Laser-arc hybrid welding clamping tool for excavator bucket stick side plate

Abstract

The application provides a laser-arc composite welding clamping tool for a side plate of a excavator arm, and relates to the technical field of clamping tools.The laser-arc composite welding clamping tool for the side plate of the excavator arm comprises a workbench, a front plate positioning mechanism, a middle plate positioning mechanism, a rear plate positioning mechanism, a first pressing mechanism and a second pressing mechanism.The front plate positioning mechanism comprises a first support and a first inner support chuck.The middle plate positioning mechanism comprises a second support.The rear plate positioning mechanism comprises a third support and a second inner support chuck.The first pressing mechanism comprises two first pressing rods arranged at intervals.The second pressing mechanism comprises two second pressing rods arranged at intervals.The laser-arc composite welding clamping tool for the side plate of the excavator arm can realize the cooperative control of the positioning of the front plate, the middle plate and the rear plate through the split positioning mechanism, and can form a closed loop constraint with the pressing mechanism, thereby solving the cumulative error problem during the splicing of multiple plates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of clamping fixture technology, and more specifically, to a laser-arc composite welding clamping fixture for the side plate of an excavator boom. Background Technology

[0002] As a core load-bearing component of excavators, the welding quality of the excavator's boom directly affects the overall machine's performance and service life. Traditional boom side plate welding employs a three-plate structure (front, middle, and rear plates) and manual assembly, which has the following technical drawbacks: First, the laser-arc hybrid welding process demands extremely high precision in weld gaps, and manual hoisting and positioning makes it difficult to ensure consistency across multiple batches. Second, controlling misalignment of plates of different thicknesses relies on worker experience, easily leading to welding deformation. Third, traditional fixtures lack adaptive adjustment capabilities, failing to effectively compensate for plate processing errors. Furthermore, existing tooling struggles to achieve coordinated control of precise positioning and reliable clamping, resulting in defects such as weld misalignment and incomplete fusion during welding. These problems not only cause a high rework rate but also restrict the quality stability of mass production of key components for construction machinery. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates, which has the advantages of improving positioning accuracy, reducing welding deformation, and adapting to plate processing errors.

[0004] This invention provides a laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates, comprising: a worktable, a front plate positioning mechanism, a middle plate positioning mechanism, a rear plate positioning mechanism, a first clamping mechanism, and a second clamping mechanism. The front plate positioning mechanism, the middle plate positioning mechanism, and the rear plate positioning mechanism are sequentially arranged on the worktable. The front plate positioning mechanism includes a first bracket and a first inner support chuck. The first bracket supports the front plate, and the first inner support chuck is used to tightly fit with the hole structure on the front plate. The middle plate positioning mechanism includes a second bracket, which supports the middle plate. The rear plate positioning mechanism includes a third bracket and a second inner support chuck. The third bracket supports the rear plate, and the second inner support chuck is used to tightly fit with the hole structure on the rear plate. The first clamping mechanism includes two spaced-apart first clamping rods, which are used to press against the joints of the front plate and the middle plate near each other. The second clamping mechanism includes two spaced-apart second clamping rods, which are used to press against the joints of the rear plate and the middle plate near each other.

[0005] The first pressing mechanism further includes a first portal frame, a first telescopic cylinder, a first support, and a first swing block. The first portal frame includes a first intermediate plate and first side plates connected to both ends of the first intermediate plate. The first telescopic cylinder is respectively provided on the end faces of the two first side plates facing away from each other. The two first supports are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two first telescopic cylinders. The two first swing blocks are respectively hinged to the two first supports. Each first swing block has two first slots. The two first pressing rods are used to engage in the corresponding first slots on the two first swing blocks.

[0006] The second pressing mechanism further includes a second gantry frame, a second telescopic cylinder, a second support, and a second swing block. The second gantry frame includes a second intermediate plate and second side plates connected to both ends of the second intermediate plate. The two second side plates are respectively provided with second telescopic cylinders on their opposite end faces. The two second supports are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two second telescopic cylinders. The two second swing blocks are respectively hinged to the two second supports. Each second swing block has two second slots. The two second pressing rods are used to engage in the corresponding second slots on the two second swing blocks.

[0007] The present invention provides a laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates, which, compared with related technologies, has the following beneficial effects, but is not limited to:

[0008] The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates described in this invention features a front plate supported by a first bracket, with a first inner support chuck inserted into its hole structure for radial positioning, eliminating horizontal displacement errors in the plate. The middle plate is supported by a second bracket, with one end of the middle plate mating with one end of the front plate. The rear plate is supported by a third bracket and, after hole positioning with a second inner support chuck, one end of the rear plate also mats with one end of the middle plate. Two first clamping rods of the first clamping mechanism act on both sides of the joint between the front and middle plates, and two second clamping rods of the second clamping mechanism act on both sides of the joint between the rear and middle plates, preventing misalignment during welding. During welding, the first and second inner support chucks maintain the hole positioning reference unchanged, while the first and second clamping rods continuously apply pressure to counteract joint misalignment caused by thermal stress. Compared to related technologies, existing positioning fixtures often use a single reference plane for positioning, which cannot adapt to the different positioning requirements of three-piece plates. This solution utilizes a split positioning mechanism to achieve coordinated control of the front, middle, and rear plate positioning, forming a closed-loop constraint with the clamping mechanism, thus resolving the cumulative error problem during multi-plate splicing. Traditional clamping devices typically apply pressure at a single point; this solution employs a symmetrical arrangement of two clamping rods, effectively suppressing asymmetric deformation during welding.

