Power battery external burning test system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a power battery external burning test system and method. The power battery external fire test system comprises a test execution unit used for executing a power battery system external fire test, and the test execution unit comprises a water tank internally used for storing water for fire extinguishing and a test platform arranged in the water tank, controlled to ascend and descend and used for carrying a tested power battery. After the test platform descends to a preset position, the power battery on the test platform can be immersed into water; the cover box is matched with the test platform and used for covering the power battery in the test, a water mist fire extinguishing device used for extinguishing after the test is ended is mounted on the cover box, the combustion module is used for burning the outside of the power battery after ignition, and the ignition device is used for igniting the combustion module. Compared with an existing external fire test system, the device is more suitable for the combustion working condition when the whole vehicle is on fire, and the test result has higher reference value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power battery testing technology, and in particular to a power battery external fire test system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, power battery technology is constantly advancing, and the industry scale is rapidly increasing. At the same time, the testing and evaluation technology of power battery systems is also receiving increasing attention, especially in terms of safety testing, where more stringent requirements have been put forward. Among these requirements, the external fire test of power battery systems is gaining increasing importance from testing institutions and new energy vehicle testing manufacturers.

[0003] Currently, external fire tests on power battery systems are conducted according to the standard GB 38031—2025 Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles. The standard's method involves placing an oil pan under the power battery system and subjecting it to direct combustion for 70 seconds followed by indirect combustion for 60 seconds to assess its safety under direct flame exposure. However, this test method lacks corresponding real-world operating conditions and differs from the scenario of a vehicle fire, which typically involves an external fire source or flammable materials within the passenger compartment. Therefore, a power battery testing system and method are needed to simulate a vehicle fire and assess the thermal stability of the power battery system under high-temperature conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and defects of existing technologies and provide a pull-out three-dimensional card packaging box. The testing device of this invention is used to verify the stability of the cell materials and the insulation protection capability of the power battery system under conditions where flammable materials in the passenger compartment cause a fire inside the vehicle or an external fire source ignites the vehicle body. By simulating actual vehicle fire conditions using this testing device, the value and accuracy of bench tests can be improved, and the thermal stability of the power battery system under different combustion times can be truly evaluated.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a power battery external fire test system, comprising a test execution unit for performing an external fire test on a power battery system, the test execution unit comprising a water tank for storing water for fire extinguishing, a test platform arranged in the water tank and controlled to be raised and lowered for carrying the power battery under test, the test platform being able to immerse the power battery on it in water after being lowered to a preset position; a cover box cooperating with the test platform for covering the power battery under test inside, the cover box being equipped with a fine water mist fire extinguishing device for extinguishing the fire after the test is terminated, and further comprising a combustion module for igniting the external fire of the power battery and an ignition device for igniting the combustion module.

[0006] Preferably, there are multiple combustion modules arranged on the outside of the power battery, except for the side that contacts the test platform, in an enclosing arrangement, with their combustion heads facing the surface of the power battery.

[0007] Preferably, the adjacent combustion modules are hinged together.

[0008] Preferably, the combustion module is mounted on a fixed frame, the fixed frame is connected to the test platform, and the power battery is located inside the fixed frame.

[0009] Preferably, the side wall of the enclosure has ventilation holes, and the enclosure is hinged to one end of the test platform.

[0010] Preferably, the ignition device is an arc ignition device.

[0011] Preferably, the test platform is connected to the base via a telescopic mechanism, and the base is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the water tank.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic device, which is connected to the hydraulic lifting control system of the main control unit. The main control unit is used to control the test process of the test execution unit based on the analysis results of the collected test data.

