to a semi-soilless organic cultivation method and cultivation substrate for Pinellia ternata. Background Technology

[0002] Pinellia ternata, also known as Diwen, Shuiyu, Qingbanxia, ​​Shigu, Yangyanbanxia, ​​Hegu, Xiezicao, Dizhubanxia, ​​Mayuguo, Sanbutiao, Fanshizi, Dizhegu, Laoheshangtou, Yeyutou, Tianluoxing, etc., is the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., a plant in the Araceae family. It is a traditional bulk medicinal material in my country and an important export commodity. Qingshui Banxia, ​​also known as Qingbanxia, ​​Qingxia, or Qingxiapian, possesses unique medicinal properties such as drying dampness and resolving phlegm, relieving nausea and vomiting, and dissipating lumps and nodules. It has a medicinal history of over two thousand years in China. At the 2017 fifth batch of agricultural product geographical indication registration and certification review meeting held by the Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, "Qingshui Banxia" obtained agricultural product geographical indication registration certification and was issued an agricultural product geographical indication registration certificate.

[0003] There are approximately eight species of Pinellia worldwide, with seven found in China, mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China, and the Yangtze River basin, including provinces such as Hubei, Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, and Shandong. Despite the wide distribution of Pinellia resources, wild populations are gradually decreasing and wild yields are drastically declining due to habitat destruction and indiscriminate harvesting. While artificial cultivation of Pinellia has developed, its expansion in artificial and factory-scale cultivation is hampered by low propagation coefficients, inconsistent varietal quality, and insufficient market seed sources. Furthermore, viral infections contribute to reduced yields, quality degradation, and low economic benefits. Research on Pinellia primarily focuses on artificial cultivation, rapid propagation without viruses, chemical composition analysis, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.

[0004] By employing high-yield, multi-cropping cultivation techniques, Xie Hang (2000) achieved three harvests of Pinellia ternata per year through intercropping with crops such as wheat, significantly improving the economic benefits of Pinellia ternata. This demonstrates that soilless cultivation can achieve multiple harvests per year for Pinellia ternata, providing a guarantee for pollution-free and high-yield production. Fei Yongjun et al. (2004), under a three-dimensional greenhouse system, set up four soilless substrate formulations: sand + sand, rice husk + sand, leaves + sand, and sawdust + sand, and studied the effects of these four different substrates on the main agronomic traits of Pinellia ternata. Fei Yongjun et al. (2004) also studied the effects of different substrates on the biomass distribution of various organs of Pinellia ternata to explore the distribution patterns of total biomass in asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, and vegetative organs. Sun Ting (2013) studied the growth and reproduction of wild Pinellia ternata under artificial cultivation conditions through comparative experiments on cultivation substrates. She screened the optimal cultivation substrate for artificially cultivated Pinellia ternata, finding that a mixture of 40% relatively hard soil, 30% river sand, and 30% sterilized Yunnan Masson pine bark yielded the best results, with the highest survival rate, plant height, and yield. Li Yunfei (2014) screened the most suitable substrate and nutrient solution conditions for Pinellia ternata seeds. The results showed that the most suitable substrate for seed germination was vermiculite-perlite, followed by vermiculite. In terms of total alkaloids, polysaccharides, and guanosine content, the suitable substrates were perlite, sand-perlite, and vermiculite-perlite. The nutrient solution with the best effect on tuber weight, diameter, and medicinal component content in Pinellia ternata seed formation was the Japanese Garden-style nutrient solution. Ye Shuangfeng (2010) used different populations of *Pinellia ternata* as experimental materials to measure indicators such as the 100-seed weight and observe the appearance morphology of mature *Pinellia ternata* artificial seed tubers obtained through tissue culture. She analyzed the main and reference indicators for classifying artificial seed tubers and formulated a quality grading standard for *Pinellia ternata* artificial seed tubers. Simultaneously, she conducted soilless cultivation research on the cultured *Pinellia ternata* artificial seed tubers, screening out suitable soilless substrate types and nutrient solution formulas. The above-mentioned soilless cultivation of *Pinellia ternata* is limited to non-organic materials; therefore, it is necessary to provide a soilless cultivation technique for *Pinellia ternata* using organic matter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a semi-soilless organic cultivation method and cultivation substrate for Pinellia ternata. The cultivation substrate used in this invention is suitable for the propagation, growth and enlargement of Pinellia ternata tubers, and can provide a medium and fertility guarantee for the growth and high yield of Pinellia ternata, and provide technical support for the industrialized cultivation of Pinellia ternata under facility conditions.

