Wear-resistant rotating wheel method and system by controlling particle impact speed

Abstract

The invention discloses a runner wear-resistant method and system by controlling the particle impact speed, and the method can effectively reduce the impact speed of solid particles on runner blades to be below a material critical value, obviously alleviate the abrasion damage, prolong the service life of a runner, and improve the wear resistance of the runner. And the lubricating oil has good working condition adaptability and synergistic application potential with the existing anti-wear technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of fluid machinery and hydroelectric power generation, and in particular to a method and system for using an anti-wear impeller that controls the impact velocity of particles. Background Technology

[0002] When hydraulic machinery such as turbines and pumps transport or utilize fluids containing solid particles (such as silt and mineral particles), the flow-through components, including the runner blades, often suffer severe erosion damage. This damage is mainly caused by the impact of particles on the material surface, and its severity is closely related to the impact velocity, impact angle, particle characteristics, and material properties. Traditional anti-erosion methods mainly focus on improving materials (such as using high-hardness stainless steel or applying ceramic coatings) or optimizing hydraulic design (such as improving the flow channel shape to reduce flow velocity). However, material improvements are costly and may sacrifice toughness, and hydraulic design optimization has limited effectiveness in the face of variable operating conditions. Existing technologies have failed to fundamentally solve the erosion problem caused by high-speed particle impact. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective method that addresses the erosion mechanism and extends runner life by actively controlling the impact process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for anti-wear impellers that utilizes controlled particle impact velocity. By precisely controlling the impact velocity of solid particles in the flowing medium, the anti-wear performance of impellers in rotating machinery such as water turbines and pumps can be significantly improved.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide an anti-wear impeller device that utilizes the controlled particle impact velocity.

[0005] The third objective of this invention is to provide a computer device.

[0006] A fourth objective of this invention is to provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for using an anti-wear impeller that controls the impact velocity of particles, comprising: S1, monitor the concentration, hardness and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and obtain the operating status parameters of the impeller; S2, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material, calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles relative to the impeller blade surface under the current working conditions; S3, when the expected impact velocity is close to or exceeds the critical impact velocity, generates a control command to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor, so that the relative velocity between the particles and the blades is reduced to below the critical impact velocity. S4, according to the control command, dynamically adjust the speed of the impeller through the variable frequency speed control device, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through the guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring of the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and the acquisition of the impeller's operating status parameters, further includes: S11, fluid velocity is measured using an ultrasonic transducer, and the formula is used... Calculate flow rate ,in This represents the speed of sound of ultrasound in a stationary fluid. Transducer spacing, The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path. The time difference between downstream and upstream propagation; S12, particle concentration is measured using laser diffraction, and the formula is used... Calculate volume concentration ,in Particle size The number of particles, Let be the volume of the fluid through which the laser passes.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the expected impact velocity of the particles relative to the surface of the impeller blades under the current operating conditions based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material further includes: S21, through formula Calculate the entrainment speed ,in The rotational speed of the wheel, Where is the blade radius; S22, using the vector decomposition formula Calculate the expected impact velocity ,in The absolute velocity of the fluid. The angle between the involved velocity and the absolute velocity.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, generating control commands to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor when the expected impact velocity approaches or exceeds the critical impact velocity further includes: S31 enhances the pre-swirl intensity by adjusting the pre-swirl guide vane angle, thereby reducing the absolute tangential velocity of the fluid; S32 features an optimized inlet flow field design that utilizes centrifugal force to achieve preliminary particle sorting, reducing the proportion of particles that directly impact critical parts of the blades.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of dynamically adjusting the rotor speed via a frequency converter according to control commands and / or changing the pre-rotating guide vane angle via a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity further includes: S41, through a variable frequency speed control device, continuously adjusts the speed gradient in increments of 0.1%-5% to ensure that the rate of change of impact speed does not exceed [the specified value]. ; S42, via the guide vane adjustment mechanism Adjust the pre-swirl guide vane angle to reduce the fluid tangential velocity by a certain margin. .

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: S5, based on the wear model Generate wear risk levels, among which The wear strength index, This refers to the particle mass concentration. For impact velocity, For speed index, To be consistent with the average particle size Related functions, when A maintenance warning is triggered when the preset threshold is exceeded.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides an anti-wear roller device utilizing controlled particle impact velocity, comprising: The monitoring module is used to monitor the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and to acquire the operating status parameters of the impeller. The impact velocity calculation module is used to calculate the expected impact velocity of particles relative to the surface of the impeller blades under the current working conditions, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material. The control command generation module is used to generate control commands to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor when the expected impact velocity is close to or exceeds the critical impact velocity, so as to reduce the relative velocity between the particles and the blades to below the critical impact velocity. The execution adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the rotor speed through a variable frequency speed control device according to control commands, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

[0014] The anti-wear roller method and apparatus of the present invention utilizes the controlled particle impact velocity to actively control the impact velocity of particles relative to the roller blades to keep it below the material critical value, thereby significantly reducing the wear rate, extending the service life of the roller, and possessing good adaptability to working conditions and potential for synergistic application with existing anti-wear technologies.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides a computer device comprising a processor and a memory; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code stored in the memory to implement the anti-wear wheel method using controlled particle impact velocity as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the anti-wear wheel method using controlled particle impact velocity as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Proactive prevention and control to reduce wear from the mechanism: directly address the physical mechanism of wear (impact kinetic energy) by controlling the key parameter of impact speed to proactively prevent severe wear from occurring, rather than passively enduring wear and then taking repair measures.

[0018] 2. Significant effect and extended life: By controlling the impact speed within the material's tolerance range, the erosion rate can be significantly reduced, effectively extending the service life of the impeller and flow components, and reducing downtime and maintenance time and costs.

[0019] 3. High adaptability: This method can flexibly adjust the control strategy according to the actual water flow and sediment conditions, and is suitable for different working conditions and river environments.