[0009] Optionally, the front panel positioning mechanism further includes a first X-axis guide rail, a first slide table, a first Y-axis guide rail, and a second slide table. The first X-axis guide rail is arranged on the worktable, and the first slide table is slidably connected to the first X-axis guide rail. The first Y-axis guide rail is arranged on the end face of the first slide table opposite to the worktable, and the second slide table is slidably connected to the first Y-axis guide rail. The first bracket, the first inner support chuck, and the first clamping mechanism are all arranged on the second slide table. The front panel positioning mechanism further includes a first drive mechanism for driving the first slide table to move and a second drive mechanism for driving the second slide table to move.

[0010] Optionally, the rear plate positioning mechanism further includes a second X-axis guide rail, a third slide, a second Y-axis guide rail, and a fourth slide. The second X-axis guide rail is arranged on the worktable, the third slide is slidably connected to the second X-axis guide rail, the second Y-axis guide rail is arranged on the end face of the third slide away from the worktable, and the fourth slide is slidably connected to the second Y-axis guide rail. The third bracket, the second inner support chuck, and the second clamping mechanism are all arranged on the fourth slide. The rear plate positioning mechanism further includes a third drive mechanism for driving the third slide to move and a fourth drive mechanism for driving the fourth slide to move.

[0011] Optionally, the portion of the first bracket that contacts the front plate, the portion of the second bracket that contacts the middle plate, and the portion of the third bracket that contacts the rear plate are each provided with omnidirectional ball bearing rollers.

[0012] Optionally, the front panel positioning mechanism further includes a fourth bracket, on which a first positioning block is disposed, the first positioning block being used to abut against the side wall of the front panel; the rear panel positioning mechanism further includes a fifth bracket, on which a second positioning block is disposed, the second positioning block being used to abut against the side wall of the rear panel; and a third positioning block is disposed on the second bracket, the third positioning block being used to abut against the side wall of the middle panel.

[0013] Optionally, the first positioning block, the second positioning block, and the third positioning block are arranged at intervals along the same axis.

[0014] Optionally, the middle plate positioning mechanism further includes a panel, a third Y-axis guide rail, a fifth slide, and a fourth positioning block. The panel is arranged above the second bracket, the third Y-axis guide rail is arranged on the end face of the panel opposite to the worktable, the fifth slide is slidably connected to the third Y-axis guide rail, and the fourth positioning block is connected to the fifth slide. The middle plate positioning mechanism further includes a fifth driving mechanism, which drives the fifth slide to move along the third Y-axis guide rail so that the fourth positioning block abuts against the side wall of the middle plate opposite to the third positioning block, thereby confining the middle plate between the fourth positioning block and the third positioning block.

[0015] Optionally, the first pressing mechanism further includes a first lifting cylinder, a first rotary driver, and a first adapter plate. The first adapter plate is connected between the two first side plates, the first rotary driver is installed below the first adapter plate, and the first lifting cylinder is installed below the first rotary driver.

[0016] Optionally, the second pressing mechanism further includes a second lifting cylinder, a second rotary driver, and a second adapter plate. The second adapter plate is connected between the two second side plates, the second rotary driver is installed below the second adapter plate, and the second lifting cylinder is installed below the second rotary driver.

[0017] Optionally, the first inner support chuck includes a first chuck body, a first claw, and a sixth drive mechanism. The first chuck body is provided with a plurality of first guide grooves, and each first guide groove is movably provided with a first claw. The sixth drive mechanism is used to drive the first claw to move along the corresponding first guide groove so that the first claw fits tightly with the hole structure on the front plate.

