Fault detection method and system based on hydrogen production rectifier

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fault detection, in particular to a fault detection method and system based on a hydrogen production rectifier. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring output current of a rectifier in real time and identifying an abnormal state of an electrolytic cell, immediately outputting a judgment signal when detecting that the current direction is converted into a recharge trend from a power supply trend, driving a circuit breaker to instantaneously trip and disconnect a contactor, and generating a fault prompt at the same time, so as to realize rapid monitoring and automatic protection in a reverse charge process. According to the invention, the running states of the hydrogen production rectifier and the electrolytic cell are monitored in real time, the reverse energy recharge trend is accurately identified, and a rapid tripping protection and fault recording mechanism is combined, so that accurate judgment of the running state of the hydrogen production system, rapid response of equipment safety protection and intelligent improvement of fault positioning operation and maintenance are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fault detection technology, and in particular to a fault detection method and system based on a hydrogen rectifier. Background Technology

[0002] During actual operation of an electrolyzer, factors such as insufficient gas-liquid separation, internal pressure fluctuations, and abnormal shutdowns can cause the electrolyzer to output reverse energy to the rectifier, forming a so-called "backflow phenomenon." This reverse energy can damage the rectifier's power components, overload the output bus, and cause instability in the control system, even leading to system shutdown or equipment burnout.

[0003] Existing backflow protection methods mostly rely on a single current threshold or hardware protection mechanism for triggering, which has shortcomings such as reaction delay, high misjudgment rate, inability to distinguish different operating conditions, and lack of fault tracing capabilities, making it difficult to meet the needs of hydrogen production systems for real-time, safety, and intelligent monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fault detection method and system based on a hydrogen rectifier to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a fault detection method based on a hydrogen production rectifier is provided, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer, and collect the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through the Hall current sensor set on the output bus to obtain the collected current signal; Step S2: Based on the collected current signal, the reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier determines whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in the state of shutdown, gas-liquid separation or pressure imbalance, so as to confirm the feedback signal. Step S3: Detect the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from the energized state to the reverse energy reinjection state, and output the reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed; Step S4: Based on the reverse flow judgment signal, drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

[0006] The present invention also provides a fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier, used to execute the fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier as described above, the fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier comprising: The current acquisition module is used to connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer and acquire the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through a Hall current sensor set on the bus of the output end to obtain the acquired current signal. The feedback identification module, based on the collected current signal, uses a reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier to determine whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in a shutdown, gas-liquid separation, or pressure imbalance state, so as to confirm the feedback signal. The reverse trend detection module detects the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from a energized state to a reverse energy reinjection state, and outputs a reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed. The fault protection execution module is used to drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping based on the backflow judgment signal, and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, by acquiring the current direction and amplitude signals at the output of the hydrogen rectifier and combining them with a reverse detection relay, the system achieves real-time identification of the electrolyzer's operating status, enabling it to accurately distinguish between normal power supply and reverse energy reinjection states. Simultaneously, this invention utilizes level sensors, pressure sensors, and dynamic trend analysis to perform multi-source joint identification of abnormal operating conditions such as shutdown, gas-liquid separation, and pressure imbalance, achieving multi-dimensional input for fault source determination. This makes the reverse injection detection results more stable, targeted, and reliable. This effectively avoids false tripping caused by misjudgment of a single signal, improving the reliability and intelligent discrimination capability of the fault triggering logic.

[0008] Second, by setting a reverse-feedback judgment signal and instantaneous tripping linkage control logic, the output circuit breaker can be immediately driven to trip upon detecting a reverse energy backflow trend, and the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier can be disconnected simultaneously. This cuts off the reverse backflow current path at the system level, achieving rapid protection for the hydrogen rectifier, electrolyzer, and supporting power units. Furthermore, through signal buffering and locking, amplitude verification and polarity comparison mechanisms, as well as coil on / off status detection and auxiliary contact consistency confirmation, online mechanical and electrical pre-verification of the circuit breaker's condition before operation is achieved. This avoids circuit breaker malfunctions or failures to operate, ensuring the safety, accuracy, and physical redundancy of the protection action triggering process.

[0009] Third, by performing logical correlation analysis on circuit breaker tripping data and contactor disconnection data, a tripping-disconnection action sequence can be formed, enabling fault category and fault location identification. The system can automatically generate fault prompts and display, record, and traceably archive them in real time, allowing maintenance personnel to quickly locate the fault source, occurrence time, and operating condition background. Simultaneously, based on a comprehensive decision-making framework encompassing zoned pressure fluctuations, liquid level behavior response characteristics, and reverse energy reinjection trigger signals, the hydrogen production system possesses interpretability and operational trend judgment capabilities. This facilitates the formation of equipment maintenance prediction models and reduces unplanned downtime, thereby significantly improving the operational safety, fault diagnosis efficiency, and operational intelligence level of the hydrogen production system. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps in a fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A detailed flowchart illustrating the implementation steps of step S4. Figure 3 This is an electrical schematic diagram of a fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to this application; Figure 4 This is a current direction variation trend diagram for a fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to this application; The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical method of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0013] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 A fault detection method based on a hydrogen production rectifier, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer, and collect the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through the Hall current sensor set on the output bus to obtain the collected current signal; In one embodiment, reference Figure 3 The output terminal of the hydrogen rectifier is reliably connected to the input terminal of the electrolyzer via connecting wires, ensuring good electrical contact and meeting current carrying requirements. The hydrogen rectifier can be an adjustable DC output power supply device, with positive and negative buses at its output terminal for providing a constant or adjustable DC current to the electrolyzer.