[0020] 4. Can be combined with existing technologies: This method can be used in combination with passive protection technologies such as high-performance wear-resistant materials and surface coatings to form a synergistic effect and provide more comprehensive protection. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for using an anti-wear impeller that controls the impact velocity of particles, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a technical architecture diagram of an anti-wear impeller method that utilizes controlled particle impact velocity, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the anti-wear control effect provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of an anti-wear roller device that utilizes controlled particle impact velocity, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The computer device provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method and apparatus for using an anti-wear roller that controls the impact velocity of particles, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for using an anti-wear impeller that controls the impact velocity of particles. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1 monitors the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and obtains the impeller's operating status parameters.

[0026] Specifically, in some implementations, this step integrates multiple sensors and data acquisition systems to achieve real-time or periodic measurements of particle characteristics and operating parameters, providing basic data support for subsequent control unit decisions.

[0027] Particle concentration is typically monitored using laser diffraction, which involves measuring the intensity distribution of scattered laser light from particles using a laser particle size analyzer positioned within the flow channel. This method, based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory, can deduce the particle size distribution function. and their corresponding particle size Given the fluid velocity and laser measurement window volume Under these conditions, the volume concentration of particles can be calculated. Its expression is:

[0028] in, The number of particle size channels, For the first The number of particles within each particle size channel. Furthermore, if the particle density is known... This can also be converted into mass concentration. Flow velocity is measured using the ultrasonic time-of-flight method, by measuring the time difference of propagation in the downstream and upstream directions. Combined with fluid sound velocity Transducer spacing and included angle The fluid velocity can be calculated. Its approximate expression is:

[0029] In practical applications, this step is typically deployed at the inlet channel of a water turbine or pump, and is particularly crucial in scenarios such as rivers with high sediment content and slurry transport systems. The monitoring unit needs to possess high precision and anti-interference capabilities to adapt to complex fluid environments.

[0030] By obtaining the physical properties of the particles and the operating parameters of the impeller (such as rotational speed) Geometric parameters (etc.), providing a quantitative basis for subsequent impact velocity calculation and control. For example, the control unit will calculate based on the flow rate. Rotor speed Blade inlet angle Parameters are used to calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles. Its approximate expression is:

[0031] Among them, the speed of entanglement By Critical impact velocity determined by material testing By comparing the data, the system can determine the current wear mechanism and take corresponding control measures.

[0032] Furthermore, S1 includes: S11, fluid velocity is measured using an ultrasonic transducer, and the formula is used... Calculate flow rate ,in This represents the speed of sound of ultrasound in a stationary fluid. Transducer spacing, The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path. This refers to the time difference between downstream and upstream propagation.

[0033] Specifically, this step is based on the time-difference ultrasonic velocity measurement principle, which involves accurately measuring the time difference between downstream and upstream propagation. Combined with transducer spacing The speed of ultrasound propagation in a stationary fluid and the angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path This enables non-contact, high-precision measurement of fluid velocity.

[0034] In practical implementation, a pair of ultrasonic transducers are positioned at a certain angle. They are installed obliquely on both sides of the flow channel wall, serving as the transmitting and receiving ends respectively. When the fluid flows, the ultrasonic wave propagation time in the flow direction is... Propagation time in the opposite direction Will depend on fluid velocity The difference arises due to the influence of [the environment / the environment]. A high-precision clock circuit records the propagation time in both directions and calculates the difference. You can then substitute it into the formula. Perform flow velocity calculations. This formula is in... It is valid under the premise of [condition], applicable to the measurement of low- to medium-speed fluids, and has good linearity and measurement accuracy.

[0035] In practical applications, the installation spacing of ultrasonic transducers The included angle is typically in the range of 0.5 m to 2 m. The angle is typically set between 30° and 60° to balance measurement sensitivity and installation feasibility. (Velocity of sound) The value is typically taken as 1480 m / s (a typical value in water), but it can be corrected for fluid temperature and composition. The flow velocity measured in this step... The subsequent calculation of particle impact velocity The basic input parameters directly affect the wear intensity factor. The calculation accuracy.

[0036] S12, particle concentration is measured using laser diffraction, and the formula is used... Calculate volume concentration ,in Particle size The number of particles, Let be the volume of the fluid through which the laser passes.

[0037] Specifically, this step is based on the principle of optical scattering. By analyzing the intensity distribution of the diffracted light from the laser beam, the particle size distribution and quantity are obtained, thereby calculating the volume concentration of the particles in the fluid.

[0038] Laser diffraction typically uses a He-Ne laser or a laser diode as the light source, with wavelengths generally around 633 nm or 532 nm, exhibiting good monochromaticity and coherence. The laser beam is passed through a transparent fluid window and irradiates the fluid containing particles. The particles diffract the laser light, and the diffraction angle is inversely proportional to the particle size. On the other side of the probe, a photodetector array consisting of multiple concentric rings is used to collect the intensity of scattered light at different angles. Each detector ring corresponds to a specific diffraction angle range. By comparing this range with a scattering model of a standard particle, the particle size can be determined. Corresponding number of particles .

[0039] in the formula Indicates particle size as The number of particles is usually obtained from multi-angle light intensity data through inversion algorithms (such as Mie scattering theory or Fraunhofer approximation); For the first The representative particle size of each particle size channel is expressed in micrometers (μm). The number of particle size channels... The number of elements is typically set to 32 to 128 to cover a particle size range of 0.1 to 1000 μm. The volume of the fluid through which the laser passes is measured in liters (L). Its value is determined by both the flow rate and the sampling time, and is usually calculated in conjunction with the flow meter and the control system.

[0040] S2, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material, calculates the expected impact velocity of the particles relative to the impeller blade surface under the current working conditions.

[0041] Specifically, the core of this step lies in acquiring the motion state parameters of particles in the fluid in real time, and combining them with the geometric and operational parameters of the impeller to establish a relative motion model between the particles and the blades, thereby accurately assessing the impact intensity of the particles on the blades.