[0013] Preferably, it includes a data acquisition and analysis unit, which is used to collect and analyze the test data when the test execution unit conducts an external fire test on the power battery and then send it to the main control unit.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing the external fire of a power battery, implemented based on the power battery external fire testing system, comprising the following steps: S1: Place the power battery to be tested on the test platform; S2: Confirm the conditions for terminating the test; S3: Close the ignition device, the combustion module ignites and combustion begins; the test begins. S4: Based on the collected test data, determine whether the test termination condition has been met. If so, proceed to step S5. S5: Stop the test and immerse the sample in the water tank; S6: The control unit rates the test samples based on the test data; The trial is considered terminated if any of the following conditions are met: The test time reaches the external fire time confirmed before the test; the insulation resistance of the power battery is abnormal; the temperature of the power battery rises abnormally; the power battery sampling is abnormally alarmed; the power battery thermal runaway alarm is triggered; the power battery catches fire and / or explodes. Among them, the following are rated as follows: A if the power battery does not issue any abnormal alarm signal; B1 if the power battery reports abnormal insulation resistance; B2 if the power battery temperature rises abnormally; B3 if the power battery alarms due to abnormal sampling; B4 if the power battery alarms due to thermal runaway; and C if the power battery catches fire and / or explodes.

[0015] The external fire test system for power batteries of the present invention employs a combustion module arranged above the battery pack, and a cover box is used above it for testing. Compared with existing external fire test systems, this system more closely resembles the combustion conditions of a vehicle fire, and the test results are more valuable for reference. By controlling the arrangement of the combustion module, it can accommodate battery pack covers with different shapes, achieving full coverage of the combustion flame. The test device of the present invention is equipped with a fire extinguishing system to control the combustion time, which allows for more precise control of the combustion time and is of great significance for evaluating the thermal stability limit of the battery system. The test device can monitor the sample status throughout the external fire test. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall principle of the power battery external fire test system of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test execution unit of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hinge and the combustion module of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arc ignition device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the test steps for the external fire test method of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the control logic for the external fire test method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] See Figure 1 , 2As shown in the exemplary embodiment of this application, the power battery external fire test system includes a test execution unit 21 for performing an external fire test on the power battery. The test execution unit 21 includes a water tank 1 for storing water for fire extinguishing, an open structure at the top, and a test platform 12 arranged in the water tank and controlled to be raised and lowered for carrying the power battery under test. Preferably, it is a platform plate. After the test platform 12 is lowered to a preset position, the power battery 2 on it can be immersed in water. A cover box 5 cooperates with the test platform for covering the power battery under test inside. The cover box 5 is equipped with a fine water mist fire extinguishing device 3 for extinguishing the fire after the test is terminated. It also includes a combustion module 11 for igniting the power battery externally and an ignition device 6 for igniting the combustion module.

[0024] In this application, the test platform 12 of the test apparatus is placed in the water tank 1 to facilitate the degradation treatment of the sample after the test. For example, after the test is terminated, the test platform is lowered, and the test platform and the power battery on it are immersed in water. The fine water mist fire extinguishing device 3 is a misting fire extinguisher connected to a water source, and there are multiple of them, which can be arranged on the top of the enclosure. During the test, the enclosure 5 can be placed on top of the sample to simulate the environmental conditions of the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, there are multiple combustion modules 11, arranged on the outer side of the power battery except for the side that contacts the test platform, forming an enclosing arrangement. Their combustion heads face the surface of the power battery. More preferably, adjacent combustion modules are hinged together. Specifically, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, different combustion modules 11 are connected by hinges 10 to form a large whole. The hinges 10 adopt a chain plate or chain structure and are arranged at both ends of the combustion module to connect adjacent combustion modules, so that the connected combustion modules are linked together in series. The module connection structure formed by multiple combustion modules 11 connected by hinges 10 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the combustion module is mounted on a fixed frame 9 (i.e., a mounting bracket that can place the combustion module 11 on it and provide a constraint), the fixed frame 9 is placed on the test platform 12, and the power battery is located inside the fixed frame.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the side wall of the enclosure has ventilation holes 4, and the enclosure is hinged to one end of the test platform, such as by a hinge or a hinge. There are multiple ventilation holes, which can be rectangular or other shapes. More preferably, the enclosure is made of transparent material to facilitate observation of the internal battery and test conditions during the test.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the ignition device is an arc ignition device, and each combustion module 11 is equipped with one ignition device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the system includes a resistor 16, a power supply 17, a transformer 18, and an arc generator 19. The power supply 17 is connected to the power supply module through its positive and negative terminals. The secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 17, and one end of the secondary coil is connected to the left electrode of the arc generator 19 through the resistor 16. The other end of the secondary coil is connected to the middle electrode of the arc generator, and the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the right electrode of the arc generator. During the test, closing the power supply 17 will generate an arc at the arc generator 19, thereby igniting the gasoline in the combustion module.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the test platform is connected to a base via a telescopic mechanism, and the base is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the water tank. Exemplarily, the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic device, such as a hydraulic telescopic rod or a hydraulic lifting rod 8, connected to the hydraulic lifting control system of the main control unit 20. The main control unit is used to control the test process of the test execution unit based on the analysis results of the collected test data. The hydraulic lifting control system includes a hydraulic control system 13 and an electrical control system 14. The hydraulic control system 13 provides hydraulic oil to the hydraulic lifting rod, and the electrical control system is used for the drive control of the servo motor of the hydraulic lifting rod.