[0015] A Hall current sensor is installed on the output bus to measure the direction and amplitude of the current in the bus in real time. The Hall current sensor uses a non-contact magnetic induction method to convert the current passing through the bus into a corresponding voltage or digital signal output for subsequent data acquisition and processing. The sensor's measurement range is preferably 0 to 2000 amperes, with an accuracy of not less than ±1%, and it has fast response characteristics to capture instantaneous current changes.

[0016] The Hall current sensor is connected to the control system via a signal acquisition module. The acquisition module samples the sensor output signal in real time at a preset sampling frequency (e.g., 1 kHz to 10 kHz) and digitizes the acquired current direction and amplitude signals to generate a dataset of acquired current signals. Each data record contains a timestamp, current amplitude, and direction information, which are used for subsequent fault detection and control judgment.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, to ensure the stability and accuracy of the signal, the Hall sensor and bus connection can be zero-point calibrated before acquiring the current signal to eliminate environmental magnetic interference and baseline deviation; at the same time, the acquired signal can be preprocessed by real-time filtering or moving average algorithm to reduce the impact of noise on subsequent fault analysis.

[0018] Step S2: Based on the collected current signal, the reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier determines whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in the state of shutdown, gas-liquid separation or pressure imbalance, so as to confirm the feedback signal. In one embodiment, the control module of the hydrogen production system first acquires the real-time current signal at the output of the hydrogen rectifier through a Hall current sensor or a sampling resistor. The signal includes amplitude and direction information, and the acquired current signal is sent to the reverse detection unit. The reverse detection unit includes a reverse detection relay installed at the rectifier output. Its working principle is that when a reverse energy flow occurs at the rectifier output, the relay coil senses a reverse current direction and generates a contact actuation signal. The control module determines whether reverse energy feedback exists by reading the closed and open states of the relay contacts.

[0019] In terms of judgment logic, the control module makes a multi-condition combination judgment based on the amplitude range of the collected current signal and the state of the relay contacts: when the current amplitude is close to zero or the relay remains open, the electrolytic cell is determined to be in a shutdown state; when the current amplitude fluctuates, but the amplitude is small and the relay is triggered for a short time, the electrolytic cell is determined to be in a gas-liquid separation state; when the current amplitude fluctuates greatly and the relay is triggered for a long time or multiple times, the electrolytic cell is determined to have reverse energy feedback caused by local pressure imbalance.

[0020] The control module generates a feedback signal based on the above judgment results and records the occurrence time, duration and current amplitude characteristics of the feedback signal, providing data basis for subsequent fault detection or protection control.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, to improve the reliability of the judgment, when the reverse detection relay is triggered, the current signal trend of the previous few sampling periods is compared at the same time to avoid misjudgment caused by occasional current spikes, and the feedback signal output can be further smoothed by software filtering.

[0022] Step S3: Detect the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from the energized state to the reverse energy reinjection state, and output the reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed; In one embodiment, a Hall current sensor installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier first acquires the current feedback signal of the electrolyzer in real time. The current feedback signal includes amplitude and direction information, where the direction information is used to determine the current energized or recharged state of the electrolyzer. The sensor output signal is amplified and filtered by a signal conditioning module before being analyzed by the control module.

[0023] The control module establishes a short-term historical window based on the collected continuous current direction data to analyze the trend of current direction changes. Specifically, it compares the direction information obtained from continuous sampling with the data from the previous sampling period to determine whether the direction has continuously reversed. If the current direction gradually changes from positive to negative within several consecutive sampling periods, and the amplitude is still greater than a preset threshold, it is determined that the electrolytic cell has entered the reverse feed-back state from the energized state.

[0024] To enhance the stability and noise immunity of the judgment, the control module smooths the trend of directional change and sets time filtering conditions: that is, only when the current direction reverses for more than a preset time (e.g., 0.5 seconds to 2 seconds) will a valid reverse flow judgment signal be output; short-term fluctuations will not trigger the judgment.

[0025] After completing trend analysis and filtering, the control module generates a backflow judgment signal and transmits the judgment result to the rectifier protection logic and the upper-level monitoring system through the control interface, so as to activate the corresponding protection measures or record the fault event.

[0026] In another embodiment, reference can be made to Figure 4 The directional trend of the current feedback signal is determined by a dynamic polarity identification method based on time series analysis. In this figure, the horizontal axis represents time, labeled with three stages: t=0 ms (normal operation), t=250 ms (state transition), and t=450 ms (reverse current injection); the vertical axis represents the change in current amplitude. Green dots represent forward current samples, and red dots represent reverse current samples. The curve gradually decreases from an initial positive direction and, after crossing the dashed zero-current threshold, turns into a continuous reverse trend, indicating that the electrolyzer has entered the energy reverse injection stage from normal energized operation.

[0027] Step S4: Based on the reverse flow judgment signal, drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

[0028] In one embodiment, after the backfeeding determination signal is generated in step S3, the control module immediately receives the signal and triggers the output logic. The control module sends an instantaneous trip command to the circuit breaker of the hydrogen rectifier through the internal relay control interface to ensure that the circuit breaker operates within milliseconds, thereby achieving rapid disconnection of the rectifier output.

[0029] Simultaneously, the control module sends a closing / opening control signal to the contactor on the input side of the hydrogen production rectifier, causing the contactor to open promptly to prevent reverse current from continuing to flow into the system from the rectifier output. The contactor's action is synchronized with the circuit breaker's tripping action, ensuring that the entire hydrogen production circuit receives immediate protection upon receiving a reverse current detection signal.