[0018] The second inner support chuck includes a second chuck body, a second jaw, and a seventh drive mechanism. The second chuck body has a plurality of second guide grooves, and each second guide groove is movably provided with a second jaw. The seventh drive mechanism is used to drive the second jaw to move along the corresponding second guide groove so that the second jaw fits tightly with the hole structure on the rear plate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser-arc composite welding fixture for the excavator boom side plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the front plate, middle plate, and rear plate being positioned and mounted on this tooling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the front panel positioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the rear plate positioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pressing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inner support chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Worktable; 2. Front plate positioning mechanism; 21. First bracket; 22. First inner support chuck; 221. First chuck body; 222. First jaw; 23. First X-axis guide rail; 24. First slide table; 25. First Y-axis guide rail; 26. Second slide table; 27. Fourth bracket; 28. First positioning block; 3. Middle plate positioning mechanism; 31. Second bracket; 32. Third positioning block; 33. Panel; 34. Third Y-axis guide rail; 35. Fifth slide table; 36. Fourth positioning block; 4. Rear plate positioning mechanism; 41. Third bracket; 42. Second inner support chuck; 43. Second 44. X-guide rail; 45. Third slide; 46. Second Y-guide rail; 47. Fourth slide; 48. Fifth bracket; 5. Second positioning block; 6. First clamping mechanism; 7. First clamping rod; 8. First portal frame; 9. First intermediate plate; 10. First side plate; 11. First telescopic cylinder; 22. First support; 33. First swing block; 44. First lifting cylinder; 55. First rotary drive; 66. First adapter plate; 7. Second clamping mechanism; 8. Second clamping rod; 9. Universal ball bearing roller; 100. Front plate; 200. Middle plate; 300. Rear plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the description of this invention, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "inner," and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing this invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "embodiment," "one embodiment," and "one implementation" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or implementation is included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0032] Furthermore, in the attached diagram, the X-axis represents the horizontal direction, that is, the left and right position, with the positive direction of the X-axis representing the left and the negative direction of the X-axis representing the right; the Y-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the front and back position, with the positive direction of the Y-axis representing the back and the negative direction of the Y-axis representing the front; and the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, with the positive direction of the Z-axis representing the up and the negative direction of the Z-axis representing the down.

[0033] It should also be noted that the aforementioned X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the laser-arc composite welding fixture for the excavator boom side plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a worktable 1, a front plate positioning mechanism 2, a middle plate positioning mechanism 3, a rear plate positioning mechanism 4, a first clamping mechanism 5, and a second clamping mechanism 6. The front plate positioning mechanism 2, the middle plate positioning mechanism 3, and the rear plate positioning mechanism 4 are sequentially arranged on the worktable 1. The front plate positioning mechanism 2 includes a first bracket 21 and a first inner support chuck 22. The first bracket 21 is used to support the front plate 100, and the first inner support chuck 22 is used to tightly fit with the hole structure on the front plate 100. The middle plate positioning mechanism 3 includes a second bracket 31, which is used to... The supporting middle plate 200; the rear plate positioning mechanism 4 includes a third bracket 41 and a second inner support chuck 42, the third bracket 41 being used to support the rear plate 300, and the second inner support chuck 42 being used to tightly fit with the hole structure on the rear plate 300; the first pressing mechanism 5 includes two spaced-apart first pressing rods 51, the two first pressing rods 51 being used to press on the joint positions of the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200 near each other respectively; the second pressing mechanism 6 includes two spaced-apart second pressing rods 61, the two second pressing rods 61 being used to press on the joint positions of the rear plate 300 and the middle plate 200 near each other respectively;

[0035] The first pressing mechanism 5 further includes a first portal frame 52, a first telescopic cylinder 53, a first support 54, and a first swing block 55. The first portal frame 52 includes a first intermediate plate 521 and first side plates 522 connected to both ends of the first intermediate plate 521. The first telescopic cylinder 53 is respectively provided on the end faces of the two first side plates 522 facing away from each other. The two first supports 54 are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two first telescopic cylinders 53. The two first swing blocks 55 are respectively hinged to the two first supports 54. Each first swing block 55 has two first slots. The two first pressing rods 51 are used to engage in the corresponding first slots on the two first swing blocks 55.

[0036] The second pressing mechanism 6 further includes a second portal frame, a second telescopic cylinder, a second support, and a second swing block. The second portal frame includes a second intermediate plate and second side plates connected to both ends of the second intermediate plate. The two second side plates are respectively provided with second telescopic cylinders on their opposite end faces. The two second supports are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two second telescopic cylinders. The two second swing blocks are respectively hinged to the two second supports. Each second swing block has two second slots. The two second pressing rods 61 are used to engage with the corresponding second slots on the two second swing blocks.

[0037] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 3As shown, the workbench 1 is a rigid platform that bears the load, which can be implemented using a welded steel frame structure to provide a stable installation reference for each positioning mechanism. The first inner support chuck 22 of the front plate positioning mechanism 2 is a positioning component with radial telescopic function, which can be implemented using a servo motor driven three-jaw chuck structure. By expanding the jaws outward, it forms an interference fit with the hole wall of the front plate 100 to establish a spatial positioning reference. The second bracket 31 of the middle plate positioning mechanism 3 is a support structure with a certain height, used to support the middle plate 200. The first clamping rod 51 and the second clamping rod 61 are both long rod structures. The two first clamping rods 51 are used to press on the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200 respectively, and the two second clamping rods 61 are used to press on the rear plate 300 and the middle plate 200 respectively. The first clamping rods 51 and the second clamping rods 61 play a clamping and positioning role for the front plate 100, the middle plate 200 and the rear plate 300.

