A device and method for testing the ice adhesion force of droplets at different impact velocities

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of droplet different impact speed icing adhesion test device, it includes drip system, telescopic guide pipe, guide rail bottom plate assembly and bottom plate angle adjusting mechanism.Drip system is located at the top of device, with drip device, can produce single or continuous droplet.Telescopic guide pipe can adjust the falling height of droplet, realize the control of droplet impact speed, and then satisfy the icing experiment demand under a variety of working conditions.The guide rail bottom plate assembly is internally provided with slidable guide rail, and can install and take out the sample of copper, aluminum, steel and other materials, and the detachable ice mold device is provided on the sample plate, the bottom plate angle adjusting mechanism is composed of two precision elevators at the bottom and lateral shaft, by controlling the different height of elevator, the inclination angle of bottom plate can be adjusted, to simulate the icing process of droplet impacting the surface of material at different angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-temperature environment material icing testing technology, and in particular to a test device and test method for icing adhesion force of droplets with different impact velocities. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as aerospace, shipping, wind power generation equipment, high-voltage transmission lines, and cold-region transportation engineering, structural surfaces often encounter icing problems in low-temperature environments. Icing not only causes degradation of material surface functions but can also lead to reduced lift, increased aerodynamic drag, load fluctuations, and communication signal interference. In severe cases, it can even affect the operational stability of equipment and public safety.

[0003] Research has found that the adhesion strength of ice is influenced by a combination of factors, including the initial impact velocity of the droplet, the impact angle, the microstructural characteristics of the material surface, differences in hydrophilicity, and temperature distribution. Among these, the droplet impact velocity is the key variable determining its kinetic energy release and spreading behavior, directly affecting the formation of ice morphology and changes in adhesion strength. According to a report in the first issue of *Ice and Snow Science and Engineering* in 2022, under −10℃ conditions, when droplets impacted metal samples with velocities of 1.0 m / s, 2.0 m / s, and 3.0 m / s, the initial adhesion force of the resulting ice layer increased sequentially from 120 kPa to over 360 kPa, accompanied by increases in the ice layer coverage area and thickness. This result indicates that when simulating actual high-speed wind and rain, hail impacts, and other similar conditions, the droplet velocity must be strictly and controllably adjusted.

[0004] Common methods for testing ice adhesion include shear loading, pull-off, hammer impact, and centrifugal peeling. These methods primarily test static ice samples, failing to accurately reflect the dynamic freezing behavior during droplet impact. Furthermore, the tests often employ fixed loading structures, making it difficult to simulate the natural conditions of free fall or oblique impact. In addition, existing testing devices are often complex in structure and have limited adjustment functions, making it impossible to achieve impact velocity control, impact angle adjustment, droplet size variation, and rapid sample replacement on a single platform. This results in insufficient reproducibility of experimental scenarios, low data repeatability, and poor scalability.

[0005] Although some research institutions have attempted to construct droplet generation systems by combining electric platforms with syringe dripping to simplify testing procedures and improve accuracy, these devices still have shortcomings in terms of speed control precision, drop height adjustment flexibility, and space utilization. Because the drop height is difficult to linearly control the impact velocity, the platform structure is bulky, the drop speed range is limited, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of special working conditions such as high impact energy and non-perpendicular angles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: This invention proposes a test device and method for testing the icing adhesion force of droplets at different impact velocities. By controlling the different heights of the elevator, the tilt angle of the base plate can be adjusted to simulate the icing process of droplets impacting the material surface at different angles.