[0030] After the circuit breaker and contactor have completed their operation, the control module generates fault indication information through the human-machine interface or the upper-level monitoring system. This information includes the time of the backflow event, the corresponding rectifier number, the fault level, and the real-time collected current amplitude and direction data. This information is not only used for real-time display by the field operator but is also automatically recorded in the system log for subsequent fault analysis and tracing.

[0031] To ensure system safety and data integrity, a redundant monitoring mechanism is also set up in the embodiment. During the circuit breaker tripping and contactor disconnection process, auxiliary sensors monitor the changes in output bus voltage and current in real time to verify the effectiveness of the circuit breaking action. If the action is not completed or there is residual reverse current, the disconnection command will be repeated and the relevant fault data will be recorded again.

[0032] Preferably, the method for determining the shutdown, gas-liquid separation, or pressure imbalance state in step S2 includes: Extracting current amplitude based on the acquired current signal; By comparing the current amplitude with the preset minimum operating current threshold, it is determined whether the electrolytic cell is in a shutdown state. Signals from the electrolytic cell are collected using gas pressure sensors and liquid level sensors inside the electrolytic cell. Analyze the gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer signal and determine whether the electrolyzer is in a gas-liquid separation state based on the gas-liquid distribution characteristics; Extract the pressure sensor signals of each zone from the electrolytic cell signal, and calculate the zone pressure difference and pressure standard deviation; Based on the pressure difference between zones and the standard deviation of pressure, determine whether the electrolytic cell is in a state of pressure imbalance. The results of the judgments for shutdown, gas-liquid separation, and pressure imbalance are logically combined. If any state is judged to be true, a corresponding feedback signal is generated.

[0033] In one embodiment, step S2 includes judging the shutdown, gas-liquid separation, and pressure imbalance states of the electrolyzer and generating corresponding feedback signals. First, the electrolyzer's operating current signal is acquired by a Hall current sensor installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier, and the current amplitude is recorded in real time. The current amplitude can be acquired in the range of 0 to 500 amperes, and the sampling frequency is preferably 50 to 200 milliseconds / time to ensure the capture of transient changes.

[0034] The shutdown state is determined by comparing the real-time collected current amplitude with a preset minimum operating current threshold. For example, when the current amplitude is below 5-10 amperes and lasts for more than 1-2 seconds, the electrolytic cell can be determined to be in a shutdown state. The determination result will be output to the control unit to trigger system safety protection or an alarm.

[0035] The determination of gas-liquid separation status is based on data collected by gas pressure sensors and liquid level sensors inside the electrolyzer. By analyzing the instantaneous rate of change of liquid level height in different zones and the direction of pressure change in each zone, gas-liquid distribution characteristics can be extracted. When the gas-liquid distribution change direction in each zone of the electrolyzer is consistent and meets a preset threshold, the electrolyzer can be determined to be in a gas-liquid separation state; if the change directions in the zones are inconsistent, the gas and liquid are considered not to be completely separated.

[0036] The determination of pressure imbalance is accomplished by extracting pressure sensor signals from each zone of the electrolyzer and calculating the pressure difference and standard deviation. Specifically, the pressure values ​​of each zone are compared pairwise to calculate the maximum pressure difference and the standard deviation of the pressure values ​​is calculated. When the maximum pressure difference or standard deviation exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., pressure difference exceeding 0.2–0.5 MPa, standard deviation exceeding 0.05–0.1 MPa), the electrolyzer is determined to have pressure imbalance.

[0037] Finally, the results of the shutdown state, gas-liquid separation state, and pressure imbalance state are logically combined. If any state is determined to be true, the control unit generates a corresponding feedback signal to trigger an early warning, adjust process parameters, or execute safety protection actions.

[0038] Preferably, analyzing the gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer signal and determining whether the electrolyzer is in a gas-liquid separation state based on the gas-liquid distribution characteristics includes: Extract the liquid level height and zoned gas pressure signals from the electrolytic cell; The instantaneous response speed of the liquid level height is used to calculate the rate of rise or fall of the liquid level in the electrolyzer per unit time, and the correlation with the change direction of the gas pressure in the zone is used to obtain the change direction of the gas-liquid distribution. The gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer are identified by the direction of gas-liquid distribution change. When the directions of gas-liquid distribution change are inconsistent, the electrolyzer is determined to be in a gas-liquid separation state; when the directions of gas-liquid distribution change are consistent, the electrolyzer is determined to be not in a gas-liquid separation state.

[0039] In one embodiment, real-time signal data of the electrolytic cell is acquired, including liquid level height values ​​collected by a liquid level height sensor and pressure values ​​collected by gas pressure sensors in each zone. The liquid level height sensor is preferably a non-contact ultrasonic or capacitive sensor, with a measurement range covering the full range of liquid height in the electrolytic cell, and an accuracy preferably ±0.5 mm. Zone gas pressure sensors are installed at different locations in the electrolytic cell to collect gas pressure data for each zone. The sampling frequency can be set to 1–10 Hz to ensure the capture of dynamic changes in the liquid and gas.

[0040] The control unit calculates the instantaneous response speed of the liquid level based on continuously collected liquid level height data, i.e., the rate of change of liquid level height per unit time. Specifically, it performs differential calculations on the liquid level height at adjacent sampling times to obtain the rate of increase or decrease in liquid level. Subsequently, it performs correlation analysis with the direction of gas pressure change in each zone. When the liquid level rises and the corresponding zone's gas pressure decreases, or vice versa, the gas-liquid change direction in that area is determined to be opposite; if the liquid level change direction is consistent with the zone's gas pressure change direction, then the gas-liquid change direction is determined to be consistent.