[0038] Specifically, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 3 As shown, after the front plate 100 is supported by the first bracket 21, the first inner support chuck 22 is inserted into the hole structure on it to complete radial positioning and eliminate the horizontal displacement error of the plate. The middle plate 200 is supported by the second bracket 31, and one end of the middle plate 200 is in a mating state with one end of the front plate 100. After the rear plate 300 is supported by the third bracket 41 and cooperates with the second inner support chuck 42 to complete hole positioning, one end of the rear plate 300 is in a mating state with one end of the middle plate 200. The two first clamping rods 51 of the first clamping mechanism 5 act on both sides of the joint between the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200, respectively, and the two second clamping rods 61 of the second clamping mechanism 6 act on both sides of the joint between the rear plate 300 and the middle plate 200 to prevent displacement during the welding process. During the welding process, the first inner support chuck 22 and the second inner support chuck 42 maintain the hole positioning reference unchanged, and the first clamping rods 51 and the second clamping rods 61 continuously apply pressure to counteract the joint displacement caused by thermal stress.

[0039] The first portal frame 52 refers to the frame structure composed of the first intermediate plate 521 and the two side plates (first side plates 522), which can be assembled by welding or bolting, and serves as the mounting base for the first telescopic cylinder 53. The first telescopic cylinder 53 is a drive component capable of axial extension and retraction, which can be implemented using a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, driving the first support 54 up and down through the telescopic movement (see attached image). Figure 1 (Movement in the Z-axis direction). The first swing block 55 refers to a block-shaped component that can rotate around the hinge point. Specifically, it can be implemented as a metal block with a hinge hole. Its first slot is used to limit the position of the first clamping rod 51. The first slot refers to a groove structure opened on the swing block. Specifically, it can be implemented as a U-shaped or V-shaped groove, used for quickly positioning the first clamping rod 51. The corresponding components in the second gantry frame and the second clamping mechanism 6 are constructed using the same principle as the first clamping mechanism 5, and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] When it is necessary to press the joint between the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200, both ends of the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200 extend into the space between the first intermediate plate 521 of the first portal frame 52 and the two first pressing rods 51. The first telescopic cylinder 53 is initially in the extended state, and the two first pressing rods 51 are respectively engaged in the first slots of the first swing block 55. The two first pressing rods 51 are aligned with the pressing positions on both sides of the joint. At this time, by retracting the first telescopic cylinder 53, the two first pressing rods 51 can be pressed tightly on both sides of the joint between the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200. Under the action of the swinging action of the first swing block 55, the two first pressing rods 51 have an automatic adjustment function, that is, they can provide simultaneous pressing force on both sides for combinations of plates of different thicknesses, and are compatible with different types of plates without replacement or adjustment. The pressing principle of the rear plate 300 and the middle plate 200 at the joint is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] Compared with related technologies, existing positioning fixtures mostly use a single reference plane for positioning, which cannot adapt to the different positioning requirements of three-panel splicing. This solution achieves coordinated control of the positioning of the front, middle, and rear plates through a split positioning mechanism, forming a closed-loop constraint with the clamping mechanism, thus solving the problem of cumulative error when splicing multiple plates. Traditional clamping devices mostly apply pressure at a single point, while this solution uses a symmetrical arrangement of double clamping rods, effectively suppressing asymmetric deformation during the welding process.

[0042] Optionally, the front panel positioning mechanism 2 further includes a first X-axis guide rail 23, a first slide 24, a first Y-axis guide rail 25, and a second slide 26. The first X-axis guide rail 23 is arranged on the worktable 1, the first slide 24 is slidably connected to the first X-axis guide rail 23, the first Y-axis guide rail 25 is arranged on the end face of the first slide 24 opposite to the worktable 1, and the second slide 26 is slidably connected to the first Y-axis guide rail 25. The first bracket 21, the first inner support chuck 22, and the first clamping mechanism 5 are all arranged on the second slide 26. The front panel positioning mechanism 2 further includes a first drive mechanism for driving the first slide 24 to move and a second drive mechanism for driving the second slide 26 to move.

[0043] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the first X-guide rail 23 refers to the horizontal transverse (attached) Figure 1 A linear guide rail extending along the X-axis (in the X-axis direction) can be implemented using a ball screw or rack and pinion transmission mechanism, used to support the first slide 24 and guide its movement along the X-axis. The first slide 24 refers to a moving platform mounted on the first X-axis guide rail 23, and can be implemented using a metal base with a slider structure, used to support the first Y-axis guide rail 25 and the second slide 26. The first Y-axis guide rail 25 refers to a linear guide rail extending along the horizontal longitudinal direction (see attached diagram). Figure 1 A linear guide rail extending along the Y-axis (can be implemented using the same structure as the first X-axis guide rail 23) guides the second slide 26 to move along the Y-axis. The second slide 26 is a moving platform mounted on the first Y-axis guide rail 25, and can be implemented using the same structure as the first slide 24. The first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism refer to the power devices controlling the movement of the first slide 24 and the second slide 26, respectively, and can be implemented using a servo motor or a hydraulic cylinder, for achieving precise positioning of the front plate 100 in the XY plane.

