Fertilizing method for increasing yield of Huai wheat 46 based on wheat growth cycle
By precisely controlling the application rate and distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and water at each growth stage of wheat, the problem of nutrient mismatch in 'Huaimai 46' was solved, achieving efficient fertilizer utilization and yield improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAIYIN TEACHERS COLLEGE
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Traditional fertilization methods are insufficient to meet the precise nutrient requirements of the high-yield potential of 'Huai Mai 46' wheat, resulting in low fertilizer utilization and hindering further increases in wheat yield.
Based on the wheat growth cycle, the application rate and distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and water at different growth stages are precisely controlled, and integrated water and fertilizer management is adopted to achieve a high degree of synchronization between nutrient supply and fertilizer demand.
It significantly improves fertilizer utilization and wheat yield, coordinates the number of ears, the number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain weight, reduces production costs and environmental risks, and is easy to promote and apply.
Smart Images
Figure CN121926037A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat based on the wheat growth cycle. Background Technology
[0002] Wheat is an important food crop in my country, and its yield and quality are directly related to national food security. Scientific fertilization is one of the key measures to increase wheat yield. Traditional wheat fertilization methods usually adopt a "one-shot" or simple "base fertilizer + topdressing" model, with relatively extensive timing and proportion of fertilization, failing to fully consider the dynamic differences in the demand for nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at different growth stages of wheat.
[0003] "Huai Mai 46" is a high-yielding wheat variety promoted in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region of my country, characterized by high yield, disease resistance, and wide adaptability. However, traditional fertilization methods are insufficient to fully meet its precise nutrient requirements for high yield potential, often resulting in low fertilizer utilization and a mismatch between nutrient supply and demand, thus limiting further yield increases. Specifically, this manifests as excessive early growth followed by premature senescence due to nutrient deficiency, or insufficient early nutrients followed by excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity, ultimately affecting the coordinated growth of spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight.
[0004] Therefore, developing a refined fertilization method that is highly matched to the growth cycle of "Huaimai 46" and can significantly improve fertilizer utilization and final yield has important practical application value. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fertilization method for improving the yield of "Huaimai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle. This method achieves a significant increase in yield by precisely controlling the application amount and distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and water at each key growth stage of wheat, so that the nutrient supply is highly synchronized with the fertilizer requirement of "Huaimai 46".
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] A fertilization method for improving the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat based on the wheat growth cycle is proposed. Wheat is divided into six growth stages: basal fertilizer stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, booting / heading stage, flowering stage, and grain filling stage. Specifically, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied as the base fertilizer and water is added during the basal fertilizer and jointing stage. During the tillering stage, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer and water are added in combination. During the booting / heading stage, only nitrogen fertilizer and water are applied. During the flowering stage, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer and potassium fertilizer and water are added in combination. During the grain filling stage, only nitrogen fertilizer and water are applied.
[0008] The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huaimai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle is calculated as a percentage by mass:
[0009] During the basal fertilizer stage, the nitrogen content should be 8-12%, the phosphorus content 28-32%, the potassium content 28-32%, and the water content 18-20%.
[0010] During the tillering stage, apply nitrogen at a concentration of 18-22%, phosphorus at a concentration of 8-12%, and water at a concentration of 8-12%.
[0011] During the jointing stage, apply nitrogen at a content of 22-27%, phosphorus at a content of 55-65%, potassium at a content of 55-65%, and water at a content of 18-20%.
[0012] During the booting / heading stage, apply nitrogen at a content of 22-27% and water at a content of 18-20%.
[0013] During the flowering period, apply nitrogen at a concentration of 8-12%, potassium at a concentration of 8-12%, and water at a concentration of 12-18%.
[0014] During the grouting period, the nitrogen content should be 8-12% and the water content should be 12-18%.
[0015] Furthermore, the irrigation method adopted is a partial irrigation method, which integrates water and fertilizer.
[0016] Furthermore, the total irrigation water volume for the entire growth period is 350~450 m³ / mu.
[0017] Furthermore, the total irrigation water volume for the entire growth period is 400 m³ / mu.
[0018] Furthermore, the total fertilizer application throughout the entire growth period is: 16-19 kg / mu for nitrogen fertilizer, 8-10 kg / mu for phosphorus fertilizer, and 10-14 kg / mu for potassium fertilizer.