[0007] Technical Solution: This invention proposes a test device for the icing adhesion force of droplets with different impact velocities, comprising a base plate angle adjustment mechanism, a guide rail base plate assembly located above the base plate angle adjustment mechanism, a telescopic conduit assembly fixed on the base plate angle adjustment mechanism, and a dripping system connected to the telescopic conduit assembly; the dripping system includes a dripping pipe and a micro-pump located inside the dripping pipe, the dripping pipe including a drip tube and an input end; the telescopic conduit assembly is axially telescopically adjustable in height, and the input end of the dripping pipe is connected to the top end of the telescopic conduit assembly; the guide rail base plate assembly includes a sample plate, an ice-forming mold fixed on the sample plate, a guide rail, and a slider; the base plate angle adjustment mechanism includes an icing chamber, a lift located below the icing chamber, and a transverse rotating shaft, the slider being provided on the upper surface of the icing chamber, the slider cooperating with the guide rail below the sample plate, the guide rail base plate assembly being located inside the icing chamber, the transverse rotating shaft being provided at both ends on one side of the icing chamber, the lift being provided at both ends on the other side, and the lower end of the outer tube being fixed to the outside of the icing chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the inner diameter of the dropper is 1.2 mm, used to generate droplets with a diameter of 2.5 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet end of the drip pipe is covered with a constant temperature heating sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic conduit assembly includes an inner tube, a middle tube located outside the inner tube, and an outer tube located outside the middle tube. The inner tube and the middle tube, and the middle tube and the outer tube, can slide axially and are locked by a spiral locking structure. The inner tube, the middle tube, and the outer tube are made of aluminum alloy and their inner walls are covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-icing and anti-stick coating. The outer walls of the inner tube, the middle tube, and the outer tube are provided with height markings. The inner tube is L-shaped and the dropper output end is connected to the lateral end of the inner tube.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the slider is provided with a locking structure.

[0012] Preferably, the ice-forming mold is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom, the sidewall material is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the bottom edge of the ice-forming mold is provided with a 5mm silicone base.

[0013] Preferably, the elevator is equipped with an elevator knob.

[0014] A method for testing the icing adhesion force of droplets with different impact velocities includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Drip system debugging: Inject the required liquid medium into the liquid supply container of the drip system to ensure sufficient liquid level and no air bubbles in the pipeline. Start the micro pump in the drip system for trial operation and observe whether droplets are stably formed and falling at the outlet of the drip tube. By adjusting the output flow rate or frequency of the micro pump, set the required dripping speed and single drop volume to obtain the drop formation frequency required for the experiment. Then turn on the constant temperature heating sleeve covering the outside of the drip tube and set the corresponding temperature value. After completing the above debugging, the drip system enters standby mode.

[0016] Step 2: Adjusting the height of the telescopic conduit: Adjust the drop height of the telescopic conduit assembly according to the droplet impact velocity required for the test;

[0017] Step 3: Sample installation and replacement: Select the sample plate to be tested and install it on the icing chamber, with the sample plate surface facing up and its center aligned with the position vertically below the drip pipe. Securely fix the sample plate on the sliding mounting block, slide the slider along the guide rail to place the sample plate back into the designated position inside the icing chamber, and attach the ice forming mold to the sample plate; close the icing chamber door.

[0018] Step 4: Base plate angle adjustment: Adjust the base plate angle adjustment mechanism to adjust the tilt angle of the sample plate according to the test requirements;

[0019] Step 5: Water dripping and freezing test: Confirm that the ambient temperature in the freezing chamber has reached the low temperature conditions required for the test. Then, start the micro pump and, according to the set parameters, the droplets will drip from the drip tube and fall from the set height, impacting the surface of the sample plate at a predetermined speed, causing the droplets to freeze in the ice mold. When the ice on the sample plate reaches the expected thickness or freezing shape, stop the micro pump supply, turn off the dripping system, and end the dripping process.

[0020] Step Six: Adhesion Test and Parameter Change: After the dripping stops, open the door of the icing chamber and remove the frozen sample plate and ice-forming mold; after the ice has solidified in the ice-forming mold, peel off the ice column using shearing or pulling methods, and record the total force required for peeling using a force sensor. According to the definition of ice adhesion force, the adhesion strength per unit area is calculated using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] in: The adhesion strength per unit area of ​​ice; The total force required to peel off the ice body; A is the contact area between the ice body and the sample.