[0042] This calculation process is based on the principles of fluid mechanics and particle dynamics, and uses a vector synthesis method to determine the relative impact velocity of the particles. Specifically, the expected impact velocity of the particles... By the speed of entanglement relative to the absolute velocity of the fluid The angle between The decision is made using the following formula:

[0043] Among them, the speed of entanglement Based on the rotational speed and blade radius The calculation shows that, Absolute velocity of the fluid The included angle was obtained by measuring the velocity meter placed before the runner inlet. This is the geometric angle between the inlet edge of the impeller blade and the direction of fluid flow, typically close to... This value is determined during the design phase through CFD simulation or geometric modeling and stored in the system database.

[0044] The key parameters involved in this step include: fluid flow rate. (Unit: m / s) Rotor speed (Unit: r / min), blade radius (Unit: m), included angle (Unit: °), average particle size (Unit: mm) and particle mass concentration (Unit: kg / m³). Through real-time acquisition and processing of these parameters, the system can dynamically calculate... and the preset critical impact velocity Comparison. Critical impact velocity. It is usually determined through material wear tests (such as jet wear tests) or theoretical wear models, and is the threshold rate at which a material begins to show significant wear under specific particle characteristics.

[0045] In application scenarios, this step is widely applicable to mechanical systems handling sediment-laden fluids such as turbines and pumps, especially in high-sediment-content rivers or slurry transport systems. By arranging particle monitoring sensors and flow meters before the runner inlet, the system can acquire key data such as particle concentration, particle size distribution, and fluid velocity in real time. Based on this data, the control unit (such as a PLC or industrial computer), combined with the runner's geometric parameters and current rotational speed, calculates the expected impact velocity of the particles and determines whether to adjust the rotational speed or guide vane angle to achieve active control of the impact velocity.

[0046] Furthermore, S2 includes: S21, through formula Calculate the entrainment speed ,in The rotational speed of the wheel, Where is the blade radius.

[0047] Specifically, in this invention, the entanglement speed It is one of the key parameters used to calculate the relative velocity between particles and rotor blades. This formula is based on the fundamental kinematic principles of rotating machinery, where... This indicates the rotational speed of the impeller (in r / min or rad / s). Indicates the radius of the blade (in meters). This is the blade circumferential velocity, also known as the entrainment velocity (unit: m / s). It reflects the linear velocity of the blade edge when the impeller rotates, and is one of the important factors affecting the impact velocity of particles.

[0048] In some implementations, the calculation of the entrainment speed is typically performed in real time in the control unit, with input parameters including the current rotational speed of the impeller. and blade geometry parameters Rotational speed This information can be obtained through a speed sensor (such as a photoelectric encoder or a magnetoelectric tachometer), with a measurement accuracy typically required to be within ±0.5% to ensure the reliability of the calculation results. Blade radius. These are design parameters stored in the system database. Their values ​​need to be set reasonably according to the structure of the impeller (such as mixed flow, axial flow, etc.) and operating conditions, and usually vary in the range of 0.5 m to 3 m.

[0049] Furthermore, this step needs to be combined with fluid velocity in practical applications. and its relationship with the speed of entanglement The included angle Through vector composition formula Calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles .because and The relative relationship determines the magnitude of the impact velocity, therefore accurate calculation For determining whether the critical impact velocity is approaching or exceeding It is of great significance.

[0050] In application scenarios, this step is widely applicable to the operation control of fluid machinery containing solid particles, such as water turbines and pumps. For example, during the operation of a water turbine, the control system calculates the following based on real-time monitored flow velocity, particle concentration, and particle size data, combined with the current rotational speed and blade radius: And further assess whether the impact velocity is within a safe range. Approaching or exceeding The system will trigger an early warning mechanism and intervene by adjusting the rotation speed or the pre-rotation guide vane angle.

[0051] S22, using the vector decomposition formula Calculate the expected impact velocity ,in The absolute velocity of the fluid. The angle between the involved velocity and the absolute velocity.

[0052] Specifically, in this invention, the vector decomposition formula is used. Calculate the expected impact velocity This is one of the core steps in achieving wear control. Based on the principle of relative motion in fluid mechanics, this step provides key input parameters for subsequent wear prediction and control strategies by accurately calculating the impact velocity of particles relative to the impeller blades.

[0053] This formula is used to calculate the relative velocity of particles when they enter the rotor region. ,in The entrainment velocity, i.e., the linear velocity of the impeller blades in the circumferential direction, is determined by the impeller rotation speed. and blade radius Decision, specifically expressed as ; The absolute velocity of the fluid is usually measured in real time by a flow meter (such as a Doppler ultrasonic flow meter) placed in front of the impeller inlet. For the speed of the transfer relative to the absolute velocity of the fluid The angle between them, which is determined by the geometry of the wheel, is usually close to... It is called as a stored parameter in the control system.

[0054] This formula is essentially a cosine theorem form of velocity vector synthesis, used to calculate the impact velocity of particles on the surface of rotating blades. In practical applications, since the particle's trajectory is essentially the same as the fluid's, the fluid velocity can be used. This formula serves as an approximation of particle velocity, simplifying the calculation process. Using this formula, the control system can assess the impact intensity of particles on the blades in real time, providing crucial input for the wear model.

[0055] Speed ​​of entanglement With the rotational speed It is directly proportional, therefore, in the control strategy, adjusting the speed is to reduce... A direct means. Fluid velocity. Usually in The range varies depending on the incoming flow conditions. (Angle) The design needs to incorporate CFD simulation results to ensure its accuracy. To avoid particles generating excessive tangential components on the blade surface, thereby reducing the risk of erosion.

[0056] This step is widely used in practical applications for the runner systems of machinery handling sand-laden fluids, such as water turbines and pumps. Through real-time calculations... The system can determine whether the current operating condition is close to or exceeds the material's critical impact velocity. This triggers an early warning mechanism or automatic adjustment measures, such as reducing the rotational speed or adjusting the guide vane angle, to achieve proactive wear prevention and control.

[0057] S3, when the expected impact velocity approaches or exceeds the critical impact velocity, generates a control command to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor, so that the relative velocity between the particles and the blades is reduced to below the critical impact velocity.

