Feed additive containing edible fungus fermentation product as well as preparation method and application of feed additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive containing an edible fungus fermentation product as well as a preparation method and application of the feed additive. The feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20%-60% of fermentation product powder, 40%-80% of a carrier, 0.01%-0.05% of an antioxidant and 1%-5% of prebiotics. The carrier is used for diluting and stabilizing the active components and improving the fluidity, the antioxidant can effectively prevent the oxidation of the grease and the active components, and the prebiotics and the active components in the fermentation product have a synergistic effect to regulate the intestinal flora. The composition integrates antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation functions, has comprehensive effects, and has better effects than those of a single-component antibody replacement product. All the components are natural sources or GRAS substances, no residues exist, no drug resistance risk exists, and the production performance and the health state of animals can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal feed technology, specifically relating to a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The long-term overuse of antibiotics in animal feed has led to serious problems such as bacterial resistance, drug residues, and environmental pollution. Globally, the trend towards "antibiotic bans and alternatives" has become increasingly prominent. Currently, antibiotic alternatives on the market include probiotics, enzyme preparations, plant extracts, and organic acids, but they often have limitations such as unstable efficacy, high cost, or limited function.

[0003] The core problem this invention aims to solve is how to scientifically formulate this multifunctional fermentation product into a highly efficient, stable, and easy-to-use feed additive, and to verify its antibiotic alternative effect through animal experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi, its preparation method, and its application.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a feed additive containing fermented products of edible fungi, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 20%-60% fermented product powder, 40%-80% carrier, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 1%-5% prebiotic.

[0007] Preferably, the adenosine content in the fermentation product powder is ≥0.5mg / g, and the ratio of adenosine to polysaccharide in the fermentation product powder is 1:25-1:35.

[0008] Preferably, the carrier is at least one of defatted rice bran, wheat bran, zeolite powder, silica, and montmorillonite.

[0009] Preferably, the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline or butylated hydroxytoluene.

[0010] Preferably, the prebiotic is fructooligosaccharide or mannooligosaccharide.

[0011] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Add 20%-60% fermentation product powder, 40%-80% carrier, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 1%-5% prebiotic to a three-dimensional mixer according to the mass ratio, and mix evenly;

[0013] S2. Granulate using a granulator, package, seal, and store in a cool, dry place.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the mixing time is 15-30 minutes.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the granulation conditions are: ring die compression ratio 1:8, steam pressure 0.3 MPa, and granulation temperature 70-80°C.

[0016] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi in feed preparation, wherein the feed additive is added to the feed at a rate of 0.5%-2.0%.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] In this invention, the carrier is used to dilute and stabilize the active ingredients and improve their flowability; the antioxidant can effectively prevent the oxidation of oils and active ingredients; and the prebiotics and active ingredients in the fermentation products work synergistically to regulate the intestinal flora.

[0019] This invention integrates antibacterial (antimicrobial peptides, adenosine), anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory (polysaccharide) functions, providing comprehensive effects and superior efficacy compared to single-component antibiotic alternatives. All components are of natural origin or GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) substances, with no residues or risk of drug resistance, and can significantly improve animal production performance and health. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: Feed additive formulation.

[0022] Fermentation product powder (adenosine 0.65 mg / g, polysaccharide 22 mg / g): 40%

[0023] Defatted rice bran (carrier): 58.5%

[0024] Ethoxyquinoline (antioxidant): 0.05%

[0025] Fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics): 1.45%

[0026] Fermentation product powder, carrier, antioxidant, and prebiotics are added to a three-dimensional mixer according to the mass ratio and mixed for 20 minutes. After being mixed evenly, it is made into a powdered additive.

[0027] Example 2: Feed additive formulation.

[0028] Fermentation product powder (adenosine 0.65 mg / g, polysaccharide 22 mg / g): 20%

[0029] Defatted rice bran (carrier): 78.99%

[0030] Ethoxyquinoline (antioxidant): 0.01%

[0031] Fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics): 1%

[0032] Add the fermentation product powder, carrier, antioxidant, and prebiotic to a three-dimensional mixer according to the mass ratio, mix for 15 minutes until uniform; granulate using a pellet mill, package, seal, and store in a cool, dry place; pelleting conditions are: ring die compression ratio 1:8, steam pressure 0.3MPa, and pelleting temperature 70°C.

[0033] Example 3: Feed additive formulation.