[0044] Specifically, the first X-axis guide rail 23 and the first slide table 24 cooperate to form a lateral sliding pair. The first drive mechanism drives the first slide table 24 to move along the first X-axis guide rail 23, thereby causing the second slide table 26 and its front plate positioning assembly to move laterally as a whole. The first Y-axis guide rail 25 and the second slide table 26 cooperate to form a longitudinal sliding pair. The second drive mechanism drives the second slide table 26 to move along the first Y-axis guide rail 25, thereby achieving independent longitudinal adjustment of the front plate positioning assembly. Through the coordinated control of the XY bidirectional moving mechanism, the front plate 100 can complete position calibration in the horizontal plane, so that the joint gap between the front plate 100 and the middle plate 200 meets the process requirements of laser arc composite welding.

[0045] Optionally, the rear plate positioning mechanism 4 further includes a second X-axis guide rail 43, a third slide 44, a second Y-axis guide rail 45, and a fourth slide 46. The second X-axis guide rail 43 is arranged on the worktable 1, the third slide 44 is slidably connected to the second X-axis guide rail 43, the second Y-axis guide rail 45 is arranged on the end face of the third slide 44 opposite to the worktable 1, and the fourth slide 46 is slidably connected to the second Y-axis guide rail 45. The third bracket 41, the second inner support chuck 42, and the second clamping mechanism 6 are all arranged on the fourth slide 46. The rear plate positioning mechanism 4 further includes a third drive mechanism for driving the third slide 44 to move and a fourth drive mechanism for driving the fourth slide 46 to move.

[0046] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the second X-guide rail 43 refers to the horizontal transverse (attached) Figure 1 A linear guide rail extending along the X-axis (in the X-axis direction) can be implemented using a ball screw or rack and pinion transmission mechanism, used to support the third slide 44 and guide its movement along the X-axis. The third slide 44 is a moving platform mounted on the second X-axis guide rail 43, and can be implemented using a metal base with a slider structure, used to support the second Y-axis guide rail 45 and the fourth slide 46. The second Y-axis guide rail 45 is a linear guide rail extending along the horizontal longitudinal direction (see attached diagram). Figure 1A linear guide rail extending along the Y-axis (specifically, the second X-axis guide rail 43) can be implemented using the same structure as the second X-axis guide rail 43, and is used to guide the fourth slide 46 to move along the Y-axis. The fourth slide 46 is a moving platform mounted on the second Y-axis guide rail 45, and can be implemented using the same structure as the third slide 44. The third and fourth drive mechanisms refer to the power devices that control the movement of the third slide 44 and the fourth slide 46, respectively, and can be implemented using servo motors or hydraulic cylinders, used to achieve precise positioning of the rear plate 300 in the XY plane.

[0047] Specifically, the second X-axis guide rail 43 and the third slide table 44 cooperate to form a lateral sliding pair. The third drive mechanism drives the third slide table 44 to move along the second X-axis guide rail 43, thereby causing the fourth slide table 46 and its rear plate positioning assembly to move laterally as a whole. The second Y-axis guide rail 45 and the fourth slide table 46 cooperate to form a longitudinal sliding pair. The fourth drive mechanism drives the fourth slide table 46 to move along the second Y-axis guide rail 45, thereby achieving independent longitudinal adjustment of the rear plate positioning assembly. Through the coordinated control of the XY bidirectional moving mechanism, the rear plate 300 can complete position calibration in the horizontal plane, so that the joint gap between the rear plate 300 and the middle plate 200 meets the process requirements of laser arc hybrid welding.

[0048] Optionally, the first bracket 21, the part that contacts the front plate 100, the second bracket 31, the part that contacts the middle plate 200, and the third bracket 41, the part that contacts the rear plate 300 are respectively provided with universal steel ball rollers 7.

[0049] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the omnidirectional ball bearing roller 7 refers to a rolling support structure with freely rolling steel balls. Specifically, this can be achieved by embedding hemispherical steel balls into the contact surface of the bracket, allowing the supported plates (front plate 100, middle plate 200, and rear plate 300) to move in any direction. This structure replaces sliding friction with rolling friction, reducing the resistance between the plate and the contact surface of the brackets (first bracket 21, second bracket 31, and third bracket 41), enabling the plate to autonomously adjust its positional deviation during the clamping process.

[0050] Specifically, when the sheet metal is placed on the support, the omnidirectional ball bearing rollers 7 use the rolling characteristics of the steel balls to displace the sheet metal in the horizontal plane, eliminating localized stress concentrations caused by uneven edges of the sheet metal or installation errors in the positioning mechanism. When pressure is applied by the clamping mechanisms (first clamping mechanism 5 and second clamping mechanism 6), the friction between the sheet metal and the support contact surface is weakened by the rolling action of the steel balls, allowing the sheet metal to align along the weld joint direction and avoiding misalignment or uneven gaps caused by rigid contact.

[0051] Optionally, the front panel positioning mechanism 2 further includes a fourth bracket 27, on which a first positioning block 28 is provided, the first positioning block 28 being used to abut against the side wall of the front panel 100; the rear panel positioning mechanism 4 further includes a fifth bracket 47, on which a second positioning block 48 is provided, the second positioning block 48 being used to abut against the side wall of the rear panel 300; and a third positioning block 32 is provided on the second bracket 31, the third positioning block 32 being used to abut against the side wall of the middle panel 200.