[0058] Specifically, when the expected impact speed Approaching or exceeding the critical impact velocity At that time, the present invention generates control commands to control the rotational speed of the impeller. Adjusting the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the impeller effectively reduces the relative velocity between the particles and the blades, bringing it below [the required level]. This achieves anti-wear control. This step is the core response mechanism in the control system of this invention and directly determines the effectiveness of the anti-wear strategy.

[0059] In some implementations, the generation of control commands relies on the processing and analysis of real-time monitoring data by a control unit (such as a PLC or industrial computer). Parameters collected by the monitoring unit include fluid flow rate. Particle concentration Average particle size and the current rotation speed of the rotor The control unit, based on these inputs and in conjunction with runner geometry parameters (such as blade radius), Imported placement angle ) and preset in the material database Calculate the expected impact velocity under the current operating conditions. Its expression is:

[0060] Among them, the speed of entanglement , representing the linear velocity of the impeller blades. If If the system determines that there is a high risk of wear, the control unit will generate a control command to adjust the speed of the rotor via a speed regulating device (such as a frequency converter). Alternatively, the angle of the pre-swirling guide vanes can be adjusted via an actuator to change the absolute tangential velocity of the fluid, thereby reducing... .

[0061] Optionally, the pre-swirl intensity can be adjusted through the geometric design of either movable or fixed guide vanes. By increasing pre-swirl, the fluid acquires a tangential velocity component in the same direction as the blade rotation before entering the impeller, thereby reducing the relative velocity between the particles and the blades. The pre-swirl intensity is typically expressed as the tangential velocity component of the fluid. This indicates that its adjustment range should meet the following requirements. This is to ensure the stability and efficiency of fluid flow.

[0062] Furthermore, in practical applications, this step can be combined with a wear intensity factor model for optimization decisions. Wear intensity index With particle mass concentration Impact speed Particle size correlation function The following relationship exists between them:

[0063] Among them, the speed index exist The time is approximately 2.5, while The value rises sharply to 5-7, indicating a significant increase in the wear rate. Therefore, [the following is a continuation of the previous sentence:] Controlled The following methods can effectively suppress the transition of the wear mechanism from plastic wear to brittle fracture, thereby significantly extending the life of the impeller.

[0064] Furthermore, S3 includes: S31 enhances the pre-swirl intensity by adjusting the pre-swirl guide vane angle, thereby reducing the absolute tangential velocity of the fluid.

[0065] Specifically, the core principle of this step is as follows: an adjustable pre-rotating guide vane is installed upstream of the rotor. By changing its installation angle, the fluid entering the rotor acquires a tangential velocity component in the same direction as the rotor's rotation before entering the rotating region, thereby reducing the absolute tangential velocity of the particles relative to the vane. This reduces the relative velocity between the particles and the blades. Ultimately, this allows for active control of the impact velocity.

[0066] In specific operation, the pre-rotating guide vane is usually a movable guide vane, and its angle adjustment is driven by an actuator (such as a hydraulic or electric servo system). The adjustment angle range is generally within... to The specific value depends on the rotor's geometric parameters (such as the blade inlet angle). Rotor radius The control unit determines the flow rate based on the real-time monitored flow rate and the characteristics of the incoming particles (such as concentration and particle size distribution). In actual operation, the control unit... Particle concentration and average particle size Combined with the current rotor speed The corresponding entanglement speed Calculate the expected impact velocity .when Approaching or exceeding the critical impact velocity At that time, the system will issue an adjustment command to change the angle of the pre-rotating guide vane. To enhance the pre-spin strength, The tangential component is in the same direction as the rotation of the wheel, thereby reducing... .

[0067] This step is particularly suitable for hydropower systems with sediment-laden water or high concentrations of mineral particles in practical applications. For example, in rivers with high sediment content such as the Yellow River and the Jinsha River, the dynamic adjustment of pre-rotating guide vanes can effectively control the impact energy of particles in the blade inlet area, avoiding brittle fracture wear caused by high-speed impact. Furthermore, this method can be used in conjunction with runner speed regulation and blade inlet angle optimization to form a multi-dimensional anti-wear control strategy.

[0068] By enhancing the pre-spinning intensity, the absolute tangential velocity of the particles can be significantly reduced, thereby decreasing their relative velocity with the blade and lowering the impact kinetic energy. Based on the wear model... ,when When reduced, the wear strength index Significant decline, especially The control effect is particularly significant in areas with large brittle wear. This step not only improves the wear resistance of the impeller but also enhances the system's adaptability to complex working conditions, demonstrating good engineering practicality and economic value.

[0069] S32 features an optimized inlet flow field design that utilizes centrifugal force to achieve preliminary particle sorting, reducing the proportion of particles that directly impact critical parts of the blades.

[0070] Specifically, the core technical principle of this step is: by designing a specific flow channel geometry in the bladeless zone between the impeller inlet and the guide vane, the fluid forms a rotating flow before entering the impeller, thereby causing heavier or larger particles to migrate outward under the action of centrifugal force, reducing the probability of them directly impacting key parts of the blade (such as the inlet edge and the area near the lower ring).

[0071] Specific implementation methods include arranging guide vanes in the bladeless region or using movable guide vanes with pre-swirl function, so that the fluid acquires a tangential velocity component in the same direction as the rotor's rotation before entering the impeller. This pre-swirl velocity can be expressed as... Its size is related to the guide vane angle. Fluid velocity and the geometric parameters of the guide vanes (such as guide vane height) Guide vane outlet width This is closely related to the design process. During the design phase, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations are typically used to optimize the guide vane angle and flow channel shape to ensure that the absolute tangential velocity of particles can be effectively reduced under different operating conditions.

[0072] Guide vane angle Generally controlled at to Between these factors, a balance is struck between the pre-swirl effect and hydraulic losses. The centrifugal separation efficiency of the particles and the particle density are considered. Particle size and flow channel rotation radius Its centrifugal acceleration can be expressed as: ,in This refers to the angular velocity of the rotor. Through proper design... and This allows the particle size to be larger than The particles are moved away from the blade surface by centrifugal force, thus significantly reducing their impact velocity. To avoid exceeding the critical impact velocity The resulting brittle fracture wear.