[0023] Preferably, in step four, the angle is adjusted back to horizontal or to other angles by rotating the lifting mechanism knob to adjust the height of the front and rear ends until the corresponding target angle value is reached; the base plate angle adjustment mechanism can realize any angle setting of the sample plate from horizontal to the predetermined maximum tilt angle range.

[0024] Preferably, the water freezing experiment in step five includes a single drop impact freezing test or a continuous drip freezing test.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The experimental device and method for testing the icing adhesion force of droplets with different impact velocities proposed in this invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) Through the three-section adjustable telescopic conduit structure, the droplet falling height can be continuously adjusted within a certain range, thereby realizing the control of the impact velocity, which is suitable for various experimental conditions. (2) The base plate angle adjustment mechanism adopts two sets of lifting mechanisms in conjunction with the transverse rotating shaft, which has a stable structure and a wide angle adjustment range, and can realize the precise setting of the platform elevation angle, thereby improving the flexibility of impact angle simulation. (3) The sample installation structure adopts a sliding slider and a clamping mechanism, which is convenient to install and quick to sample, and supports the replacement of samples of various materials such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel, effectively improving experimental efficiency. (4) The drip system integrates a micro-pump control device and is equipped with an external heating constant temperature sleeve, which effectively ensures the continuity of droplets and the smoothness of the nozzle outlet. The drip tube adopts a controllable drip tube with an inner diameter of 1.2 mm, which can stably generate droplets with a diameter of about 2.5 mm, and is suitable for long-term operation in low-temperature environments. (5) The icing chamber adopts a heat-insulated box structure, and its bottom connecting pad is equipped with a rubber gasket, which can improve the heat preservation effect and reduce the vibration impact of the lifting mechanism on the platform structure, thus ensuring the accuracy of the experiment. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the droplet ice adhesion force test device with different impact velocities in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the dripping system in the first embodiment of the droplet ice adhesion force test device with different droplet impact velocities in this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dripping system in the first embodiment of the ice adhesion force test device with different impact velocities in this invention.

[0029] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic conduit assembly in the first embodiment of the droplet icing adhesion force test device with different impact velocities in this invention.

[0030] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the guide rail base plate assembly in the first embodiment of the droplet icing adhesion force test device with different impact velocities in this invention.

[0031] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the base plate angle adjustment mechanism in the first embodiment of the droplet ice adhesion force test device with different impact velocities in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the droplet icing adhesion force testing device of the present invention with different impact velocities is configured as a modular structure, mainly including a dripping system 1, a telescopic conduit assembly 2, a guide rail base plate assembly 3, and a base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4. Among them, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drip system 1 is located at the top of the overall structure of the device. The drip system 1 mainly consists of a drip tube 11 and a micro pump 13. The drip tube 11 includes a drip tip 111 and an input end 112. The input end 112 is connected to the telescopic conduit assembly 2 below to form a passage. The input end 112 of the drip tube 11 is covered with a constant temperature heating sleeve 12 to ensure that the droplets do not freeze prematurely in the low temperature experimental environment. The micro pump 13 is located inside the input end 112. The micro pump 13 helps to quickly establish the droplet generation conditions in the early stage of the experiment, ensuring that the droplet size is uniform and the frequency is stable. The telescopic conduit assembly 2 adopts a three-section nested structure to facilitate height adjustment. The three sections are an outer tube 21, a middle tube 22, and an inner tube 23. The drip tube 11 is installed on the horizontal water outlet section at the top of the inner tube 23.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the lower telescopic conduit assembly 2 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) anti-icing and anti-stick coating on the inner wall to reduce ice residue. A ring-shaped locking structure 24 is provided between the outer tube 21 and the middle tube 22, and between the middle tube 22 and the inner tube 23. Different sections can be quickly locked and unlocked by rotating the screw ring. Limiting scale lines 25 are marked on the outer wall of the conduit for easy observation and height adjustment. The main function of the telescopic conduit assembly 2 is to control the droplet's falling height, thereby adjusting the impact velocity.