[0019] Furthermore, the total fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth period is: 16 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer.
[0020] Furthermore, the wheat variety is "Huai Mai 46".
[0021] Furthermore, the average annual wheat yield is 550-600 kg.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0023] (1) Precise matching of nutrient requirements: This invention deeply analyzes the peak demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients for "Huai Mai 46" throughout its entire growth cycle. More than half (50%) of the nitrogen fertilizer is concentrated in the critical period of nitrogen requirement from jointing to heading, which effectively ensures the formation of the number of grains per ear; phosphorus fertilizer is mainly allocated to the basal fertilizer and the period from jointing to flowering to promote root development and flowering and pollination; potassium fertilizer is mainly applied from jointing to heading to enhance stem strength and stress resistance. This allocation method achieves a "seamless connection" between nutrient supply and crop demand.
[0024] (2) Significantly increased yield: Through the above-mentioned precise fertilization and water management, the method of the present invention can effectively coordinate the three major yield components of "Huaimai 46": number of ears per mu, number of grains per ear, and thousand-grain weight. According to the field comparison test, the yield of "Huaimai 46" planted using this method increased by an average of 6.6% compared with the control group using the traditional "one-shot" or conventional proportion fertilization, and the yield increase effect was stable and significant.
[0025] (3) Improve fertilizer utilization: By applying fertilizer in stages and as needed, the fixation, leaching and volatilization of fertilizer in the soil are reduced, and more nutrients are absorbed and utilized by crops, thereby improving the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and reducing production costs and environmental risks.
[0026] (4) It is easy to operate and promote: The method and steps of this invention are clear and the indicators are well-defined. It is closely integrated with the standard agricultural operation process of "Huai Mai 46" and is easy for farmers and agricultural technicians to master and apply.
[0027] (5) The present invention can effectively increase the protein content in wheat and increase the thousand-grain weight. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a graph showing wheat yield under different fertilizer treatments in Example 1 of this application;
[0029] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the bulk density of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of this application;
[0030] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of protein content between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of this application;
[0031] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the thousand-grain weight of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solutions of the present invention, and it should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] The optimal fertilization rate for wheat growth was screened, and the variety "Huaimai 46" was selected. Five fertilization gradients were set up in the experiment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, Table 1). Nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 60% as basal fertilizer and 40% as topdressing at the jointing stage; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were all applied as basal fertilizer in a single application, repeated three times. Each plot was 6 meters long and 5 meters wide, and each plot was separated by 50 cm plastic boards to prevent lateral nutrient migration. Other field management was carried out according to conventional methods. Figure 1 It can be seen that the yield is highest when the fertilization gradient is T5, but the yields of T3, T4 and T5 are not significantly different, indicating that T3 is the best fertilization treatment for wheat.
[0035] Table 1. N / P / K dosages for each fertilization gradient
[0036]
[0037] Example 2
[0038] A fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat variety based on its growth cycle includes the following steps:
[0039] The experiment was conducted over two years in a typical farmland in Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, using the wheat variety "Huaimai 46". Soil fertility is shown in Table 2. The target yield was set at 550 kg / mu. Planting dates were October 12, 2023 and October 15, 2024, with harvest dates on June 1, 2024 and June 4, 2025, respectively. Seed usage was 15 kg / mu. Fertilizer and water application methods included furrow irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer management.
[0040] Table 2 Soil basic fertility
[0041]
[0042] 1. Determining the total amount of fertilizer:
[0043] Total nitrogen (N) application rate: 16 kg / mu.
[0044] Total phosphorus (calculated as P2O5) application rate: 8 kg / mu.
[0045] Total potassium (calculated as K2O) application rate: 10 kg / mu.
[0046] Total irrigation water volume: 400 m³ / mu (adjusted according to local climate and soil moisture).
[0047] 2. Fertilization and irrigation operations:
[0048] (1) Base fertilizer stage (before sowing): Apply 1.6 kg N, 2.4 kg P2O5 and 3.0 kg K2O as base fertilizer, and mix them evenly into the soil during land preparation. At the same time, irrigate 80 m³ of soil.3 Water to ensure uniform germination.
[0049] (2) Tillering stage: Apply 3.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 0.8 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) as topdressing. Irrigate 40 m² in conjunction with fertilization. 3 water.