[0073] S4, according to the control command, dynamically adjust the speed of the impeller through the variable frequency speed control device, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through the guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

[0074] Specifically, in some implementations, the present invention dynamically adjusts the rotor speed through a variable frequency speed control device and / or changes the pre-rotating guide vane angle through a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity, thereby effectively controlling the impact velocity of particles on the rotor blades and reducing the risk of erosion. This step is a key execution link in the entire anti-wear control method, and its technical implementation is based on the coupled analysis of fluid mechanics and wear mechanisms.

[0075] The variable frequency speed control device adjusts the output frequency of the drive motor in real time by receiving adjustment commands from the control unit, thereby changing the rotation speed of the wheel. Speed ​​of impact It has a linear relationship with the rotational speed, specifically: ,in This refers to the radius at the blade inlet. Reducing the rotational speed can effectively decrease this radius. This reduces the relative velocity between the particles and the blades. Its calculation formula is ,in Let be the absolute velocity of the fluid. The angle between the entrainment velocity and the absolute velocity is usually close to It is determined by the wheel geometry design.

[0076] Furthermore, the guide vane adjustment mechanism regulates the tangential velocity component of the fluid before it enters the impeller by changing the installation angle of the pre-swirling guide vanes. The movable guide vanes located upstream of the impeller can be driven by an actuator, and their angle adjustment range is typically [range missing]. to To adapt to the fluid dynamics requirements under different operating conditions, by applying a co-directional swirling flow, the absolute tangential velocity of particles entering the impeller can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the relative impact velocity between them and the blades.

[0077] The impeller speed adjustment accuracy is typically controlled within ±0.5% to ensure stable control of the impact velocity. The guide vane angle adjustment accuracy is generally ±1° and must meet fluid machinery design standards such as ISO 5199 or GB / T 11345. The control unit adjusts based on the real-time monitored flow rate. Parameters such as particle concentration and average particle size, combined with the rotor geometry parameters and material critical impact velocity Dynamic calculations and feedback adjustments are performed.

[0078] Furthermore, S4 includes: S41, through a variable frequency speed control device, continuously adjusts the speed gradient in increments of 0.1%-5% to ensure that the rate of change of impact speed does not exceed [the specified value]. .

[0079] Specifically, in some implementations, the present invention uses a variable frequency speed control device to continuously adjust the rotor speed to control the rate of change of the impact velocity of the particles relative to the blades, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-abrasion. Specifically, this step uses a speed gradient of 0.1%-5% to ensure that the rate of change of the impact velocity does not exceed [a certain value]. This control strategy is based on the physical mechanism of particle impact wear in fluid machinery, namely, the wear rate is proportional to the square or higher power of the particle impact velocity. Therefore, the dynamic control of the impact velocity has a significant wear reduction effect.

[0080] The variable frequency speed control device receives instructions from the control unit and precisely adjusts the frequency of the drive motor, thereby changing the rotational speed of the wheel. Speed ​​of impact With rotational speed The relationship is ,in Let be the radius of the blade. By controlling the gradient of the rotational speed, it is possible to indirectly control... The rate of change of this affects the relative velocity between the particle and the blade. Its expression is ,in Let be the absolute velocity of the fluid. The angle between the entrainment velocity and the absolute velocity is usually close to It is determined by the wheel geometry design.

[0081] The speed adjustment gradient is controlled between 0.1% and 5% to ensure smooth operation of the impeller and avoid mechanical vibration or efficiency loss caused by sudden changes in speed. Impact speed change rate. The upper limit is set to This index, determined based on material wear tests and CFD simulations, is used to prevent the wear mechanism from shifting from plastic wear to brittle fracture, thereby avoiding a sharp increase in material loss rate.

[0082] This step is applicable to the operation control of fluid machinery containing solid particles, such as water turbines and pumps, and has a significant anti-erosion effect, especially in river environments with high silt content and high particle hardness. It involves real-time monitoring of flow velocity, particle concentration, and particle size, combined with the runner geometry parameters and the material's critical impact velocity. The system can dynamically adjust the rotation speed to keep the impact velocity consistently below a certain level. This extends equipment lifespan and reduces maintenance costs.

[0083] This step plays a crucial role in the entire technical solution. By precisely controlling the rate of change of the rotor speed, it achieves active regulation of the particle impact velocity, providing a reliable basis for subsequent wear prediction and control strategies. This demonstrates the innovation and practicality of the present invention in the understanding of wear mechanisms and engineering control.

[0084] S42, via the guide vane adjustment mechanism Adjust the pre-swirl guide vane angle to reduce the fluid tangential velocity by a certain margin. .

[0085] Specifically, in some implementations, the guide vane adjustment mechanism is used to... Adjusting the pre-rotating guide vane angle for step size is a key operational step in this invention for controlling particle impact velocity. The core technical principle of this step lies in adjusting the tangential velocity component of the fluid entering the impeller by changing the opening of the guide vane, thereby reducing the relative impact velocity between the particles and the impeller blades and achieving the purpose of mitigating erosion.

[0086] The specific implementation method is as follows: an adjustable pre-rotating guide vane is installed upstream of the rotor, and its rotation angle is precisely controlled by an actuator (such as an electric or hydraulic servo mechanism). The adjustment step size of the guide vane angle is set as follows: This ensures precise control of fluid flow under different operating conditions. Adjusting the guide vane angle directly affects the pre-swirling intensity of the fluid, i.e., the rotational momentum the fluid possesses before entering the impeller. By increasing the guide vane angle, the fluid acquires pre-swirling in the same direction as the impeller's rotation, thereby reducing its absolute tangential velocity. This reduces the relative velocity between the particles and the blades. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0087] in, To affect the speed, Let be the absolute velocity of the fluid. for and The included angle is usually close to The angle is determined by the rotor geometry. This can be effectively controlled by adjusting the guide vane angle. The tangential component makes Reduce to critical impact velocity This is to prevent particles from causing severe wear on the blades.