[0034] Fermentation product powder (adenosine 0.65 mg / g, polysaccharide 22 mg / g): 50%

[0035] Defatted rice bran (carrier): 44.98%

[0036] Ethoxyquinoline (antioxidant): 0.02%

[0037] Fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics): 5%

[0038] Add the fermentation product powder, carrier, antioxidant, and prebiotic to a three-dimensional mixer according to the mass ratio, mix for 30 minutes until uniform; granulate using a pellet mill, package, seal, and store in a cool, dry place; pelleting conditions are: ring die compression ratio 1:8, steam pressure 0.3MPa, and pelleting temperature 80°C.

[0039] Example 4: Feed additive formulation (different carriers).

[0040] Three additives were prepared, otherwise identical to those in Example 1, except that the active ingredients were all 40% of a preferred fermentation product powder (adenosine 0.65 mg / g, polysaccharide 22 mg / g), and the carrier was:

[0041] Group A: 58.5% defatted rice bran

[0042] Group B: 58.5% zeolite powder

[0043] Group C: 58.5% montmorillonite.

[0044] An in vitro simulated digestion experiment was conducted (simulated gastric juice for 2 hours, simulated intestinal juice for 4 hours) to determine the retention rate of the active ingredients. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1: Comparison results of different vectors.

[0046]

[0047] Zeolite powder not only serves as a carrier, but its porous structure can also adsorb some antimicrobial peptides and adenosine in fermentation products, releasing them slowly in the animal intestines, acting as a "slow-release reservoir" and prolonging the duration of action. Meanwhile, montmorillonite has adsorption properties, capable of adsorbing mycotoxins in the intestines, synergistically enhancing the antimicrobial function of fermentation products and comprehensively improving intestinal health.

[0048] Example 5: Feed additive formulation (different ratios of adenosine and polysaccharides)

[0049] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that five fermentation product samples were obtained from different fermentation batches, and their adenosine / polysaccharide ratio was determined. The five fermentation product samples were mixed with 58.5% zeolite powder carrier and 1.5% oligofructose at a ratio of 40% to prepare five additives.

[0050] Animals: 150 weaned piglets at 21 days old, with similar weights.

[0051] Groups: Randomly divided into 5 groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 6 pigs in each replicate.

[0052] Daily food:

[0053] Control group: basal diet.

[0054] Experimental groups 1-5: basal diet + 1.0% of the above 5 different additives (corresponding to samples S1-S5).

[0055] Experimental period: A short-term (14-day) growth experiment was conducted on piglets, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0056] Table 2: Results of different adenosine to polysaccharide ratios.

[0057]

[0058] Among them, different letters in the shoulder labels of the same data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). As can be seen from Table 2:

[0059] Growth performance (ADG, F / G): The sample S3 group (ratio approximately 1:30) had the highest average daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio, significantly better than other ratio groups and the control group. This indicates that at this ratio, the animals' growth efficiency and feed utilization reached their optimal levels.

[0060] Gut health (diarrhea rate): The diarrhea rate was lowest in group S3, and significantly different from groups S2 and S4. This indicates that a 1:30 ratio is most effective in maintaining intestinal barrier function and resisting pathogen infection.

[0061] Immune function (serum IgG): The S3 group had the highest IgG level, indicating that this ratio can most effectively activate the body's humoral immune response and provide systemic immune protection for the animals.

[0062] Determining the "optimal range": Considering all indicators, a ratio between 1:40 and 1:20 showed good results, but with 1:30 as the center, within the range of approximately 1:25 to 1:35, all indicators reached statistically optimal values. Deviations from this range (such as S1 and S5), while still better than the control group, resulted in a significant decrease in effectiveness. Therefore, when the ratio of adenosine to polysaccharide in the fermentation product is maintained at 1:25-1:35, its effect on promoting growth and maintaining intestinal health is optimal.

[0063] Adenosine, as an important endogenous signaling molecule and immunomodulator, can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and reduce nutrient consumption caused by immune stress by acting on receptors on immune cells. In weaned piglets, this means they can cope with weaning stress more effectively and avoid growth retardation.

[0064] Polysaccharides are fungal polysaccharides produced by edible fungi and are recognized as immune enhancers and prebiotics. They can not only directly stimulate the immune system, but also promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the gut (such as lactobacilli) and maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.

[0065] If the ratio of adenosine to polysaccharides is too low (e.g., 1:50, meaning polysaccharides are relatively excessive), it may lead to overstimulation of the immune system. The animal body will need to allocate too much energy and nutrients to the immune response, which will in turn affect the growth rate (decreased ADG). This is growth inhibition caused by excessive immunization.