[0030] In this embodiment, the test platform 12 for placing the sample is connected to the base 7 via a hydraulic lifting rod 8. The lifting rod can control the vertical movement of the test platform 12. The hydraulic control system 13 and the electrical control system 14 control the lifting and lowering of the test sample of the power battery.

[0031] An exemplary embodiment of this application further includes a data acquisition and analysis unit 22, which is used to acquire and analyze the test data of the test execution unit when the test execution unit conducts an external fire test on the power battery. The main control unit is used to control the test process of the test execution unit based on the data analysis results of the data acquisition and analysis unit.

[0032] For example, the data acquisition and analysis unit 22 includes a CAN box 24 and a computer or PC 25. The data acquisition and analysis unit monitors the sample status during the test through the CAN box 24 and the computer 25. Specifically, the computer is connected to the battery management system or sensors of the power battery through the CAN box 24 and the low-voltage wiring harness 23 to collect data, including key parameters of the power battery assembly status and pressure sensor data, to determine the dangerous state of the battery assembly and to rate the performance of the sample after the test.

[0033] In this application, the main control unit 20, in addition to controlling the hydraulic lifting rod 8 through the hydraulic control system 13 and the electrical control system 14 as described above, also retrieves key battery parameter information and controls the battery through the CAN network tool in the data acquisition and analysis unit 22, and performs tests according to the preset working logic through the linkage test execution unit and the data acquisition and analysis unit to realize the linkage control function of the unit modules as described above.

[0034] Specifically, in this application, during the test, the power battery 2 is placed horizontally on the test platform 12. The size, placement, and number of combustion modules 11 are determined based on the appearance of the battery pack. Each combustion module 11 is connected by a hinge 10. The hinges ensure stability even when there are still abnormal protrusions on the surface, thus ensuring stability even on uneven surfaces of the sample. Ultimately, all combustion modules 11 are secured by the fixing frame 9 and surround the outside of the power battery 2. After confirming the sample's condition before the test, gasoline is added to the combustion modules 11, and the cover is placed on top of the sample. The arc ignition device 6 is then turned on to ignite the gasoline. After the test termination conditions are met, the fine water mist fire extinguishing device 3 is turned on to extinguish the flames, completing the test. Subsequently, the hydraulic lifting rod 8 is lowered and submerged in the water tank 1, completing the risk degrading treatment of the sample.

[0035] Further embodiments of this application provide a method for testing the external fire of a power battery, implemented based on the power battery external fire testing system, including the following steps: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown: S1: Place the power battery to be tested on the test platform; S2: Confirm the test termination conditions, such as external fire duration or battery failure status, etc. S3: Close the ignition device, the combustion module ignites and combustion begins; the test begins. S4: Based on the collected test data, determine whether the test termination condition has been met. If so, proceed to step S5. S5: Stop the test and immerse the sample in the water tank; S6: The control unit rates the test samples based on the test data; In this embodiment of the application, for example, the test termination condition is considered to be met when any of the following conditions are met: The following are considered abnormal conditions: the test time reaches the external fire time confirmed before the test; the insulation resistance of the power battery is abnormal (e.g., the insulation resistance is lower than 100Ω / V); the temperature of the power battery rises abnormally (e.g., the highest single cell temperature Tmax in the battery pack is ≥60℃, and / or the temperature rise rate dT / dt is ≥1℃ / s); the power battery sampling is abnormally alarmed (e.g., F_TRCondition3=1, such as the third condition of a certain type of sampling / sensor failure is triggered); the power battery thermal runaway is alarmed (e.g., BMS_F_TherRunaway=1); the power battery catches fire and / or explodes.