[0006] The cultivation substrate for Pinellia ternata provided by this invention is bark, leftover tea leaves, medicinal residue, or a mixture of two or three of them.

[0007] The bark is preferably willow bark and / or pine bark;

[0008] The particle size of the willow bark can be 0-3 mm, and the particle size of the pine bark can be 0-3 mm.

[0009] Experiments conducted according to this invention have confirmed that willow bark has the best effect on promoting the growth of Pinellia ternata, followed by pine bark. They can be used alone or in combination.

[0010] The dregs of traditional Chinese medicine refer to the solid waste from decocting traditional Chinese medicine.

[0011] The preferred cultivation substrate of this invention is a mixture of willow bark, leftover tea leaves, and Chinese herbal medicine residue, with a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0012] The cultivation substrate of this invention also includes dried grass leaves and / or lawn mow; an appropriate amount is mixed into the mixture of the above three to achieve the effect of adjusting the substrate structure, making Pinellia ternata easier to germinate.

[0013] The term "lawn trimming material" refers to the portion of grass cut by a lawnmower or shears during lawn mowing, which is then swept up and collected as waste.

[0014] The application of the cultivation substrate provided by this invention in the semi-soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata also falls within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0015] When using the cultivation substrate, the cultivation substrate is placed on top of the soil layer;

[0016] The soil layer is 10 cm or more thick, and the covering thickness of the cultivation substrate is 6.5 to 8.5 cm.

[0017] Based on the aforementioned cultivation substrate, the present invention further provides a semi-soilless cultivation method for Pinellia ternata, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Fill the cultivation device with soil, with a thickness of 10cm or more;

[0019] S2. Place the Pinellia ternata bulbs that are about to sprout on the soil surface;

[0020] S3. Cover the soil with the prepared cultivation substrate, with a covering thickness of 6.5-8.5cm;

[0021] S4. Watering: Water is usually poured into the bottom tray of the device and covered with plastic wrap.

[0022] S5. After emergence, remove the plastic wrap and manage normally.

[0023] As one of the main varieties of medicinal herbs cultivated in Gansu Province, the quality of Pinellia ternata directly affects its economic benefits. Protecting and researching effective cultivation methods for Pinellia ternata is of great significance to its germplasm resources. This invention provides a semi-soilless cultivation method for Pinellia ternata using plant organic matter (household waste), achieving ideal results in artificial cultivation and providing technical support for high-yield and authentic cultivation. The soil + plant organic substrate two-layer semi-soilless cultivation method provided by this invention uses a bottom-layer soil pot (or similar device) for cultivation. Therefore, the soil volume is small, easy to replace or repair, thus effectively solving the problem of replanting obstacles in Pinellia ternata cultivation and realizing industrialized cultivation. Simultaneously, the upper part of the soil in the pot is organic matter, and this organic substrate, rich in secondary metabolites of plant bio-organic matrix, provides a special medium and fertility guarantee for the growth and high yield of Pinellia ternata. This invention can provide a new approach for the scientific production and sustainable cultivation of Pinellia ternata; and provides a completely new approach for preventing and controlling replanting in Pinellia ternata planting areas. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the effects of willow bark and sawdust-semi-soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata in Example 1 of the present invention; wherein, Figure A shows Pinellia ternata seedlings cultivated in willow bark substrate; Figure B shows Pinellia ternata under sawdust substrate; and Figure C shows Pinellia ternata in willow bark substrate after maturity.

[0025] Figure 2 The following are illustrations illustrating the size of Pinellia ternata tubers harvested in soil and mixed substrate (residual tea leaves + willow bark + Chinese medicine residue) in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In Figure A, the state of the substrate layer above the soil is shown at the time of harvest. The right side is the substrate layer. At the time of harvest, the Pinellia ternata tubers remain in the organic matter layer and rarely enter the soil. Figure B shows the arrangement of large tubers harvested in a single pot. Figure C shows the distribution and weight of all types of tubers harvested in a single pot.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a statistical example of the size distribution of tubers and seeds harvested from Pinellia ternata cultivated in soil-mixed substrate (residual tea leaves + willow bark + Chinese medicine residue) in Example 2 of the present invention; wherein, Figure A shows the distribution range of tubers; and Figure B shows the total weight of various types of tubers.

[0027] Figure 4 The average weight of various tubers harvested from Pinellia ternata under different organic substrates in soil-based comparative cultivation in Example 2 of this invention is shown.