[0034] The guide rail base plate assembly 3 is located at the bottom of the device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the guide rail base plate assembly 3 includes two parallel guide rails 31, a sliding block 32, and a sample plate 35. The guide rails 31 are fixed to the inner surface of the icing chamber 43 by welding. The sliding block 32 is fixed below the metal sample plate and can slide freely along the guide rails 31. The upper part of the sliding block 32 is provided with a detachable sample clamping structure for quick installation of various sample plates 35, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, and copper plates. The sample clamping structure adopts double-sided clamping and, with the help of positioning pin holes, ensures the stability of the sample during the test. An ice-forming mold 33 is provided on the sample plate 35. The ice-forming mold 33 is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The bottom of the cavity is the sample plate 35. The side wall material of the ice-forming mold 33 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. A 5mm silicone base 34 is provided at the bottom edge of the ice-forming mold 33 to prevent icing with the four walls.

[0035] The base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4 is located below the guide rail base plate assembly 3 and includes two lifts 41, a transverse rotating shaft 42 and an icing chamber. The lifts 41 are installed at both ends on one side below the icing chamber 43. By controlling the height difference between their lifting heights, the lifts 41 have an angle scale; thus, the base plate elevation angle can be finely adjusted, making it easy for the operator to accurately control the impact angle.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the entire guide rail base plate assembly 3 is installed on the upper surface of the icing chamber, and the icing chamber 43 is set on the upper bearing platform of the base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4 and fixed by welding.

[0037] In addition to the above embodiments, this invention also introduces a ring-shaped locking structure 24. The inner cavity of the conduit is provided with precision threads, which, in conjunction with the corresponding spiral pattern on the outer wall of the conduit, allow for adjustment of the conduit length by rotation, thereby improving the stability and precision of the telescopic conduit. To enhance the stability and water tightness of the connection between the drip system and the conduit, a threaded straight connector is used. One end of the connector has an external thread that screws into the inner thread of the conduit, and the other end connects to the outlet of the drip system. The connector is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which is corrosion-resistant and low-temperature resistant.

[0038] Figure 6 The structure of the base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4 is further shown. The electric lifting mechanism 4 is placed between the support base and the bearing platform. It adopts a screw and nut drive structure and is guided by a precision guide rail, which can realize the stable translation of the lifting platform.

[0039] In summary, through the design and combination of the above structures, the droplet icing adhesion force test device of the present invention can realize droplet speed adjustment, angle change control, multiple sample installation and icing process simulation, providing a stable and reliable experimental platform for subsequent ice layer adhesion strength measurement and anti-icing performance evaluation.

[0040] In the actual laying phase, the specific construction steps are roughly as follows:

[0041] Step 1, Drip System Debugging: Pour the required water or other liquid medium into the supply container of drip system 1, ensuring sufficient liquid level and no air bubbles in the pipeline. Start the micro-pump 13 in drip system 1 for trial operation, observing whether droplets stably form and fall at the outlet of drip tube 11. By adjusting the output flow rate or frequency of micro-pump 13, set the required dripping speed and single drop volume to obtain the ideal droplet formation frequency. At the same time, turn on the constant temperature heating sleeve 12 covering the outside of drip tube 11 and set the temperature within an appropriate range. This prevents freezing and blockage at the outlet of drip tube 11 due to low ambient temperature, ensuring continuous and smooth droplet formation and dripping. After completing the above debugging, drip system 1 enters standby mode, ready to begin the formal drip freezing experiment.