[0088] In practical applications, this step is usually executed under the command of the control system. The system uses real-time data collected by particle monitoring sensors and flow meters, combined with the geometric parameters of the impeller, to determine the parameters. and current speed Calculate and Compare. If Approaching or exceeding Then the control unit issues an adjustment command to adjust the guide vane angle to... Adjust the step size gradually until... satisfy Requirements.

[0089] By actively adjusting the fluid flow state, rather than relying on material properties or passive protection methods, dynamic control of particle impact velocity is achieved. It is highly adaptable, especially suitable for working conditions with sandy water flow or high mineral particle concentrations. It can be used in conjunction with methods such as impeller speed adjustment and blade inlet angle optimization to form a multi-dimensional anti-wear control strategy.

[0090] Also includes: S5, based on the wear model Generate wear risk levels, among which The wear strength index, This refers to the particle mass concentration. For impact velocity, For speed index, To be consistent with the average particle size Related functions, when A maintenance warning is triggered when the preset threshold is exceeded.

[0091] Specifically, in this invention, based on the wear model Generating wear risk levels is one of the core steps in achieving wear control of the rotor. This model is based on the fundamental physical mechanism of particulate impact wear and comprehensively considers particle mass concentration. Impact speed Speed ​​Index and average particle size Wear strength index This allows for the quantitative assessment and early warning of the wear condition of the rotor.

[0092] This step first relies on the monitoring unit to collect real-time data on the characteristics of particles in the incoming flow, including particle mass concentration. Fluid velocity and average particle size The particle concentration was measured using laser diffraction, and its volume concentration can be expressed as... ,in For the first Number of particles per particle size channel For the corresponding particle size, Sampling volume. Impact velocity. Then, using the relative velocity formula Calculation, where To affect the speed, The rotational speed of the wheel, Where is the blade radius. The angle between the entrainment velocity and the absolute velocity is usually close to It is determined by the wheel geometry design.

[0093] This step is widely applicable to the operation monitoring systems of machinery containing particulate fluids, such as water turbines and pumps. Especially in high-sediment-content rivers or slurry transport systems, by calculating the wear intensity index in real time, it can effectively prevent brittle fracture and premature failure of blades caused by high-speed particle impact, thereby extending equipment life and reducing maintenance costs. Quantifying wear intensity achieves a shift from passive maintenance to proactive prevention, improving the operational reliability and economy of the turbine system. Combined with the feedback adjustment mechanism of the control unit, operating parameters can be dynamically optimized to ensure that the particle impact velocity remains within the material's tolerance range, significantly reducing the risk of wear.

[0094] The particle impact velocity control method of the anti-wear impeller in this invention actively controls the impact velocity of solid particles relative to the impeller blades, making it lower than the material's critical impact velocity, thereby significantly reducing the erosion rate, extending the impeller's service life, and improving the equipment's operational reliability and adaptability in particulate fluid conditions.

[0095] Example 2 The present invention proposes a technical architecture diagram for an anti-wear impeller method utilizing controlled particle impact velocity, as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown, by actively adjusting the flow conditions at the inlet of the impeller or the impeller's own operating parameters, the impact velocity of solid particles in the flow medium relative to the impeller blade surface is controlled below the critical impact velocity, which refers to the lowest particle impact velocity that causes unacceptable abrasive damage to the impeller material.

[0096] This invention can achieve control of particle impact velocity through one or a combination of the following methods: Adjusting the impeller speed: The impeller's rotational speed is dynamically adjusted based on the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of the solid particles in the incoming flow. By reducing the impeller speed, the relative velocity between the particles and the blades is directly reduced, thereby lowering the impact velocity. This can be achieved using a variable frequency drive (VFD).

[0097] Optimize the blade inlet angle: Design or adjust the blade inlet angle to better match the inflow angle of the fluid containing particles, reduce the additional acceleration of particles due to flow separation or impact, and thus indirectly control the velocity vector of particles rushing towards the blade.

[0098] Applying co-directional swirl: By installing guide vanes or using specially designed movable guide vanes in the flow channel upstream of the rotor, a rotational component (pre-swirl) in the same direction as the rotor's rotation is applied to the fluid beforehand. This reduces the absolute tangential velocity of the particles before they enter the rotor, thereby reducing their relative velocity with the rotating blades.

[0099] Particle flow separation: The fluid dynamics of the bladeless area between the runner inlet and the guide vane are optimized to form a specific flow field. Centrifugal force is used to reduce the probability of some heavier or larger particles directly contacting the runner blade wall after entering the runner, thereby reducing the number and mass of particles that directly impact key parts of the blade at high speed (such as the inlet edge and near the lower ring).

[0100] The critical impact velocity can be predetermined by material wear tests and determined by multiphase flow CFD numerical simulation.

[0101] Specifically, Figure 2 The core objective of the monitoring system is to acquire the "abrasiveness" and "impact energy" of the fluid entering the impeller in real time. This is achieved through three key parameters: flow velocity, particle concentration, and average particle size. The flow velocity is measured by installing a pair of ultrasonic transducers (A and B) obliquely on both sides of the pipe wall. Transducer A emits an ultrasonic signal downstream to transducer B, while transducer B simultaneously emits an ultrasonic signal upstream to transducer A. A high-precision clock circuit measures the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves in both directions. t AB (Downstream) and t BA (Countercurrent), assuming the fluid velocity is... v The speed of sound in a stationary fluid is c The straight-line distance between the two transducers is L The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path is θ: Downstream propagation time:

[0102] Backflow propagation time:

[0103] Time difference:

[0104] because The above formula can be simplified to Therefore, flow velocity v It can be calculated as

[0105] In practical applications, the speed of sound c It varies with fluid temperature and density, but the speed of sound term can be eliminated through mathematical calculations, yielding a result independent of the fluid's temperature and density. c The expression for the flow rate: .