[0028] Figure 5 This refers to the total weight of different sizes of tubers harvested from Pinellia ternata cultivated in soil-different bark organic substrates in Part A of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is the effect of soil-different organic substrates on the average fresh weight of Pinellia tubers in Part B of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7This refers to the total weight of different sizes of tubers harvested from Pinellia ternata cultivated in different organic substrates in Part B of Example 2 of this invention.

[0031] Figure 8 The average fresh weight of Pinellia tubers under soil-different organic substrate combination cultivation in Part C of Example 2 of the present invention is (TCMR of Chinese medicinal residue; WT of tea residue, mainly Tieguanyin; WB of willow bark).

[0032] Figure 9 This is a comparison of the average fresh weight of Pinellia tubers under different organic substrate combinations in Part C of Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0035] The willow bark and poplar bark used in the following examples were fermented and purchased from Liulintun Village and Haomusen Horticulture Taobao Store, respectively.

[0036] Vermiculite and sawdust were purchased from a woodworking factory in Gangu County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and coconut bricks were purchased from Yangyangdeyi's Taobao store.

[0037] Vermiculite was purchased from Xuyang Mining's Taobao store. Traditional Chinese medicine residue was purchased from the Good Soil and Good Fertilizer Research Institute's Taobao store.

[0038] Example 1: Soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata

[0039] Willow bark and sawdust were used as the substrate for soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata.

[0040] Willow bark is crushed to 0-3 mm, and sawdust is made of 16-40 mesh.

[0041] Willow bark, sawdust, and vermiculite were used as substrates for semi-soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata.

[0042] The cultivation effects of different cultivation substrates, such as Figure 1 As shown, where, Figure 1 Image A shows a soilless cultivation method using willow bark as the growing medium. It is a picture taken during the seedling stage, 15 days after sowing (August 25th). Figure 1 Image C shows a semi-soilless cultivation method using willow bark as the cultivation substrate. It is a mature plant, taken 32 days after sowing (September 12th). Figure 1 Image B shows a semi-soilless cultivation method using sawdust as the cultivation substrate, taken 25 days after sowing during the leaf expansion stage (September 20th).

[0043] contrast Figure 1 The cultivation effects of different substrates show that, regardless of whether it's willow bark, sawdust, or vermiculite, the impact of the substrate on seedling growth is not significantly different during the seedling stage. This is because the seeds of Pinellia ternata are bulbs or tubers, and the tubers retain sufficient nutrients to support the seedling growth. However, once the nutrients in the tubers are depleted, Pinellia ternata enters the middle and later stages of growth, where the type of substrate plays a crucial role in its further development. High-quality substrates, such as willow bark, can provide continuous nutrition for the growth of Pinellia ternata; while sawdust and vermiculite substrates lack sustainably available nutrients, leading to premature withering of the seedlings (leaf premature senescence) and an inability to obtain the desired yield of Pinellia ternata tubers. Under willow bark substrate, Pinellia ternata can grow sustainably, with uniform plant height, neat growth, and a longer vegetative growth period, resulting in larger tubers and a greater number of tubers.

[0044] Example 2: Hydroponics of Pinellia ternata

[0045] 1. Fill the pot with soil: Fill the pot with a certain amount of high-quality cultivation soil, compact it, and fill the pot to 6.5cm.

[0046] 2. Preparation of organic matrix: Mix leftover tea leaves, willow bark, and Chinese medicine residue in a ratio of 1:1:1. Manually stir and mix the mixture in a storage box until it is evenly mixed and ready for use. The particle size of the leftover tea leaves is that of naturally dried Tieguanyin tea residue, and the size is arbitrary with no specific requirements. The particle size of the willow bark is 0-3mm. The particle size of the Chinese medicine residue is that of fermented material purchased online, consisting of particles of varying sizes from 0 to 30 mesh.

[0047] 3. Sowing: Place the unsprouted Pinellia bulbs (<1.0g / seed) on the soil surface at intervals of 1-2cm, and then sprinkle a small amount of turf mixed with soil.

[0048] 4. Covering: Cover the soil surface where the Pinellia ternata seeds have been placed with the mixed organic substrate to the specified height.

[0049] 5. Watering: Water the bottom of the pot in the tray. In the early stage of growth, use tap water and "Flower More" nutrient solution to water the tray regularly.

[0050] 6. Cover with plastic wrap to retain moisture: Cover the rim of the pot with a large sheet of plastic wrap, sealing it as tightly as possible to retain moisture. Remove the wrap after most of the seeds have sprouted.