[0042] Step 2, Adjusting the Height of the Telescopic Conduit: Adjust the falling height of the telescopic conduit assembly 2 according to the droplet impact velocity required for the experiment. Loosen the annular locking structure 24 between the outer tube 21 and the inner tube 23 of the telescopic conduit, allowing the inner tube to slide freely axially within the outer tube 21. Then, referring to the height scale 25 on the outer wall of the conduit, adjust the telescopic conduit assembly 2 to the desired target height position. After the height is adjusted to the correct position, tighten the locking structure 24 to fix the conduit length and prevent deviation due to conduit slippage during the experiment. At this point, the falling height of the droplets from the dripping system 1 has been set, and the corresponding droplet impact velocity is also accurately determined.

[0043] Step 3, Sample Installation and Replacement: Select the sample plate 35 to be tested and install it onto the guide rail base plate assembly 3. The sample material can be different materials such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel to meet the testing requirements of different working conditions. When installing or replacing the sample, first open the side door of the icing chamber 43 to expose the sample sliding mounting structure 42 on the guide rail base plate assembly 3. Figure 3 As shown, two parallel guide rails 31 are arranged inside the guide rail base plate assembly 3, and a sliding mounting block 32 is slidably connected to the guide rails. During operation, hold the sliding mounting block 32 and slowly pull it out of the icing chamber along the guide rail 31 for easy sample loading and unloading. Next, loosen the detachable sample holder structure on the top of the sliding mounting block 32 and remove the sample plate 35 used in the previous test. Then, place the new sample plate 35 in the positioning groove of the holder structure, ensuring that the surface of the sample plate 35 is facing upwards and its center is aligned with the vertical position below the drip pipe 11. After confirming that the sample plate 35 is placed correctly, re-tighten the holder structure to firmly fix the sample plate 35 on the sliding mounting block 32 to prevent loosening or displacement. After the sample plate 35 is installed and fixed, the sliding mounting block 32 is pushed back to its original test position along the guide rail 31, so that the sample plate 35 is placed back in the designated position inside the icing chamber 43, ensuring that it is directly facing the predetermined impact area of ​​the dripping droplet, and the mold 33 is tightly attached to the sample plate 35. Finally, the door of the icing chamber 4 is closed to ensure good sealing of the chamber and create a constant low-temperature environment for the next icing experiment.

[0044] Step 4, Base Plate Angle Adjustment: According to the test requirements, adjust the base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4 to set the tilt angle of the sample plate 35, thereby simulating the working condition of droplets impacting the surface at different incident angles. First, check the angle scale 411 on the lifting knob to obtain the current tilt angle of the guide rail base plate assembly 3. If this angle is not the value required for the test, it needs to be adjusted. During adjustment, the platform can be raised or lowered by rotating the precision lifting knobs 411 at both ends of the base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4. Since one side of the guide rail base plate assembly 3 is hinged to the base through the transverse pivot 42, and the other side is supported by a set of precision lifting mechanisms 41 at the front and rear, adjusting the height of the front and rear lifting mechanisms 41 simultaneously will tilt the platform around the pivot 42. If it is necessary to adjust the platform angle back to horizontal or to other angles, rotate the lifting knob 411 in the opposite direction or finely adjust the height of the front and rear ends separately until the scale displays the target angle value. Similarly, the base plate angle adjustment mechanism 4 can be used to set any angle of the sample plate 35 from horizontal to the predetermined maximum tilt angle range. After the angle adjustment is completed, check the position of the sample plate 35 to ensure that the area receiving the droplet after tilting is still within the trajectory range of the vertical droplet fall, so as to ensure that the droplet can accurately hit the upper surface of the sample plate 35.

[0045] Step 5, Water Droplet Freezing Test: After completing the above settings, the experiment simulating droplet impact freezing can begin. First, confirm that the ambient temperature inside the freezing chamber has reached the required low-temperature conditions for the test (e.g., the temperature inside the chamber drops below 0°C). Then, start the micro-pump 13 to activate the water droplet system 1. According to the set parameters, the droplet will drip from the drip pipe 11 at a stable frequency, be guided by the telescopic conduit assembly 2, fall from a set height, and impact the surface of the sample plate 35 at a predetermined speed, causing it to freeze in the mold 33. For a single droplet impact freezing test, only a single droplet can be dripped; if a continuous drip freezing test is performed, the droplet can be allowed to drip continuously for a period of time, accumulating to form an ice layer of a certain thickness on the sample surface. Once the droplet touches the sample plate 35 in the low-temperature environment, it immediately cools and solidifies in the mold, gradually forming an attached ice layer on the plate surface. The entire freezing process can be monitored through the transparent observation window of the freezing chamber 43. When the ice on the sample plate 35 reaches the expected thickness or freezing morphology, stop the liquid supply from the micro pump 13, shut off the dripping system 1, and end the dripping process.