[0041] Based on the gas-liquid change direction in different zones, the gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer are identified. When the gas-liquid distribution change direction in multiple zones is inconsistent, it indicates that there is local gas accumulation or liquid backflow in the cell, and the electrolyzer is determined to be in a gas-liquid separation state. When the gas-liquid distribution change direction in all zones is consistent, it indicates that the liquid and gas flow in the cell is uniform, and the electrolyzer is determined not to be in a gas-liquid separation state.

[0042] To improve accuracy, the liquid level response speed is preferably smoothed using methods such as moving average or exponential smoothing to eliminate the influence of short-term fluctuation noise on the determination of gas-liquid distribution direction. Simultaneously, the zoned gas pressure signals can be filtered and denoised to ensure the accuracy of the correlation analysis. Finally, the electrolyzer status signal is output based on the gas-liquid distribution characteristics.

[0043] Preferably, the calculation of the rate of rise or fall of the electrolytic cell liquid level per unit time based on the instantaneous response speed of the liquid level height, and the correlation with the direction of change of the zoned gas pressure, includes: Continuous liquid level data is identified based on changes in liquid level height; the amount of liquid level change in the continuous liquid level data is calculated to obtain the liquid level change sequence; The liquid level change sequence is differentiated per unit time to obtain the instantaneous response speed data of liquid level rise or fall; Calculate the pressure change direction sequence based on the zoned gas pressure; By correlating the direction of the instantaneous response velocity data with the direction of pressure change in the pressure change sequence on an hourly basis, the corresponding relationship between the gas-liquid distribution directions is obtained. The direction of gas-liquid distribution change in each zone of the electrolytic cell was determined based on the correspondence between the gas and liquid distribution directions.

[0044] In one embodiment, liquid level data of each zone of the electrolytic cell are collected by a liquid level sensor. The continuously acquired liquid level data forms a continuous liquid level data sequence for subsequent liquid level change analysis. The sampling frequency of the liquid level sensor is preferably set between 10 Hz and 100 Hz to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the liquid level change process.

[0045] Based on continuous liquid level data, the control unit calculates the liquid level change between each sampling point and generates a liquid level change sequence. The liquid level change can be obtained by the difference between two adjacent frames of liquid level data to reflect the increase or decrease trend of the liquid level per unit time.

[0046] The liquid level change sequence is differentiated unit by unit time to obtain the instantaneous response velocity data of the liquid level rise or fall. The instantaneous response velocity data is used to represent the rate of change of liquid level in a short time. The numerical unit can be millimeters per second or centimeters per second, and the positive and negative values ​​of the response velocity represent the liquid level rise and fall, respectively.

[0047] Simultaneously, gas pressure data for each zone of the electrolyzer is acquired using gas pressure sensors, and a pressure change direction sequence is calculated. This pressure change direction sequence represents the increasing or decreasing trend of gas pressure in each zone at continuous time points; positive and negative values ​​can indicate the direction of pressure increase or decrease.

[0048] The instantaneous response velocity direction of the liquid level is correlated with the pressure change direction of the corresponding zone on an hourly basis; that is, the direction of liquid level change is compared with the direction of pressure change at each sampling time point. This comparison yields the correspondence between the gas and liquid distribution directions, which is used to determine the correlation between liquid level changes and gas pressure changes.

[0049] Finally, based on the aforementioned correspondence between gas and liquid distribution directions, the control unit confirms the direction of gas and liquid distribution changes in each zone of the electrolyzer. For example, when the direction of liquid level rise coincides with the direction of pressure increase, the direction of gas and liquid distribution change is determined to be "pressure-driven liquid level rise"; if the liquid level falls while the pressure rises, the direction of gas and liquid distribution change is determined to be "liquid reflux or local gas release". This gas and liquid distribution direction data can be used for subsequent electrolyzer operation adjustments and fault detection.

[0050] Preferably, determining whether an electrolyzer is in a state of pressure imbalance based on the pressure difference between zones and the pressure standard deviation includes: Based on the pressure difference analysis of each partition, the pressure difference variation trend with events is obtained, and the pressure difference variation sequence is obtained; Based on the mean and fluctuation characteristics of the pressure difference change sequence, the equilibrium of the pressure distribution is analyzed to confirm the pressure equilibrium state index. Based on the pressure standard deviation and pressure balance status index of each zone, identify zones with excessively high or low pressure and form a judgment result on the pressure imbalance status. The determination result is used to determine whether the electrolytic cell is in a state of pressure imbalance.

[0051] In one embodiment, pressure sensors are first installed in each section of the electrolytic cell to collect pressure data from each section in real time, and the data is transmitted to the control unit for processing. The control unit acquires pressure values ​​at a set sampling frequency (e.g., once every 200 milliseconds) to form pressure time series data for each section.

[0052] Based on the pressure data of each zone, the control unit calculates the pressure difference between each pair of zones and generates a sequence of pressure difference changes over time, called the pressure difference change sequence. By analyzing the trend of the pressure difference change sequence, the fluctuation of zone pressure with events (such as power supply, gas generation, or liquid flow) can be observed, forming pressure difference trend data.

[0053] The control unit further performs statistical analysis on the pressure difference variation sequence, including calculating the mean and standard deviation of the pressure difference, to assess the stability and uniformity of the pressure distribution. Based on the degree of deviation from the mean and the amplitude of fluctuations, a pressure equilibrium state index is generated to determine whether the pressure remains within a preset safe range.

[0054] Based on the pressure standard deviation and pressure balance status indicators of each zone, the control unit identifies zones with significantly high or low pressure and marks these zones as abnormal zones. Through comprehensive analysis of the number, distribution, and pressure deviation magnitude of abnormal zones, a pressure imbalance status determination result is generated.