[0036] In this embodiment of the application, for example, the power battery is rated as follows: no abnormal alarm signal is issued and it is rated as Grade A; the power battery reports abnormal insulation resistance and it is rated as Grade B1; the power battery temperature rises abnormally and it is rated as Grade B2; the power battery sampling abnormal alarm is rated as Grade B3; the power battery thermal runaway alarm is rated as Grade B4; and the power battery fires and / or explodes and it is rated as Grade C.

[0037] The novel external fire test system for power batteries in this application is more closely aligned with the fire scenario of a vehicle, and is more accurate in examining the thermal stability of the power battery system. It can be used for preliminary testing and verification before the fire test of a vehicle. During the test, the sample status can be monitored and the test can be terminated at any time, which is beneficial for verifying the thermal safety critical conditions of the power battery system.

[0038] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the invention.

[0039] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An external fire test system for power batteries, characterized in that, The device includes a test execution unit for performing an external fire test on a power battery system. The test execution unit includes a water tank for storing water for fire extinguishing, a test platform arranged in the water tank and controlled to be raised and lowered for carrying the power battery under test, the test platform being able to immerse the power battery on it in water after being lowered to a preset position; a cover box cooperating with the test platform for covering the power battery under test inside, the cover box being equipped with a fine water mist fire extinguishing device for extinguishing the fire after the test is terminated, and also includes a combustion module for igniting the external fire of the power battery and an ignition device for igniting the combustion module.

2. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion modules are multiple and arranged on the outside of the power battery, except for the side that contacts the test platform, in an encircling arrangement, with their combustion heads facing the surface of the power battery.

3. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjacent combustion modules are hinged together.

4. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion module is mounted on a fixed frame, which is connected to the test platform, and the power battery is located inside the fixed frame.

5. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the enclosure has ventilation holes, and the enclosure is hinged to one end of the test platform.

6. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ignition device is an electric arc ignition device.

7. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test platform is connected to the base via a telescopic mechanism, and the base is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the water tank.

8. The power battery external fire test system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic device, which is connected to the hydraulic lifting control system of the main control unit. The main control unit is used to control the test process of the test execution unit based on the analysis results of the collected test data.

9. The power battery external fire test system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition and analysis unit, which is used to collect and analyze the test data when the test execution unit conducts an external fire test on the power battery, and then send it to the main control unit.

10. A method for testing the external fire of a power battery, implemented according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Place the power battery to be tested on the test platform; S2: Confirm the conditions for terminating the test; S3: Close the ignition device, the combustion module ignites and combustion begins; the test begins. S4: Based on the collected test data, determine whether the test termination condition has been met. If so, proceed to step S5. S5: Stop the test and immerse the sample in the water tank; S6: The control unit rates the test samples based on the test data; The trial is considered terminated if any of the following conditions are met: The test time reaches the external fire time confirmed before the test; the insulation resistance of the power battery is abnormal; the temperature of the power battery rises abnormally; the power battery sampling is abnormally alarmed; the power battery thermal runaway alarm is triggered; the power battery catches fire and / or explodes. Among them, the following are rated as follows: A if the power battery does not issue any abnormal alarm signal; B1 if the power battery reports abnormal insulation resistance; B2 if the power battery temperature rises abnormally; B3 if the power battery alarms due to abnormal sampling; B4 if the power battery alarms due to thermal runaway; and C if the power battery catches fire and / or explodes.

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