[0051] 7. Subsequent management: Water regularly and promptly and apply nutrient solution to prevent drought; remove non-Pinellia plants; if necessary, fill the spaces between Pinellia plants with the same type of organic substrate.

[0052] The tubers of Pinellia ternata harvested using the cultivation method in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it can be seen that the specification is 49.5 × 21.1 = 0.104m. 2Size and weight of Pinellia ternata tubers within the planting area. Pinellia ternata seeds are sown from tubers weighing less than 1.0g, with a seed spacing of 1–2cm. Figure 2 The types and quantities of Pinellia ternata tubers shown are all from the harvest of a single experimental pot. The total fresh weight of the single pot harvest was 279.5g, of which the fresh weight of tubers weighing 1.0g or more reached 212.8g. Figure 2 ).

[0053] The distribution of seed size in the harvested Pinellia tubers using the cultivation method of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the distribution of different types of Pinellia tubers reveals that tubers with a fresh weight of 2.0–3.0 g / piece are more concentrated, followed by those with a fresh weight of 3.0–4.0 g / piece. Tubers with a fresh weight of 1.0–2.0 g / piece are distributed more diffusely. Figure 3 (See Figure A). It is worth noting that while the number of tubers with a fresh weight greater than 4.0 g / tuber is small, their distribution range is wide, ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 g / tuber. In terms of the number of tubers of each type of Pinellia ternata, larger tubers are fewer in number; the number of tubers weighing 3.0–4.0 g / tuber and those weighing over 4.0 g / tuber are roughly equal; the largest number are tubers weighing 1.0–2.0 g / tuber. Figure 3 (Figure B in the middle)

[0054] The average weight of different tubers harvested using the bark substrate cultivation method in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, mixing leftover tea leaves, willow bark, and medicinal residue in the same proportions creates an organic mixture.

[0055] A. Growth of Pinellia ternata under the bark substrate

[0056] Willow bark (0-3 mm particle size), pine bark (0-3 mm particle size), and coconut fiber were used as cultivation substrates, with sawdust and vermiculite as controls. The semi-soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata was carried out according to the method of this invention.

[0057] The tubers of Pinellia ternata harvested under different substrates were compared. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, among the various organic substrate systems, willow bark yielded the highest yield of Pinellia ternata, followed by pine bark and coconut fiber. With vermiculite and sawdust substrates (which lacked nutrient supply), the tuber weight of all types of Pinellia ternata was significantly lower than the first three substrates (P<0.05). Among the organic bark substrates studied, coconut fiber showed the worst effect, approaching that of the control vermiculite. In the observation of growth phenotypes in each substrate, coconut fiber showed the worst early growth phenotype, with signs of yellowing and wilting. This may be related to the high salt content of coconut fiber, which originates from the seaside. Therefore, to ensure good growth of Pinellia ternata in coconut fiber substrates, the coconut fiber needs to be thoroughly desalinated and fermented.

[0058] The total fresh weight of different types of tubers of Pinellia ternata harvested under various substrates was compared. The results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the organic matter mixture, willow bark, and pine bark substrates all allowed for normal growth, resulting in a significant number of Pinellia ternata tubers weighing over 3.0g. In contrast, the control group of Pinellia ternata grown under vermiculite and sawdust substrates produced almost no tubers over 3.0g. The tubers grown under vermiculite and sawdust substrates were mainly distributed below 3.0g, with tubers primarily ranging from 1.0 to 2.0g. Tubers below 1.0g were also more numerous than those grown under the corresponding willow bark and pine bark substrates. Figure 5 (Middle trend line).

[0059] In summary, compared with the control group vermiculite and sawdust, Pinellia ternata can achieve better growth and yield more tubers of various sizes with a single weight of less than 4.0g when using willow bark and pine bark as substrates, resulting in a higher overall yield.

[0060] Experiments using bark as a substrate for Pinellia ternata cultivation showed that Pinellia ternata grew best under willow bark substrate, especially in the early growth stage (February-May). In contrast, Pinellia ternata under pine bark and coconut brick substrates not only had weak seedlings in the early growth stage, but also experienced severe lodging at the end of the growth period. In the later growth stage (July-August), Pinellia ternata under pine bark substrate also grew well. This may be related to factors such as the degree of fermentation of pine bark. A low degree of fermentation results in incomplete decomposition of inhibitory substances, such as pine resin, which inhibits the growth of Pinellia ternata seedlings. Therefore, the degree of fermentation of substrates such as pine bark has a significant impact on this cultivation system; otherwise, it will not meet the requirements for Pinellia ternata cultivation. This also indicates that under the cultivation system of this invention, the substrate in the pot remains in a state of natural fermentation during plant growth, thus continuously providing nutrients for Pinellia ternata growth. Like willow bark, pine bark is also relatively inexpensive. The difference lies in their usage and suitability. For example, in the north, where spring temperatures are low (February-May), willow bark is more suitable, but in the south, where temperatures are higher, pine bark substrate can also be considered. Furthermore, coconut fiber bricks are expensive due to their limited availability. Therefore, their use is not recommended.