[0046] Step 5, Adhesion Test and Parameter Change: After the dripping stops, open the cover of the icing chamber 43, and again grasp the sliding mounting block 32 and slowly pull it out of the chamber along the guide rail 31, together with the frozen sample plate 35 and the mold 33. After the ice body freezes in the mold 33, the ice column is peeled off by shearing or pulling, and the total force required to peel off the ice body is recorded by the force sensor. According to the definition of ice adhesion force, the adhesion strength per unit area can be calculated using the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] in: The adhesion strength per unit area of ​​ice (Pa); Total force (N) required to peel off the ice; The contact area between the ice and the sample is (m²).

[0049] To conduct the next set of icing adhesion tests, the residual ice layer on the sample plate 35 can be removed for reuse, or a new sample plate 35 can be installed. Subsequently, the corresponding parameters are adjusted according to the new test requirements: if the droplet impact velocity is changed, the height of the telescopic guide tube 2 is reset; if the impact angle is changed, the tilt angle of the base plate is adjusted; if a different material sample is used, a sample plate 35 of the corresponding material is installed. After adjustment, a new droplet icing test is conducted. By sequentially changing the droplet fall height, the tilt angle of the sample plate 35, and the sample material, this device can simulate the droplet icing process under various working conditions and can quickly switch experimental conditions to conduct a series of tests, greatly improving experimental efficiency. During each parameter adjustment and test, the position of each component is indicated by a scale, ensuring the repeatability of test conditions and the comparability of results under different working conditions.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for testing the icing adhesion force of droplets with different impact velocities, characterized in that, The system includes a base plate angle adjustment mechanism (4), a guide rail base plate assembly (3) located above the base plate angle adjustment mechanism (4), a telescopic conduit assembly (2) fixed on the base plate angle adjustment mechanism (4), and a dripping system (1) connected to the telescopic conduit assembly (2); the dripping system (1) includes a dripping pipe (11) and a micro-pump (13) located inside the dripping pipe (11), the dripping pipe (11) including a drip tube (111) and an input end (112); the telescopic conduit assembly (2) is axially telescopically adjustable in height, and the input end (112) of the dripping pipe (11) is connected to the top of the telescopic conduit assembly (2); the guide rail base plate assembly (4) 3) Includes a sample plate (35), an ice-forming mold (33) fixed on the sample plate (35), a guide rail (31) and a sliding mounting block (32); the bottom plate angle adjustment mechanism (4) includes an ice chamber (43), an elevator (41) located below the ice chamber (43) and a transverse rotating shaft (42). The upper surface of the ice chamber (43) is provided with the sliding mounting block (32). The sliding mounting block (32) cooperates with the guide rail (31) below the sample plate (35). The guide rail bottom plate assembly (3) is located inside the ice chamber (43). The transverse rotating shaft (42) is provided at both ends on one side of the ice chamber, and the elevator (41) is provided at both ends on the other side. The telescopic conduit assembly (2) includes an inner tube (23), a middle tube (22) located outside the inner tube (23), and an outer tube (21) located outside the middle tube (22). The inner tube (23) and the middle tube (22) and the middle tube (22) and the outer tube (21) can slide axially and are locked by a ring-shaped locking structure (24). The inner tube (23), the middle tube (22), and the outer tube (21) are made of aluminum alloy and have a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-icing and anti-stick coating on their inner walls. The outer walls of the inner tube (23), the middle tube (22), and the outer tube (21) are provided with height markings (25). The inner tube (23) is an "L"-shaped conduit. The output end of the drip pipe (11) is connected to the lateral end of the inner tube (23). The lower end of the outer tube (21) is fixed to the outside of the icing chamber (43). The ice-forming mold (33) is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom, and the side wall material is polytetrafluoroethylene. The bottom edge of the ice-forming mold (33) is provided with a 5mm silicone base.