[0055] Finally, the control unit outputs a judgment message indicating whether the electrolyzer is in a state of pressure imbalance based on the judgment result. If pressure imbalance is determined, an alarm can be triggered, the gas-liquid distribution can be adjusted, or other pressure equalization control strategies can be initiated to ensure the safe operation of the electrolyzer.

[0056] As an example of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 2 As shown, step S4 in this example includes: Step S41: Based on the triggering time of the reverse feed judgment signal, control the output circuit breaker to perform an instantaneous tripping action, cut off the power supply to the electrolytic cell, and generate circuit breaker tripping status data; Step S42: When performing the instantaneous tripping action, the synchronous drive hydrogen rectifier input contactor is disconnected, blocking the current path from the rectifier output to the electrolyzer, and generating contactor disconnection status data; Step S43: Logically associate the circuit breaker tripping status data with the contactor disconnection status data to generate a fault indication message; Step S44: Display and record the fault prompt information in real time through the human-machine interface.

[0057] In one embodiment, when a backflow trend is detected in the electrolytic cell, the fault detection control module first controls the output circuit breaker to perform an instantaneous tripping action based on the trigger time of the backflow determination signal output by the hardware comparator. During the instantaneous tripping action, the tripping speed of the circuit breaker is set to within 50-100 ms to ensure rapid disconnection of the power supply to the electrolytic cell. Simultaneously, the contact status of the circuit breaker is collected in real time to generate circuit breaker tripping status data. The tripping status data includes information such as the tripping action occurrence time, tripping completion time, and contact opening status.

[0058] Simultaneously, when the circuit breaker's instantaneous tripping action is initiated, the input contactor controlling the hydrogen rectifier disconnects. Specifically, the control signal drives the contactor coil via a relay, synchronizing the contactor's disconnection time with the circuit breaker's tripping action, thus blocking the current path from the rectifier output to the electrolyzer. The contactor disconnection status data, including the disconnection start time, disconnection completion time, and main circuit current changes, is recorded in real time in the control module.

[0059] The control module performs logical correlation processing on the collected circuit breaker tripping status data and contactor disconnection status data. This logical correlation includes determining whether the circuit breaker tripping action was completed within 50 ms before or after the contactor disconnection, and simultaneously verifying whether the rectifier output current dropped to zero within the expected time. Based on the correlation results, fault indication information is generated, including the time of backflow occurrence, circuit breaker and contactor status, action delay, and possible fault level.

[0060] Finally, fault indication information is displayed in real time through a human-machine interface (HMI) and simultaneously recorded in the storage module for subsequent analysis. The HMI graphically displays the operating status change curves of the circuit breaker and contactor, and marks the backflow trigger point and the action completion time, providing operators with intuitive reference; at the same time, the displayed data is updated once per second, and log files can be exported for long-term fault analysis and tracking.

[0061] Preferably, step S43 includes: Identify the time interval of circuit breaker operation based on circuit breaker tripping status data; The time period of the contactor disconnection action is determined based on the contactor disconnection status data; By utilizing the logical relationship between the circuit breaker's operating time interval and the contactor's disconnection time interval, the order and correlation between the two are analyzed, and the corresponding analysis results are obtained. Based on the analysis results, the fault type and location of the hydrogen rectifier are determined, and corresponding fault prompt information is generated.

[0062] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker tripping status data is first acquired using a current sensor and a circuit breaker status acquisition module. The start and completion times of the circuit breaker switching from standby to tripping action are recorded, and this time interval is defined as the circuit breaker action time interval. The time accuracy can be set to the millisecond level to ensure the accuracy of action capture.

[0063] Simultaneously, the contactor monitoring module acquires the contactor's open / closed status data, records the time point when the contactor changes from the closed state to the open state, and defines this time period as the contactor open period. The contactor status sampling frequency can be set to above 100 Hz to ensure that contactor status changes are captured during circuit breaker operation.

[0064] The control unit compares the circuit breaker's tripping time interval with the contactor's disconnection time interval, analyzing their sequence and logical relationship. For example, if the circuit breaker trips before the contactor disconnects, and the time interval is within 0.1 to 0.5 seconds, it can be identified as a typical protection action caused by overcurrent in the hydrogen rectifier. If the contactor disconnects first and the circuit breaker trips subsequently, it may be a fault caused by control circuit malfunction or external interference. Based on a preset time logic rule base, the control unit performs a matching analysis of the circuit breaker and contactor's action sequence and generates corresponding analysis results.

[0065] Based on the above analysis results, the fault type of the hydrogen production rectifier is further determined by combining the rectifier's operating current, voltage, and historical fault data, such as overcurrent fault, short circuit fault, or control failure fault, and the specific module or line where the fault occurred is located. Finally, corresponding fault prompt information is generated, including fault type, possible fault location, response time, and suggested handling solution, so that operators can carry out timely inspection and handling.

[0066] Preferably, before controlling the output circuit breaker to perform an instantaneous tripping action based on the triggering time of the reverse flow determination signal, the following steps are also included: Based on the reverse flow judgment signal trigger signal hardware cache locking, the amplitude verification and polarity comparison of the reverse flow judgment signal are performed during the hardware cache locking period to obtain the verification confirmation mark. The circuit breaker's operating coil is checked by verifying the identification mark, and the auxiliary contact status is also checked to ensure that the circuit breaker is in a mechanically ready state to perform tripping action.

[0067] In one embodiment, when the reverse current detection signal is triggered, the control system first writes the trigger signal into the hardware cache unit to lock the hardware cache. During the hardware cache locking period, the amplitude and polarity changes of the reverse current detection signal are continuously monitored. The amplitude can be set within the range of 0 to 10 V for verification to ensure that the signal amplitude is within a reasonable range and to avoid false triggering due to transient interference. The polarity comparison ensures that the signal direction is consistent with the set positive direction. If both the amplitude and polarity meet the preset conditions, a verification confirmation mark is generated.