[0061] In summary, under the experimental conditions (Tianshui, Gansu), willow bark was the preferred substrate for planting Pinellia ternata. Based on this, further experiments were conducted to optimize the plant biomass composite substrate that is most suitable and has the lowest cost for planting Pinellia ternata.

[0062] B. Pinellia ternata cultivation experiment using tea dregs and traditional Chinese medicine residues as substrates

[0063] To enrich the types of substrates and develop a composite substrate cultivation system for Pinellia ternata, the effects of daily household waste tea dregs (WT) and traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) on the growth of Pinellia ternata were further analyzed. Tea dregs are leftover tea leaves; TCMR is the residue from decocted medicinal herbs, generally discarded as household waste. Both substrates contain unremoved alkaloids and / or secondary metabolites. Using willow bark (growing well) and vermiculite (containing no nutrients necessary for plant growth) as controls, the growth of Pinellia ternata in a semi-hydrophobic cultivation system using tea dregs and TCMR as substrates was observed. The results showed that, in terms of the average fresh weight of Pinellia ternata tubers of different sizes, the effect of promoting tuber enlargement was, in descending order, willow bark, tea dregs, and TCMR. Figure 6 The main component was Tieguanyin tea residue, while medicinal herb residue was purchased commercially. Furthermore, in promoting the growth and tuber yield of Pinellia ternata, tea residue and medicinal herb residue had the same effect as willow bark, and were superior to the latter. Figure 7 ).

[0064] In summary, tea dregs and medicinal herb residues can effectively promote the growth of Pinellia ternata and the yield of its tubers, which may be related to the fact that these two types of substrates can easily and slowly release alkaloids and secondary metabolites. Therefore, tea dregs and medicinal herb residues are also suitable substrates.

[0065] C. Effects of a mixed substrate of willow bark, tea dregs, and medicinal herb residues on the growth of Pinellia ternata.

[0066] In a mixed substrate composed of willow bark, tea dregs, and traditional Chinese medicine residue, the willow bark-only substrate resulted in the smallest tubers for Pinellia ternata. Among composite substrates composed of two types of substances, the willow bark + tea dregs (1:1) and willow bark + traditional Chinese medicine residue (1:1) mixtures were similar in promoting tuber size, but both were superior to the tea dregs + traditional Chinese medicine residue (1:1) mixture. The willow bark + tea dregs + traditional Chinese medicine residue (1:1:1) composite substrate showed the best effect, significantly higher than other combinations. Figure 8 In terms of total yield of different types of tubers, all mixed substrates were significantly better than the single substrate willow bark control. Among them, the mixed substrate of willow bark + tea residue + traditional Chinese medicine residue (1:1:1) was significantly better than the mixed substrate of only one of these two (P < 0.05). The effect of mixed substrates on the yield of Pinellia ternata was particularly evident in the increase in yield of large tubers with a particle size of 2.0g or more. Figure 9 ).

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate for Pinellia ternata, comprising bark, leftover tea leaves, medicinal residue, or a mixture of two or three of these.

2. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bark is willow bark or pine bark.

3. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bark particles are all 0–3 mm in size.

4. The cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate is a mixture of tree bark, leftover tea leaves, and Chinese herbal medicine residue, with a volume ratio of 1:1:

1.

5. The cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate also includes dried grass leaves and / or lawn mow for adjusting the substrate structure and facilitating the growth of Pinellia ternata seedlings by exposing them to the substrate.

6. The application of the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-5 in the semi-soilless cultivation of Pinellia ternata.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate covers the soil layer.

8. A semi-hydroponically cultivated method for Pinellia ternata, comprising the following steps: S1. Fill the cultivation device with soil; S2. Place the Pinellia ternata bulbs that are about to sprout on the soil surface; S3. Cover the soil with the prepared cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-5; S4. Water the plants and cover them with plastic wrap. S5. After emergence, remove the plastic wrap and manage normally.

9. The semi-soilless cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil layer is laid to a thickness of 10 cm or more; The covering thickness of the cultivation substrate is 6.5–8.5 cm.

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