2. The droplet ice adhesion force testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dropper (111) has an inner diameter of 1.2 mm and is used to generate droplets with a diameter of 2.5 mm.

3. The droplet ice adhesion force testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet (112) of the drip pipe (11) is covered with a constant temperature heating sleeve (12).

4. The droplet ice adhesion force testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding mounting block (32) has a locking structure on its top.

5. The droplet ice adhesion force testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elevator (41) is equipped with an elevator knob (411).

6. A test method for the droplet icing adhesion force test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Drip system debugging: Inject the liquid medium required for the experiment into the liquid supply container of the drip system (1) to ensure sufficient liquid level and no air bubbles in the pipeline. Start the micro pump (13) in the drip system (1) for trial operation. Observe whether there are stable droplets forming and falling at the outlet of the drip tube (11). By adjusting the output flow rate or frequency of the micro pump (13), set the required dripping speed and single drop volume to obtain the drop formation frequency required for the experiment. Then turn on the constant temperature heating sleeve (12) covering the outside of the drip tube (11) and set the corresponding temperature value. After completing the above debugging, the drip system (1) enters the standby state. Step 2: Adjusting the height of the telescopic conduit: Adjust the falling height of the telescopic conduit assembly (2) according to the droplet impact speed required for the test; Step 3: Sample installation and replacement: Select the sample plate (35) to be tested and install it on the icing chamber (43), with the surface of the sample plate (35) facing upward and its center aligned with the vertical position below the drip pipe (11). Securely fix the sample plate (35) on the sliding mounting block (32), slide the sliding mounting block (32) along the guide rail (31) to place the sample plate (35) back into the designated position inside the icing chamber (43), and attach the ice forming mold (33) to the sample plate (35); close the door of the icing chamber (43). Step 4: Adjusting the base plate angle: Adjust the base plate angle adjustment mechanism (4) according to the test requirements to adjust the tilt angle of the sample plate (35); Step 5: Water dripping and freezing test: Confirm that the ambient temperature in the freezing chamber has reached the low temperature conditions required for the test, and then start the micro pump (13). According to the set parameters, the droplets will drip from the drip pipe (11) from the set height and fall, and hit the surface of the sample plate (35) at a predetermined speed, so that the droplets freeze in the ice mold (33). When the ice on the sample plate (35) reaches the expected thickness or freezing shape, stop the micro pump (13) to supply liquid, turn off the dripping system (1), and end the dripping process. Step Six: Adhesion Test and Parameter Change: After the dripping stops, open the door of the icing chamber (43) and take out the frozen sample plate (35) and the ice forming mold (33); after the ice body is frozen in the ice forming mold (33), the ice column is peeled off by shearing or pulling, and the total force required for peeling is recorded by the force sensor. According to the definition of ice adhesion force, the adhesion strength per unit area is calculated using the following formula: in: The adhesion strength per unit area of ​​ice; The total force required to peel off the ice body; A is the contact area between the ice body and the sample.

7. The test method of the droplet ice adhesion force test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four, the angle is adjusted back to horizontal or to other angles by adjusting the lifting knob (411) of the lifting machine (41) to adjust the height of the front and rear ends until the corresponding target angle value is reached; the base plate angle adjustment mechanism (4) can realize any angle setting of the sample plate (35) from horizontal to the predetermined maximum tilt angle range.

8. The test method of the droplet ice adhesion force test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water freezing experiment in step five includes either a single drop impact freezing test or a continuous drip freezing test.

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