[0066] If the ratio of adenosine to polysaccharides is too high (e.g., 1:15, meaning adenosine is relatively excessive): although the anti-inflammatory effect is strong, the prebiotic and immune support functions of polysaccharides may be insufficient. This leads to poor gut microbiota regulation and physical barrier construction, making it difficult to effectively control diarrhea rates and resulting in an overall weak immune foundation.

[0067] Within the 1:25 to 1:35 range, the anti-inflammatory / immune-stabilizing effects of adenosine and the immune-building / probiotic effects of polysaccharides achieve a delicate synergy and balance. Animals gain strong immune protection (low diarrhea rate, high immune indicators) without wasting energy due to an overactive immune system, thus enabling them to allocate more nutrients to growth (optimal ADG and F / G ratio). This is an ideal state of stabilization without energy depletion and growth promotion without disease.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Experimental animals: 120 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets of similar weight at 21 days of age were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, with 4 replicates in each treatment group and 10 pigs in each replicate.

[0070] Trial period: 3 days of pre-feeding period and 28 days of formal trial period.

[0071] Basal diet: Corn-soybean meal basal diet.

[0072] Group design:

[0073] Control group: fed with a basal diet.

[0074] Antibiotic group: basal diet + 75mg / kg chlortetracycline.

[0075] Experimental group: basal diet + 1.0% of the feed additive prepared in Example 1.

[0076] Measurement indicators:

[0077] Growth performance: Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (F / G).

[0078] Diarrhea rate: Observe and record the first episode of diarrhea each day, and calculate the diarrhea rate.

[0079] Serum immune indicators: At the end of the test, blood was collected from the anterior vena cava, serum was separated, and the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were measured.

[0080] The three groups of experimental animals were fed for 28 days using three different feeding schemes. The results are shown in Table 3 (data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation).

[0081] Table 3: Results of feeding three groups of experimental animals for 28 days using three different feeding schemes.

[0082]

[0083] Note: Different letters in the superscript of the same data indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0084] From Table 2 we can see that:

[0085] (1) Gut health: In the fermentation product of this invention, adenosine (immunomodulatory) and antimicrobial peptides (direct bactericidal) coexist. Adenosine is not an exogenously added chemical pure product, but one of the natural metabolites produced during the fermentation process. It, along with other symbiotic active substances (polysaccharides), constitutes a complex and synergistic micro-ecosystem. The diarrhea rate in the experimental group (Example 1) was significantly lower than that in the control group, demonstrating its good anti-diarrheal and intestinal protective capabilities. This is the result of the synergistic effect of "direct bactericidal action (antimicrobial peptides)" and "enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity (adenosine, polysaccharides)". This "two-pronged" mechanism is less likely to induce bacterial resistance than using antibiotics or immune enhancers alone.

[0086] (2) Immunomodulation and Growth Performance: When adenosine interacts with fungal polysaccharides in the product, it induces a "mild and sustained" state of immune activation, rather than a severe inflammatory response. This is reflected in animal experiments where the serum IgG and IL-2 levels in the experimental group (Example 1) were significantly higher than those in the other two groups, while the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were also superior to those in the antibiotic group. This achieved a win-win situation of "immune enhancement" and "growth promotion," which is difficult to achieve by exogenously adding pure adenosine. This is because excessive activation of the immune system usually consumes a large amount of nutrients, leading to a decline in growth performance.

[0087] In the fermentation product matrix, substances such as adenosine, antimicrobial peptides, and polysaccharides combine with each other, enabling them to maintain higher stability and bioactivity during feed processing (granulation), storage, and in the animal gastrointestinal environment.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components by weight percentage: 20%-60% fermentation product powder, 40%-80% carrier, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 1%-5% prebiotic.

2. The feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation product powder contains adenosine content ≥0.5mg / g, and the ratio of adenosine to polysaccharide in the fermentation product powder is 1:25-1:

35.

3. The feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier is at least one of defatted rice bran, wheat bran, zeolite powder, silica, and montmorillonite.

4. The feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline or butylated hydroxytoluene.

5. The feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prebiotic is fructooligosaccharide or mannooligosaccharide.

6. A method for preparing a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Add 20%-60% fermentation product powder, 40%-80% carrier, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 1%-5% prebiotic to a three-dimensional mixer according to the mass ratio, and mix evenly; S2. Granulate using a granulator, package, seal, and store in a cool, dry place.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the mixing time is 15-30 minutes.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the granulation conditions are: ring die compression ratio 1:8, steam pressure 0.3MPa, and granulation temperature 70-80°C.

9. The application of a feed additive containing fermentation products of edible fungi as described in any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of feed, characterized in that, The feed additive is added to the feed at a rate of 0.5%-2.0%.

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