[0052] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 As shown, the fourth bracket 27 refers to the bracket structure installed on the worktable 1, which can be implemented using a column structure. The first positioning block 28 refers to the limiting component that contacts the front plate 100, forming a surface contact constraint with the side wall of the front plate 100 through the contact surface. The fifth bracket 47 refers to the bracket structure installed on the worktable 1, which can be implemented using a column structure. The second positioning block 48 refers to the limiting component that contacts the rear plate 300, forming a surface contact constraint with the side wall of the rear plate 300 through the contact surface. The third positioning block refers to the limiting component installed on the second bracket 31, forming a surface contact constraint with the side wall of the middle plate 200 through the contact surface.

[0053] Specifically, the front panel 100 is initially positioned by the first positioning block 28 on the fourth bracket 27, the rear panel 300 is initially positioned by the second positioning block 48 on the fifth bracket 47, and the middle panel 200 is initially positioned by the third positioning block 32 on the second bracket 31. When the three panels are placed on their respective brackets, the first positioning block 28, the second positioning block 48, and the third positioning block 32 apply constraint forces from the sidewalls of the panels, keeping the front panel 100, the middle panel 200, and the rear panel 300 aligned, thereby achieving the initial positioning of the front panel 100, the middle panel 200, and the rear panel 300.

[0054] It should be noted that multiple first positioning blocks 28, second positioning blocks 48 and third positioning blocks 32 can be provided respectively.

[0055] Optionally, the first positioning block 28, the second positioning block 48, and the third positioning block 32 are arranged at intervals along the same axis.

[0056] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1As shown, the front panel 100, middle panel 200, and rear panel 300 are respectively positioned along the same axis by the first positioning block 28, the third positioning block 32, and the second positioning block 48, ensuring that the sidewalls of the three panels remain collinear. During installation, the front panel 100 abuts against the sidewall via the first positioning block 28, the middle panel 200 abuts against the sidewall via the third positioning block 32, and the rear panel 300 abuts against the sidewall via the second positioning block 48. The positions of the three panels are constrained to the same straight line, preventing misalignment of the joints due to sidewall misalignment.

[0057] Optionally, the middle plate positioning mechanism 3 further includes a panel 33, a third Y-guide rail 34, a fifth slide 35, and a fourth positioning block 36. The panel 33 is arranged above the second bracket 31, the third Y-guide rail 34 is arranged on the end face of the panel 33 away from the worktable 1, the fifth slide 35 is slidably connected to the third Y-guide rail 34, and the fourth positioning block 36 is connected to the fifth slide 35. The middle plate positioning mechanism 3 further includes a fifth driving mechanism, which drives the fifth slide 35 to move along the third Y-guide rail 34 so that the fourth positioning block 36 abuts against the side wall of the middle plate 200 away from the third positioning block 32, thereby limiting the middle plate 200 between the fourth positioning block 36 and the third positioning block 32.

[0058] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the third Y-guide rail 34 refers to the guide rail along the horizontal longitudinal direction (see attached diagram). Figure 1 A linear guide component extending along the Y-axis (can be implemented using a ball-bearing linear guide) is used to constrain the movement direction of the fifth slide 35. The fifth slide 35 is the sliding component that supports the fourth positioning block 36; it can be machined from sheet metal and forms a sliding engagement with the third Y-axis guide rail 34 via a slider. The fourth positioning block 36 is a rigid structural component with a positioning surface, which can be machined from a hardened steel block, and its positioning surface forms surface contact with the side wall of the middle plate 200. The fifth drive mechanism is the device that provides linear power; it can be implemented using a servo motor and a ball screw, used to precisely control the displacement of the fifth slide 35.

[0059] Specifically, when the fifth drive mechanism drives the fifth slide 35 to move along the third Y-guide rail 34, the fourth positioning block 36 is pushed against the side wall of the middle plate 200, forming a clamping effect with the third positioning block 32. For example, when installing the middle plate 200, the fourth positioning block 36 can move with the fifth slide 35 to a preset position, together with the third positioning block 32, restricting the displacement of the middle plate 200. Thus, the middle plate 200 is stably fixed between the fourth positioning block 36 and the third positioning block 32 during the welding process, preventing displacement due to external forces.

[0060] Optionally, the first pressing mechanism 5 further includes a first lifting cylinder 56, a first rotary driver 57, and a first adapter plate 58. The first adapter plate 58 is connected between the two first side plates 522. The first rotary driver 57 is installed below the first adapter plate 58, and the first lifting cylinder 56 is installed below the first rotary driver 57.

[0061] The second pressing mechanism 6 further includes a second lifting cylinder, a second rotary driver, and a second adapter plate. The second adapter plate is connected between the two second side plates. The second rotary driver is installed below the second adapter plate, and the second lifting cylinder is installed below the second rotary driver.