[0068] After obtaining the verification confirmation identifier, the control unit monitors the on / off status of the circuit breaker coil in real time based on this identifier. Specifically, it detects the on / off status of the circuit breaker coil using a current sensor or Hall element to confirm that the coil can normally drive the circuit breaker to trip. Simultaneously, it monitors the status of the circuit breaker's auxiliary contacts, including the closure of normally open and normally closed contacts, to ensure the circuit breaker is in a mechanically ready state, meaning the circuit breaker contacts are in a position where they can trip instantly, without obstruction or abnormal friction.

[0069] When both the coil's on / off state and the auxiliary contact state meet the conditions for executing a tripping action, the control unit triggers the circuit breaker's instantaneous tripping command, enabling the circuit breaker to complete the tripping action within a millisecond-level response time, thus achieving rapid isolation of the backflow fault. Through the above embodiments, the reliability and safety of the circuit breaker's tripping action can be ensured, while effectively avoiding malfunctions or delayed operations.

[0070] Preferably, detecting the on / off state of the circuit breaker's actuator coil based on the verification confirmation identifier includes: The detection task of the execution coil is activated by verifying the confirmation identifier, and a low-amplitude detection electrical signal is applied to the execution coil and the loop response parameters are collected. The circuit response parameters are matched and analyzed with the preset normal coil impedance characteristics to identify the electrical connection status of the execution coil. Based on the feedback signal from the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker that detect the electrical connection status of the execution coil, it is confirmed whether the mechanical structure of the circuit breaker is in the ready-to-execute position. Based on the feedback signals from the actuator coil status and auxiliary contacts, a dual-channel consistency determination is performed to generate circuit breaker mechanical readiness confirmation information, ensuring that the circuit breaker is in a mechanical readiness state ready to perform tripping actions.

[0071] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker's verification confirmation flag is first obtained, and the corresponding actuator coil detection task is activated based on this flag. A low-amplitude detection electrical signal is applied to the actuator coil via the coil drive module. The signal amplitude is set to 5% to 10% of the coil's rated operating current to avoid triggering the circuit breaker while ensuring the acquisition of valid coil response parameters. During the detection process, loop response parameters such as voltage, current, and phase changes of the actuator coil are acquired in real time.

[0072] The control unit compares and analyzes the collected loop response parameters with preset normal coil impedance characteristics. Normal coil impedance characteristics include coil resistance, inductance, and phase response range under low-amplitude signals. Through matching analysis, the electrical continuity of the actuator coil can be accurately identified. If the matching result shows that the coil impedance is within the normal range, the actuator coil is determined to be electrically connected; if the matching result deviates from the normal range, the coil is determined to have an open circuit, short circuit, or poor contact.

[0073] Based on the electrical connection status of the actuator coil, the feedback signals of the circuit breaker's auxiliary contacts are further monitored to determine whether the circuit breaker's mechanical structure is in a ready-to-operate state. The auxiliary contact status includes closed or open signals. The response time and stability of the signals are acquired through high-speed sampling to ensure that the mechanical structure does not lag or malfunction.

[0074] Finally, the control system performs a dual-channel consistency determination between the actuator coil status and the auxiliary contact feedback signal: when the actuator coil is electrically connected and the auxiliary contact is in the ready-to-act position, the circuit breaker is determined to be in a mechanically prepared state ready to trip; if the two are inconsistent, an abnormal alarm is generated and the status information is recorded, prompting maintenance personnel to conduct further inspection. This method allows for precise confirmation that the circuit breaker's mechanical structure is in a safe ready-to-act state without triggering the circuit breaker's operation, thereby ensuring the reliable execution of subsequent tripping actions.

[0075] Of particular importance, step S3 includes the following steps: Step S31: Analyze the current direction attribute of the feedback signal to obtain the current current direction identifier; Step S32: Calculate the current change gradient of the feedback signal based on the current current direction indicator, and perform trend analysis on the current change gradient to obtain current trend analysis data; Step S33: By comparing the current trend analysis data with the preset reverse energy reinjection judgment threshold, it is determined whether the electrolytic cell has switched from the normal power receiving mode to the reverse energy reinjection mode, and an operation status identification result is generated. Step S34: Perform signal stability detection based on the operation status identification result, confirm the valid stable signal identifier, and output the reverse flow judgment signal according to the valid stable signal identifier.

[0076] In one embodiment, after acquiring the feedback signal from the electrolytic cell, step S31 is first executed to parse the current direction attribute in the feedback signal. The current direction attribute is acquired by a Hall current sensor installed on the DC output line, and its data format includes current amplitude, current direction code, and timestamp information. The direction code uses a binary encoding format where "+1" represents positive and "-1" represents negative. The direction code field is parsed and combined with the sampling time record to obtain the current current direction identifier, which is stored in the running data buffer as an input parameter for the next calculation.

[0077] The current gradient is calculated based on the current direction indicator and the current amplitude changes at continuous sampling points. The gradient is expressed using the formula... Calculation, where This indicates the current value at the current sampling point. This indicates the sampling interval period. After obtaining the current change gradient, a sliding time window is used to perform trend analysis on data from multiple periods. The trend analysis includes upward trends, downward trends, and reversal characteristics, and current trend analysis data is generated in a structured manner.