[0050] (3) Jointing stage: Apply 4.0 kg N nitrogen fertilizer (this is half of the total amount from jointing to heading, and can be applied in two applications depending on the seedling condition), 4.8 kg P2O5 phosphorus fertilizer (this is the majority of the total amount from jointing to flowering), and 6.0 kg K2O potassium fertilizer. Irrigate 80 m³ of water along with the fertilization. 3 water.
[0051] (4) Heading / booting stage: Apply the remaining nitrogen fertilizer (half of the nitrogen fertilizer from jointing to booting stage, 4.0 kg N). Irrigate 80 m³. 3 water.
[0052] (5) Flowering period: Apply 1.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 1.0 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). Irrigate 60 m³. 3 water.
[0053] (6) Grouting period: Apply 1.6 kg N nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing. Irrigate 60 m³. 3 water.
[0054] Comparative Example 1
[0055] The experiment was conducted in a typical farmland in Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, using the wheat variety "Huai Mai 46". Soil fertility is shown in Table 2. The target yield was set at 550 kg / mu. Planting date was October 15, 2024, and harvest date was June 4, 2025. Seed usage was 15 kg / mu. Fertilizer and water application method: furrow irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer management.
[0056] 1. Determining the total amount of fertilizer:
[0057] Total nitrogen (N) application rate: 16 kg / mu.
[0058] Total phosphorus (calculated as P2O5) application rate: 8 kg / mu.
[0059] Total potassium (calculated as K2O) application rate: 10 kg / mu.
[0060] Total irrigation water volume: 400 m³ / mu (adjusted according to local climate and soil moisture).
[0061] 2. Fertilization and irrigation operations:
[0062] (1) Base fertilizer stage (before sowing): Apply 11.2 kg N, 5.6 kg P2O5 and 7.0 kg K2O as base fertilizer, and mix it evenly with the soil during land preparation. At the same time, irrigate 80 m³ of soil. 3Water to ensure uniform germination.
[0063] (2) Tillering stage: Irrigate 40m 3 water.
[0064] (3) Jointing stage: Apply 2.4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 1.2 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), and 1.5 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). Irrigate 80 m³ of soil along with the fertilization. 3 water.
[0065] (4) Heading / booting stage: Top-dress with 2.4 kg N nitrogen fertilizer, 1.2 kg P2O5 phosphorus fertilizer, and 1.5 kg K2O potassium fertilizer. Irrigate 80 m³ of soil. 3 water.
[0066] (5) Flowering period: Irrigate 60m 3 water.
[0067] (6) Grouting period: Irrigate 60m 3 water.
[0068] Comparative Example 2
[0069] In the same plot as Example 1, a control area was set up, and local conventional fertilization methods were adopted: nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 60% as basal fertilizer and topdressing at the jointing stage accounted for 40%; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were all applied as basal fertilizer in one application; irrigation management followed local practices. The results are shown in Table 3 and [Table data missing]. Figure 2-4 .
[0070] Table 3 Yield of "Huaimai 46" wheat variety at different test sites in different years
[0071]
[0072] From Table 3 and Figure 2-4 As can be seen from the post-harvest yield measurement, the average yield per mu (667 square meters) of the experimental field using this application was 589.11 kg, while the average yield per mu of the control field was 556.58 kg. Compared with the traditional method, the method of this invention significantly increased the yield by 5.84%, and the wheat grains were fuller, with increased thousand-grain weight, significantly increased protein content, and significantly increased test weight.
[0073] Comparative Example 3
[0074] The experiment was conducted in a typical farmland in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, using the wheat variety "Huai Mai 33". Soil fertility is shown in Table 4. The target yield was set at 500 kg / mu. Planting date: October 12, 2023; harvest date: June 1, 2024. Seed usage: 15 kg / mu. Fertilizer and water application method: furrow irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer application.
[0075] 1. Determining the total amount of fertilizer:
[0076] Total nitrogen (N) application rate: 16 kg / mu.
[0077] Total phosphorus (calculated as P2O5) application rate: 8 kg / mu.
[0078] Total potassium (calculated as K2O) application rate: 10 kg / mu.
[0079] Total irrigation water volume: 400 m³ / mu (adjusted according to local climate and soil moisture).