[0062] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 6 As shown, the first lifting cylinder 56 refers to the cylinder that achieves vertical movement via hydraulic or pneumatic drive (see attached diagram). Figure 1 The device for displacement in the Z-axis direction can be implemented using a servo hydraulic cylinder, used to drive the first rotary driver 57 and the first adapter plate 58 to lift and lower as a whole. The first rotary driver 57 is a drive component capable of rotational movement, specifically implemented using a worm gear reducer motor, used to adjust the angular position of the first clamping rod 51 in the horizontal plane to ensure that the clamping force direction is aligned with the weld. The first adapter plate 58 is a plate-like structure connected between the two first side plates 522, used to connect to the first rotary driver. The functions of the second lifting cylinder, the second rotary driver, and the second adapter plate are the same as the corresponding components in the first clamping mechanism 5 described above, respectively acting on the position adjustment of the second clamping rod 61, and will not be described again here.

[0063] In other embodiments, the first pressing mechanism 5 may further include a first movable seat, wherein the first movable seat is movably disposed on the second slide table 26, and the first lifting cylinder 56 is mounted on the first movable seat, thereby adjusting the position of the first pressing rod 51. The second pressing mechanism 6 may further include a second movable seat, wherein the second movable seat is movably disposed on the fourth slide table 46, and the second lifting cylinder is mounted on the second movable seat, thereby adjusting the position of the second pressing rod 61.

[0064] Optionally, the first inner support chuck 22 includes a first chuck body 221, a first claw 222 and a sixth drive mechanism. The first chuck body 221 is provided with a plurality of first guide grooves, and the first claw 222 is movably disposed in each first guide groove. The sixth drive mechanism is used to drive the first claw 222 to move along the corresponding first guide groove so that the first claw 222 is tightly fitted with the hole structure on the front plate 100.

[0065] The second inner support chuck 42 includes a second chuck body, a second claw, and a seventh drive mechanism. The second chuck body is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves, and a second claw is movably disposed in each second guide groove. The seventh drive mechanism is used to drive the second claw to move along the corresponding second guide groove so that the second claw fits tightly with the hole structure on the rear plate 300.

[0066] In this embodiment, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the first chuck body 221 is the basic component that supports the movement of the first jaw 222. Specifically, it can be implemented using a disc structure with multiple first guide grooves, the layout of which matches the distribution of the holes to be positioned. The first guide groove is the track structure that guides the radial movement of the jaw, and can be implemented using a T-slot or dovetail groove to ensure the accuracy of the jaw's movement trajectory. The sixth drive mechanism is the power unit that controls the movement of the jaw, and can be implemented using a hydraulic cylinder or servo motor in conjunction with a lead screw mechanism, achieving uniform expansion by synchronously driving multiple jaws. The construction principle of the second inner support chuck 42 is the same as that of the first inner support chuck 22, and will not be described again here.

[0067] Specifically, when the front plate 100 to be welded is placed on the first support 21, the sixth drive mechanism drives all the first jaws 222 to move synchronously outward along the first guide groove until the outer edge of the jaws forms surface contact with the inner wall of the hole structure of the front plate 100. During this process, the synchronous movement of multiple jaws can adapt to different hole diameter tolerances, eliminating the influence of hole structure machining errors on positioning accuracy. Similarly, the rear plate 300 is precisely positioned by the second jaws of the second chuck body. The coordinated action of the two inner support chucks ensures the assembly position accuracy of the front and rear plates relative to the middle plate 200, providing stable joint gap control for subsequent laser-arc composite welding.

[0068] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0069] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates, characterized in that, include: The workbench (1), front plate positioning mechanism (2), middle plate positioning mechanism (3), rear plate positioning mechanism (4), first clamping mechanism (5), and second clamping mechanism (6) are arranged sequentially on the workbench (1). The front plate positioning mechanism (2), the middle plate positioning mechanism (3), and the rear plate positioning mechanism (4) include a first bracket (21) and a first inner support chuck (22). The first bracket (21) is used to support the front plate (100), and the first inner support chuck (22) is used to fit tightly with the hole structure on the front plate (100). The middle plate positioning mechanism (3) includes a second bracket (31), which is used to support the middle plate (200). The rear plate positioning mechanism (4) includes a first clamping mechanism (5) and a second clamping mechanism (6). The plate positioning mechanism (4) includes a third bracket (41) and a second inner support chuck (42). The third bracket (41) is used to support the rear plate (300), and the second inner support chuck (42) is used to fit tightly with the hole structure on the rear plate (300). The first pressing mechanism (5) includes two spaced first pressing rods (51). The two first pressing rods (51) are used to press on the joints of the front plate (100) and the middle plate (200) close to each other, respectively. The second pressing mechanism (6) includes two spaced second pressing rods (61). The two second pressing rods (61) are used to press on the joints of the rear plate (300) and the middle plate (200) close to each other, respectively. The first pressing mechanism (5) further includes a first portal frame (52), a first telescopic cylinder (53), a first support (54), and a first swing block (55). The first portal frame (52) includes a first intermediate plate (521) and first side plates (522) connected to both ends of the first intermediate plate (521). The first telescopic cylinder (53) is respectively provided on the end face of the two first side plates (522) facing away from each other. The two first supports (54) are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two first telescopic cylinders (53). The two first swing blocks (55) are respectively hinged to the two first supports (54). Each first swing block (55) has two first slots. The two first pressing rods (51) are used to engage in the corresponding first slots on the two first swing blocks (55). The second pressing mechanism (6) further includes a second portal frame, a second telescopic cylinder, a second support, and a second swing block. The second portal frame includes a second intermediate plate and second side plates connected to both ends of the second intermediate plate. The two second side plates are respectively provided with second telescopic cylinders on their opposite ends. The two second supports are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the two second telescopic cylinders. The two second swing blocks are respectively hinged to the two second supports. Each second swing block has two second slots. The two second pressing rods (61) are used to engage in the corresponding second slots on the two second swing blocks.

2. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front panel positioning mechanism (2) further includes a first X-axis guide rail (23), a first slide (24), a first Y-axis guide rail (25), and a second slide (26). The first X-axis guide rail (23) is arranged on the worktable (1). The first slide (24) is slidably connected to the first X-axis guide rail (23). The first Y-axis guide rail (25) is arranged on the end face of the first slide (24) away from the worktable (1). The second slide (26) is slidably connected to the first Y-axis guide rail (25). The first bracket (21), the first inner support chuck (22), and the first clamping mechanism (5) are all arranged on the second slide (26). The front panel positioning mechanism (2) further includes a first driving mechanism for driving the first slide (24) to move and a second driving mechanism for driving the second slide (26) to move.

3. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear plate positioning mechanism (4) further includes a second X-axis guide rail (43), a third slide (44), a second Y-axis guide rail (45), and a fourth slide (46). The second X-axis guide rail (43) is arranged on the worktable (1). The third slide (44) is slidably connected to the second X-axis guide rail (43). The second Y-axis guide rail (45) is arranged on the end face of the third slide (44) away from the worktable (1). The fourth slide (46) is slidably connected to the second Y-axis guide rail (45). The third bracket (41), the second inner support chuck (42), and the second clamping mechanism (6) are all arranged on the fourth slide (46). The rear plate positioning mechanism (4) further includes a third driving mechanism for driving the third slide (44) to move and a fourth driving mechanism for driving the fourth slide (46) to move.

4. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first bracket (21) is provided with a universal steel ball roller (7) at the part that contacts the front plate (100), the second bracket (31) is provided with a part that contacts the middle plate (200), and the third bracket (41) is provided with a part that contacts the rear plate (300).

5. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front panel positioning mechanism (2) further includes a fourth bracket (27), on which a first positioning block (28) is provided, the first positioning block (28) being used to abut against the side wall of the front panel (100); the rear panel positioning mechanism (4) further includes a fifth bracket (47), on which a second positioning block (48) is provided, the second positioning block (48) being used to abut against the side wall of the rear panel (300); the second bracket (31) is provided with a third positioning block (32), the third positioning block (32) being used to abut against the side wall of the middle panel (200).

6. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first positioning block (28), the second positioning block (48) and the third positioning block (32) are arranged at intervals along the same axis.

7. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 5, characterized in that, The middle plate positioning mechanism (3) further includes a panel (33), a third Y-guide rail (34), a fifth slide (35), and a fourth positioning block (36). The panel (33) is arranged above the second bracket (31). The third Y-guide rail (34) is arranged on the end face of the panel (33) away from the worktable (1). The fifth slide (35) is slidably connected to the third Y-guide rail (34). The fourth positioning block (36) is connected to the fifth slide (35). The middle plate positioning mechanism (3) further includes a fifth driving mechanism. The fifth driving mechanism is used to drive the fifth slide (35) to move along the third Y-guide rail (34) so ​​that the fourth positioning block (36) abuts against the side wall of the middle plate (200) away from the third positioning block (32), thereby limiting the middle plate (200) between the fourth positioning block (36) and the third positioning block (32).

8. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pressing mechanism (5) further includes a first lifting cylinder (56), a first rotary driver (57) and a first adapter plate (58). The first adapter plate (58) is connected between the two first side plates (522). The first rotary driver (57) is installed below the first adapter plate (58). The first lifting cylinder (56) is installed below the first rotary driver (57).

9. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second pressing mechanism (6) further includes a second lifting cylinder, a second rotary driver and a second adapter plate. The second adapter plate is connected between the two second side plates. The second rotary driver is installed below the second adapter plate and the second lifting cylinder is installed below the second rotary driver.

10. The laser-arc composite welding fixture for excavator boom side plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inner support chuck (22) includes a first chuck body (221), a first claw (222) and a sixth drive mechanism. The first chuck body (221) is provided with a plurality of first guide grooves, and each first guide groove is movably provided with a first claw (222). The sixth drive mechanism is used to drive the first claw (222) to move along the corresponding first guide groove so that the first claw (222) fits tightly with the hole structure on the front plate (100). The second inner support chuck (42) includes a second chuck body, a second claw, and a seventh drive mechanism. The second chuck body is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves, and each second guide groove is movably provided with a second claw. The seventh drive mechanism is used to drive the second claw to move along the corresponding second guide groove so that the second claw fits tightly with the hole structure on the rear plate (300).

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