[0106] The average particle size and particle concentration are measured using laser diffraction. A highly monochromatic laser beam (typically He-Ne or a laser diode) is emitted from the sensor probe and passed through a fluid window containing particles. The particles cause diffraction (scattering) of the laser. According to Fraunhofer diffraction theory, larger particles produce smaller diffraction angles, and smaller particles produce larger diffraction angles. On the other side of the probe, a multi-element photodetector array (composed of multiple concentric ring-shaped silicon photodiodes) is used to measure the intensity distribution of diffracted light at different angles. i The light energy received by each ring E i It is the sum of the diffraction light intensities contributed by all particles of different sizes within the corresponding angular range of the ring.

[0107]

[0108] in: n j The particle size is d j The number of particles. I i ( d j ) is a single particle size of d j The particles in the first i The theoretical light intensity generated on the ring. m It refers to the number of particle size channels.

[0109] Given the fluid volume (estimated from the volume and velocity of the sample through which the laser passes), the particle number distribution is obtained through inversion. n， Volume concentration or mass concentration can be calculated (assuming particle density). ρ p ) Volume average particle size .

[0110] Furthermore, the critical impact velocity is a material property determined through laboratory tests (such as jet abrasion tests). When particles impact at a velocity lower than... V c When subjected to high-speed impact, plastic wear or fretting wear mainly occurs; when the impact speed is higher than... V c At this point, brittle fracture occurs, and the material loss rate increases dramatically. When calculating the impact velocity, we typically use the relative velocity of the fluid directly. W f The size is used to approximate the impact velocity of the particles. W p .

[0111] in: U It refers to the speed of the impact. V f It is absolute velocity, that is, the velocity measured by the flow meter. V . α for U and V f The included angle (usually close to 90°, determined by the wheel design, is a stored geometric parameter).

[0112] Based on this comparison, a dimensionless wear intensity factor can be calculated. A classic model is:

[0113] in: I Wear strength index. C m Particle mass concentration (sensor measurement). W f : The calculated impact velocity. n Speed ​​index. When W f <V c When n ≈ 2.5~3.2; when W f >V c hour, n It will increase dramatically to 5-7. This explains why wear becomes exceptionally severe once the critical speed is exceeded. f(D) : with average particle size D Related functions, usually with D m Proportional (m ~ 0.5-1).

[0114] Input of various data commands: V f : Actual flow velocity measured by the flow meter. N : Current rotational speed provided by the control system. R,α : Wheel geometry parameters retrieved from the database. V c Critical impact velocity retrieved from the materials database. Then, real-time calculation of the entrainment velocity is performed. Expected impact speed Compare W f and V c Determine the wear mechanism. Data command output: Real-time display. W f The wear risk level is given (low, medium, high, severe). Wf 、C m 、D Substitute into the wear model to calculate the real-time wear rate. I .if I or W f If the safety threshold is exceeded, the system will issue an alarm and recommend that the operator adjust the operating conditions (such as reducing the load / speed, avoiding operation at a specific head) or plan maintenance.

[0115] Through the above controls, the impact of particles on the blades was reduced from... Figure 3 The state shown in Central Earth (a) has improved as follows: Figure 3 The state shown in (b) in the figure significantly reduces wear.

[0116] In summary, this invention proposes an anti-wear impeller method that utilizes controlled particle impact velocity. By actively adjusting the flow conditions at the impeller inlet or the impeller's own operating parameters, the impact velocity of solid particles in the flowing medium relative to the impeller blade surface is controlled below a predetermined critical impact velocity, thereby reducing particle erosion of the impeller. Adjusting the impeller's own operating parameters mainly refers to regulating the impeller's rotational speed. Adjusting the flow conditions at the impeller inlet includes optimizing the impeller blade inlet angle, and / or applying a swirling flow (pre-swirl) upstream of the impeller in the same direction of rotation as the impeller, and / or optimizing the inlet flow field to achieve preliminary particle sorting. Pre-swirl is applied through fixed guide vanes or adjustable movable guide vanes. The critical impact velocity is determined through wear tests on the impeller material or theoretical wear models.

[0117] Example 3 refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention also proposes a turbine runner system that applies a method for controlling particle impact velocity, including a turbine runner, a particle monitoring sensor, a flow meter, a control unit, a speed regulating device (5), and pre-rotating guide vanes. The particle monitoring sensor (2) and the flow meter (3) are arranged in the flow channel before the runner inlet to monitor the particle concentration, average particle size, and flow velocity of the incoming flow in real time. The control unit (4) (such as a PLC or industrial computer) receives these data and combines them with the stored runner geometric parameters, the current rotational speed, and the critical impact velocity of the runner material obtained in advance through experiments. V c Calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles on the blade under the current operating conditions. If the calculated impact velocity is close to or exceeds... V c. The control unit (4) then generates control commands. These commands may include: appropriately reducing the rotor speed via the speed regulating device (5). n Adjust the angle of the pre-spin guide vane (6) to enhance the pre-spin intensity and reduce the absolute tangential velocity of the particles.

[0118] Through the above adjustments, the relative velocity between the particles and the blades, i.e., the impact velocity, is reduced to... V c The following measures are taken to achieve wear resistance. The system can provide feedback adjustments in real time or according to a set cycle.

[0119] For the new turbine runner in the design phase, the hydraulic design method of this invention is adopted. The focus is on optimizing the blade inlet angle so that it can better guide the water flow and particles under the design sand-containing conditions, avoiding excessive local flow velocity and direct impact of particles. At the same time, in the unit operating at a fixed speed, the optimized fixed pre-swirl guide vanes (6) are mainly used to provide sufficient pre-swirl as the main means of controlling the impact velocity.

[0120] The impeller system proposed in this invention, which applies the above method, includes an impeller, a monitoring unit, and a control unit. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the characteristic parameters of solid particles in the incoming flow and / or the operating status parameters of the impeller in real time or periodically. The control unit calculates the expected impact velocity of the particles under the current operating conditions based on the data from the monitoring unit, compares it with a preset critical impact velocity, and then generates control commands to maintain the particle impact velocity below the critical value by adjusting the impeller speed, adjusting the guide vane angle, or controlling the pre-swirl device.