[0080] Table 4 Soil Basic Fertility
[0081]
[0082] 2. Fertilization and irrigation operations are divided into two methods:
[0083] One method involves using nitrogen fertilizer as basal fertilizer (60%) and topdressing during the jointing stage (40%); all phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as basal fertilizer in one application.
[0084] One method of fertilization used in this application is as follows:
[0085] (1) Base fertilizer stage (before sowing): Apply 1.6 kg N, 2.4 kg P2O5 and 3.0 kg K2O as base fertilizer, and mix them evenly into the soil during land preparation. At the same time, irrigate 80 m³ of soil. 3 Water to ensure uniform germination.
[0086] (2) Tillering stage: Apply 3.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 0.8 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) as topdressing. Irrigate 40 m² in conjunction with fertilization. 3 water.
[0087] (3) Jointing stage: Apply 4.0 kg N nitrogen fertilizer (this is half of the total amount from jointing to heading, and can be applied in two applications depending on the seedling condition), 4.8 kg P2O5 phosphorus fertilizer (this is the majority of the total amount from jointing to flowering), and 6.0 kg K2O potassium fertilizer. Irrigate 80 m³ of water along with the fertilization. 3 water.
[0088] (4) Heading / booting stage: Apply the remaining nitrogen fertilizer (half of the nitrogen fertilizer from jointing to booting stage, 4.0 kg N). Irrigate 80 m³. 3 water.
[0089] (5) Flowering period: Apply 1.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 1.0 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). Irrigate 60 m³. 3 water.
[0090] (6) Grouting period: Apply 1.6 kg N nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing. Irrigate 60 m³. 3 water.
[0091] Table 5 Yield of "Huaimai 33" under different fertilization methods
[0092]
[0093] As shown in Table 5, and by comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 2, this method exhibits excellent yield-increasing effects on "Huaimai 46", with an average yield of 589.11 kg / mu, which is 5.84% higher than traditional fertilization. It also increases wheat protein content and thousand-grain weight. However, when applied to "Huaimai 33", its average yield (509.8 kg / mu) is almost the same as that of the traditional fertilization method (508.64 kg / mu), and it does not show any yield-increasing advantage. This indicates that the fertilization scheme is precisely designed for the growth cycle and nutrient requirements of "Huaimai 46" and is only applicable to this variety, not to other wheat varieties such as "Huaimai 33".
[0094] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat variety based on its growth cycle, characterized in that: Wheat growth is divided into six stages: basal fertilizer stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, booting / heading stage, flowering stage, and grain-filling stage. Among them, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied as the base fertilizer and water is added in conjunction during the basal fertilizer stage and jointing stage; nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer and water are added in conjunction during the tillering stage; only nitrogen fertilizer and water are applied during the booting / heading stage; potassium fertilizer and water are applied as the base fertilizer during the flowering stage; and only nitrogen fertilizer and water are applied during the grain-filling stage.
2. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculated as a percentage by mass: During the basal fertilizer stage, the nitrogen content should be 8-12%, the phosphorus content 28-32%, the potassium content 28-32%, and the water content 18-20%. During the tillering stage, apply nitrogen at a concentration of 18-22%, phosphorus at a concentration of 8-12%, and water at a concentration of 8-12%. During the jointing stage, apply nitrogen at a content of 22-27%, phosphorus at a content of 55-65%, potassium at a content of 55-65%, and water at a content of 18-20%. During the booting / heading stage, apply nitrogen at a content of 22-27% and water at a content of 18-20%. During the flowering period, apply nitrogen at a concentration of 8-12%, potassium at a concentration of 8-12%, and water at a concentration of 12-18%. During the grouting period, the nitrogen content should be 8-12% and the water content should be 12-18%.
3. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation method used is a light irrigation method, which integrates water and fertilizer.
4. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total irrigation water volume during the entire growth period is 350~450m³ / mu.
5. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total irrigation water volume for the entire growth period is 400 m³ / mu.
6. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth period is: 16-19 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8-10 kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 10-14 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer.
7. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth period is: 16 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer.
8. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat variety is "Huai Mai 46".
9. The fertilization method for increasing the yield of "Huai Mai 46" wheat based on the wheat growth cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average annual wheat yield is 550-600 kg.