[0078] The current trend analysis data is compared with the preset reverse energy reinjection judgment threshold. This threshold is an engineering experience value, determined through long-term operation and statistics, and its value range includes the current reverse amplitude threshold T1, the change gradient threshold T2, and the duration threshold T3. When the detection result meets the condition (direction indicator is -1), the reverse energy reinjection is determined. When the condition (ΔI≥T2)∧(duration≥T3) is met, it is determined that the electrolytic cell has switched from normal power receiving mode to reverse energy reinjection mode, and the operating status identification result is output; otherwise, it is determined to be in normal operating state.

[0079] Based on the operational status identification results, a signal stability detection program is initiated. This program collects feedback signals for multiple consecutive cycles and compares the signal fluctuation amplitude with a set stability threshold to ensure that the false trigger rate is less than 1%. When the signal change trend is stable and meets the reverse judgment condition, a valid stable signal identifier is confirmed, and the judgment module outputs a reverse backflow judgment signal for the protection control logic to execute subsequent actions, such as switching power paths, activating anti-backflow protection, or triggering an alarm output.

[0080] Of particular importance, step S31 includes: The feedback signal is periodically sampled to confirm the periodic sampling points; A phase sequence is constructed based on periodic sampling points, and the rate of change of the sign of the current direction between adjacent sampling points in the phase sequence is calculated to obtain the current direction vector. A directional feature fingerprint is constructed based on the current direction vector, which includes a positive energy input feature sequence, a dynamic zero-crossing state feature sequence, and a reverse energy reinjection feature sequence. The current direction identifier is obtained by analyzing the current direction attribute of the feedback signal using directional feature fingerprint.

[0081] In one embodiment, a periodic sampling operation is first performed on the feedback signal from the output circuit of the hydrogen rectifier. The sampling period is precisely timed by the system clock, typically set to 5ms to 10ms, to ensure that current direction change characteristics can be captured during dynamic operation. The sampling module records the current amplitude, current polarity, and sampling timestamp at each period point, and writes the sampling points into a circular buffer queue in ascending order, thereby forming a sequence of periodic sampling points that can be used for subsequent analysis.

[0082] The system then performs a phase processing step, constructing a phase sequence based on periodic sampling points. This phase sequence describes the relationship between sampling points, not just independent values. Adjacent sampling points in the sequence are compared, and the sign of the current direction is checked for changes. If a change occurs, a direction reversal event is recorded. Based on the frequency of these events and the pattern of sign difference between adjacent sampling points, the rate of change of the current direction sign is calculated and output as a two-dimensional directional representation, i.e., a current direction vector. The vector elements include three types: "stable forward," "dynamically changing," and "stable reverse."

[0083] Based on the generated current direction vector, a directional feature fingerprint is further constructed. This directional feature fingerprint is used to identify the energy transfer state and includes three substructures: first, a positive energy input feature sequence, characterized by a continuously positive direction sign and a low rate of change; second, a dynamic zero-crossing state feature sequence, characterized by a high rate of sign change accompanied by short-term directional jitter; and third, a reverse energy reinjection feature sequence, characterized by a continuously reverse direction sign and a stable rate of change. The directional feature fingerprint is constructed and encoded by segmenting and classifying each segment of the vector.

[0084] During the step parsing phase, the direction feature fingerprint parsing module is invoked to identify the direction of the feedback signal. If the proportion of continuous positive sequences in the feature fingerprint exceeds a preset threshold, the current direction is determined to be in positive input mode. If the proportion of dynamic zero-crossing sequences is significant and accompanied by rapid direction jitter, the current is determined to be in a dynamic switching state. If the reverse energy reinjection feature sequence is established and continues for more than a set time window, the current direction attribute is marked as reverse energy reinjection state, and a final current direction identifier is generated. This identifier will be used as a basic criterion in subsequent control strategies for backfeed protection, system adjustment, and abnormal handling logic execution.

[0085] The present invention also provides a fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier, used to execute the fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier as described above, the fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier comprising: The current acquisition module is used to connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer and acquire the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through a Hall current sensor set on the bus of the output end to obtain the acquired current signal. The feedback identification module, based on the collected current signal, uses a reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier to determine whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in a shutdown, gas-liquid separation, or pressure imbalance state, so as to confirm the feedback signal. The reverse trend detection module detects the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from a energized state to a reverse energy reinjection state, and outputs a reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed. The fault protection execution module is used to drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping based on the backflow judgment signal, and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

[0086] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the application be incorporated into the invention.

[0087] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer, and collect the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through the Hall current sensor set on the bus of the output end to obtain the collected current signal; Step S2: Based on the collected current signal, the reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier determines whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in the state of shutdown, gas-liquid separation or pressure imbalance, so as to confirm the feedback signal. Step S3: Detect the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from the energized state to the reverse energy reinjection state, and output the reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed; Step S4: Based on the reverse flow judgment signal, drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

2. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methods for determining shutdown, gas-liquid separation, or pressure imbalance in step S2 include: Extracting current amplitude based on the acquired current signal; By comparing the current amplitude with the preset minimum operating current threshold, it is determined whether the electrolytic cell is in a shutdown state. Signals from the electrolytic cell are collected using gas pressure sensors and liquid level sensors inside the electrolytic cell. Analyze the gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer signal and determine whether the electrolyzer is in a gas-liquid separation state based on the gas-liquid distribution characteristics; Extract the pressure sensor signals of each zone from the electrolytic cell signal, and calculate the zone pressure difference and pressure standard deviation; Based on the pressure difference between zones and the standard deviation of pressure, determine whether the electrolytic cell is in a state of pressure imbalance. The results of the judgments for shutdown, gas-liquid separation, and pressure imbalance are logically combined. If any state is judged to be true, a corresponding feedback signal is generated.

3. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, Analyzing the gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer signal and determining whether the electrolyzer is in a gas-liquid separation state based on these characteristics includes: Extract the liquid level height and zoned gas pressure signals from the electrolytic cell; The instantaneous response speed of the liquid level height is used to calculate the rate of rise or fall of the liquid level in the electrolyzer per unit time, and the correlation with the change direction of the gas pressure in the zone is used to obtain the change direction of the gas-liquid distribution. The gas-liquid distribution characteristics of the electrolyzer are identified by the direction of gas-liquid distribution change. When the directions of gas-liquid distribution change are inconsistent, the electrolyzer is determined to be in a gas-liquid separation state; when the directions of gas-liquid distribution change are consistent, the electrolyzer is determined to be not in a gas-liquid separation state.

4. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 3, characterized in that, The instantaneous response speed of the liquid level in the electrolyzer is used to calculate the rate of rise or fall of the liquid level per unit time, and the correlation with the direction of change of the zoned gas pressure includes: Continuous liquid level data is identified based on changes in liquid level height; the amount of liquid level change in the continuous liquid level data is calculated to obtain the liquid level change sequence; The liquid level change sequence is differentiated per unit time to obtain the instantaneous response speed data of liquid level rise or fall; Calculate the pressure change direction sequence based on the zoned gas pressure; By correlating the direction of the instantaneous response velocity data with the direction of pressure change in the pressure change sequence on an hourly basis, the corresponding relationship between the gas-liquid distribution directions is obtained. The direction of gas-liquid distribution change in each zone of the electrolytic cell was determined based on the correspondence between the gas and liquid distribution directions.

5. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining whether an electrolyzer is in a state of pressure imbalance based on the pressure difference between zones and the pressure standard deviation includes: Based on the pressure difference analysis of each partition, the pressure difference variation trend with events is obtained, and the pressure difference variation sequence is obtained; Based on the mean and fluctuation characteristics of the pressure difference change sequence, the equilibrium of the pressure distribution is analyzed to confirm the pressure equilibrium state index. Based on the pressure standard deviation and pressure balance status index of each zone, identify zones with excessively high or low pressure and form a judgment result on the pressure imbalance status. The determination result is used to determine whether the electrolytic cell is in a state of pressure imbalance.

6. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: Based on the triggering time of the reverse feed judgment signal, control the output circuit breaker to perform an instantaneous tripping action, cut off the power supply to the electrolytic cell, and generate circuit breaker tripping status data; Step S42: When performing the instantaneous tripping action, the synchronous drive hydrogen rectifier input contactor is disconnected, blocking the current path from the rectifier output to the electrolyzer, and generating contactor disconnection status data; Step S43: Logically associate the circuit breaker tripping status data with the contactor disconnection status data to generate a fault indication message; Step S44: Display and record the fault prompt information in real time through the human-machine interface.

7. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S43 includes: Identify the time interval of circuit breaker operation based on circuit breaker tripping status data; The time period of the contactor disconnection action is determined based on the contactor disconnection status data; By utilizing the logical relationship between the circuit breaker's operating time interval and the contactor's disconnection time interval, the order and correlation between the two are analyzed, and the corresponding analysis results are obtained. Based on the analysis results, the fault type and location of the hydrogen rectifier are determined, and corresponding fault prompt information is generated.

8. The fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the triggering time of the reverse-feeding judgment signal, the following steps are included before the control output circuit breaker performs the instantaneous tripping action: Based on the reverse feed-in judgment signal trigger signal hardware cache locking, during the hardware cache locking period, the amplitude verification and polarity comparison of the reverse feed-in judgment signal are performed to obtain the verification confirmation mark; The circuit breaker's operating coil is checked by verifying the identification mark, and the auxiliary contact status is also checked to ensure that the circuit breaker is in a mechanically ready state to perform tripping action.

9. The fault detection method for a hydrogen rectifier according to claim 8, characterized in that, The detection of the on / off status of the circuit breaker's operating coil based on the verification confirmation identifier includes: The detection task of the execution coil is activated by verifying the confirmation identifier, and a low-amplitude detection electrical signal is applied to the execution coil and the loop response parameters are collected. The circuit response parameters are matched and analyzed with the preset normal coil impedance characteristics to identify the electrical connection status of the execution coil. Based on the feedback signal from the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker that detect the electrical connection status of the execution coil, it is confirmed whether the mechanical structure of the circuit breaker is in the ready-to-execute position. Based on the feedback signals from the actuator coil status and auxiliary contacts, a dual-channel consistency determination is performed to generate circuit breaker mechanical readiness confirmation information, ensuring that the circuit breaker is in a mechanical readiness state ready to perform tripping actions.

10. A fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier, characterized in that, For performing the fault detection method based on a hydrogen rectifier as described in claim 1, the fault detection system based on a hydrogen rectifier includes: The current acquisition module is used to connect the output end of the hydrogen rectifier to the electrolyzer and acquire the current direction and amplitude signals in real time through a Hall current sensor set on the bus of the output end to obtain the acquired current signal. The feedback identification module, based on the collected current signal, uses a reverse detection relay installed at the output of the hydrogen rectifier to determine whether the electrolyzer generates reverse energy feedback to the hydrogen rectifier in a shutdown, gas-liquid separation, or pressure imbalance state, so as to confirm the feedback signal. The reverse trend detection module detects the trend of current direction change in the feedback signal to confirm whether the electrolyzer has changed from a energized state to a reverse energy reinjection state, and outputs a reverse injection judgment signal after the detection is completed. The fault protection execution module is used to drive the output circuit breaker to perform instantaneous tripping based on the backflow judgment signal, and simultaneously disconnect the input contactor of the hydrogen rectifier, generating fault prompt information to perform fault detection, display and recording.

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