[0121] Example 4 This invention also provides an anti-wear rotating wheel device 10 that utilizes controlled particle impact velocity, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the device 10 includes: The monitoring module 100 is used to monitor the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and to acquire the operating status parameters of the impeller. The impact velocity calculation module 200 is used to calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles relative to the surface of the impeller blades under the current working conditions based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material. The control command generation module 300 is used to generate control commands to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor when the expected impact speed is close to or exceeds the critical impact speed, so that the relative speed between the particles and the blades is reduced to below the critical impact speed. The execution adjustment module 400 is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the impeller through a variable frequency speed control device according to control commands, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

[0122] Furthermore, the monitoring module 100 is also used for: Fluid flow velocity is measured using an ultrasonic transducer, and the formula is used. Calculate flow rate ,in This represents the speed of sound of ultrasound in a stationary fluid. Transducer spacing, The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path. The time difference between downstream and upstream propagation; Particle concentration was measured using laser diffraction, and the formula was used. Calculate volume concentration ,in Particle size The number of particles, Let be the volume of the fluid through which the laser passes.

[0123] The anti-wear impeller device of this invention utilizes the controlled particle impact velocity to actively control the impact velocity of solid particles relative to the impeller blades, keeping it below the material's critical impact velocity. This significantly reduces the erosion rate, extends the impeller's service life, and improves the equipment's operational reliability and adaptability in particulate fluid conditions.

[0124] Example 5 To implement the methods of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the computer device 600 includes a memory 601 and a processor 602; wherein, the processor 602 reads executable program code stored in the memory 601 to run a program corresponding to the executable program code, so as to implement the various steps of the method described above.

[0125] Example 6 To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0126] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0127] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0128] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

Claims

1. A method for using an anti-wear impeller that controls the impact velocity of particles, characterized in that, include: S1, monitor the concentration, hardness and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and obtain the operating status parameters of the impeller; S2, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material, calculate the expected impact velocity of the particles relative to the impeller blade surface under the current working conditions; S3, when the expected impact velocity is close to or exceeds the critical impact velocity, generates a control command to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor, so that the relative velocity between the particles and the blades is reduced to below the critical impact velocity. S4, according to the control command, dynamically adjust the speed of the impeller through the variable frequency speed control device, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through the guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring of the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and the acquisition of the impeller's operating status parameters, also includes: S11, fluid velocity is measured using an ultrasonic transducer, and the formula is used... Calculate flow rate ,in This represents the speed of sound of ultrasound in a stationary fluid. Transducer spacing, The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path. The time difference between downstream and upstream propagation; S12, particle concentration is measured using laser diffraction, and the formula is used... Calculate volume concentration ,in Particle size The number of particles, Let be the volume of the fluid through which the laser passes.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the expected impact velocity of particles relative to the surface of the impeller blades under the current operating conditions, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material, also includes: S21, through formula Calculate the entrainment speed ,in The rotational speed of the wheel, Where is the blade radius; S22, using the vector decomposition formula Calculate the expected impact velocity ,in The absolute velocity of the fluid. The angle between the involved velocity and the absolute velocity.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating control commands to adjust the impeller speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the impeller when the expected impact velocity approaches or exceeds the critical impact velocity also includes: S31 enhances the pre-swirl intensity by adjusting the pre-swirl guide vane angle, thereby reducing the absolute tangential velocity of the fluid; S32 features an optimized inlet flow field design that utilizes centrifugal force to achieve preliminary particle sorting, reducing the proportion of particles that directly impact critical parts of the blades.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the impeller speed via a frequency converter according to control commands, and / or changing the pre-rotating guide vane angle via a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity further includes: S41, through a variable frequency speed control device, continuously adjusts the speed gradient in increments of 0.1%-5% to ensure that the rate of change of impact speed does not exceed [the specified value]. ; S42, via the guide vane adjustment mechanism Adjust the pre-swirl guide vane angle to reduce the fluid tangential velocity by a certain margin. .

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: S5, based on the wear model Generate wear risk levels, among which The wear strength index, This refers to the particle mass concentration. For impact velocity, For speed index, To be consistent with the average particle size Related functions, when A maintenance warning is triggered when the preset threshold is exceeded.

7. A wear-resistant rotating wheel device utilizing controlled particle impact velocity, characterized in that, include: The monitoring module is used to monitor the concentration, hardness, and particle size distribution characteristics of solid particles in the fluid entering the impeller, and to acquire the operating status parameters of the impeller. The impact velocity calculation module is used to calculate the expected impact velocity of particles relative to the surface of the impeller blades under the current working conditions, based on monitoring data and the preset critical impact velocity of the impeller material. The control command generation module is used to generate control commands to adjust the rotor speed and / or the pre-swirl intensity of the upstream flow channel of the rotor when the expected impact velocity is close to or exceeds the critical impact velocity, so as to reduce the relative velocity between the particles and the blades to below the critical impact velocity. The execution adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the rotor speed through a variable frequency speed control device according to control commands, and / or change the pre-rotating guide vane angle through a guide vane adjustment mechanism to optimize the fluid tangential velocity.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring module is also used for: Fluid flow velocity is measured using an ultrasonic transducer, and the formula is used. Calculate flow rate ,in This represents the speed of sound of ultrasound in a stationary fluid. Transducer spacing, The angle between the flow channel axis and the ultrasonic path. The time difference between downstream and upstream propagation; Particle concentration was measured using laser diffraction, and the formula was used. Calculate volume concentration ,in Particle size The number of particles, Let be the volume of the fluid through which the laser passes.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, Including processor and memory; The processor reads executable program code stored in the memory to run a program corresponding to the executable program code, so as to implement the anti-wear wheel method using controlled particle impact speed as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements an anti-wear impeller method as described in any one of claims 1-6, which utilizes the controlled particle impact velocity.

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